Pluripotent cells cell differentiation clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

When the generation of iPSCs was completed, LTRs were re-suppressed to levels similar to those in human ES cells. (nih.gov)
In vitro differentiation of GS-2 iPSCs into hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells was done using Op9 feeder layers and specified media. (biomedcentral.com)
GS-2 iPSCs showed the capacity to differentiate into cells of the hematopoietic lineage. (biomedcentral.com)
The variation among induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in their differentiation capacity to specific lineages is frequently attributed to somatic memory. (nih.gov)
However, some fibroblast-derived iPSCs showed higher capacity than blood-derived clones. (nih.gov)
These data demonstrated that variations in the hematopoietic differentiation capacity of iPSCs are not attributable to somatic memories of their origins. (nih.gov)
These new types of cells are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (healthline.com)
To create iPSCs, scientists genetically reprogram the adult stem cells so they behave like embryonic stem cells. (healthline.com)
Induced pluripotent stem cells, iPSCs, are mature, differentiated cells, such as skin cells, that are reprogrammed in the laboratory to be similar to undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. (jove.com)
To create iPSCs, mature cells, like skin fibroblasts, are taken from a patient and put into culture. (jove.com)
These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells-able to produce all cell types-and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (jove.com)
iPSCs are potentially valuable in medicine, because a patient who needs a particular cell type-for instance, someone with a damaged retina due to macular degeneration-could receive a transplant of the required cells, generated from another cell type in their own body. (jove.com)
To create iPSCs, mature cells such as skin fibroblasts or blood cells from a person are grown in culture. (jove.com)
It is still being studied whether iPSCs are truly equivalent to embryonic stem cells, but they appear to be similar and can produce cells from all three germ layers of the body. (jove.com)
As with other types of stem cells, scientists are learning how to promote the differentiation of specific cell types from iPSCs efficiently, so that the needed cell types can be produced in adequate quantities. (jove.com)
Here we show the differentiation of patient specific iPSCs derived from a patient with SFTPB deficiency into lung organoids with mesenchymal and epithelial cell populations from both the proximal and distal portions of the human lung. (nature.com)
Infection of iPSCs with lentiviral inserts is a highly efficient process since stem cells grow quickly, remain undifferentiated in specific cell culture conditions and can establish fully infected clones within 2-3 passages. (nature.com)
Noggle said the findings may also pave the way for better induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which form when somatic cells are regressed to a pluripotent state through the use of genetic factors. (the-scientist.com)
While iPSCs avoid the ethical issues surrounding embryonic stem cells, the methods used to derive them sometimes induce mutations in cancer causing genes, making them unsuitable for therapeutic purposes. (the-scientist.com)
Based on these observations Yamanaka and colleagues screened 24 pluripotency transcription factors and demonstrated that over-expression of the reprogramming factors Oct4 Sox2 Klf4 and c-Myc (referred to as OSKM) is sufficient to create induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from mouse fibroblasts (Figure 1 (h)) 8. (hiv-proteases.com)
Indeed, if every disease known to man were cured by IPSCs or adult stem cells, the scientists would shrug and keep on cloning. (cbc-network.org)
Derivation of autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through direct reprogramming of easily accessible somatic cells holds the potential to transform the field of regenerative medicine. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we summarize current reprogramming methodologies with a focus on the production of transgene-free or genetically unmanipulated iPSCs and highlight important technical details that ultimately may influence the biological properties of pluripotent stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
In 2006, a major breakthrough was reported in Japan by Takahashi and Yamanaka, who described the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from mouse fibroblasts via over expression of defined transcription factors [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Ideally, iPSC-based therapies in the future will rely on the isolation of skin fibroblasts or keratinocytes, their reprogramming into iPSCs, and the correction of the genetic defect followed by differentiation into the desired cell type and transplantation. (biomedcentral.com)
Several experimental strategies have been developed to derive iPSCs from differentiated somatic cells (summarized in Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)

NTERA-2 cells exhibit biochemical and developmental properties similar to the cells of the early embryo, and can be used to study the early stages of human neurogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
That's why Father Pacholczyk, director of education at the National Catholic Bioethics Center in Philadelphia, said that the efforts to help people understand the immorality of embryo reserch, including human cloning, must focus on humanizing the issue and appreciating our own embryonic origins, not just on the desired results of embryonic or other types of stem-cell research. (archstl.org)
because the embryo develops, some cells differentiate, whereas others, referred to as stem cells stay pluripotent, which suggests that they will bring about to a particular set of cell sorts referred to as a lineage. (alliedacademies.org)
During the process of harvesting embryotic stem cells, the embryo is destroyed. (healthline.com)
The mechanisms underlying the appearance of asymmetry between cells in the early embryo and consequently the specification of distinct cell lineages during mammalian development remain elusive. (nature.com)
Louvet-Vallee, S., Vinot, S. & Maro, B. Mitotic spindles and cleavage planes are oriented randomly in the two-cell mouse embryo. (nature.com)
The fusion ultimately gives rise to a microscopic embryo, from which embryonic stem cells can theoretically be derived. (the-scientist.com)
In the best case, an early embryo consisting of a few cells may form, but these are not capable of giving rise to human life, nor hESCs for therapeutic purposes. (the-scientist.com)
The resulting clone developed into a microscopic embryo, which survived long enough for pluripotent stem cell lines to be derived. (the-scientist.com)
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the embryo and are pluripotent, thus possessing the capability of developing into any organ, cell type or tissue type. (justia.com)
A pluripotent stem cell has the potential to form all cells of the embryo, but cannot form a placenta. (papersowl.com)
… "embryo" means a human organism during the first 56 days of its development following fertilization or creation, excluding any time during which its development has been suspended, and includes any cell derived from such an organism that is used for the purpose of creating a human being. (hinxtongroup.org)
… "human clone" means an embryo that, as a result of the manipulation of human reproductive material or an in vitro embryo, contains a diploid set of chromosomes obtained from a single - living or deceased - human being, fetus, or embryo. (hinxtongroup.org)

