• Protocols for hepatocyte differentiation from iPS cells have been studied. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It was hypothesized that the addition of glucose and galactose promoted hepatocyte differentiation of iPS cell. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Life depends on constant replenishment of human body cells with new cells created by differentiation of adult stem cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • As Type D cells die from trauma or apoptosis they are replaced by new cells resulting from differentiation of Type B and Type C cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • This is due to the lack of expression of cell cycle inhibitors, which ultimately determines naïve pluripotency by holding back differentiation. (upf.edu)
  • Despite different origin, all pluripotent lines demonstrate considerable similarity of the major biological properties: active self-renewal and differentiation into various somatic and germ cells in vitro and in vivo, similar gene expression profiles, and similar cell cycle structure. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Our scientists have developed a wide array of stem cell-focused reagents and resources for many applications including flow cytometry , western blotting , ELISAs , and recombinant proteins for cell differentiation. (biolegend.com)
  • RUNX1 is also required for the differentiation of CD8+, Th17, and regulatory T cells. (biolegend.com)
  • These findings revealed that RUNX1 acts as a tumor suppressor for myeloid leukemia and is crucial for the development and terminal differentiation of several blood cell lineages 2,3 . (biolegend.com)
  • Growth factors (also known as trophic factors) bind to cell-surface receptors to initiate signaling pathways that result in the growth and differentiation of numerous different cell types. (tocris.com)
  • Growth factors initiate numerous different signaling cascades in order to regulate cell differentiation and proliferation. (tocris.com)
  • Written by Kirsty E. Clarke, Victoria B. Christie, Andy Whiting and Stefan A. Przyborski, this review provides an overview of the use of small molecules in the control of stem cell growth and differentiation. (tocris.com)
  • Written by Rebecca Quelch and Stefan Przyborski from Durham University (UK), this poster describes the isolation of pluripotent stem cells, their maintenance in culture, differentiation, and the generation and potential uses of organoids. (tocris.com)
  • Our Stem Cells review gives an overview of the use of small molecules in the control of stem cell growth & differentiation and somatic cell reprogramming. (tocris.com)
  • and cell differentiation ( SOX2 and TGFB3 ) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. (hindawi.com)
  • An aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to cancer development and progression [ 6 , 7 ] and could affect their target genes that are involved in many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and development [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • It is involved in p53 pathways and is implicated in cell death/survival signaling, the cell cycle, and differentiation, thereby playing a regulatory role in carcinogenesis [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The ability to artificially simulate the 'mechanical' niche, broadly termed as Extracellular Matrix (ECM), of the bone marrow determines success for stem cell growth, architectural organization and differentiation viz. (brjnmims.org)
  • RNA sequencing analysis was performed on a total of 15 samples, including haploid and diploid human parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells at different differentiation states and cell cycle phases. (nih.gov)
  • Until now we've relied on studies in mice to understand human germ cell differentiation, but the reproductive genes are not the same. (sciencedaily.com)
  • When treated in this manner, about 2 percent of the differentiated human embryonic stem cells were haploid after 14 days of differentiation. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The models use isolated primary support cells cultured onto a biological scaffold and within a microfluidic system to create a niche and support the desired differentiation of epithelia, germ and somatic cells from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • whereas LREC in suprabasal epithelial layers are enriched for more committed progenitor cells, expressing some genes that are associated with stem cell attributes along with those indicative of cell differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
  • This dictates cycles of mammary growth, differentiation, lactation, and regression, during which mammary stem cells (MaSC) provide for the lineages of luminal and basal (myoepithelial) epithelial cells in the ducts and alveoli. (frontiersin.org)
  • This poster summarizes some key protocols demonstrating the use of small molecules across the stem cell workflow, from reprogramming, through self-renewal, storage and differentiation to verification. (tocris.com)
  • Professor Campbell was a cell biologist/embryologist with a research career spanning more than 30 years, the majority of which was in the field of cell growth and differentiation. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • His pioneering studies into cell-cycle control and cellular differentiation led to the programme of work at Roslin that gave birth to the first mammal to be cloned from adult cells - ie. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • 2015) . Jarid2 methylation via the PRC2 complex regulates H3K27me3 deposition during cell differentiation . (sdbonline.org)
  • Jarid2 methylation is shown to be important to promote PRC2 activity at a locus devoid of H3K27me3 and for the correct deposition of this mark during cell differentiation. (sdbonline.org)
  • α-Ketoglutarate Accelerates the Initial Differentiation of Primed Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. (neurotree.org)
  • Kim H, Lee G , Ganat Y , Papapetrou EP , Lipchina I , Socci ND, Sadelain M , Studer L . miR-371-3 expression predicts neural differentiation propensity in human pluripotent stem cells. (neurotree.org)
  • Single-molecule analysis reveals changes in the DNA replication program for the POU5F1 locus upon human embryonic stem cell differentiation. (neurotree.org)
  • Model simulations demonstrate that the low-Nanog state benefits cell differentiation through serving as an intermediate state to reduce the barrier of transition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our modeling results quantitatively show a dual role of Nanog during stem cell differentiation and reprogramming, and the importance of the intermediate state during cell state transitions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our approach offers a general method for analyzing key regulatory factors controlling cell differentiation and reprogramming. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Very few studies have addressed the functional roles of the bimodal heterogeneity of Nanog expression in the differentiation and specification process of stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One hypothesis based on these results is: During the stem cell differentiation process, the low-Nanog state of stem cell functions as the "gate-keeper" state. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This memory is passed along during the differentiation process to the target cell type, and can promote dedifferentiation to the original cell type. (grantome.com)
