• After injury, mature terminally differentiated kidney cells dedifferentiate into more primordial versions of themselves and then differentiate into the cell types needing replacement in the damaged tissue Macrophages can self-renew by local proliferation of mature differentiated cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1] 'Multiforme,' which refers to a heterogenous histologic appearance and proliferation of multiple cell types, was abandoned from the revised nomenclature in the 2007 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, and is now simply called 'glioblastoma. (cancernetwork.com)
  • 2] Glioblastoma is histologically defined by neoplastic cells with astrocytic characteristics and the presence of either endothelial proliferation-often in a glomeruloid morphology-and/or necrosis, which may resemble a pseudopalisading pattern (a false fence of neoplastic cells surrounding an area of necrotic tissue). (cancernetwork.com)
  • The bcr-abl oncoprotein has uncontrolled tyrosine kinase activity, which deregulates cellular proliferation, decreases adherence of leukemia cells to the bone marrow stroma, and protects leukemic cells from normal programmed cell death (apoptosis). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Overexpression of this gene is associated with tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. (cancerindex.org)
  • Transwell migration, cell cycle analysis, MTT and colony formation assays were performed to determine the effect of DRAM2 overexpression and knockdown on NSCLC-cell migration and proliferation. (cancerindex.org)
  • Additionally, DRAM2 overexpression promoted cell metastasis and proliferation in vitro, while knockdown of DRAM2 expression yielded opposite result. (cancerindex.org)
  • These cells are the original precursors of various cells in a tumor, whereas other intratumoral cells are limited in terms of their potential for proliferation and pluripotent differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell proliferation and invasion were assayed using the kidney cell lines HEK293 with wild-type p53 and a ccRCC cell line MZ1257RC mutated for p53. (frontiersin.org)
  • HEK293 cells demonstrated a restriction of ERV-K113 env expression and invasion with no changes in proliferation in the absence of Aza. (frontiersin.org)
  • There is clonal proliferation of malignant hematopoietic stem cells, dysregulated cellular differentiation, and compromised tissue function. (standardofcare.com)
  • Cell proliferation involves the replication of all cellular contents with the required energy for this to happen. (hindawi.com)
  • To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
  • This activation is necessary for both cell proliferation as well as glucose uptake and use. (hindawi.com)
  • In vitro proliferation of haemopoietic cells in the presence of adherent cell layers. (tno.nl)
  • The culture system, in which a marrow-derived adherent cell population, established in vitro, exerts a long-term promoting influence on proliferation of haemopoietic cells, is reproduced. (tno.nl)
  • Mouse bone marrow-derived adherent cell populations promoted proliferation of haemopoietic cells in vitro in a liquid culture system for at least 4 weeks. (tno.nl)
  • decreased cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and induction of apoptosis. (123dok.net)
  • It was suggested that HOXD9 contributes to both cell proliferation and/or cell survival. (123dok.net)
  • HOXD9 siRNA treatment of SK-MG-1 SP cells resulted in reduced cell proliferation. (123dok.net)
  • Conclusions: Our results suggest that HOXD9 may be a novel marker of GCSCs and cell proliferation and/or survival factor in gliomas and glioma cancer stem-like cells, and a potential therapeutic target. (123dok.net)
  • Homeobox proteins are master regulators of develop-ment and control many cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, cell shape, and cell migration. (123dok.net)
  • FAs are structures composed of clustered transmembrane proteins called integrins that bind to the extracellular matrix and link to the actin cytoskeleton and control cell migration, proliferation, survival and differentiation (Gardel et al. (bio2009.org)
  • The proliferation and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells give rise to progeny that can populate the entire immunologic and hematopoietic systems through committed progenitors of both the lymphoid and myeloid lineages. (medscape.com)
  • Progenitors are obtained by so-called direct reprogramming or directed differentiation and are also called induced somatic stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • This meant that the cells can change their differentiation pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • In Drosophila imaginal discs, cells have to choose from a limited number of standard discrete differentiation states. (wikipedia.org)
  • The fact that transdetermination (change of the path of differentiation) often occurs for a group of cells rather than single cells shows that it is induced rather than part of maturation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aside from the promise of using hPSC-derived cells for cell replacement therapies there (+)-Corynoline is great potential of using hPSCs for modeling lineage decisions during differentiation and studying disease-relevant phenotypes that ENG are manifested at the cellular level. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • Our scientists have developed a wide array of stem cell-focused reagents and resources for many applications including flow cytometry , western blotting , ELISAs , and recombinant proteins for cell differentiation. (biolegend.com)
  • RUNX1 is also required for the differentiation of CD8+, Th17, and regulatory T cells. (biolegend.com)
  • These findings revealed that RUNX1 acts as a tumor suppressor for myeloid leukemia and is crucial for the development and terminal differentiation of several blood cell lineages 2,3 . (biolegend.com)
  • Stem cells are not specialized and the process of their specialization is called differentiation. (benthamscience.com)