Reproductive and therapeutic cloning, regenerative medicine and induced pluripotent stem cell technology. (liu.se)
Conferring cell fitness by multi-target drug combinations may become a common approach in cryobiology, drug development, and regenerative medicine. (labroots.com)
Dr. Irving L. Weissman is professor of pathology and developmental biology at the Stanford University School of Medicine , where he is director of the Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. (brandeis.edu)
The remarkable potential of stem cells to generate several hundred differentiated cell types is driving their use for regenerative medicine and for supporting the traditional drug discovery and development process (Figure 1). (ddw-online.com)
Evidence the fate of stem cells has broad ramifications for biomedical suggests that during development or differentiation, cells make science from elucidating the causes of cancer to the use of very precise transitions between apparently stable ``network stem cells in regenerative medicine. (lu.se)

Although clonal studies of lineage potential have been extensively applied to organ specific stem and progenitor cells, much less is known about the clonal origins of lineages formed from the germ layers in early embryogenesis. (ca.gov)
In contrast to studies that have used VISA to track differentiation of self-renewing stem cell clones that amplify significantly over time, we focused on a population of progenitor clones with limited self-renewal capability. (ca.gov)
To directly differentiate to pancreatic cells, use our pancreatic progenitor kit to generate functional PDX1 + /NKX6.1 + cells that can be matured into insulin-producing beta cells. (stemcell.com)
They traced this effect to the premature differentiation of neural stem cells inside the microcephalic tissue chunks, depleting the population of progenitor cells that fuels normal brain growth. (cbc-network.org)
Use of progenitor cell lines can eliminate the need to culture challenging human ES cells. (ddw-online.com)
Progenitor cells are similar to embryonic stem cells in their capacity to differentiate into various cell types. (ddw-online.com)
However, progenitor cells can only differentiate into a limited number of cell types. (ddw-online.com)
Progenitor cells can be far easier to handle in culture than ES cells. (ddw-online.com)
For example, neural progenitor cells derived from a human ES cell line are easily propagated and require less handling than human ES cells. (ddw-online.com)
One of the key areas in stem cell research is the identification of factors capable of promoting the expansion of Neural Stem Cell/Progenitor Cells (NSPCs) and understanding their molecular mechanisms for future use in clinical settings. (elsevierpure.com)
Stem and progenitor cell populations are often heterogeneous, which may reflect stem cell subsets that express subtly different properties, including different propensities for lineage selection upon differentiation, yet remain able to interconvert. (lu.se)
To varying degrees, these fates also extend to the Such state stability is required in stem and progenitor cells to immediate progeny of stem cells, known as progenitor or support self-renewal and maintenance of the uncommitted transit-amplifying cells. (lu.se)
A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)
1983) and the multipotent progenitor cells from fetal disease (Bjorklund and Lindvall, 2000). (lu.se)
The etiology of bone marrow failure (BMF) includes defective stem/progenitor cells and/or stroma/accessory cells/growth factors, as well as deficient nonspecific nutrients or, as in the case of acquired aplastic anemia, immune-mediated abnormalities. (medscape.com)
Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) are usually the result of intrinsic stem cell/progenitor defects. (medscape.com)

It became a hot topic in 1996 when Dolly the sheep was cloned via a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (archstl.org)
A breakthrough in somatic cell nuclear transfer opens the possibility of producing human embryonic stem cells with a patient's own genes. (the-scientist.com)
The first pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have been generated from somatic cell nuclear transfer, according to a study published today (October 5) in Nature . (the-scientist.com)
The advance here is the proof that somatic cell nuclear transfer can work [in human cells] and can fully reset the donor cell genome to a pluripotent state," said Harvard Medical School's George Daley , who was not affiliated with the study. (the-scientist.com)
Somatic cell nuclear transfer typically involves the transfer of genomic information from a somatic cell into an unfertilized egg cell whose nucleus has been removed. (the-scientist.com)
Somatic cell nuclear transfer has shown limited success in animal studies, which have successfully isolated pluripotent cells. (the-scientist.com)
This is currently achieved by three methods: somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) cell fusion and direct reprogramming by defined transcription factors. (hiv-proteases.com)
Although exciting results have been achieved by means of somatic cell nuclear transfer, cell fusion, and culture-induced reprogramming [ 1 ], these procedures are technically demanding and inefficient and therefore unlikely to become a common approach for producing patient-specific pluripotent cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) express genes associated with pluripotency, have the capacity for infinite expansion, and can differentiate into cells from all three germ layers. (biomedcentral.com)
In the years since Dolly was cloned, scientists have since created INDUCED PLURIPOTENT CELLS (IPS) by activating genes that caused a de-differentiation of adult cells into more primitive embryonic-like cells, an action that triggers a mysterious telomere length resetting. (rechargebiomedical.com)
His demonstration that the expression of four master regulatory genes was sufficient to cause the reprogramming of adult cells has opened up many possibilities for human stem cell therapies. (brandeis.edu)
Then, typically, genes for transcription factors, are delivered by viral vectors into the cell nuclei, where they are incorporated into the genome. (jove.com)
The transcription factors then turn on genes that are expressed by embryonic stem cells. (jove.com)
Then, genes for multiple transcription factors are delivered into the cells using a viral vector, and the transcription factor proteins are expressed using the cell's machinery. (jove.com)
The transcription factors then turn on many other genes that are expressed by embryonic stem cells, returning the cells to an undifferentiated, proliferative, and pluripotent state. (jove.com)
During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)
In some cases, "master" genes have been described which control differentiation versus self-renewal. (justia.com)
Generally, when a stem cell culture is induced to differentiate, the differentiated population is analysed for particular cell types by expression of genes, markers or phenotypic analysis. (justia.com)
Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
The underphosphorylated, active form of Rb interacts directly with E2F1 , leading to cell cycle arrest, while the hyperphosphorylated form decouples from E2F1, thus promoting the transcription of genes promoting entry into the S phase. (biolegend.com)
The methodology included inducing differentiated somatic cells with the primary genes responsible for embryonic stem cell potency. (papersowl.com)
Amongst the intestinal Wnt target genes (13), we found the Gpr49/Lgr5 gene to be unique in that it marks small cycling cells at crypt bottoms. (hubrecht.eu)
Two other Wnt target genes, RNF43 and ZNRF3, encode stem cell-specific E3 ligases that downregulate Wnt receptors in a negative feedback loop (35). (hubrecht.eu)
Variation of DNA methylation on the IRX1/2 genes is responsible for the neural differentiation propensity in human induced pluripotent stem cells. (reprocell.com)
explosion further, consider that a fictitious small genome with 2002) More recently and more dramatically, the potential for 260 genes would host the same number of combinations as cell state conversions is exemplified by the reprogramming of the number of atoms in the visible universe! (lu.se)
The precise pathophysiology of inherited single cell and multilineage cytopenias has not been elucidated despite the identification of many of the genes mutated in these disorders. (medscape.com)

