• In this Chapter, we dissect the proof-of-principle studies that demonstrated that cellular reprogramming to pluripotency can be induced in vivo, in spite of unfavorable pro-differentiation signals present within the tissues. (springer.com)
  • Establishment of germ-line-competent embryonic stem (ES) cells using differentiation inhibiting activity. (springer.com)
  • Epigenetic regulation and transcriptional reprogramming both play critical roles during stem cell differentiation and lineage commitment. (stemcellsportal.com)
  • Later, it was discovered that the levels of certain microRNAs inside cells changed as differentiation progressed. (eurekalert.org)
  • Researchers at the Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CTC) in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo State, have now investigated the functioning of 31 miRNAs observed in human ESCs and identified signaling pathways involved in both pluripotency and differentiation. (eurekalert.org)
  • After culture for three to four?days, automated image acquisition and analysis were performed to evaluate the effects on pluripotency maintenance and differentiation. (eurekalert.org)
  • Stem cells self-renew and generate specialized progeny through differentiation, but vary in the range of cells and tissues they generate, a property called developmental potency. (nih.gov)
  • To enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of this differentiation event in humans, we used a functional genomics approach involving RNA interference-mediated suppression of OCT4 function in a human ESC line and analysis of the resulting transcriptional profiles to identify OCT4-dependent genes in human cells. (mpg.de)
  • In addition, we identified a number of differentially expressed genes that are involved in epigenetics, chromatin remodeling, apoptosis, and metabolism that may point to underlying molecular mechanisms that regulate pluripotency and trophoblast differentiation in humans. (mpg.de)
  • Significant concordance between this data set and previous comparisons between inner cell mass and trophectoderm in human embryos indicates that the study of human ESC differentiation in vitro represents a useful model of early embryonic differentiation in humans. (mpg.de)
  • It has been reported that Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6), a member of the sirtuin family of NAD + -dependent protein deacetylases, is involved in embryonic stem cell differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • OP9 feeder cell co-culture system was used to measure the hematopoietic differentiation from mouse ES and iPS cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, we showed that Sirt6-null iPS-like cell line has intrinsically a differentiation defect even though the establishment of normal self-renewal. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To further understand the epigenetic regulators for specific lineage differentiation from iPS cell would have great significance for potential regeneration therapy and human disease modeling [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During the preparation of our manuscript, another group reported that Sirt6 knockout ES cells skewed towards neuroectoderm differentiation [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • But the exact role of Sirt6 in mouse somatic reprogramming and iPS cell differentiation remains unrevealed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we employed a human pancreatic differentiation platform complemented with an shRNA screen in human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to identify potential drivers of early endoderm and pancreatic development. (mdpi.com)
  • Induced pluripotency provides a tool to explore mechanisms underlying establishment, maintenance, and differentiation of naive pluripotent stem cells (nPSCs). (cam.ac.uk)
  • This includes the analysis of genes in germline stem cell proliferation and differentiation. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • The Notch signaling pathway is definitely highly conserved and regulates the proliferation and differentiation of many unique progenitor cell and stem cell types 27. (healthy-nutrition-plan.com)
  • In pores and skin Notch promotes differentiation by directly activating expression which in turn blocks proliferation and induces the differentiation of keratinocyte stem cell populations 29 30 We consequently hypothesized that inhibition STF 118804 of Notch in keratinocytes might enhance iPSC generation by inhibiting differentiation and enriching more easily reprogrammed STF 118804 progenitor cells. (healthy-nutrition-plan.com)
  • As ES cells progressed down a differentiation pathway, the levels of HERV-H RNA decreased progressively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The recent advances in transcriptomics technologies have created new opportunities to decipher the genes involved in pluripotency, genetic network that governs the unique properties of embryonic stem cells and lineage differentiation mechanisms in a deeper scale. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our analysis revealed a consensus set of 498 pluripotency-associated genes and 432 genes as potential pluripotent cell differentiation markers. (bvsalud.org)
  • We have recently demonstrated that peripheral blood monocytes can be differentiated in vitro into hepatocyte-like cells using appropriate differentiation media. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Expression of the pluripotency-associated OCT4A isoform was paralleled by a global rise in histone H3 methylation on Lys-4, a marker of active chromatin, and coincided with peak sensitivity to tissue-specific differentiation. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • These results show that peripheral blood monocytes can be induced in vitro to transiently acquire stem cell-like properties and concomitantly a state of increased differentiation potential toward the hepatocytic phenotype. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Here, we present a quantitative and comprehensive study of the abundance levels of histone PTMs during the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) using mass spectrometry (MS). We observed dynamic changes of histone PTMs including increased H3K9 methylation levels in agreement with previously reported results. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Together, our data demonstrate the fundamental role of Brd4 in monitoring cell differentiation through its interaction with acetylated histone marks and disruption of Brd4 may cause aberrant differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the limited amount of stem cells and their tendency to undergo spontaneous differentiation upon extended propagation in vitro restrict their practical application. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, MDLS could promote teratoma formation and enhanced differentiation potential of P19 cells in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, whether Cisd2 affects mitochondrial function to further modulate stem cell biology and cellular differentiation during early development remains unclear. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