  • In addition, normal adult stem cells (ASCs) self-renew, proliferate infinitely, have a multidirectional differentiation potential, similar to that of tumor cells, and can transform more easily into tumor stem cells than non-stem cells [ 20 , 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • I would no avoid to learn my NRE cells to RFC as they are lower process of differentiation and no affect overcome a planning page. (cutechabeads.com)
  • In vivo differentiation to cells from all three germlines was tested using a teratoma assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In vitro differentiation of GS-2 iPSCs into hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells was done using Op9 feeder layers and specified media. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Differentiation capacity into cells from all three germ layers was confirmed using the teratoma assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Soen Y, Mori A, Palmer TD, Brown PO "Exploring the regulation of human neural precursor cell differentiation using arrays of signaling microenvironments. (openwetware.org)
  • Long-term clonal culturing of organoids from Lgr5 stem cells. (hubrecht.eu)
  • Cancer A clonal growth (cells all descended from one ancestral cell) that undergo continuing mitotic divisions and are not inhibited in their growth when they come in contact with neighboring cells (contact inhibition). (agemed.org)
  • The myelodysplasia syndromes (MDSs) are clonal stem cell disorders characterized by progressive cytopenia or cytopenias, usually in the presence of a hypercellular bone marrow and multilineage dysplasia. (medscape.com)
  • Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) occurs when a pluripotent stem cell undergoes malignant transformation and clonal myeloproliferation, leading to a striking overproduction of mature and immature granulocytes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The roles of clonal hematopoiesis, RNA-binding proteins, and alterations in metabolism and cell signaling (e.g. (cshlpress.com)
  • Criteria for diagnosis of MDS consist of anemia, thrombocytopenia, or neutropenia that persist for six months or longer, dysplasia greater than 10% in at least one bone marrow cell lineage, and MDS associated clonal cytogenetic abnormalities or molecular markers. (standardofcare.com)
  • The mutation occurs in hematopoetic stem cells capable of self renewal and additional mutations are associated with clonal progression may occur in progenitor cells conferring a self renewal capability. (standardofcare.com)
  • CloneSeq - Single-cell clonal 3D culture and analysis protocol. (ilexlife.com)
  • 3-D Life hydrogels and accessories are used in this CloneSeq protocol which combines clonal expansion inside 3D hydrogel spheres and droplet-based RNA sequencing to resolve the limited sensitivity of single-cell approaches. (ilexlife.com)
  • These epithelial organoid cultures are genetically and phenotypically extremely stable, allowing transplantation of the cultured offspring of a single stem cell, as well as disease modeling by growing organoids directly from diseased patient tissues (32, 47, 53). (hubrecht.eu)
  • At least two lumens are necessary because most children proceed to stem cell transplantation, in which intensity of treatment and blood product support necessitate multilumen vascular access. (medscape.com)
  • Myelosuppressive drugs (eg, hydroxyurea ), stem cell transplantation, and interferon alfa are also sometimes used. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Studies have increasingly focused on the potential therapeutic effects of stem cell transplantation for neurological diseases [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • this limitation has been overcome via ectopic expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic component of telomerase, to produce large quantities of these cells as an attractive source for cellular transplantation [ 16 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Multiple research groups have developed artificial mitochondrial transfer/transplantation (AMT/T) methods that transfer healthy mitochondria into damaged cells and recover cellular function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The reversible transformation of cells of one differentiated cell type to another is called metaplasia. (wikipedia.org)
  • One example is the transformation of iris cells to lens cells in the process of maturation and transformation of retinal pigment epithelium cells into the neural retina during regeneration in adult newt eyes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we will discuss the current insights and ideas regarding mutant RUNX1 in the context of malignant transformation of iBMFs, taking SCN as the leading example. (molcells.org)
  • raising the question how these CSF3R mutants contribute to the malignant transformation of SCN. (molcells.org)
  • Can precancerous stem cells be risk markers for malignant transformation in the oral mucosa? (biomedcentral.com)
  • Predicting malignant transformation in potentially malignant oral illnesses would allow for focused treatment, prognosis, and secondary prevention. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, malignant transformation cannot be accurately predicted in individual patients using either technique [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The contributors review the normal functions of hematopoietic stem cells-the precursors to white blood cells-and then examine the genetic, epigenetic, and cellular mechanisms that drive malignant transformation. (cshlpress.com)
  • How selective are agar cultures for malignant transformation? (tno.nl)
  • The occurrence of TP53 mutations in late-stage PanINs has led to the idea that p53 acts to suppress malignant transformation of PanINs to PDAC. (uni-saarland.de)
  • They are classified as either totipotent (iTC), pluripotent (iPSC) or progenitor (multipotent - iMSC, also called an induced multipotent progenitor cell - iMPC) or unipotent - (iUSC) according to their developmental potential and degree of dedifferentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Specifically, we will briefly summarize and discuss our most recent insights into these issues based on observations in patients, mouse- and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-models. (molcells.org)