Epigenetic regulation of gene expression and its role in cell growth and cell function. (liu.se)
Ten years of intense studies on the stability of different human and monkey embryonic stem cells demonstrated that, irrespective of their origin, long-term in vitro cultures lead to the accumulation of chromosomal and gene mutations as well as epigenetic changes that can cause oncogenic transformation of cells. (elsevierpure.com)
This review summarizes the research data on the genetic and epigenetic stability of different lines of pluripotent stem cells after long-term in vitro culture. (elsevierpure.com)
Gordeeva, OF & Mitalipov, SM 2008, ' Pluripotent stem cells: Maintenance of genetic and epigenetic stability and prospects of cell technologies ', Russian Journal of Developmental Biology , vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 325-336. (elsevierpure.com)
The latter process is often displayed by Conrad Waddington's description of an epigenetic panorama of differentiation. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
With this model more potent cells sit in the peaks of a landscape before rolling irreversibly downward towards deeper valleys representing more differentiated claims as the genome activates and silences fate-specific epigenetic markers. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
Among them embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are the classic example of a PSC 1-3 and they remain the gold standard to which newly derived PSC lines are typically compared molecularly through expression and epigenetic profiling and functionally by assessing their differentiation potential and (Table 1). (hiv-proteases.com)
Embryonic germ cells (EGCs) and germ line stem cells (GSCs): derived respectively from mouse primordial germ cells (Figure 1 (+)-Corynoline (d)) or germ line stem cells (GSCs) from neonatal and adult testis (Figure 1 (+)-Corynoline (e)) they resemble ESCs but retain some epigenetic features of their cell of origin. (hiv-proteases.com)

A decade later, cloning came to the forefront in Missouri with the narrow passage of Amendment 2, a ballot initiative in 2006 that constitutionally protects embryonic stem-cell research and human cloning. (archstl.org)
In this study, we compared hematopoietic differentiation capacity of 35 human iPSC lines derived from four different tissues and four embryonic stem cell lines. (nih.gov)
Bisulfite converted genomic DNA lysates from induced pluripotent stem cell and embryonic stem cell lines were hybridized to Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. (nih.gov)
In my opinion there is no question but that the scientific information on stem cell research included in this science text book being used in Illinois schools incorporates some inaccurate scientific facts, and seems to be very partial to the use of human embryonic "stem cell" research. (lifeissues.net)
However, the crowning achievement arose in 2006 when researchers at Kyoto University discovered the necessary means to reprogram differentiated adult cells to possess embryonic stem cell-like functionality, as if reversing time itself. (papersowl.com)
Using gene manipulation (over or downregulation of TPT1) techniques including CRISPR/Cas9-mediated heterozygous gene disruption showed that TPT1 contributed to the regulation of cell proliferation/survival in mouse NSPCs, human embryonic stem cell (hESC) derived-NSPCs, human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived-NSPCs and BTICs. (elsevierpure.com)
We discuss these properties with examples both from the hematopoietic and embryonic stem cell (ESC) systems. (lu.se)

Differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to cells of the endoderm lineage with our specialized cell culture media. (stemcell.com)
T-cell lymphoma is a hematologic neoplasm derived from the lymphoid lineage. (bvsalud.org)
the discipline of cell lineage reprogramming is in its infancy and further research will become needed to improve the efficiency of the reprogramming course of action and the fidelity of the reprogrammed cells to their in vivo counterpart. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
Cellular differentiation and lineage programming The generation of therapeutically important cells like cardiomyocytes using readily available cell types remains a considerable challenge for biologists. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
As a result researchers became more interested in the mechanisms that result in changes that distinguish cells of one lineage from another even as they share the same genome. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
Aside from the promise of using hPSC-derived cells for cell replacement therapies there (+)-Corynoline is great potential of using hPSCs for modeling lineage decisions during differentiation and studying disease-relevant phenotypes that ENG are manifested at the cellular level. (hiv-proteases.com)
Whilst differentiation of some lineage specific stem cells can be induced with a degree of certainty, a differentiation outcome of a population of pluripotent stem cells is less predictable. (justia.com)
Identifying the right cocktail of media conditions, supplements and growth factors that successfully drive stem cells toward a desired lineage on a reproducible basis is a time-consuming, iterative exercise. (ddw-online.com)
The nature of the stem cell substates and their relationship to commitment to differ- entiate and lineage selection can be elucidated in terms of a landscape picture in which stable states can be defined mathematically as attractors. (lu.se)
This requirement strongly limits the number of solutions or entiation and lineage-specification, programmed cell death, and ``states'' for the system. (lu.se)
2008). Historically, this concept is highlighted by the experi- factors are key intrinsic regulators of these fate decisions and mental phenomenon of lineage reprogramming, for example, that fate choice involves modulating networks of transcription by the conversion of fibroblasts to muscles cells following trans- factors. (lu.se)
Similarly, GATA-1 has been shown to induce lineage switching expression values even if, for simplicity, we assume only ``on'' of committed cells in hematopoiesis, first in cell lines (Kulessa and ``off'' states for each gene. (lu.se)

The generation of inducible stem cell lines with the Lent-ON-Plus LVs did not require selection or cloning, and transgene regulation was maintained after long-term cultured and upon differentiation toward different lineages. (nih.gov)
Johnson, M. H. & Ziomek, C. A. The foundation of two distinct cell lineages within the mouse morula. (nature.com)
Introduction Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can self-renew indefinitely in culture while maintaining the potential to differentiate into all cell lineages of an adult organism. (hiv-proteases.com)
The process of differentiation in stem cells involves selective development of immature cells to committed and fully mature cells of various lineages. (justia.com)
These findings revealed that RUNX1 acts as a tumor suppressor for myeloid leukemia and is crucial for the development and terminal differentiation of several blood cell lineages 2,3 . (biolegend.com)
The proliferation and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells give rise to progeny that can populate the entire immunologic and hematopoietic systems through committed progenitors of both the lymphoid and myeloid lineages. (medscape.com)

They express several high molecular weight glycoprotein antigens that are down-regulated upon differentiation. (sigmaaldrich.com)

5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
He was the first to appreciate the therapeutic potential of stem cell therapy and has pioneered its development. (brandeis.edu)
The findings validate this controversial method, and may one day allow therapeutic stem cells to be created from a patient's own genetic material. (the-scientist.com)
The triploid cells aren't suitable for therapeutic purposes, and future efforts will be focused on trying to eliminate the [egg cell] genome," said Daley, who wrote an accompanying News & Views in Nature . (the-scientist.com)
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer unique opportunities for studying human biology modeling diseases and for therapeutic applications. (hiv-proteases.com)
The present invention also provides methods of using the differentiated cells of the present invention for therapeutic purposes. (justia.com)
In particular, the induction of stem cells to differentiate into muscle cells (myocytes) is useful for muscle transplantation and therapeutic purposes, as well as providing potential human disease models in culture (e.g. for testing pharmaceuticals). (justia.com)
The induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation in stem cells is especially useful in developing therapeutic methods and products for heart disease and abnormal heart conditions. (justia.com)
Before delving into the molecular biology and therapeutic potentials of induced pluripotent stem cells, it is crucial to provide foundational definitions and descriptions. (papersowl.com)
The use of mouse feeder layers and animal serum are particularly problematic in the culturing of stem cells for possible therapeutic applications. (ddw-online.com)
With this background information as a foundation, we then discuss each of the key questions in relation to the upcoming therapeutic trial and critically assess if the time is ripe for clinical translation of parthenogenetic stem cell technology in Parkinson's disease. (lu.se)

These results demonstrated that the transient overexpression of KLF4/LTR/lincRNA-RoR played crucial roles in reprogramming toward pluripotency in humans, whereas a failure in its re-silence resulted in differentiation defects. (nih.gov)
FACS derived iPSC lines express common markers of pluripotency, and possess spontaneous differentiation potential in vitro and in vivo. (columbia.edu)
use but also to our understanding of the molecular basis of cell identity pluripotency and plasticity. (hiv-proteases.com)
Transcription factors have an important role in the ability of a cell to self-renew and also differentiate into most cell types, also known as pluripotency 1 . (biolegend.com)
This pluripotency enables these cells to produce daughter cells of all differentiated somatic cell types, germ cells, and cells of all three embryonic germ layers (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)
cell authentication (STR), pluripotency and undifferentiated state confirmation, molecular karyotype, g-banding and iPS growth pattern and morphology analysis. (lu.se)

NTERA-2 cells differentiate when exposed to retinoic acid and lose expression of SSEA-3. (wikipedia.org)
NTERA-2 cells can also produce a small number of oligodendrocyte-type cells, but they cannot differentiate into astrocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Eventually, the cells begin to differentiate, taking on a certain function in a part of the body. (healthline.com)
Adult stem cells can't differentiate into as many other types of cells as embryonic stem cells can. (healthline.com)
They can differentiate into all types of specialized cells in the body. (healthline.com)
The breakthrough has created a way to "de-differentiate" the stem cells. (healthline.com)
However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they "de-differentiate" and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. (jove.com)
Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESC) can either self-renew or differentiate in what was long thought to be a unidirectional manner towards increasingly specialized cell types of the three embryonic germ layers. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
Stem cells are unique due to their ability to limitlessly self-renew and differentiate into each cell type in the adult body. (biolegend.com)
The capability of these cells to differentiate depends on the stem cell type, the regulation of gene expression by various transcription factors and interaction with the stem cell niche 1,4 . (biolegend.com)
To delve further into the specifics, embryonic and adult stem cells fall into potency categories reflecting their ability to differentiate: totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, and unipotent. (papersowl.com)
Until recently, it was believed that they were tissue-specific…however, this concept has been challenged… (multipotent cells) can differentiate in vitro and in vivo into various cell types not only from the tissue of origin" (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)
Oligopotent stem cells, though not often widely discussed, have the ability to differentiate into a few cells (Kara et al. (papersowl.com)