  • Mitochondria regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, particularly in osteoblasts and adipocytes [12C14]. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
  • Embryoid body-mediated osteogenic differentiation For embryoid body (EB) formation, miPSCs were dissociated into a single cell suspension using Notch1 0.25% trypsin-EDTA and plated onto nonadherent bacterial culture dishes at a density of 2? (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
  • Aims In vitro expansion changes replication and differentiation capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), increasing challenges and risks, while limiting the sufficient number of MSCs required for cytotherapy. (mendeley.com)
  • Here, we characterized and compared proliferation, differentiation, telomere length and pluripotency marker expression in MSCs of various origins. (mendeley.com)
  • Quantitative PCR was performed for relative telomere length (RTL) analyses, while expression of relevant genes for pluripotency markers, differentiation state (Cbfa1, human placental alkaline phosphatase, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor, Sox9 and Collagen II a1), and telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) was determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR. (mendeley.com)
  • What makes characterization challenging is that heterogeneity within a given stem cell population can cause variability in the differentiation into important downstream lineages, such as cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes. (genengnews.com)
  • However, researchers have indicated that BMP-4 also induces differentiation of other pluripotent stem cells, including human ES cells. (u-tokyo.ac.jp)
  • Also, under/over-expression studies of the master regulator Oct4 have revealed that some self-renewal/pluripotency as well as differentiation genes are expressed in a biphasic manner with respect to the concentration of Oct4. (lu.se)
  • The model also predicts that reprogramming the network from a differentiated state, in particular the endoderm state, into a stem cell state, is best achieved by over-expressing Nanog, rather than by suppression of differentiation genes such as Gata-6. (lu.se)
  • TFs being expressed and the downstream differentiation target been established as candidates to regulate both pluripotency and genes being shut off [11]. (lu.se)
  • Aim: To detect the expression of molecules associated with Notch signaling pathway in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) cultured in specific differentiation medium, namely, keratinocyte growth medium (KGM). (bvsalud.org)
  • Notch-1, Jagged-1, Jagged-2, and stem cell marker Nanog are expressed in SHED cultured in KGM which may be involved in the differentiation into epithelial-like cells in human dental pulp tissues. (bvsalud.org)
  • Since the Notch signaling pathway molecules play an important role in differentiation of epithelial cells, it is important to identify the presence of notch signaling molecules in SHED during the process of cell differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Notch signaling pathway provides important intercellular signaling mechanisms essential for cell fate specification and it regulates differentiation and proliferation of stem or progenitor cells by para-inducing effects 3-4 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Notch signaling pathway is also involved in the regulation of epithelial cell differentiation in various tissues 5-6 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Many existing protocols for neuronal differentiation of human pluripotent cells result in heterogeneous cell populations and unsynchronized differentiation, necessitating the development of methods for labeling specific cell populations. (lu.se)
  • We provide detailed protocols for lentiviral transduction, neural differentiation, and subsequent analysis of human embryonic stem cells. (lu.se)
  • Human B cells were isolated from human cord blood and transduced with viral vectors expressing Oct4, Sox2, KLF4 and c-Myc. (ca.gov)
  • They were able to induce a pluripotent state in differentiated cells by introducing four transcription factors, OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC, and KLF4 by retroviral infection, hence the name "induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (biologists.com)
  • Although the mechanism of how these factors induced pluripotency in somatic cells is not completely understood, it is clear that the endogenous pluripotency genes OCT4 , SOX2 and NANOG were activated and, in turn, re-activated the autoregulatory loop that could maintain the pluripotent state independent of the transgenes. (biologists.com)
  • examined individual clones and found that endogenous pluripotency gene expression was activated and the promoters of OCT4 and NANOG , which are usually heavily methylated in differentiated cells, were demethylated in the newly converted iPS cells. (biologists.com)
  • Somatic cells can be inefficiently and stochastically reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells by exogenous expression of Oct4 (also called Pou5f1), Sox2, Klf4 and Myc (hereafter referred to as OSKM). (umn.edu)
  • The researchers also measured, in each well, the level of two proteins found to be pluripotency markers, OCT4 and cyclin B1. (eurekalert.org)
  • The POU domain transcription factor OCT4 is a key regulator of pluripotency in the early mammalian embryo and is highly expressed in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst. (mpg.de)
  • Consistent with its essential role in maintaining pluripotency, Oct4 expression is rapidly downregulated during formation of the trophoblast lineage. (mpg.de)