  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) express genes associated with pluripotency, have the capacity for infinite expansion, and can differentiate into cells from all three germ layers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All GS-2 iPSC clones displayed a normal karyotype (46XX or 46XY) and were shown to express the same RAB27A gene mutation that was present in the original somatic donor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using the lentiviral transfer of OSKM, we were able to generate different iPSC clones from 3 GS-2 patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Especially in cases where sufficient cells cannot be obtained due to the rarity of the disorder, iPSC models have shown great potential in providing research material to develop new treatments or diagnostics, but also to study the pathophysiology of the diseases [ 10 , 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In mammals, physiological Wnt signaling is intimately involved with the biology of adult stem cells and self-renewing tissues (18,19). (hubrecht.eu)
  • Systems toxicology, therefore, aims at understanding and exploring the way that different biological components are orchestrated as an ensemble in cells, tissues, and organisms. (brill.com)
  • This means they cannot be changed into different cell tissues. (vumc.org)
  • Octamer-binding protein 4 (Oct-4) is a molecular marker for stem cells that plays an essential role in maintaining pluripotency and self-renewal processes in various types of benign and malignant tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Results: In this study, we found high expression of the HOXD9 gene transcript in glioma cell lines and human glioma tissues by quantitative real-time PCR. (123dok.net)
  • The wide range of manifestations observed in patients with mitochondrial disease results from varying fractions of abnormal mtDNA molecules in different cells and tissues, a phenomenon termed heteroplasmy. (jci.org)
  • However, the landscape of heteroplasmy across cell types within tissues and its influence on phenotype expression in affected patients remains largely unexplored. (jci.org)
  • The researchers were able to identify the minimal conditions and factors that would be sufficient for starting the cascade of molecular and cellular processes to instruct pluripotent cells to organize the embryo. (wikipedia.org)
  • They showed that opposing gradients of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Nodal, two transforming growth factor family members that act as morphogens, are sufficient to induce molecular and cellular mechanisms required to organize, in vivo or in vitro, uncommitted cells of the zebrafish blastula animal pole into a well-developed embryo. (wikipedia.org)
  • CSCs represent a heterogeneous tumor cell population and lack specific cellular targets, which makes it a great challenge to target and eradicate them. (oaepublish.com)
  • In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
  • Together with mapping of disease-related genes, this transcriptomic mapping of the developing human spinal cord opens new avenues for interrogating the cellular basis of motor control in humans and guides human stem cell-based models of disease. (uni-saarland.de)
  • Typically, immune cells detect the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) presented on infected cell surfaces, triggering cytokine release, causing apoptosis. (issca.us)
  • Apoptosis Programmed Cell Death (PCD). (agemed.org)
  • Signals to trigger apoptosis may come from within the cell or from outside, by stimulating suicide receptors in the cell's external membrane. (agemed.org)
  • Internal signals producing apoptosis depend on interactions of several proteins and may serve to protect the organism from cancer by killing cells that have pre-cancerous changes. (agemed.org)
  • Substantial data have provided convincing evidence establishing that human cancers emerge from cancer stem cells (CSCs), which display self-renewal and are resistant to anticancer drugs, radiation, and apoptosis, and express enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal progression. (oaepublish.com)
  • The MDS cell of origin is a hematopoetic stem cell that proliferates and escapes apoptosis. (standardofcare.com)
  • A successful therapy must therefore eliminate these cells known to be highly resistant to apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
  • Accelerated hematopoietic cell apoptosis has been demonstrated in virtually all IBMFS. (medscape.com)
  • Induced totipotent cells can be obtained by reprogramming somatic cells with somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). (wikipedia.org)
  • Another approach is to reset a somatic cell to a pluripotent state by exposing its nucleus to exogenous transacting factors. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • This is currently achieved by three methods: somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) cell fusion and direct reprogramming by defined transcription factors. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (also known as iPS cells or iPSCs) are a type of pluripotent stem cell that can be generated directly from a somatic cell. (issca.us)
  • Differentiated airway epithelial cells can revert into stable and functional stem cells in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mucous lining of the LARYNX, consisting of various types of epithelial cells ranging from stratified squamous EPITHELIUM in the upper larynx to ciliated columnar epithelium in the rest of the larynx, mucous GOBLET CELLS, and glands containing both mucous and serous cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • Sääf AM, Halbleib JM, Chen X, Tsan Yuen S, Yi Leung S, Nelson WJ, Brown PO "Parallels between Global Transcriptional Programs of Polarizing Caco-2 Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro and Gene Expression Programs in Normal and Colon Cancer. (openwetware.org)