Despite different origin, all pluripotent lines demonstrate considerable similarity of the major biological properties: active self-renewal and differentiation into various somatic and germ cells in vitro and in vivo, similar gene expression profiles, and similar cell cycle structure. (elsevierpure.com)

The ovarian microenvironment affects the proliferation and differentiation of OGSCs, and immune cells and related cytokines are important components of the microenvironment. (biomedcentral.com)
It is worth noting that the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells cannot be separated from the surrounding microenvironment, and immune system related cells are an important part of the microenvironment of the OGSCs nest [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The Church also supports research and therapies using adult stem cells, which are cells that come from any person who has been born - including umbilical cord blood, bone marrow, skin and other organs. (archstl.org)
Adult stem cells have a misleading name, because they are also found in infants and children. (healthline.com)
Scientists have recently discovered how to turn adult stem cells into pluripotent stem cells. (healthline.com)
Adult stem cells don't present any ethical problems. (healthline.com)
On a macro scale, the two classifications of stem cells are embryonic and adult stem cells. (papersowl.com)
In contrast, adult stem cells can only give rise to differentiated somatic cells of the particular tissue from which these cells originated (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)
Using these definitions, embryonic stem cells can be classified as totipotent or pluripotent at different developmental stages and locations, whereas adult stem cells can be categorized as pluripotent, multipotent, or unipotent (Figure 1). (papersowl.com)
In the early 1980s, scientists began to exploit two major classes of stem cells: embryonic and non-embryonic, or adult stem cells. (papersowl.com)
In mammals, physiological Wnt signaling is intimately involved with the biology of adult stem cells and self-renewing tissues (18,19). (hubrecht.eu)
Adult Stem Cells: The New Plastic Surgery? (scitizen.com)
27 Jun, 2008 05:23 pm A new article in Live Science predicts that adult stem cells may replace silicone breast implants and other contemporary plastic surgery techniques. (scitizen.com)

The NTERA-2 (also designated NTERA2/D1, NTERA2, or NT2) cell line is a clonally derived, pluripotent human embryonal carcinoma cell line. (wikipedia.org)
NTERA-2 cells were originally isolated from a lung metastasis from a 22-year-old male patient with primary embryonal carcinoma of the testis. (wikipedia.org)
1984). "Pluripotent embryonal carcinoma clones derived from the human teratocarcinoma cell line Tera-2. (wikipedia.org)
Human embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells are the stem cells of teratocarcinomas, and they are key components of germ cell tumors (GCTs). (sigmaaldrich.com)
The antigen is found on teratocarcinoma (embryonal carcinoma or EC), embryonic inner cell mass (but not morula or trophoblast), and embryonic stem (ES) cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
Sidebar Culture-derived Pluripotent Stem Cell lines Embryonal carcinoma cells (ECCs): derived from mouse teratocarcinomas these are the first PSC lines generated. (hiv-proteases.com)

Furthermore, gene silencing of TPT1 caused defects in neuronal differentiation in the NSPCs in vitro. (elsevierpure.com)

This antibody reacts with TRA-1-60 antigen that is expressed upon the surface of human tetracarcinoma stem cells (EC), human embryonic germ cells (EG) and human embryonic stem cells (ES). (sigmaaldrich.com)
Permanent lines of pluripotent stem cells can be obtained from humans and monkeys using different techniques and from different sources-inner cell mass of the blastocyst, primary germ cells, parthenogenetic oocytes, and mature spermatogonia-as well as by transgenic modification of various adult somatic cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Niikura [ 5 ] and others observed germ cells expressing Stra8 (stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8) in the ovarian surface epithelium, indicating that there may be germ cells with meiotic function in the ovary. (biomedcentral.com)

A clone is an organism that is a genetic copy of an existing one. (who.int)
Genetic Tagging During Human Mesoderm Differentiation Reveals Tripotent Lateral Plate Mesodermal Progenitors. (ca.gov)
To address this issue, we sub-cloned candidate human iPSC lines and deeply characterized their genetic properties using whole genome sequencing, their genomic stability upon CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing, and their phenotypic properties including differentiation to commonly used cell types. (ca.gov)
Therefore, the root for understanding the method of differentiation lies within the nucleus of the first fertilized ovum, that contains all of the genetic directions (DNA) to create all of the cell sort repertoire of the mature organism. (alliedacademies.org)
In 1962 he made the stunning observation that it was possible to take a differentiated adult cell from a frog and to re-set its genetic program so that the reprogrammed nucleus could be implanted in an enucleated egg and direct the development of tadpoles. (brandeis.edu)
These cells have been successfully used to treat children with blood cancers, such as leukemia, and certain genetic blood disorders. (healthline.com)
Use of hiPSCs circumvents the ethical controversies associated with hESCs or nt-hESCs and as one can easily generate hiPSCs that match the genetic background of any individual this offers an ideal platform for cell replacement therapy and disease modeling. (hiv-proteases.com)
In addition, as the genetic identity of the donor egg from which the ESCs are derived most likely will differ from that of potential recipients, patients who receive ESC-derived cells or tissues may face the same complications that result from organ transplantation (for example, immunorejection, graft-versus-host disease, and need for immunosuppression). (biomedcentral.com)