  • Mouse somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by defined factors known to regulate pluripotency, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Differentiated somatic cells can be reprogrammed into a pluripotent-like state through four defined factors known to regulate pluripotency, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Similar strong association was observed between HERV-H and the binding sites within ES cells for the pluripotency transcription factors NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PCMOs expressed various markers of human embryonic stem cells with early induction of NANOG and OCT4. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Genome-wide ChIP-seq mapping showed that Brd4 and H4 acetylation are co-occupied in the genome, upstream of core pluripotency genes such as Oct4 and Nanog in ESCs and lineage-specific genes in embryoid bodies (EBs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Octamer-binding transcription factor-4 (Oct4), a transcription factor belongs to the POU transcription factor family Class V, is fundamental for maintaining self-renewal ability and pluripotency of stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, we found that in the presence of LIF, MDLS could replace feeder cells to maintain the undifferentiated state of OG2-mES cells (Oct4-GFP reporter gene mouse embryonic stem cell line), and the MDLS-expanded OG2-mES cells showed an elevated expression levels of pluripotency markers in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Accordingly, Oct4 is the most significant target for inducing reprogramming and maintaining pluripotency. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Background: Recent studies have associated the transcription factors, Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog as parts of a self-regulating network which is responsible for maintaining embryonic stem cell properties: self renewal and pluripotency. (lu.se)
  • At the core of the network reside Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog, into embryonic stem cells [1,2,3,4,5], have made major inroads which form a self-organized core of the TFs maintaining into stem cell biology. (lu.se)
  • Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. (springer.com)
  • Evans MD, Kelley J. US attitudes toward human embryonic stem cell research. (springer.com)
  • Molecular cloning and characterization analysis of HPESCRG1, a novel gene expressed specifically in human embryonic stem cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • therefore, they are essential for cell reprogramming and maintaining human embryonic stem cell identity [11]. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
  • The stem cell field witnessed a genuine breakthrough when a combination of solely four transcription factors ( Oct3 / 4 , Sox2 , Klf4 and c-Myc, OSKM ) proved enough to revert, in vitro, the differentiated status of a variety of cell types back to pluripotency, giving rise to so-called induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. (springer.com)
  • Sox2 modulation increases naïve pluripotency plasticity. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Strikingly, upon the removal of self-renewing cues Sox2-low nPSCs differentiate into both embryonic and extraembryonic cell fates in vitro and in vivo. (cam.ac.uk)
  • At the single-cell level self-renewing Sox2-low nPSCs exhibit a naive molecular signature. (cam.ac.uk)
  • In sum, this work defines wild-type levels of Sox2 as a restrictor of developmental potential and suggests perturbation of naive network as a mechanism to increase cell plasticity. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Current human pluripotent stem cells lack the transcription factor circuitry that regulates the ground state of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC), the scientists found that short-term expression of two components, NANOG and KLF2, is sufficient to ignite other elements of the network and reset the human pluripotent state. (epigenie.com)
  • Pluripotency marker (Nanog, Oct-4, SOX-2, SSEA-4) expression was determined by immunofluorescence. (mendeley.com)
  • RNA was reverse-transcribed to obtain the cDNA and then proceeded with PCR using specific primers for the Notch signaling pathway molecules (Notch1, Jagged-1, Jagged-2 and, Hes1) as well as stem cell marker (Nanog). (bvsalud.org)
  • we present that inhibition of Notch considerably improves the performance of iPSC era from mouse and individual keratinocytes by suppressing p21 within a p53-unbiased manner and thus enriching for undifferentiated cells with the capacity of long-term self-renewal. (healthy-nutrition-plan.com)
  • Colony formation assay, sphere-forming ability assay, alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity assay and teratoma-formation assay were used to assess the role of modaline sulfate (MDLS) in promoting self-renewal and reinforcing pluripotency of P19 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, MDLS significantly promoted the self-renewal capacity of P19 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These findings demonstrated, for the first time, that MDLS could maintain self-renewal and pluripotency of stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • What emerges is a relatively small core of pluripotency and self-renewal [6,7,8]. (lu.se)
  • SCs are not only capable of maintaining themselves (self-renewal) but also give rise to a proliferative 'transit amplifying' compartment and ultimately to postmitotic differentiated cells with specialized functions. (medscape.com)
  • By contrast, transit amplifying cells and differentiated cells are incapable of self-renewal and tissue regeneration. (medscape.com)
  • The developmental progression of embryonic stem cells into specialist cell types involves the activation of lineage-specific programs of gene expression and the silencing of genes involved in maintaining pluripotency. (ca.gov)
  • Then, in 2016, a team of Harvard Medical School scientists discovered that a previously unsuspected family of proteins that regulate cell division and cell shape had a secret skill: building bacterial walls. (harvard.edu)
  • It seems all that was needed for human stem cells to maintain their pluripotent state, was just a little transcriptional rewiring. (epigenie.com)
  • Defining stem-cell potency relies upon functional assays and diagnostic transcriptional, epigenetic and metabolic states. (nih.gov)
  • Particularly, by performing transcriptome analysis, we observed that several pluripotent transcriptional factors increase in knockout cell line, which explains the underlying loss of pluripotency in Sirt6-null iPS-like cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Subsequently, the latter interactions, which are largely depleted during early pre-implantation development in vivo, lead to a stochastic and protracted reprogramming trajectory towards pluripotency in vitro. (umn.edu)
  • It can be concluded that reprogramming somatic cells in vivo may offer a potential approach to induce enhanced pluripotency rapidly, efficiently, and safely compared to in vitro performed protocols and can be applied to different tissue types in the future. (nyu.edu)