  • were used in the development of a human immunocompetent Organ-on-Chip - a human cell-based in vitro model of the choroid layer of the eye integrating melanocytes and microvascular endothelial cells, covered by a layer of retinal pigmented epithelial cells. (ilexlife.com)
  • Some types of mature, specialized adult cells can naturally revert to stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • For instance, multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells are stress-tolerant adult human stem cells that can self-renew. (wikipedia.org)
  • Introduction Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can self-renew indefinitely in culture while maintaining the potential to differentiate into all cell lineages of an adult organism. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • The Organoid group, previously Clevers group, studies the molecular mechanisms of tissue development and cancer of various organs using organoids made from adult Lgr5 stem cells. (hubrecht.eu)
  • We were the first to link Wnt signaling with adult stem cell biology, when we showed that TCF4 gene disruption leads to the abolition of crypts of the small intestine (8), and that TCF1 gene knockout severely disables the stem cell compartment of the thymus (2). (hubrecht.eu)
  • Stem cells are unique due to their ability to limitlessly self-renew and differentiate into each cell type in the adult body. (biolegend.com)
  • This process gets rid of unneeded cells and is particularly important for "sculpting" tissue and organ structure during development of the embryo (or larval metamorphosis in insects), but may occur at any time even in adult cells when a tissue needs to be remodeled. (agemed.org)
  • Advantages and Disadvantages of Adult Stem Cells. (vumc.org)
  • However, obtaining primary neuronal cells from adult tissue is difficult and faces major ethical issues in clinical practice. (hindawi.com)
  • [3] Today, patients take insulin shots and pharmaceuticals to control their diabetes, and adult stem cell transplants have shown success at ameliorating the condition. (lozierinstitute.org)
  • [5] Conditions such as anemias and immunodeficiencies, for which fetal tissue attempts largely failed, are now treated routinely with adult stem cells, including umbilical cord blood stem cells, [6] even while the patient is still in the womb. (lozierinstitute.org)
  • Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer unique opportunities for studying human biology modeling diseases and for therapeutic applications. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • The study of biology of stem cells is the hallmark of the recent emerging field of regenerative medicine and medical biotechnology. (benthamscience.com)
  • With a industrial web at Princeton, Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology welcomes amount cells from the Departments of Molecular Biology, Engineering, Physics and Genomics that owe a new doubt in funneling courses of major , direct factors and page. (cutechabeads.com)
  • In newts, muscle tissue is regenerated from specialized muscle cells that dedifferentiate and forget the type of cell they had been. (wikipedia.org)
  • These cells represent the epithelial stem cells of the small intestine and colon (23), the hair follicle (24), the stomach (28) and many other tissue stem cell types. (hubrecht.eu)
  • ZO-2 and ZO-3 are ubiquitously expressed within epithelial tight junctions, and unlike ZO-1, which is also expressed at cell junctions of cardiac myocytes, ZO-2 is not expressed in nonepithelial tissue. (thermofisher.com)
  • Errors arising in stem and progenitor cells have a much greater influence on the tissue in which they are found than errors arising in postmitotic differentiated cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although endometriosis is known as a benign disease, it has demonstrated characteristics of malignant neoplasms, including neoangiogenesis, tissue invasion, and cell implantation to distant organs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Retrograde menstruation is the most widely hypothesized cause for the implantation of endometrial tissue in the peritoneal cavity and the survival of endometrial cells [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a distinct group of cells within cancerous tissue that possess the ability to initiate tumorigenesis and exhibit potency, self-renewal, and drug resistance. (bmrat.org)
  • Typically, rapidly proliferating tumor cells have glycolytic rates up to 200 times higher than those of their normal tissue of origin, even in the presence of oxygen [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Here, we identify nonrandom distribution of a pathogenic mtDNA variant across a complex tissue using single-cell RNA-Seq, mitochondrial single-cell ATAC sequencing, and multimodal single-cell sequencing. (jci.org)
  • Klapholz-Brown Z, Walmsley GG, Nusse YM, Nusse R, Brown PO "Transcriptional program induced by wnt protein in human fibroblasts suggests mechanisms for cell cooperativity in defining tissue microenvironments. (openwetware.org)
  • Pluripotent stem cells could provide an estimable source of T lymphocytes, but the therapeutic potential of human pluripotent stem cell-derived lymphoid cells generated to date remains uncertain. (issca.us)
  • Although human HSCs as vehicles to treat metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) has been used to treat patients with early onset MLD in a phase I/II trial, the HSCs give rise to all different blood cell lineages, such as the myeloid and lymphoid cell lineages [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • CCDC88C-FLT3 gene fusion in CD34-positive haematopoietic stem and multilineage cells in myeloid/lymphoid neoplasm with eosinophilia. (u-tokyo-hemat.com)
  • Progress in adoptive T-cell therapy for cancer and infectious diseases is hampered by the lack of readily available antigen-specific, human T lymphocytes. (issca.us)