  • The goal of the proposed research is to understand the role of epigenetic factors in AMD pathology and the epigenetic changes associated with differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells to retinal pigment epithelium cells, to find an effective disease therapy. (grantome.com)
  • The members of the retinoblastoma family of pocket proteins, pRb, p107 and p130, are negative regulators of the cell cycle with tumor suppressor activity and with roles in differentiation. (oncotarget.com)
  • In the study Inactivation of PLK4-STIL Module Prevents Self-Renewal and Triggers p53-Dependent Differentiation in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells, Renzova and colleagues blocked the function of PLK4 or STIL with the idea to put a brake on the centrosome duplication pathway and hence to prevent centrosome to duplicate in stem cells. (databasefootball.com)
  • The team subsequently focused on the examination of effects of centrosome depletion on stem cell properties to find that the centrosome loss led to downregulation of regulators of pluripotency OCT-4 and NANOG and a concomitant increase in the expression of proteins which marked the initiation of differentiation program (namely p53, PAX-6, brachyury etc. (databasefootball.com)
  • To establish protocols for the safe and efficient differentiation of healthy cells for therapies, we must develop a better understanding of the dynamic continuum of metabolic states that span pluripotency and differentiation, and how to influence them. (conditionmed.org)
  • The present invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells. (justia.com)
  • In particular, the invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells into muscle cells or vascular endothelial cells. (justia.com)
  • The process of differentiation in stem cells involves selective development of immature cells to committed and fully mature cells of various lineages. (justia.com)
  • Differentiation of stem cells is known be triggered by various growth factors and regulatory molecules. (justia.com)
  • During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)
  • Whilst differentiation of some lineage specific stem cells can be induced with a degree of certainty, a differentiation outcome of a population of pluripotent stem cells is less predictable. (justia.com)
  • Placing the cells under conditions which induce specific cell types has been one form of an attempt to regulate the differentiation outcome. (justia.com)
  • These conditions include growing the cells to high or low density, changing media, introducing or removing cytokines, hormones and growth factors, creating an environment which suits differentiation toward a specific cell type, such as providing a suitable substrate. (justia.com)
  • Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
  • The induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation in stem cells is especially useful in developing therapeutic methods and products for heart disease and abnormal heart conditions. (justia.com)
  • However, the molecular pathways that lead to specification and terminal differentiation of specific cell types, such as myocytes, from embryonic stem cells during development are not entirely clear. (justia.com)
  • Therefore there remains a need for providing effective methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells into specific cell types, such as myocytes or endothelial cells. (justia.com)
  • culturing a stem cell in the presence of an embryonic cell and/or extracellular medium of an embryonic cell, under conditions that induce differentiation of the stem cell. (justia.com)
  • Monolayer cultures of NSPCs at the 3rd, 6th, and 9th passages were cultured for approximately 14 days using a differentiation medium and were observed to successfully differentiate into neural lineage and glial cells (astrocytes, neurons, and oligodendrocytes) at all the three passages tested. (bvsalud.org)
  • The basic and common immunologic defect in common variable immunodeficiency is a failure of B-lymphocyte differentiation into plasma cells that produce the various immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes. (medscape.com)
  • These studies described failure of B-cell differentiation because of altered B-cell surface-molecule expression. (medscape.com)
  • The researchers discovered that OSK expression in cells, such as murine and human fibroblasts, may significantly repair the epigenetic environment and patterns of gene expression of aged cells. (news-medical.net)
  • Ten years of intense studies on the stability of different human and monkey embryonic stem cells demonstrated that, irrespective of their origin, long-term in vitro cultures lead to the accumulation of chromosomal and gene mutations as well as epigenetic changes that can cause oncogenic transformation of cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • This review summarizes the research data on the genetic and epigenetic stability of different lines of pluripotent stem cells after long-term in vitro culture. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Gordeeva, OF & Mitalipov, SM 2008, ' Pluripotent stem cells: Maintenance of genetic and epigenetic stability and prospects of cell technologies ', Russian Journal of Developmental Biology , vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 325-336. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Some epigenetic imprinting remained, the telomeres length was not fully restored, and the descendants of these cells entered senescence prematurely. (biologists.com)
  • DNA CpG methylation on the cytosine is among the most stable forms of epigenetic mechanisms in the life cycle of mammals. (nature.com)
  • Such epigenetic reprogramming is a hallmark of germ cell formation. (sciencedaily.com)
  • It has been well documented that reprogramming somatic tissue to iPSCs removes most of the epigenetic memory, but some remains. (grantome.com)
  • The exact epigenetic landscape of these cells, however, has yet to be defined. (grantome.com)
  • We hypothesize that a retained epigenetic memory in iPSC-RPE is driven, in part, by continued expression of genes that define the parent cell lineage. (grantome.com)
  • From these samples, we will characterize the epigenome to identify the epigenetic marks that are retained from blood (parent cell) to iPSCs to iPSC-RPE (the epigenetic memory) and compare this to the epigenome of native RPE from the same individual. (grantome.com)
  • Role of indole curcumin in the epigenetic activation of apoptosis and cell cycle regulating genes. (cdc.gov)
  • Giraldo A.M., Hylan D.A., Ballard C.B., Purpera M.N., Vaught T.D., Lynn J.W., Godke R.A., Bondioli K.R., Effect of epigenetic modifications of donor somatic cells on the subsequent chromatin remodeling of cloned bovine embryos. (biologie-journal.org)