  • Phenotype conversion required prior in vitro culture in the presence of M-CSF, IL-3, and human serum, during which the cells acquired a state of plasticity, so were termed "programmable cells of monocytic origin" (PCMO). (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Pluripotent cells can be differentiated into many different cell types in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, one of the bottlenecks in the stem cell therapy is that stem cells tend to differentiate into other types of cells during culture in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, finding a way to effectively maintain the pluripotency of stem cells cultured in vitro is important for the application of stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Another assay used to verify functional pluripotency is in vitro embryoid body formation. (genengnews.com)
  • 12 South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China. (nih.gov)
  • This Collection highlights selected articles from across the Nature Portfolio that document the recent progress in understanding the biology of Extracellular Vesicle-mediated cell-cell communication and advances in clinical translation of EVs. (nature.com)
  • This collection highlights recent papers published in Nature Portfolio journals on topics across embryonic development & stem cells, reproductive biology, synthetic tissues & embryo models, clinical & translational research and tissue stem cells. (nature.com)
  • The implications of the Gurdon/Yamanaka discovery have been wide-ranging and continue to help scientists understand cell biology and development. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
  • Ewen Callaway investigates a new field in cell biology. (nature.com)
  • There are a large number of experimental studies on human embryonic stem cells ( hESCs ) being routinely conducted for unfolding the underlying biology of embryogenesis and their clinical prospects. (bvsalud.org)
  • To take human organ generation via BC and transplantation to the next step, we reviewed current emerging organ generation technologies and the associated efficiency of chimera formation in human cells from the standpoint of developmental biology. (frontiersin.org)
  • During the past three years we have identified the folding patterns of human embryonic stem cells to iPS cells derived from human B cells, differentiated progeny and mechanisms that orchestrate the folding patterns of genomes. (ca.gov)
  • The mechanisms controlling lysosome abundance in cells and how changes in lysosome pool size impact physiological and pathophysiological processes are discussed. (nature.com)
  • These cells can be analyzed in labs to uncover the underlying mechanisms of the disease, including the identification of new genetic and environmental causes. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
  • In keeping with their suggested mechanisms of actions these chemical substances generally function in mobile intermediates that occur past due in reprogramming catalyzing their last transformation into iPSCs 19 22 It really is presently unclear whether known chemical substances are enough for producing iPSCs from adult individual cells which are consistently more difficult to reprogram than mouse embryonic fibroblasts 23. (healthy-nutrition-plan.com)
  • Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis , StemChecker and literature survey confirmed the involvement of the genes in the induction and maintenance of pluripotency, though more experimental studies are required for understanding their molecular mechanisms in human . (bvsalud.org)
  • However, though BC is emerging as a potential organ transplant option, challenges regarding organ size scalability, immune system incompatibilities, long-term maintenance, potential evolutionary distance, or unveiled mechanisms between donor and host cells remain. (frontiersin.org)
  • Pluripotent stem cells have great potential for use in regenerative medicine and are an important tool for understanding developmental and disease mechanisms. (genengnews.com)
  • The molecular mechanisms which explain the paradoxical roles of BMP-4 in pluripotent stem cells remain unknown. (u-tokyo.ac.jp)
  • The therapeutic application of stem cells requires the elucidation of how epigenetic factors control lineage commitment. (stemcellsportal.com)
  • BRD4, an epigenetic regulator and transcription factor, binds to acetylated histones in super-enhancer regions and regulates the expression of essential pluripotency genes. (stemcellsportal.com)
  • Some epigenetic imprinting remained, the telomeres length was not fully restored, and the descendants of these cells entered senescence prematurely. (biologists.com)
  • Several strategies have been used to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that include nucleic acid and non-nucleic acidbased approaches, with and without epigenetic modifications. (nebraska.edu)
  • It's the first time that scientists have shown they can get stem cells to revert to their original state by erasing specific labels called epigenetic markers. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Role of indole curcumin in the epigenetic activation of apoptosis and cell cycle regulating genes. (cdc.gov)
  • Taken together, we have identified a new regulatory role of Sirt6 in reprogramming and maintenance of pluripotency. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Researchers have discovered what enables embryonic stem cells to differentiate into diverse cell types and thus to be pluripotent. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Researchers of the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Berlin-Buch have discovered what enables embryonic stem cells to differentiate into diverse cell types and thus to be pluripotent. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Individual clones were able to differentiate into cells expressing markers of all three germ layers as well as form teratomas with organ-like structures typical of all three embryonic lineages. (biologists.com)
  • Studies showed that any given population of ESCs could be very heterogeneous and that their potential pluripotency, or capacity to differentiate into other cell types, could vary both among cells from the same embryo and from one lineage to another. (eurekalert.org)
  • Validating the pluripotent status (ability to differentiate into specialized cells of all three germ layers) of your culture is a critical step in stem cell research. (takarabio.com)
  • The Pluripotency Check PCR Kit can be used to validate the pluripotent status (ability to differentiate into specialized cells of all three germ layers) of your stem cell culture. (takarabio.com)
  • Human pluripotent stem cells, with their ability to proliferate indefinitely and to differentiate into virtually all cell types of the human body, provide a novel resource to study human development and to implement relevant disease models. (mdpi.com)