  • CML ensues when an abnormal pluripotent hematopoietic progenitor cell initiates excessive production of all myeloid lineage cells, primarily in the bone marrow but also in extramedullary sites (eg, spleen, liver). (msdmanuals.com)
  • The cancer stem cell (CSC) paradigm emerged from investigating a subpopulation of less-differentiated CD34+/CD38- cells possessing stem cell-like renewal ability and robust malignant-initiating capacity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [ 1 ] . (oaepublish.com)
  • A heterogenous group of myeloid disorders characterized by somatically mutated hematopoietic stem cells,the presence of variable peripheral cytopenias, and a broad risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). (standardofcare.com)
  • Flow cytometry was used to measure the uptake of adriamycin (AM) and daunomycin (DM) by various cell types of the haemopoietic organs and by acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. (tno.nl)
  • However, the derivation of human NT-ESCs goes with the destruction of clone embryos, leading to fierce ethical disputes. (benthamscience.com)
  • Therapies that contains such chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have been approved for some types of so-called liquid cancers of the blood and bone marrow, large B-cell lymphoma and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (issca.us)
  • These include hundreds of abnormal gene silencing events, patterns of aberrant responses to epigenetic-modifying drugs resembling those for cancer cells, and presence in iPS and partially reprogrammed cells of cancer-specific gene promoter DNA methylation alterations. (issca.us)
  • They form characteristic cell clusters in suspension culture that express a set of genes associated with pluripotency and can differentiate into endodermal, ectodermal and mesodermal cells both in vitro and in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lgr5 resides in Wnt receptor complexes and mediates signaling of the Wnt-agonistic R-spondins (31), explaining the unique dependence of Lgr5 stem cells on secreted R-spondins in vivo and in vitro. (hubrecht.eu)
  • With the recent advances in human-cell cultivation techniques, allowing in vivo -like in vitro long-term functionality, there is a shift in focus towards the mechanistic details of the adverse effects "over time" aimed at a better understanding of the dynamics of biological processes. (brill.com)
  • In vitro methods, based on human primary cells, cell lines, and genetically modified reporter cell lines, have greatly expanded the scope of in vitro toxicology. (brill.com)
  • In vitro assays that permit cloning of tumour cells in soft agar have been improved during the last 5 years. (tno.nl)
  • Adherent cells from mouse bone marrow have been shown to promote the in vitro growth of the AVRij-1 tumour cell line. (tno.nl)
  • While many methods have been developed to screen and evaluate the efficacy of immune cell‑mediated killing, there is a need for a more robust in vitro assay to accurately predict the in vivo behavior of therapies. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Furthermore, the EphA2 inhibitor ALW-II-41-27 could effectively reduce EphA2 pS897 and tumor cell stemness in vitro and significantly enhance the sensitivity of xenografts to the chemotherapeutic drugs PTX and DDP in vivo . (ijbs.com)
  • were used to establish a 3D organotypic in vitro model containing microtumor spheroids, macrophages, neutrophils, fibroblasts and endothelial cells, allowing for the analysis of tumor-stroma interactions in a controlled and modifiable environment. (ilexlife.com)
  • Use of hiPSCs circumvents the ethical controversies associated with hESCs or nt-hESCs and as one can easily generate hiPSCs that match the genetic background of any individual this offers an ideal platform for cell replacement therapy and disease modeling. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • Cells require three to six genetic mutations to become carcinogenic, and these accumulate over time [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • It is the outcome of many factors, including the cross-talk between tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment and the acquisition and accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in tumor cells. (molcells.org)
  • HCC heterogeneity is believed to be the outcome of combinatorial effects, including the acquisition of genetic and epigenetic alterations in tumor cells, the cross-talk of cells within the tumor microenvironment, as well as the existence of a cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation that has the ability to self-renew and differentiate. (molcells.org)
  • Figure 1 Sources of pluripotent Stem Cells Table 1 Molecular and functional assays to assess the developmental potential of PSCs. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • Using genome-wide assays, we identify cancer-related epigenetic abnormalities that arise early during reprogramming and persist in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) clones. (issca.us)
  • While the data provided by these assays help piece together an understanding of different facets of immune cell‑mediated killing, it is important to note that the parameters being reported often do not correlate with target cell killing efficacy in vivo. (technologynetworks.com)
  • SCNT allows generating ESCs (ntESC) from cloned embryos obtained through injection of a somatic nucleus into an enucleated oocyte. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • Under such circumstances, the idea of "therapeutic cloning" was proposed, indicating the generation of ESCs from SCNT embryos for therapeutic purpose. (benthamscience.com)
  • The Tcf4-driven target gene program in colorectal cancer cells is the malignant counterpart of a physiological gene program in selfrenewing crypts (13, 14). (hubrecht.eu)
  • Amongst the intestinal Wnt target genes (13), we found the Gpr49/Lgr5 gene to be unique in that it marks small cycling cells at crypt bottoms. (hubrecht.eu)
  • The Wnt target gene encoding the transcription factor Achaete scute-like 2 controls intestinal stem cell state (26). (hubrecht.eu)