  • Importantly, subsequent dose-response analyses revealed an age-associated reduction in the growth factor-stimulated proliferation of CD49f + cells mediated by reduced activation of AKT and altered cell cycle entry and progression. (ashpublications.org)
  • These findings identify a new intrinsic, pervasive, and progressive aging-related alteration in the biological and signaling mechanisms required to drive the proliferation of very primitive, normal human hematopoietic cells. (ashpublications.org)
  • Understanding the mechanisms regulating cell cycle, proliferation and potency of pluripotent stem cells guarantees their safe use in the clinic. (upf.edu)
  • Thereby, the activation of the Wnt pathway, a known mitogenic pathway in somatic tissues, restores G1 phase and drastically reduces proliferation of mESCs without perturbing pluripotency. (upf.edu)
  • JNK/SAPKs are stress activated MAPK kinases that play an essential role in several processes known to be important for successful completion of the initiation phase such as cellular proliferation, mesenchymal to epithelial transition and cell cycle regulation. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Inhibition of JNK/SAPK signalling results in reduced cell proliferation, disruption of mesenchymal to epithelial transition and loss of the pluripotent phenotype, which either singly or in combination prevent establishment of pluripotent colonies. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • We show here that PML knockdown (KD) in MDA-MB-231, but not MCF7, breast cancer cells, prolonged stem-cell-like survival, and increased cell proliferation and migration, which is in line with gene-enrichment results from their RNA sequencing analysis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Through physical interaction or modification of diverse protein clients, PML-NBs regulate a multitude of - often antithetical- biological processes such as antiviral and stress response, inhibition of cell proliferation and autophagy, and promotion of apoptosis or senescence. (bvsalud.org)
  • Senescence is defined as an irreversible cell proliferation arrest and occurs in response to various stresses, including activation of oncogenes, shortened telomeres, DNA damage, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. (biologists.com)
  • The remaining follicular cells develop into a corpus luteum that produces E and progesterone (P). In turn, P promotes more proliferation within the uterus and vagina, and cornification in the vagina. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Enriched expression of genes in LRECb was associated with stem cell attributes and identified WNT, TGF-β, and MAPK pathways of self renewal and proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
  • During rapid mammary growth in the mouse, label retaining epithelial cells (LREC) appear to retain label by asymmetric distribution of DNA strands, as evidenced by a rapid proliferation index of the LREC ( Smith, 2005 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • During periods of low mammary proliferation, quiescence of the stem cell population may account for retention of label. (frontiersin.org)
  • An FGFR1-SPRY2 Signaling Axis Limits Basal Cell Proliferation in the Steady-State Airway Epithelium. (ucsf.edu)
  • The process of isolating these cells has been controversial, because it typically results in the destruction of the embryo. (wikipedia.org)
  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer is a cloning method that can be used to create a cloned embryo for the use of its embryonic stem cells in stem cell therapy. (wikipedia.org)
  • According to a simplified model of this theory a newly-conceived human embryo consists of pluripotent stem cells (Type A), ones that can potentially divide into any body cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • At conception, the embryo is all Type A cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • In 1-cell and 2-cell embryos Dnmt1s is derived from the oocyte, whereas from the 2-cell stage onward the embryo starts to synthesize its own Dnmt1s 8 . (nature.com)
  • Everything in the oocyte, excluding the nucleus, has the environment for cell growth since its origins are from an embryo and when we transfer the somatic cell nucleus it reprograms the cell to become pluripotent. (medium.com)
  • The effect of the DAZ family members on the embryonic stem cells varied according to whether the cells were derived from a male or a female embryo. (sciencedaily.com)
  • It's hard to find a simplified, but not overly simplified, explanation of how pluripotent or totipotent stem cells become germ cells, or any other cells for that matter, but it begins in the embryo. (ussromantics.com)
  • A cell signalling process in the embryo induces a small, transient proportion of the cell mass, the primitive streak, to become primordial germ cells (PGCs), along with other cells. (ussromantics.com)
  • This process is called gastrulation, in which the embryo begins to differentiate into distinct cell lineages. (ussromantics.com)
  • With her research, Platt challenged then current theories about germ layers, the types of cells in an early embryo that develop into adult cells. (asu.edu)
  • Here, we consider the metabolism of the early embryo through development, and look at the nutrient milieu within the developing stem cell niche. (conditionmed.org)
  • 2019). Akin to the dynamic nutrient requirements of the developing embryo, discrete in vitro cell states have distinct metabolic profiles (Zhou et al. (conditionmed.org)
  • The developing embryo, from which pluripotent stem cells originate, undergoes a series of dynamic metabolic transitions synchronized to its molecular development. (conditionmed.org)
  • Up to the 2-cell embryo, blastomeres remain totipotent (Garner and McLaren, 1974). (conditionmed.org)
  • In the mouse, a transporting epithelium is established around the 8-16-cell stage through a process known as compaction where cell definition is lost and the outer cells of the embryo form tight junctions, giving rise to the blastocyst. (conditionmed.org)
  • Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the embryo and are pluripotent, thus possessing the capability of developing into any organ, cell type or tissue type. (justia.com)
  • Adenot P.G., Szollosi M.S., Geze M., Renard J.P., Debey P., Dynamics of paternal chromatin changes in live one-cell mouse embryo after natural fertilization. (biologie-journal.org)
  • Aoki F., Worrad D.M., Schultz R.M., Regulation of transcriptional activity during the first , and second cell cycles in the preimplantation mouse embryo. (biologie-journal.org)
  • Bouniol C., Nguyen E., Debey P., Endogenous transcription occurs at the 1-cell stage in the mouse embryo. (biologie-journal.org)
  • Kopecny V., Fléchon J.E., Camous S., Fulka J. Jr., Nucleologenesis , and the onset of transcription in the eight-cell bovine embryo: fine-structural autoradiographic study. (biologie-journal.org)