  • Moreover, comparison of transcriptomes between hiPSCs cultured with CCL2 versus with bFGF, we found that CCL2 activates hypoxia related genes, suggesting that CCL2 enhanced pluripotency by inducing a hypoxic-like response.Further, we show that hiPSCs cultured with CCL2 can differentiate at a higher efficiency than culturing withjust bFGF and we show CCL2 can be used in feeder-free conditions [corrected]. (edu.sa)
  • This differs from previous studies which only identified conditions that allowed cells to differentiate to one fate or the other. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The defining characteristics of pluripotent stem cells, which include embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, are straightforward: their ability to self-renew and differentiate into ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm germ layers. (genengnews.com)
  • The most widely accepted method for determining whether a population of cells is truly pluripotent is the teratoma assay, that is, verifying in vivo a cell population's ability to differentiate into each of the three germ layers via teratoma formation in mice. (genengnews.com)
  • SHED was able to differentiate into epithelial like cells when cultured in keratinocyte growth medium (KGM) 2 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Our findings uncover a dichotomous molecular function for the reprogramming factors, serving to reactivate endogenous pluripotency networks while simultaneously directly recruiting the Mbd3/NuRD repressor complex that potently restrains the reactivation of OSKM downstream target genes. (umn.edu)
  • Here we show that depleting Mbd3, a core member of the Mbd3/NuRD (nucleosome remodelling and deacetylation) repressor complex, together with OSKM transduction and reprogramming in naive pluripotency promoting conditions, result in deterministic and synchronized iPS cell reprogramming (near 100% efficiency within seven days from mouse and human cells). (umn.edu)
  • At this stage, they are less versatile than mouse ESCs, which are typically isolated when the cells are naive and hence widely used as a research model. (eurekalert.org)
  • Interest in working with the naive phenotype is strong because naive cells are able to originate even gametes [egg cells and sperm]. (eurekalert.org)
  • Using next-generation sequencing technology and genome editing tools, they showed that the Smad pathway is not essential for maintaining ES cells in a state of naive pluripotency. (u-tokyo.ac.jp)
  • iPS cells showed many characteristics of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) such as expression of pluripotency markers, reactivation of telomerase and the ability to form teratomas, demonstrating a potential to redifferentiate into descendants of all three embryonic lineages. (biologists.com)
  • Senescence was confirmed by FACS analysis showing cell cycle arrest, increase in molecular markers characteristic of senescence, and formation of SAHF. (biologists.com)
  • Statistical methods that were used to identify chromatin features that predict exogenous gamma-retrovirus integration site selection were exploited here to determine whether cell type-specific chromatin markers are enriched in the vicinity of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we have further characterized the process of PCMO generation with respect to markers of monocyte-to-macrophage transition and pluripotency. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Also, we observed that the expression of pluripotency markers and alkaline phosphatase (AP) increased significantly in MDLS-treated colonies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although MSCs from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), PDL-MSCs and AT-MSCs showed higher mRNA expression of pluripotency markers, all MSCs expressed pluripotency marker proteins. (mendeley.com)
  • The GloLIVE™ Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Live Cell Imaging Kit and individual GloLIVE antibodies available from R&D Systems allow you to verify the pluripotency status of your stem cells by monitoring the expression of both positive and negative markers ( Figure 1 ). (genengnews.com)
  • The kit contains a set of azide-free, fluorochrome-conjugated GloLIVE antibodies that recognize two positive markers and one negative marker of human pluripotent stem cells. (genengnews.com)
  • These findings were important since they provide new insights as to how such regulatory elements find each other with great speed, selectivity and specificity to induce lineage specific patterns of gene expression both in embryonic stem cells and differentiated progeny. (ca.gov)
  • Ten years after this revolutionary discovery, attempts to induce pluripotency have not been limited to the culture dish. (springer.com)
  • Yamanaka was able to induce adult mouse cells to a pluripotent state whereby the cells mimicked embryonic stem cells and could become any cell type in the body. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
  • The molecule also plays a crucial role in the reprogramming of body cells into pluripotent stem cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In this reprogramming technique, somatic cells are converted into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (sciencedaily.com)
  • E-Cadherin is necessary for maintaining pluripotent stem cells and also for inducing the pluripotent state in the reprogramming of somatic cells," Dr. Besser said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The links of in vivo reprogramming to pluripotency with tumorigenesis and teratoma formation, and the cross-talk with cellular senesce and tissue injury are also discussed. (springer.com)
  • Professor Wolf Reik, who oversaw the work, added: "We can liken this reprogramming to giving cells amnesia so they forget any previous developmental decisions they have made. (epigenie.com)
  • However, follow-up studies suggested that the reprogramming of iPS cells was incomplete. (biologists.com)
  • In a recent paper published the November issue of Genes in Development, entitled "Rejuvenating senescent and centenarian human cells by reprogramming through the pluripotent state," Lapasset and colleagues from the Institute of Functional Genomics in France report that they have overcome this barrier and generated iPS cells from human donors as old as 101 years. (biologists.com)
  • The deterministic reprogramming approach devised here offers a novel platform for the dissection of molecular dynamics leading to establishing pluripotency at unprecedented flexibility and resolution. (umn.edu)
  • Since the discovery of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, the molecular mechanism underlying the reprogramming process has been an active area of research. (biomedcentral.com)