  • The capability of these cells to differentiate depends on the stem cell type, the regulation of gene expression by various transcription factors and interaction with the stem cell niche 1,4 . (biolegend.com)
  • RUNX1 regulates CD4 gene transcription during multiple stages of T cell development and represses the CD4 gene in CD4-CD8- (double negative) T cells. (biolegend.com)
  • Eventually he cloned the GFP gene, but gave up on work to express the gene in mammalian cells. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • At the same time, we already provide customers with high quality gene-editing tools for cell or animal research worldwide. (ubigene.us)
  • Bone marrow stem cells, including the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), are being considered as potential targets for cell and gene therapy-based approaches against a variety of different diseases. (hindawi.com)
  • Griscelli syndrome type 2 (GS-2) is a rare, autosomal recessive immune deficiency syndrome caused by a mutation in the RAB27A gene, which results in the absence of a protein involved in vesicle trafficking and consequent loss of function of in particular cytotoxic T and NK cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The HOXD9 gene was highly expressed in a side population (SP) of SK-MG-1 cells that was previously identified as an enriched-cell fraction of glioma cancer stem-like cells. (123dok.net)
  • Palmer C, Diehn M, Alizadeh AA, Brown PO "Cell-type specific gene expression profiles of leukocytes in human peripheral blood. (openwetware.org)
  • Ubigene exclusive KO Cell Line Bank, over 5000 KO cell lines, covering thousands of genes from 8 popular signaling pathways and nearly 100 diseases. (ubigene.us)
  • Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
  • The regulation of the stem cell-like properties by several important signaling pathways have been found to endow the tumor cells with an increased level of tumorigenicity, chemoresistance, and metastatic ability. (molcells.org)
  • Human embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells are the stem cells of teratocarcinomas, and they are key components of germ cell tumors (GCTs). (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Sidebar Culture-derived Pluripotent Stem Cell lines Embryonal carcinoma cells (ECCs): derived from mouse teratocarcinomas these are the first PSC lines generated. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • Culture adaptation leads to cells with enhanced growth characteristics and sometimes to embryonal carcinoma cells malignant ES cells that have lost the ability to differentiate. (vumc.org)
  • hESCs can be generated by SCNT using dermal fibroblasts nuclei from both a middle-aged 35-year-old male and an elderly, 75-year-old male, suggesting that age-associated changes are not necessarily an impediment to SCNT-based nuclear reprogramming of human cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The microenvironment, consisting of lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial elements, and stroma in which hematopoietic cells reside, creates a regulatory niche that determines the local area network. (medscape.com)
  • Two other Wnt target genes, RNF43 and ZNRF3, encode stem cell-specific E3 ligases that downregulate Wnt receptors in a negative feedback loop (35). (hubrecht.eu)
  • The underphosphorylated, active form of Rb interacts directly with E2F1 , leading to cell cycle arrest, while the hyperphosphorylated form decouples from E2F1, thus promoting the transcription of genes promoting entry into the S phase. (biolegend.com)
  • Using our recently established haploid human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), we generated a genome-wide loss-of-function library targeting 18,166 protein-coding genes to define the essential genes in hPSCs. (nature.com)
  • hPSC-enriched essential genes mainly encode transcription factors and proteins related to cell-cycle and DNA-repair, revealing that a quarter of the nuclear factors are essential for normal growth. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 2: Analysis of cell-essential genes. (nature.com)
  • Cells become cancerous by accumulating, stepwise, a series of several mutations that alter the function of genes important for cell growth. (agemed.org)
  • Ubigene has modified over 5000 genes from more than 200 cell lines with our exclusive innovation CRISPR-U™ technology. (ubigene.us)
  • The precise pathophysiology of inherited single cell and multilineage cytopenias has not been elucidated despite the identification of many of the genes mutated in these disorders. (medscape.com)
  • Based on these combined insights, we have established Lgr5/R-spondin-based culture systems that allow the outgrowth of single mouse or human Lgr5 stem cells into ever-expanding organoids. (hubrecht.eu)
  • SCNT and experiments involving fusions between PSCs and somatic cells (Figure 1 (g)) demonstrate that factors present in the egg and in PSCs have the ability to reset somatic nuclei to a pluripotent state 7. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • Molecular characterization has allowed for further refinement of the condition's classification and is now an integral part of the diagnosis of malignant glioma. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Functional analysis of HOXD9 in human gliomas and glioma cancer stem cells. (123dok.net)
  • Finally, we cultured human glioma cancer stem cells (GCSCs) from patient specimens found with high expression of HOXD9 in GCSCs compared with normal astrocyte cells and neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). (123dok.net)
  • In glioma CSC (GCSC), the expression of some neural stem markers, such as SOX2 and Musa-shi-1, has been reported[6,7]. (123dok.net)
  • We speculate that precancerous stem cells (pCSCs) arise during the evolution of carcinomas based on long-term experimental findings, published literature, and the cancer stem cell (CSC) theory, wherein pCSCs exist in precancerous lesions and have characteristics of both CSCs and normal stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Studying such mechanisms not only provides mechanistic insights into these cells that are unresponsive to drugs, but may lead to the development of targeted and effective therapeutics to eradicate CSCs. (oaepublish.com)