  • In that same year, Siminovitch was a lead investigator for studies that found colony-forming cells were capable of self-renewal, which is a key defining property of stem cells that Till and McCulloch had theorized. (wikipedia.org)
  • In both species, an early developmental change in the HSC population involves a postnatal switch from a state in which most of these cells exist in a rapidly cycling state and maintain a high self-renewal potential to a state in which the majority of cells are in a quiescent state with an overall reduced self-renewal potential. (ashpublications.org)
  • Rb homeostasis is also essential for self-renewal and survival of human embryonic stem cells 10 . (biolegend.com)
  • Key signaling pathways are highlighted, and the regulation of ES cell self-renewal and somatic cell reprogramming is discussed. (tocris.com)
  • Haploid human ES cells exhibited typical pluripotent stem cell characteristics such as self-renewal capacity and a pluripotency-specific molecular signature. (nih.gov)
  • Human pluripotent stem cells, comprising both embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, possess two remarkable features: pluripotency - the ability to differentiate into a wide variety of cell types of the adult organism - and self-renewal - the ability to indefinitely divide and produce cells with unchanged potential. (databasefootball.com)
  • Importantly, self-renewal potential of these cells was strongly compromised, the cells stopped proliferating 4-5 days after the centrosome duplication block was applied. (databasefootball.com)
  • These stem cells have self-renewal capabilities, and stem cells, like the mesenchymal stem cells, can differentiate into various lineages from the mesoderm. (genesispub.org)
  • They are usually distinguished from progenitor cells, which cannot divide indefinitely, and precursor or blast cells, which are usually committed to differentiating into one cell type. (wikipedia.org)
  • they are vastly outnumbered by the progenitor cells and terminally differentiated cells that they differentiate into. (wikipedia.org)
  • With growth, these proliferate and, in a remarkably articulated manner, progressively differentiate into multipotent stem cells (Type B), progenitor cells (Type C), mature body somatic cells (Type E), and many eventually become senescent cells (Type E). (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • In essence, early-on the body sets up pools of stem and progenitor cells to replace lost somatic cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • MyeloCult™ media have been developed for the long-term culture of hematopoietic progenitor cells in association with adherent stromal cells. (stemcell.com)
  • Mouse utricle sensory epithelial cellCderived progenitor cells (MUCs), which possess locks cell progenitor and mesenchymal features via epithelial-to-mesenchymal changeover (EMT) seeing that previously described, provide a potential strategy for locks cell regeneration via cell transplantation. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • In the auditory system, we have generated mouse utricle sensory epithelial cellCderived progenitor cells (MUCs) via EMT (Zhang and Hu, 2012). (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • These approaches result in the loss of all histological information pertaining to the in vivo locale of MaSC and progenitor cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Instead, we used laser microdissection to excise putative progenitor cells and control cells from their in situ locations in cryosections and characterized the molecular properties of these cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • MaSC/progenitor cells were identified based on their ability to retain bromodeoxyuridine for an extended period. (frontiersin.org)
  • BACKGROUND: â ¢ Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) are multipotent self-renewing cells that can be isolated from the brain or spinal cord. (bvsalud.org)
  • Neonatal tissues, cord and placenta, are explored as alternate sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for their therapeutic applications. (brjnmims.org)
  • Conventionally, MSCs isolated from cord tissues are maintained and propagated in FBS containing medium for promotion of growth and survival of cells. (brjnmims.org)
  • The utility of the ECMs in the treatment of various medical conditions including bone and cartilage tissues, nervous tissues, spinal cord and tendon tissues as well as wound healing, along with the ability of some ECMs in entrapment of elusive cell secretomes will be discussed. (brjnmims.org)
  • Stem cells have potential as a source of cells and tissues for research and treatment of disease. (tocris.com)
  • The DNA within the nuclei of our cells carries the information to generate the machinery of the cell, the cell itself, our tissues and then the whole human. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Couldrey C., Lee R.S., DNA methylation patterns in tissues from mid-gestation bovine foetuses produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer show subtle abnormalities in nuclear reprogramming. (biologie-journal.org)
  • OBJECTIVE To evaluate gene expression and DNA copy number in adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) and in ADSC-derived neurosphere-like cell clusters (ADSC-NSCs) generated from tissues of chronically paraplegic dogs. (bvsalud.org)
  • These results provide new mechanistic insights into the role of RAD51B not only in meiosis but in the maintenance of somatic genome stability. (nature.com)
  • These data were used to analyze possible factors of the genome and epigenome instability in pluripotent lines. (elsevierpure.com)
  • However, robust and large-scale genome-wide reprogramming of DNA methylome occurs during two critical developmental processes: (1) development of primordial germ cells and (2) pre-implantation embryogenesis. (nature.com)
  • Although the genome-wide DNA demethylation is believed to be a hallmark of mammalian embryogenesis, previous study also indicated that the somatic form of dnmt1 ( dnmt1s ) is actually expressed at each stage of pre-implantation embryos and plays a role in the maintenance of DNA imprinting 8 . (nature.com)
  • Diploidy is a fundamental genetic feature in mammals, in which haploid cells normally arise only as post-meiotic germ cells that serve to insure a diploid genome upon fertilization. (nih.gov)
  • Intriguingly, we found that a haploid genome is compatible not only with the undifferentiated pluripotent state, but also with differentiated somatic fates representing all three embryonic germ layers, despite a persistent dosage imbalance between the autosomes and X chromosome. (nih.gov)
  • Lipchina I , Elkabetz Y , Hafner M , Sheridan R, Mihailovic A, Tuschl T , Sander C, Studer L , Betel D. Genome-wide identification of microRNA targets in human ES cells reveals a role for miR-302 in modulating BMP response. (neurotree.org)
  • However, when they are isolated and cultured in vitro, they can be kept in the stem-cell stage and are known as embryonic stem cells (ESCs). (wikipedia.org)
  • Repair of mitomycin-C-induced chromosomal aberrations was impaired in RAD51B/Rad51b-c.92delT human and mouse somatic cells in vitro and in explanted mouse bone marrow cells. (nature.com)