  • And later both our group and others reported that Sirt1 can promote the efficiency of reprogramming and maintain characteristics of iPS cell [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that Sirt6 is highly expressed in pluripotent stem cells and also it regulates the efficiency of somatic reprogramming. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It wasn't until more than 40 years after Gurdon's work that Shinya Yamanaka and his colleagues in Japan identified the key genes that control this "reprogramming" of adult cells. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
  • Such clinical applications of iPS cells have been limited so far, mainly due to the poor efficiency of the existing reprogramming methodologies and the risk of the generated iPS cells to form tumors upon implantation. (nyu.edu)
  • We hypothesized that the reprogramming of somatic cells towards pluripotency could be achieved in vivo by gene transfer of reprogramming factors. (nyu.edu)
  • This provided proof-of-evidence of in vivo reprogramming of adult, somatic cells towards a pluripotent state with high efficiency and fast kinetics. (nyu.edu)
  • Usage of the powerful oncogenes and in the era of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) limitations their translational tool STF 118804 1 2 Presently elimination of the genes during individual iPSC reprogramming needs suppression of p53 activity 2-16 which leads to the deposition of hereditary mutations in the causing iPSCs 8. (healthy-nutrition-plan.com)
  • Given the likely need for additional reprogramming chemicals and the knowledge that most known compounds take action STF 118804 late in this process we reasoned it would be valuable to identify small molecules that improve reprogramming by acting early perhaps within the somatic cells themselves. (healthy-nutrition-plan.com)
  • We reasoned that one approach towards this goal would be to determine chemicals that could modulate transmission transduction cascades in somatic cell populations to enrich for those cells with an enhanced capacity for reprogramming. (healthy-nutrition-plan.com)
  • We consequently hypothesized that chemically traveling somatic cells into a more potent "stem cell" state might improve their reprogramming. (healthy-nutrition-plan.com)
  • We also experienced that keratinocytes were a stylish model for STF 118804 screening our hypothesis because if Notch inhibition did have an effect it could be immediately translated to the production of patient-specific iPSCs 31 32 Here we display that Notch inhibition significantly improves the effectiveness of iPSC generation from mouse and human being keratinocytes by suppressing p21 and therefore enriching undifferentiated cells with increased reprogramming potential. (healthy-nutrition-plan.com)
  • Histone acetylation has been implicated to be important for the pluripotent cell state, as some HDAC inhibitors have been shown to improve reprogramming efficiency of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or maintain a pluripotent stem cell state. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since HDAC inhibition facilitates cellular iPSC reprogramming, histone acetylation may play an important role in pluripotency. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Consistent with these Atglistatin functions, the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration via chemical treatments or overexpression of transcription factors increases pluripotency, whereas activation of mitochondrial activity impairs reprogramming [10]. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
  • Thus, a much higher grade of parallelization, and throughput in the production of hiPSCs is needed, which can only be achieved by implementing automated solutions for cell reprogramming, and hiPSC expansion. (frontiersin.org)
  • We have developed a feeder-free, Sendai virus-mediated reprogramming protocol suitable for cell culture processing via a robotic liquid handling unit that delivers footprint-free hiPSCs within 3 weeks with state-of-the-art efficiencies. (frontiersin.org)
  • It provides a framework to explore strategies of reprogramming a cell from a differentiated state to a stem cell state through directed perturbations. (lu.se)
  • Recent breakthroughs in reprogramming differentiated cells loops. (lu.se)
  • A computational model of master regulators that are required for successful reprogramming the dynamics of this core network has revealed that it functions as of a differentiated cell into a cell exhibiting stem cell like a bistable switch, which in the on state, corresponds to all these properties. (lu.se)
  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can give rise to many different types of tissues and organs. (eurekalert.org)
  • At the turn of the present century, these cells were believed to offer hope of treatment for several health problems, but as research advanced, scientists realized that understanding and controlling the behavior of ESCs would be a more daunting challenge than initially imagined. (eurekalert.org)
  • According to Panepucci, the human ESCs used in scientific research are usually in the intermediate development stage of primed pluripotency, when they have not yet differentiated but are primed, i.e., a step closer to assuming a distinct cell identity. (eurekalert.org)
  • These cells have been described as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and. (scitizen.com)
  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are self-renewing, pluripotent cells derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of a blastocyst [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is expressed in ESCs, embryonic germ (EG) cells and embryonic carcinoma (EC) cells and essential for early embryonic development [ 14 , 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Scoccianti C, Ricceri F, Ferrari P, Cuenin C, Sacerdote C, Polidoro S, Jenab M, Hainaut P, Vineis P, Herceg Z. (2011) Methylation patterns in sentinel genes in peripheral blood cells of heavy smokers: Influence of cruciferous vegetables in an intervention study. (who.int)
  • DNA methylation profile discriminates sporadic giant cell granulomas of the jaws and cherubism from their giant cell-rich histological mimics. (cdc.gov)
  • Complex haploinsufficiency in pluripotent cells yields somatic cells with DNA methylation abnormalities and pluripotency induction defects. (cdc.gov)
  • Transcription Factor CTCFL Promotes Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in Gastric Cancer via Activating DPPA2. (nih.gov)
  • In order to efficiently reprogram cells in vivo, high levels of the Yamanaka (OKSM) transcription factors need to be expressed at the target tissue. (nyu.edu)
  • Here, we discuss different strategies for generating iPSCs, with an emphasis on a recent non-cell autonomous approach to reprogram somatic progenitors that regenerate cornea to a pluripotent state through the recruitment of endogenous transcription factors. (nebraska.edu)