  • The biological importance of activation targets of Nanog, Oct4, SOX-2, and c-Myc in CSCs, which are more frequently overexpressed in poorly differentiated tumors than in well-differentiated tumors, has been shown by correlating signature characteristics of these cells and poor survival [ 3 ] . (oaepublish.com)
  • The study of CSCs often encounters challenges in obtaining these cells of interest or generating a sufficient quantity for downstream analysis. (bmrat.org)
  • called either cancer stem cells (CSCs) or tumor-initiat-ing cells[3]. (123dok.net)
  • Transcription factors have an important role in the ability of a cell to self-renew and also differentiate into most cell types, also known as pluripotency 1 . (biolegend.com)
  • Stem cells differentiate into many specialized cells and are therefore of interest in chronic conditions for which treatment is limited. (vumc.org)
  • Currently, it is generally recognized that tumor stem cells are responsible for the occurrence and progression of tumors. (ijbs.com)
  • 2010 ). The majority of SCN patients with leukemic progression show the appearance of hematopoietic clones with somatic mutations in CSF3R , resulting in a truncated form of CSF3R with defective internalization and aberrant signaling properties ( Touw, 2015 ). (molcells.org)
  • Persistent stem cells in the oral epithelium of adults are the only cells that can accumulate sufficient mutations for OSCC to develop [ 18 , 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The clone has a advantage provided by the somatic genetics change with driver mutations. (standardofcare.com)
  • use but also to our understanding of the molecular basis of cell identity pluripotency and plasticity. (hiv-proteases.com)
  • In APC-deficient colon carcinoma cells, we demonstrated that ß-catenin accumulates and is constitutively complexed with the TCF family member TCF4, providing a molecular explanation for the initiation of colon cancer (5). (hubrecht.eu)
  • Independent origins of fetal liver haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. (u-tokyo-hemat.com)
  • Komor, Badran and Liu, 2017 ) have opened up tremendous opportunities for the development of cell lines, especially those of human origin ( Tobita, Guzman-Lepe and de L'Hortet, 2015 ). (brill.com)
  • Here we measure clone dynamics in human cancers by using computational modeling of subclonal selection and theoretical population genetics applied to high-throughput sequencing data. (nature.com)
  • In a recent report,95 human ES cells were shown to express low levels of MHC class I proteins. (vumc.org)
  • It is not possible to save the embryo when these cells are harvested from it, which ends the potential future viability of human life. (vumc.org)
  • The use of human telomerase reverse transcriptase-immortalized bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hTERT-BMSCs) as vehicles to deliver antinociceptive galanin (GAL) molecules into pain-processing centers represents a novel cell therapy strategy for pain management. (hindawi.com)
  • The human body is made up of about 220 different kinds of specialized cells such as nerve cells, muscle cells, fat cells and skin cells. (benthamscience.com)
  • Single-cell transcriptomic landscape of the developing human spinal cord. (uni-saarland.de)
  • Here we transcriptomically profiled the midgestation human spinal cord with single-cell resolution and discovered remarkable heterogeneity across and within cell types. (uni-saarland.de)
  • We also integrated our data with multiple existing datasets of the developing human spinal cord spanning 22 weeks of gestation to investigate the cell diversity over time. (uni-saarland.de)
  • Andersen, Thom and colleagues reveal the single-cell-resolution transcriptome of the midgestation human spinal cord and discover remarkable heterogeneity across and within cell types. (uni-saarland.de)
  • Recently, some Approved cell therapies for Cancer also rely on modifying T cells, in those cases to produce cancer cell-binding chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), and have been effective in treating certain cancers such as leukemia. (issca.us)
  • Leukemia and lymphoma are cancers that affect white blood cells. (cshlpress.com)
  • Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the ten most common cancers for men and women with an approximate 75% overall 5-year survival. (frontiersin.org)
  • Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous group of tumors, of which basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is a type of most malignant breast cancer, accounting for 10-20% of all breast cancers [ 2 ] . (ijbs.com)
  • In a first clinical trial, a natural killer cell immunotherapy derived from induced pluripotent stem cells is being tested for safety in 64 patients with a variety of solid tumors. (issca.us)
  • Researchers are hopeful that the clinical trial can help determine which cancer patients could benefit the most from NK cell treatment. (issca.us)
  • We then outline preclinical approaches that employ CAR-NK cells for GB immunotherapy, and give an overview on the ongoing clinical development of ErbB2 (HER2)-specific CAR-NK cells currently applied in a phase I clinical trial in glioblastoma patients. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, KLF5 was proven to be a direct transcription factor for EphA2 in BLBC cells, and its expression was positively correlated in clinical samples from breast cancer patients. (ijbs.com)
  • Because they can propagate indefinitely, as well as give rise to every other cell type in the body (such as neurons, heart, pancreatic, and liver cells), they represent a single source of cells that could be used to replace those lost to damage or disease. (issca.us)
  • Stem cell transplant timing is determined on a case-by-case basis because the temporal course of the disease is highly variable. (medscape.com)