  • The neuronal cells expressed numerous genes associated with sub-regions within the brain thus suggesting the usefulness of our in-vitro model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previous molecular characterizations of mammary stem cells (MaSC) have utilized fluorescence-activated cell sorting or in vitro cultivation of cells from enzymatically dissociated tissue to enrich for MaSC. (frontiersin.org)
  • We discuss what is known about the distinct metabolic states captured in vitro by the 2-cell-like, naïve, blastocyst-like, formative, and primed states of pluripotency. (conditionmed.org)
  • It is only through understanding embryonic metabolism and development that we can derive and maintain different in vitro stem cell states for disease modeling and therapies. (conditionmed.org)
  • The induction of a specific differentiated cell type can be useful for transplantation or drug screening and drug discovery in vitro. (justia.com)
  • Analysis of the effectiveness of caffeine and MG132 for improving somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology using cryopreserved eggs showed that supplementation did not improve the blastocyst formation rate of cloned mouse eggs. (molcells.org)
  • The authors of the present study previously demonstrated that ectopically induced transcription factors, Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT-4), sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), and Kruppel-like factor 4 ( KLF-4) (collectively known as OSK factors) among mammals can reverse aging by restoring youthful patterns of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, transcriptomic profiles, and tissue functioning without cell identity loss. (news-medical.net)
  • By the 8-cell stage, remethylation becomes more pronounced than demethylation, resulting in an increase in global DNA methylation. (nature.com)
  • We hypothesize that TDG repression results in perturbation of the natural methylation/demethylation cycle that the cell uses to regulate gene expression in response to environmental stimuli, such as oxidative stress. (grantome.com)
  • DNA methylation profile discriminates sporadic giant cell granulomas of the jaws and cherubism from their giant cell-rich histological mimics. (cdc.gov)
  • Complex haploinsufficiency in pluripotent cells yields somatic cells with DNA methylation abnormalities and pluripotency induction defects. (cdc.gov)
  • The study assessed the genetic expression patterns of chemically treated cells compared to aged human-origin cells and OSK(MYC)-induced murine and human iPSC. (news-medical.net)
  • In Aim 1, we will test this hypothesis using CRISPR/Cas9-based knockdown of TDG in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE (iPSC-RPE) under normal and oxidative stress conditions. (grantome.com)
  • Multiple animal and human studies using these iPSC-RPE cells, however, fail to produce lasting results, as the cells either die, produce an immune response, or yield no functional improvement, likely because these iPSC-RPE are only RPE-like and not exact replicas of native RPE. (grantome.com)
  • Accordingly, Rad51b-c.92delT variant reduced replication fork progression of patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines and pluripotent reprogramming efficiency of primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. (nature.com)
  • Passaging 40.0 times resulted in senescent fibroblasts with no growth over 14 days, morphological alterations typical of aged cells, and a rise in cell-cycle regulator p21 (CDKN1A) transcripts. (news-medical.net)
  • In view of this we postulated that manipulation of this pathway would have significant impacts on reprogramming of human fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • In 2007, a group let by Takahashi and Yamanaka from Kyoto University successfully generated pluripotent cells from human adult fibroblasts. (biologists.com)
  • What's more, the converted cells showed no signs of premature aging and appeared "rejuvenated" - iPS cells converted from nearly senescent donor cells regained their replicative potential and, when re-differentiated to fibroblasts, by all accounts resembled young proliferative cells. (biologists.com)
  • We start off with two types of cells, an oocyte (from embryos) and a somatic cell (any cell from the body) and exclude the nucleus from the oocyte and isolate the nucleus from the somatic cell. (medium.com)
  • Human embryonic stem cells derived from excess IVF embryos may help scientists unlock the mysteries of infertility for other couples struggling to conceive, according to new research. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Platt followed the paths of cells in developing mudpuppy embryos to see how embryonic cells migrated during the formation of the head. (asu.edu)
  • Adenot P.G., Mercier Y., Renard J.P., Thompson E.M., Differential H4 acetylation of paternal, maternal chromatin precedes DNA replication, and differential transcriptional activity in pronuclei of 1-cell mouse embryos. (biologie-journal.org)
  • Fulka H., St John J.C., Fulka J., Hozak P., Chromatin in early mammalian embryos: achieving the pluripotent state. (biologie-journal.org)
  • Adult stem cells are found in a few select locations in the body, known as niches, such as those in the bone marrow or gonads. (wikipedia.org)
  • IF we could find a way to rejuvenate adult stem cells in their niches, then the stem cell supply chain could possibly be transformed from being a once-through-in-life process to a continuing closed-loop process. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • The classification of each glioma is based on its cell origin and molecular characteristics, which includes acquired mutations [4]. (genesispub.org)
  • Other patients have mutations in exon 9 of the calreticulin gene ( CALR ), and a few have acquired somatic thrombopoietin receptor gene mutations ( MPL ). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Reprogramming of somatic cells to the phenotypic state termed "induced pluripotency" is thought to occur through three consecutive stages: initiation, maturation and stabilisation. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Tcf1, but not Tcf3, is recruited to a palindromic motif enriched in the promoter of cell cycle repressor genes, such as p15Ink4b, p16Ink4a and p19Arf, which mediate the Wnt-dependent anti-proliferative effect in mESCs. (upf.edu)
  • The underphosphorylated, active form of Rb interacts directly with E2F1 , leading to cell cycle arrest, while the hyperphosphorylated form decouples from E2F1, thus promoting the transcription of genes promoting entry into the S phase. (biolegend.com)
  • Transcriptome analysis of AD-iPS derived neuronal cells revealed significant changes in the expression of genes associated with AD and with the constitutive as well as the inducible subunits of the proteasome complex. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we maintained mesenchymal-like MUCs in adherent cultures to test new methods that were able to guide MUCs to buy SB-649868 become a number of epithelial cells expressing epithelial genes such as in MUCs. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • Although the mechanism of how these factors induced pluripotency in somatic cells is not completely understood, it is clear that the endogenous pluripotency genes OCT4 , SOX2 and NANOG were activated and, in turn, re-activated the autoregulatory loop that could maintain the pluripotent state independent of the transgenes. (biologists.com)