Rb homeostasis is also essential for self-renewal and survival of human embryonic stem cells 10 . (biolegend.com)
A stem cell commences as an undifferentiated cell that can either undergo self-renewal, whereby it generates daughter cells that remain as stem cells, or mature into a specific cell type via differentiation (Can/Hematol 2008). (papersowl.com)

CEPT improved routine cell passaging, cryopreservation/thawing of pluripotent and differentiated cells, embryoid body and organoid formation, single-cell cloning, genome editing, and new iPSC line generation. (labroots.com)
These data were used to analyze possible factors of the genome and epigenome instability in pluripotent lines. (elsevierpure.com)
Instead of removing the egg genome prior to nuclear transfer, he and his colleagues added the somatic cell nucleus directly to the intact egg. (the-scientist.com)
For the first time researchers can now compare iPSC differentiation to the same process an egg goes through after the transfer of a somatic cell genome. (the-scientist.com)

2. Over the years, the international community has tried without success to build a consensus on an international convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
7. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa is invited to review this document for information and guidance concerning reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)
2) To achieve 20 years of combined 4 key biotechnologies of 21st century such as animal cloning techniques, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cell), Transgenic animals, advanced reproductive technology, and modern breeding applications in medicine and agriculture. (edu.vn)
3) To provide high-level research and education for graduate students in the field of stem cell, cellular reprogramming, assisted reproductive technology, and transgenic animals. (edu.vn)
Marking a vast leap in reproductive therapy, it became possible to isolate these human embryonic stem cells for reproductive purposes, such as in vitro fertilization. (papersowl.com)

The Catholic Church has always held that stem-cell research and therapies are morally acceptable, as long as they don't involve the creation and destruction of human embryos. (archstl.org)
Embryonic stem cells come from human embryos that are three to five days old. (healthline.com)
Rossant, J. & Vijh, K. M. Ability of outside cells from preimplantation mouse embryos to form inner cell mass derivatives. (nature.com)
A couple of studies show some success in generating early microscopic embryos, but this [study] is the first successful pluripotent stem cell line," said Daley. (the-scientist.com)
This could help researchers identify abnormalities in iPSC differentiation, correct them, and develop pluripotent stem cells that don't harbor tumorigenic qualities and do not require the use of human embryos. (the-scientist.com)
SCNT allows generating ESCs (ntESC) from cloned embryos obtained through injection of a somatic nucleus into an enucleated oocyte. (hiv-proteases.com)
The potential use of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) for cell replacement therapies is limited by ethical concerns and the technical hurdles associated with their isolation from human embryos. (biomedcentral.com)

We recently showed that some human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) clones were defective in neural differentiation and were marked with the activation of long term repeats (LTRs) of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs). (nih.gov)
However, differentiation-defective iPSC clones maintained high LTR expression levels, which indicated that these clones failed to complete reprogramming. (nih.gov)
The expression of KLF4 was low in normal iPSC clones, but remained high in differentiation-defective clones. (nih.gov)
All GS-2 iPSC clones displayed a normal karyotype (46XX or 46XY) and were shown to express the same RAB27A gene mutation that was present in the original somatic donor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Using the lentiviral transfer of OSKM, we were able to generate different iPSC clones from 3 GS-2 patients. (biomedcentral.com)

The forced expression of KLF4 in human embryonic stem cells led to the activation of LTRs and defects in neural differentiation. (nih.gov)

Well, the joke's on us still because when humans clone animals, the clones' telomere lengths aren't reestablished at a youthful age. (rechargebiomedical.com)
All humans start out as only one cell. (healthline.com)
In humans, somatic transfer has been less fruitful-the egg cell quits dividing and often dies after nuclear transfer. (the-scientist.com)
While promising, these cells were solely murine-derived, limiting their applicability to humans. (papersowl.com)
2002). In humans, SSEA4 is expressed by building the nervous system but also for their prospec- nonneural cells such as the erythrocytes (Kannagi et al. (lu.se)
Our results showed that inflamed and non-inflamed dental pulps neither from humans nor from rats presented mast cells. (bvsalud.org)
Since mast cells are active during inflammatory responses it becomes crucial to find out if these cells are actually present and play a role in dental pulp under normal and inflammatory conditions either in humans or in rats. (bvsalud.org)
Therefore, the purpose of the present work was, under the same experimental conditions, to identify mast cells in healthy and inflamed dental pulp from rats and humans using toluidine blue histochemistry and immunohistochemistry techniques. (bvsalud.org)

However, the molecular pathways that lead to specification and terminal differentiation of specific cell types, such as myocytes, from embryonic stem cells during development are not entirely clear. (justia.com)

Current methods to derive induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from human dermal fibroblasts by viral infection rely on expensive and lengthy protocols. (columbia.edu)
One major factor contributing to the time required to derive lines is the ability of researchers to identify fully reprogrammed unique candidate clones from a mixed cell population containing transformed or partially reprogrammed cells and fibroblasts at an early time point post infection. (columbia.edu)
The microenvironment, consisting of lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, endothelial elements, and stroma in which hematopoietic cells reside, creates a regulatory niche that determines the local area network. (medscape.com)

After differentiating the mutant and corrected cells into lung organoids, we show expression of SFTPB mRNA during endodermal and organoid differentiation but the protein product only after organoid differentiation. (nature.com)
The Organoid group, previously Clevers group, studies the molecular mechanisms of tissue development and cancer of various organs using organoids made from adult Lgr5 stem cells. (hubrecht.eu)
These epithelial organoid cultures are genetically and phenotypically extremely stable, allowing transplantation of the cultured offspring of a single stem cell, as well as disease modeling by growing organoids directly from diseased patient tissues (32, 47, 53). (hubrecht.eu)