  • These cells can be used in future studies for the development of novel treatment options and to study the pathophysiology of GS-2 disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When the bone marrow hematopoietic cells are mostly clonally derived cells, the disease is clinically manifested as cytopenia and morphologic dysplasia. (standardofcare.com)
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a highly malignant disease and the third leading cause of all cancer mortalities worldwide, often responses poorly to current treatments and results in dismal outcomes due to frequent chemoresistance and tumor relapse. (molcells.org)
  • A review is presented of the experiments that resulted in the identification of a specific morphologic entity representing the pluripotential hemopoietic stem cell (HSC) in mouse bone marrow. (tno.nl)
  • The experiments presented here suggest that the adherent cells involved in this phenomenon are the progeny of bone marrow derived fibroblastoid colony forming units. (tno.nl)
  • The etiology of bone marrow failure (BMF) includes defective stem/progenitor cells and/or stroma/accessory cells/growth factors, as well as deficient nonspecific nutrients or, as in the case of acquired aplastic anemia, immune-mediated abnormalities. (medscape.com)
  • Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) are usually the result of intrinsic stem cell/progenitor defects. (medscape.com)
  • All neuroectoderm-derived neural cells exhibited a high percentage of the mutant variant. (jci.org)
  • Although the incidence is lower than that of other malignant tumors, it is often accompanied by local invasion and distant metastasis during diagnosis and treatment, and the overall 5-year survival rate is only 50-55% [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Intercellular mitochondrial transfer can be regarded as an extension of intracellular mitochondrial movement or intercellular communication, which undoubtedly increases the mtDNA content of the recipient cells and restores the respiration and survival of the recipient cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. (hindawi.com)
  • A variety of nontumorigenic stem cells display the ability to generate multiple cell types. (wikipedia.org)
  • RUNX1-deficient mice fail to generate hematopoietic stem cells. (biolegend.com)
  • Furthermore, similar to T cells, specific recognition and elimination of cancer cells by NK cells can be markedly enhanced through expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which provides an opportunity to generate NK-cell therapeutics of defined specificity for cancer immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
  • Since 2015, more than 3,000 articles were published on studies using crispr /Cas9 genome editing, including more than 900 articles using the technology in mammalian cells (PubMed, accessed June 11, 2017). (brill.com)
  • In addition to intracellular mitochondrial movement, intercellular mitochondrial transfer between mammalian cells has recently been discovered. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These cell populations provide platforms to develop new cell-based therapies to treat both malignant and nonmalignant hematological diseases. (issca.us)
  • Cancer cells often spread (or metastasize ) throughout the body by way of the bloodstream or lymphatic vessels to form tumors in new locations beyond the primary site of origin. (agemed.org)
  • According to the hypothesis, only a small group of stem cell-like tumor cells can form new tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While GB tumors are frequently infiltrated by natural killer (NK) cells, these are actively suppressed by the GB cells and the GB tumor microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
  • Gliomas, especially glioblastomas (GBMs), are the most malignant primary brain tumors[1]. (123dok.net)
  • Cancer immunotherapies can be divided into four major categories: - Cytokines/immunomodulation agents - Monoclonal antibodies - Cell‑based therapies - Oncolytic viruses Though monoclonal antibodies currently represent the largest class of commercialized cancer immunotherapies, cell‑based therapies are rapidly making headway. (technologynetworks.com)
  • This class of personalized therapies involves collecting immune cells from an individual, engineering them to recognize and kill cancer cells, before culturing, and reintroducing them into the same individual. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Nevertheless, ex vivo activation with cytokines can restore cytolytic activity of NK cells against GB, indicating that NK cells have potential for adoptive immunotherapy of GB if potent cytotoxicity can be maintained in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
  • 4 xCELLigence real-time cell analysis 6 Diverse cancer immunotherapy applications 6 How does the xCELLigence real-time cell analysis assay work? (technologynetworks.com)
  • Antisera directed against histocompatibility-2 antigens of the mouse suppress the formation of spleen colonies by pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells. (tno.nl)
  • CD44 is a multifunctional cell surface adhesion molecule that acts as an integral cell membrane protein and plays a role in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A group of cells with high expression of CD44 high /CD24 low or ALDH + in breast cancer are considered to be breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) [ 6 ] . (ijbs.com)
  • Here, we discuss effects of the GB tumor microenvironment on NK-cell functionality, summarize early treatment attempts with ex vivo activated NK cells, and describe relevant CAR target antigens validated with CAR-T cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Therefore, investigations on testing and maintaining the integrity of genomic DNA within precancerous stem cells (pCSCs), which are within the framework of the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis, are necessary. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, there is accumulating evidence in recent years to show that the malignancy of HCC can be attributed partly to the presence of cancer stem cell (CSC). (molcells.org)