  • In a recent paper published the November issue of Genes in Development, entitled "Rejuvenating senescent and centenarian human cells by reprogramming through the pluripotent state," Lapasset and colleagues from the Institute of Functional Genomics in France report that they have overcome this barrier and generated iPS cells from human donors as old as 101 years. (biologists.com)
  • Promoters of genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation are preferentially remethylated at the 8-cell stage, suggesting that this mode of energy metabolism may not be favored. (nature.com)
  • Although haploid human ES cells resembled their diploid counterparts, they also displayed distinct properties including differential regulation of X chromosome inactivation and genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, alongside reduction in absolute gene expression levels and cell size. (nih.gov)
  • In this process, we use four main growth genes(Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc) to reprogram and "trick" the cell into becoming pluripotent. (medium.com)
  • In the current study, the researchers treated human embryonic stem cells with proteins known to stimulate germ cell formation and isolated those that began to express germ-cell-specific genes -- about 5 percent of the total. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In addition to expressing key genes, these cells also began to remove modifications, or methyl groups, to their DNA that confer cell-specific traits that would interfere with their ability to function as germ cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In terms of the gene regulatory network defining cellular potency, Nanog has direct mutual interactions with two other core stem cell specific genes Oct4 and Sox2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Generally, when a stem cell culture is induced to differentiate, the differentiated population is analysed for particular cell types by expression of genes, markers or phenotypic analysis. (justia.com)
  • We aimed to determine the signaling pathway regulating cell metabolism and the mechanism related to the regulation of human tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in gastric cancer (GC). (cancerindex.org)
  • 2020). This places metabolism at the forefront of development and cell state decisions. (conditionmed.org)
  • Permanent lines of pluripotent stem cells can be obtained from humans and monkeys using different techniques and from different sources-inner cell mass of the blastocyst, primary germ cells, parthenogenetic oocytes, and mature spermatogonia-as well as by transgenic modification of various adult somatic cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Researchers at the school have devised a way to efficiently coax the cells to become human germ cells -- the precursors of egg and sperm cells -- in the laboratory. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Unlike previous research, which yielded primarily immature germ cells, the cells in this most-recent study functioned well enough to generate sperm cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Figuring out the genetic 'recipe' needed to develop human germ cells in the laboratory will give us the tools we need to trace what's going wrong for these people. (sciencedaily.com)
  • And because germ cells begin to form very early in embryonic development (by eight to 10 weeks), there's been a dearth of human material to work with. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This is the first evidence that you can create functional human germ cells in a laboratory. (sciencedaily.com)
  • They found that one family member, DAZL, functions very early in germ cell development, while two others, DAZ1 and BOULE, stimulate the then-mature germ cells to divide to form gametes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Overexpression of BOULE increased the relative proportion of putative germ cells from 2 to 12 percent in female, but not male, cell lines. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This suggests that BOULE may play a larger role than the other proteins in the development of female germ cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The researchers plan to use a similar strategy to optimize the production of eggs from embryonic stem cells, as well as investigating whether reprogrammed adult cells called induced pluripotent cells, or iPS cells, can also be used to create germ cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The primordial germ cells differentiate in the testis, in these seminiferous tubules… But let me first fast forward to the end of the process and describe a complete, mature sperm cell or spermatozoon. (ussromantics.com)
  • Spermatogonia are undifferentiated male germ cells, or sperm cells. (ussromantics.com)
  • Moreover, they can bind to proteins and nanoparticles through the biotin-streptavidin interaction and mediate their delivery to cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, two streptavidin-conjugated model proteins, alkaline phosphatase and horseradish peroxidase can be delivered into the cell cytoplasm in their enzymatically active form. (bvsalud.org)
  • The growth/survival signal is initially carried by these receptor ligands - proteins such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) - which bind cell-surface receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). (tocris.com)
  • Overexpressing the three proteins together allowed the researchers to generate haploid cells -- those with only one copy of each chromosome -- expressing proteins found in mature sperm. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Centrosome duplicates once per cell cycle, with proteins PLK4 and STIL playing the pivotal role in the regulation of a key step in centrosome cycle - the duplication of centrioles. (databasefootball.com)
  • Free SepF interferes with recruitment of late cell division proteins. (uva.nl)
  • Proteins released from neural and glial cells can be detected in the blood and show promise as prognostic tools, but their concentration is influenced by time after injury. (bvsalud.org)
  • They discovered the blood-forming stem cell, the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), through their pioneering work in mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • McCulloch and Till began a series of experiments in which bone marrow cells were injected into irradiated mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • They observed lumps in the spleens of the mice that were linearly proportional to the number of bone marrow cells injected. (wikipedia.org)