The need to control differentiation of embryonic stem cells in vitro presents another set of challenges. (ddw-online.com)

Processes of cell differentiation, apoptosis, regulation and control of the function of stem cells. (liu.se)
STAT3 protein belongs to a group of intracellular transcription factors that mediate a variety of functions such as cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. (biolegend.com)
Accelerated hematopoietic cell apoptosis has been demonstrated in virtually all IBMFS. (medscape.com)

In 1988 he first identified and isolated the blood-forming stem cells from mice and went on to define the stages of development between the stem cells and differentiated cells of the immune system. (brandeis.edu)
RUNX1-deficient mice fail to generate hematopoietic stem cells. (biolegend.com)
Histone deacetylase inhibitor scriptaid rescues full-term development in cloned inbred mice by enhancing nascent mRNA production.Reproduction, 138: 309-317, 2009(IF: 3.413). (edu.vn)
2013: the first time in the world to have 25 generation of cloned mice from 1 somatic cell. (edu.vn)
The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is com- isolate the NSCs from neonatal mice and rats (Campos monly used as a cell surface marker to identify the pluri- et al. (lu.se)

The shortage of donors and the potential of universal HLA-null platelet products have stimulated research on the ex vivo differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to platelets. (hokudai.ac.jp)
We recently established expandable immortalized megakaryocyte cell lines (imMKCLs) from hPSCs by transducing MYC, BMI1, and BCL-XL (MBX). (hokudai.ac.jp)
Clinical translation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) requires advanced strategies that ensure safe and robust long-term growth and functional differentiation. (labroots.com)
This four-part small molecule cocktail, which we named CEPT (Chroman 1, Emricasan, trans-ISRIB, Polyamines), enhanced cell survival of genetically stable hPSCs by simultaneously blocking several stress mechanisms that otherwise compromise cell structure and function. (labroots.com)

ZO-2 and ZO-3 are ubiquitously expressed within epithelial tight junctions, and unlike ZO-1, which is also expressed at cell junctions of cardiac myocytes, ZO-2 is not expressed in nonepithelial tissue. (thermofisher.com)
This means they can potentially produce new cells for any organ or tissue. (healthline.com)
For example, retinal cells that could be used to replace damaged retinal tissue. (jove.com)
With the right mix of nutrients and a little bit of coaxing, human stem cells derived from skin can assemble spontaneously into brain-like chunks of tissue. (cbc-network.org)
The researchers found that tissue chunks cultured from stem cells derived from the skin of a single human with microcephaly did not grow as big as clumps grown from stem cells derived from a healthy person. (cbc-network.org)
XI - embryonic stem cells: embryonic cells that are capable of modifying the cells of any organism tissue. (hinxtongroup.org)
These cells represent the epithelial stem cells of the small intestine and colon (23), the hair follicle (24), the stomach (28) and many other tissue stem cell types. (hubrecht.eu)
8 Jun, 2007 04:13 pm Stem cells provide the starting material for the development and repair of every organ and tissue in the body and they are present in all stages of life. (scitizen.com)
Recent news of an impending clinical cell transplantation trial in Parkinson's disease using parthenogenetic stem cells as a source of donor tissue have raised hopes in the patient community and sparked discussion in the research community. (lu.se)
The activation of these cells leads to the release of chemical mediators such as histamine and arachidonic acid metabolites, which increase vascular permeability and tissue swelling 9 . (bvsalud.org)

1. Cloning is an umbrella term traditionally used by scientists to describe different processes for duplicating biological material. (who.int)
Since stem cells have the ability to turn into various other types of cells, scientists believe that they can be useful for treating and understanding diseases. (healthline.com)
Scientists are hoping that the cells can be made from someone's own skin to treat a disease. (healthline.com)
These technologies possess arisen in light of a series of fundamental questions scientists have asked in the last century regarding the processes and the mechanisms of cellular differentiation. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
Our scientists have developed a wide array of stem cell-focused reagents and resources for many applications including flow cytometry , western blotting , ELISAs , and recombinant proteins for cell differentiation. (biolegend.com)
The induced pluripotent stem cell breakthrough continues to be useful in the very ways that "the scientists" once said only human cloning could provide. (cbc-network.org)
This is terrific but it won't stop "the scientists" from researching human cloning. (cbc-network.org)

In this study, we reveal from the gene expression profiles of several MKCL clones that the proliferation arrest is correlated with the expression levels of specific cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. (hokudai.ac.jp)
Resolution of cell fate decisions revealed by single-cell gene expression analysis from zygote to blastocyst. (nature.com)
In reality, gene somatic cells to a pluripotent cell state by a handful of transcrip- expression is graded, making the potential gene expression tion factors (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006). (lu.se)

Conditional transgene expression in human stem cells has been difficult to achieve due to the low efficiency of existing delivery methods, the strong silencing of the transgenes and the toxicity of the regulators. (nih.gov)
In the present study, we aim the generation of Tet-On all-in-one lentiviral vectors (LVs) that tightly regulate transgene expression in human stem cells using the original TetR repressor. (nih.gov)
To our knowledge, Lent-On-Plus is the first all-in-one vector system that tightly regulates transgene expression in bulk populations of human pluripotent stem cells and its progeny. (nih.gov)
Episomal transgene expression in pluripotent stem cells. (ox.ac.uk)

Later he showed that differentiated cell nuclei could give rise to fertile adult frogs. (brandeis.edu)
SCNT and experiments involving fusions between PSCs and somatic cells (Figure 1 (g)) demonstrate that factors present in the egg and in PSCs have the ability to reset somatic nuclei to a pluripotent state 7. (hiv-proteases.com)