  • Certain post-translational modifications to histones, including H3K4me3, as well as binding sites for the transcription factor STAT1, predict the site of integration of exogenous gamma-retroviruses with great accuracy and cell-type specificity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The developmental regulation of HERV-H expression, the association of HERV-H with binding sites for pluripotency transcription factors, and the extremely high levels of HERV-H RNA in human ES cells suggest that HERV-H contributes to pluripotency in human cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Proximity of HERV-H to binding sites for pluripotency transcription factors within ES cells might be due to retention of the same chromatin features that determined the site of integration of the ancestral, exogenous, gamma-retrovirus that gave rise to HERV-H in the distant past. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Activation of muscle-specific genes in pigment, nerve, fat, liver, and fibroblast cell lines by forced expression of MyoD. (springer.com)
  • They found that unlike parental cells, p16 and p21 expression in iPS cells was downregulated, similar to hES cells. (biologists.com)
  • These pluripotency critical genes formed a tightly bound co-expression network with small-world architecture . (bvsalud.org)
  • Automatically expanded hiPSCs exhibit normal growth characteristics, and show sustained expression of the pluripotency associated stem cell marker TRA-1-60 over at least 5 weeks (10 passages). (frontiersin.org)
  • Knowledge on the expression analysis of Notch signaling pathway molecules in SHED cultured in KGM could highlight its involvement in controlling the biological activity of these stem cells, particularly during odontogenesis and other developmental process. (bvsalud.org)
  • Activation-induced cytidine deaminase displays an alternative co-factor for modulating PIM1 expression in diffuse large B cell lymphoma cell lines. (cdc.gov)
  • Here we describe how microRNA-regulated lentiviral vectors can be used to visualize specific cell populations by exploiting endogenous microRNA expression patterns. (lu.se)
  • When a microRNA is present in the cell, it binds to the target sites and downregulates GFP expression, while in cells that do not express the microRNA GFP, it is expressed. (lu.se)
  • Understanding the molecular relationships is essential for using human somatic cells to develop stem cell therapy for diseases such as heart attack, Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease or diabetes," Dr. Besser said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Here we describe functional and molecular hallmarks of pluripotent stem cells, propose a checklist for their evaluation, and illustrate how forensic genomics can validate their provenance. (nih.gov)
  • cell authentication (STR), pluripotency and undifferentiated state confirmation, molecular karyotype, g-banding and iPS growth pattern and morphology analysis. (lu.se)
  • basic characterization, including cell authentication (STR), undifferentiated state (FACS) and molecular karyotyping. (lu.se)
  • Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells. (springer.com)
  • Pluripotent epiblast cells of early mammalian embryos give rise to all the lineages that make up a fetus. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Thus restricting the introduction of somatic cells by changing intercellular communication allows the creation of safer individual iPSCs. (healthy-nutrition-plan.com)
  • Senescence is defined as an irreversible cell proliferation arrest and occurs in response to various stresses, including activation of oncogenes, shortened telomeres, DNA damage, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. (biologists.com)
  • These antibodies are added to live, unfixed cells in a single-step assay that takes only 30 minutes and has no adverse effects on stemness or proliferation. (genengnews.com)
  • In June 2023, the International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) released a report detailing standards for human stem cell research . (nature.com)
  • Aging cell 2023 8 e13964. (cdc.gov)
  • Using the SURVEYOR nuclease assay 13 , we assessed the ability of each Cas9-sgRNA complex to generate indels in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293FT cells through the induction of DNA doublestranded breaks (DSBs) and subsequent nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA damage repair (Online Methods). (cdc.gov)
  • Either way, HERV-H RNA provides a specific marker for pluripotency in human cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • So using MM-401 to block MLL1's normal activity in cells that had started down the path to adulthood meant that histone marks were missing before the cell needed them. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A collaboration involving the Babraham Institute, Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and the European Bioinformatics Institute, led by Dr Gabriella Ficz, Professor Wolf Reik and their colleagues, published results demonstrating that human stem cells can be reverted back to a base state, losing characteristics that mark them as a specific cell lineage and regaining the unrestricted potential (pluripotency) to develop into any cell type. (epigenie.com)
  • 6 Sep, 2007 12:57 pm British authorities decided yesterday to permit research that uses animal eggs to create human stem cells because of the limited supply of human eggs. (scitizen.com)
  • Pluripotency of live human stem cell colonies was verified using a NorthernLights™ (NL) 493-conjugated Mouse Anti-Human SSEA-4 Monoclonal Antibody (green) and a NL557-conjugated Mouse Anti-Human TRA-1-60(R) Monoclonal Antibody (red). (genengnews.com)
  • Now, they're working to see if the MM-401 eraser technique works with human stem cells that bear some resemblance to mouse epiblast stem cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Developmental pluripotency-associated protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DPPA2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Diagnostic clinical relevance of developmental pluripotency-associated 2 (DPPA2) in colorectal cancer. (nih.gov)
  • ECSA/DPPA2 is an embryo-cancer antigen that is coexpressed with cancer-testis antigens in non-small cell lung cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Standard culture of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) requires basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) to maintain the pluripotent state, whereas hiPSC more closely resemble epiblast stem cells than true naïve state ES which requires LIF to maintain pluripotency. (edu.sa)
  • Taken together, our finding indicates the novel functions of CCL2 in enhancing its pluripotency in hiPSCs. (edu.sa)