  • Human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), like their counterparts in mice, comprise a functionally and molecularly heterogeneous population of cells throughout life that collectively maintain required outputs of mature blood cells under homeostatic conditions. (ashpublications.org)
  • RUNX1-deficient mice fail to generate hematopoietic stem cells. (biolegend.com)
  • Shinya Yamanaka shared in the Nobel Prize award for converting mature epithelial cells harvested from adult mice into stem cells, referred to as induced Stem Cells (iSC's). (khanacademy.org)
  • Further, iSC's were transplanted into the respective healthy adult mice from which the cells were harvested. (khanacademy.org)
  • Given that p53 has been shown to mediate consequences of centrosome loss in mice and human somatic cell lines, the team examined its role in the context of centrosome loss in human stem cells. (databasefootball.com)
  • Consistently, ablation of β-catenin or Tcf1 expression impairs Wnt-dependent cell cycle regulation. (upf.edu)
  • The capability of these cells to differentiate depends on the stem cell type, the regulation of gene expression by various transcription factors and interaction with the stem cell niche 1,4 . (biolegend.com)
  • Nanog has been recognized as a critical pluripotency gene in stem cell regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mammalian internal ear provides a limited capability in to regenerate locks cells (Forge et al. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • As a result, harm to mammalian locks cells outcomes in irreversible and everlasting hearing reduction usually. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • Shi and Advantage 2013), and locks cell progenitors possess been determined in the adult mammalian utricle and cochlea (Li et al. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • 2007). Such a dedifferentiation program occurs in mammalian pancreatic epithelial cell cultures, in which pancreatic cells dedifferentiate into mesenchymal-like cells that are able to re-enter the cell cycle, probably via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (Gallo et al. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • Gamete manipulation has yielded haploid embryonic stem (ES) cells from several mammalian species, but as of yet not from humans. (nih.gov)
  • Cliff and Dalton, 2017), with nutrients capable of inducing and maintaining alternate cell states (Shyh-Chang et al. (conditionmed.org)
  • Meiosis is a sexual division that halves the diploid somatic chromosomal complement to a haploid state. (nature.com)
  • Typically, when a diploid cell divides, it first duplicates each of its chromosomes. (jove.com)
  • Starting at conception and throughout life, all cells on this list except the senescent ones will selectively reproduce and possibly differentiate into cells of types further down in the list. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • Individual clones were able to differentiate into cells expressing markers of all three germ layers as well as form teratomas with organ-like structures typical of all three embryonic lineages. (biologists.com)
  • They can differentiate into cells of the mesodermal lineage, such as adipocytes, and osteocytes. (tocris.com)
  • It is possible for them to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers, a condition referred to as "pluripotency. (khanacademy.org)
  • Stem cell gene expression evolves with age. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • Although in principle stem cells can replicate indefinitely, in fact they age as the organism ages, continuing to change their gene expression. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • Embryonic stem cells (ESC) can be expanded indefinitely without undergoing replicative senescence or aging due to their high telomerase expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that adult mouse utricle sensory epithelial cells underwent EMT to become MUCs that were able to propagate in adherent cultures, express mesenchymal markers, and lose the expression of epithelial markers. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • Accordingly, we found that key components of the JNK/SAPK signalling pathway increase expression as early as day 3 of the reprogramming process and continue to rise in reprogrammed cells throughout the initiation and maturation stages. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • iPS cells showed many characteristics of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) such as expression of pluripotency markers, reactivation of telomerase and the ability to form teratomas, demonstrating a potential to redifferentiate into descendants of all three embryonic lineages. (biologists.com)
  • examined individual clones and found that endogenous pluripotency gene expression was activated and the promoters of OCT4 and NANOG , which are usually heavily methylated in differentiated cells, were demethylated in the newly converted iPS cells. (biologists.com)
  • They found that unlike parental cells, p16 and p21 expression in iPS cells was downregulated, similar to hES cells. (biologists.com)
  • They then used a technique called RNA silencing to examine how blocking the expression of each of three DAZ family members in the embryonic stem cells affected germ cell development. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Deletion of Jarid2 leads to impaired orchestration of gene expression during cell lineage commitment. (sdbonline.org)
  • Automatically expanded hiPSCs exhibit normal growth characteristics, and show sustained expression of the pluripotency associated stem cell marker TRA-1-60 over at least 5 weeks (10 passages). (frontiersin.org)
  • Activation-induced cytidine deaminase displays an alternative co-factor for modulating PIM1 expression in diffuse large B cell lymphoma cell lines. (cdc.gov)
  • Expression of distinct maternal and somatic 5.8S, 18S, and 28S rRNA types during zebrafish development. (uva.nl)
  • Braude P., Bolton V., Moore S., Human gene expression first occurs between the four- , and eight-cell stages of preimplantation development. (biologie-journal.org)
  • To gain pluripotency, the reprogramming process typically involves transfecting adult somatic cells with certain pluripotency markers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gliomas often originate from three types of glial cells: oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, and astrocytes - however, astrocytic gliomas hold 70% of all glioma origins [4]. (genesispub.org)
  • As of 2016[update], the only established medical therapy using stem cells is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, first performed in 1958 by French oncologist Georges Mathé. (wikipedia.org)
  • Essential thrombocythemia is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder that causes increased platelet production. (msdmanuals.com)
  • While human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provide novel prospects for disease-modeling, the high phenotypic variability seen across different lines demands usage of large hiPSC cohorts to decipher the impact of individual genetic variants. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the present study, researchers devised high-throughput cellular assays that can differentiate between young, older, and aged cells of the body, including transcriptomic aging clocks and real-time quantitative nucleocytoplasmic compartmentalization (NCC) assays, to identify compounds that can reverse the aging process without genomic alterations. (news-medical.net)
  • Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) modulates diverse cell functions that contribute to both tumor suppressor and pro-oncogenic effects, depending on the cellular context. (bvsalud.org)
  • Researchers began to wonder whether cellular aging was a barrier to iPS cell conversion. (biologists.com)
  • Heterogeneous gene expressions of cells are widely observed in self-renewing pluripotent stem cells, suggesting possible coexistence of multiple cellular states with distinct characteristics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results suggest the co-existence of two cellular "sub-states" within the pluripotent stem cell state: high-Nanog sub-state and low-Nanog sub-state, rather than one well-defined, homogenous pluripotent cellular state. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2006). Latest research possess discovered that a subpopulation of assisting cells, such as Sox2- and Lgr5-positive assisting cells, have the capacity to become new hair cells (Chai et al. (forgetmenotinitiative.org)
  • The NSPCs were able to grow as neurospheres as well as monolayers, and immunostaining at the 3rd, 6th, and 9th passages showed that these cells expressed NSPC markers such as nestin and SOX2 (immunofluorescent staining). (bvsalud.org)
  • To clarify the metabolic differences between iPS cells in HDI and ReproFF (undifferentiated state), a metabolome analysis was performed. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The state of the body in terms of makeup of cell types continues to change through life and the process goes inexplicably from start (conception) leading to end (death). (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
  • A pluripotent state is indicated by resistance to the antibiotic G418 in the cells. (khanacademy.org)
  • We have developed a feeder-free, Sendai virus-mediated reprogramming protocol suitable for cell culture processing via a robotic liquid handling unit that delivers footprint-free hiPSCs within 3 weeks with state-of-the-art efficiencies. (frontiersin.org)
  • Interestingly, the existence of low-Nanog state dynamically slows down the reprogramming process, and additional Nanog activation is found to be essential to quickly attaining the fully reprogrammed cell state. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In vivo, they eventually differentiate into all of the body's cell types (making them pluripotent). (wikipedia.org)
  • The study revealed that applying this strategy led to a complete depletion of centrosome in over 85% of stem cells after 3 days of blocking the duplication pathway. (databasefootball.com)
  • Initial experiments revealed that advancing donor age was accompanied by a significant and progressively delayed proliferative response but not the altered mature cell outputs seen in normal older individuals. (ashpublications.org)
  • Here we analyzed a large collection of human parthenogenetic ES cell lines originating from haploid oocytes, leading to the successful isolation and maintenance of human ES cell lines with a normal haploid karyotype. (nih.gov)
  • We expect that haploid human ES cells will provide novel means for studying human functional genomics, development and evolution. (nih.gov)
  • In 2006, a Japanese team led by Shinya Yamanaka discovered a method to convert mature body cells back into stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Yamanaka began by isolating 10 candidate factors that could potentially induce pluripotency in somatic cells. (khanacademy.org)
  • Yamanaka examined the formation of induced stem cell colonies after placing the cells in an embryonic environment and removing an individual factor from each colony. (khanacademy.org)
  • Together these data provide new evidence for an indispensable role for JNK/SAPK signalling to overcome the well-established molecular barriers in human somatic cell induced reprogramming. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Senescence was confirmed by FACS analysis showing cell cycle arrest, increase in molecular markers characteristic of senescence, and formation of SAHF. (biologists.com)
  • Our results support the use of DNA label retention to identify MaSC and also provide a molecular profile and novel candidate markers for these cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • A week after infection, the SAHF disappeared (see figure above, left panel) and after 40 days colonies appeared that looked like hES cells (see figure above, right panel). (biologists.com)
  • The effect of removing individual factors on the number of G418 resistant cell colonies produced. (khanacademy.org)
  • Conversion of somatic cells to iPS cells occurs at very low frequency in any given cell population, but because older individuals have a higher number of senescent cells it has proved to be difficult to convert cells from older-aged donors. (biologists.com)
  • It was suggested that lactate promoted the survival of iPS cells cultured in a medium without glucose and supplemented with galactose. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Glucose is essential for cell survival and is metabolized to pyruvate ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Indeed, PML displayed tumor cell pro-survival and pro-migratory functions via inhibition of migration suppressing molecules or promotion of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß) mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) that may promote cancer cell dissemination. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although growth factors act on different cell types, the signal pathways they initiate often overlap: for example, both EGF and FGF ensure cell survival by activating PI 3-K and MAPK cascades. (tocris.com)
  • Firstly, analysis of cell divisions confirmed that stem cells are able to arrange mitotic spindle and to divide even without any centrosome, with no major impact on survival of these cells, which was not anticipated. (databasefootball.com)
  • The first therapy using stem cells was a bone marrow transplant performed by French oncologist Georges Mathé in 1958 on five workers at the Vinča Nuclear Institute in Yugoslavia who had been affected by a criticality accident. (wikipedia.org)
  • Establish stromal cell layers and culture hematopoietic progenitors in "Dexter-type" long-term bone marrow cultures. (stemcell.com)
  • Загальні відомості про мієлопроліферативні захворювання Myeloproliferative neoplasms are clonal proliferations of bone marrow stem cells, which can manifest as an increased number of platelets, red blood cells (RBCs), or white blood cells (WBCs). (msdmanuals.com)
  • справжня поліцитемія Polycythemia vera is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by an increase in morphologically normal red cells (its hallmark), but also white cells and platelets. (msdmanuals.com)