Microsurgery and genetics reveal the logic of developmental control: Gene cloning and sequencing reveal. (alliedacademies.org)
Initial hypotheses in the late 1800s advocated that cellular differentiation happens through permanent deficits of hereditary info.10 However German embryologists Hans Dreisch and Hans Spemann found that separation of the early blastomeres of recently fertilized animal eggs generates two fully-formed animals.11 These "twinning" experiments challenged the hypothesis that cells permanently shed developmental potential as they become more differentiated. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
Figure 1 Sources of pluripotent Stem Cells Table 1 Molecular and functional assays to assess the developmental potential of PSCs. (hiv-proteases.com)

For example, hematopoietic stem cells are a type of adult stem cell found in bone marrow. (healthline.com)
Doctors have been performing stem cell transplants, also known as bone marrow transplants, for decades using hematopoietic stem cells in order to treat certain types of cancer. (healthline.com)
Hematopoietic stem cells, which can produce several different types of blood cells, are prime examples of multipotency. (papersowl.com)

Lgr5 resides in Wnt receptor complexes and mediates signaling of the Wnt-agonistic R-spondins (31), explaining the unique dependence of Lgr5 stem cells on secreted R-spondins in vivo and in vitro. (hubrecht.eu)

Multipotent stem cells are capable of forming many, but not all, cell types of the body. (papersowl.com)

The biological properties and clinical potential of stem cells elicit that are generated must not be unduly sensitive to small fluctu- continued scientific, commercial, and public interest. (lu.se)
Based on discussions held by a global collaborative initiative on translation of stem cell therapy in Parkinson's disease, we have identified a set of key questions that we believe should be addressed ahead of every clinical stem cell-based transplantation trial in this disorder. (lu.se)
Stem cell-based therapies for Parkinson's dis- ogy company International Stem Cell Corporation ease (PD) are rapidly moving towards clinical trials. (lu.se)
A second press release [2] has indicated stem cell source, resulting in widespread excitement that the program is planning to move forward very rapidly, with all of the patients being enrolled in the Correspondence to: Roger A. Barker, John van Geest Centre first quarter of 2016 and interim results being shared for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Univer- in October 2016. (lu.se)

They also express nestin and vimentin, which are found in neuroepithelial precursor cells, as well as microtubule-associated proteins expressed in human neuroepithelium. (wikipedia.org)
Differentiation produces neurons via asymmetric cell division, and these cells form interconnected axon networks and express tetanus toxin receptors and neurofilament proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Every variety of cells in an exceedingly mature organism includes a distinctive assortment of proteins. (alliedacademies.org)
The blueprints for creating these proteins area unit found within the nucleus of every cell within the variety of DNA (DNA). (alliedacademies.org)
Use of feeder layers requires two cell types to be maintained in parallel and introduces mouse proteins into the culture system. (ddw-online.com)

Cancer cells rewire the cellular metabolism, persuading it to meet new demands of growth and proliferation. (bvsalud.org)
Their real-time microelectronic sensor-based analysis had high sensitivity and relied on reading the impedance of cells applied to microelectrodes to detect specific cellular processes through quantification over time. (listlabs.com)
The cellular elements of blood originate from the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell. (medscape.com)

We then shared KOLF2.1J with groups around the world who tested its performance in head-to-head comparisons with their own preferred iPSC lines across a diverse range of differentiation protocols and functional assays. (ca.gov)

This new technique could be used to develop stem cell lines without use of controversial. (scitizen.com)

Alveolar type II (ATII) epithelial cells synthesize, secrete and recycle all components of surfactant and dysfunction in surfactant metabolism can result in a variety of pediatric lung diseases including respiratory distress syndrome and interstitial lung disease 3 . (nature.com)

Its Molecular Mechanisms the process of cell specialization throughout development is termed differentiation. (alliedacademies.org)
The TRA-1-60 monoclonal antibody reacts with the neuraminidase-resistant form of a pluripotent-stem-cell-specific epitope on a high-molecular-weight transmembrane glycoprotein. (bdbiosciences.com)
In APC-deficient colon carcinoma cells, we demonstrated that ß-catenin accumulates and is constitutively complexed with the TCF family member TCF4, providing a molecular explanation for the initiation of colon cancer (5). (hubrecht.eu)
basic characterization, including cell authentication (STR), undifferentiated state (FACS) and molecular karyotyping. (lu.se)

That's why the first cloned sheep, "Dolly", had a telomere age and physiology that came with the donor's mileage. (rechargebiomedical.com)

Anatomy62

Organisms11

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs78

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment35

Phenomena and Processes65

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

IPSCs26

Embryo14

Regenerative medicine5

Progenitor16

Somatic cell nuc8

Genes18

Epigenetic8

Embryonic stem7

Lineage12

Lineages6

Upon differentiation1

Therapeutic11

Pluripotency6

Differentiate13

Vitro and in vivo1

Proliferation and differentiation2

Adult stem11

Embryonal6

Neuronal differentiation1

Germ cells3

Genetic8

Self-renewal2

Genome4

Reproductive7

Embryos7

IPSC clones5

Neural differentiation1

Humans8

Terminal differentiation1

Fibroblasts3

Organoid3

Control differentiation1

Apoptosis3

Mice5

HPSCs4

Tissue10

Scientists7

Gene Expression3

Transgene expression4

Nuclei2

Developmental3

Hematopoietic stem3

Vivo and in vitro1

Multipotent Stem1

Clinical4

Proteins5

Cellular3

Functional assays1

Stem cell lines1

Epithelial cells1

Molecular4

Dolly1