  • While human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provide novel prospects for disease-modeling, the high phenotypic variability seen across different lines demands usage of large hiPSC cohorts to decipher the impact of individual genetic variants. (frontiersin.org)
  • The advent of the human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) technology offers unprecedented opportunities for disease modeling, personalized medicine, and the development of new therapeutic interventions. (frontiersin.org)
  • Given this, human pluripotent stem cells, such as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripo- tent stem cells (hiPSCs), have become a unique cell source for study- ing early human brain development. (lu.se)
  • Enhances survival & cloning efficiency of ESC without affecting their pluripotency. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Prevents apoptosis and enhances the survival and cloning efficiency of dissociated hES cells without affecting their pluripotency. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Soon, Yamanaka and another scientist, James Thomson in the U.S., published studies showing that human cells could be similarly reprogrammed back to a pluripotent state. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
  • The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from differentiating endoderm cells of Xenopus laevis. (springer.com)
  • Citation: Chickarmane V, Peterson C (2008) A Computational Model for Understanding Stem Cell, Trophectoderm and Endoderm Lineage Determination. (lu.se)
  • Returning them to this state means that we can then control their cellular decisions, allowing us to generate the particular types of cells needed. (epigenie.com)
  • Researchers began to wonder whether cellular aging was a barrier to iPS cell conversion. (biologists.com)
  • Outside of the body, patient-generated iPS cells retain the same genetic and/or cellular defects they do in the patient. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
  • According to the cancer stem cell (CSC) concept, the cellular hierarchy in normal tissues is preserved in a number of hematological and solid malignancies. (medscape.com)
  • However, current protocols for deriving neurons from human pluripotent stem cells give rise to heterogeneous cell populations both in regard to the temporal aspects and the cellular composition. (lu.se)
  • His experiments demonstrated that a mature cell, one that was fully differentiated, could revert to an earlier state when introduced into a developing egg, in this case a frog tadpole. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
  • In fact, in the right environment, adult cells could revert to an earlier, embryonic cell type that would be capable of giving rise to all the specialized cell types present in an adult organism. (regenhealthsolutions.info)
  • A process where fully differentiated or specialized cells revert to pluripotency or a less differentiated cell type. (bvsalud.org)
  • The inherent unreliability of using colony morphology alone as a pluripotency indicator likely contributes to a significant amount of wasted effort. (genengnews.com)
  • The process that reverts CELL NUCLEI of fully differentiated somatic cells to a pluripotent or totipotent state. (bvsalud.org)
  • The genesis of these endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) necessitates establishment of provirus by the ancestral, exogenous retrovirus within host germ cells, such that these elements are maintained as heritable genetic elements in the host species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Seminoma is the most common pure germ cell tumor (GCT) of the testis, accounting for up to 50% of cases. (medscape.com)
  • Overall, 60% of germ cell neoplasms have seminoma in their composition, but pure seminomas are genetically different from those that present as a component of a mixed tumor. (medscape.com)
  • Genetic changes have also been studied in the past few decades, with documentation of aneuploid DNA content in seminomas and intratubular germ cell neoplasia of the unclassified type (IGCNU), the precursor lesion. (medscape.com)
  • However, GCTs, including seminomas, can occur in extragonadal sites along the midline of the body, following the embryologic migration route of its precursor cells -- the primordial germ cells. (medscape.com)
  • The nature of the predominant rate-limiting barrier(s) preventing the majority of cells to successfully and synchronously reprogram remains to be defined. (umn.edu)
  • What minimal factors would be sufficient to readily reprogram cells? (regenhealthsolutions.info)
  • Other techniques can reprogram "adult" cells in the human body taken from skin, for example -- but the cells still carry baggage from their previous state. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Specifically, we found that approximately 700 genomic regions located throughout the genome showed differential nuclear positioning upon comparing iPS cells derived from human lymphoid cells to that of human embryonic stem cells. (ca.gov)
  • These data indicate that the majority of the genome derived from that of human embryonic stem cells shows a similar pattern in chromatin folding as compared to that of iPS cells derived from human B cells but that they differ from each other in a subset of genomic regions. (ca.gov)
  • Here, we extended the approach to describe the genome topologies of differentiated human lymphoid and myeloid cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. (ca.gov)
  • studies on cell cycle regulation and genome instability. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • A University of Tokyo research group, in collaboration with Uppsala University, revisited the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in mouse ES cells (a type of stem cell) using next-generation sequencing technology and genome editing tools, and proposed a new model for how BMP maintains naïve pluripotency. (u-tokyo.ac.jp)
  • Both crRNA-tracrRNA duplexes and sgRNAs can be used to target SpCas9 for multiplexed genome editing in eukaryotic cells 1 , 3 . (cdc.gov)
  • It includes 16 prevalidated forward and reverse primer mixes, based on nine genes expressed in pluripotent stem cells and two control genes. (takarabio.com)
  • The Pluripotency Check PCR Primer Set consists of 16 forward and reverse primer mixes, based on nine genes expressed in pluripotent stem cells, plus two control genes. (takarabio.com)
  • It includes 16 forward and reverse primer mixes, based on nine genes expressed in pluripotent stem cells and two control genes, plus the reagents necessary for RNA extraction, first-strand cDNA synthesis, and PCR. (takarabio.com)
  • In the mouse lung, hardening of a blood vessel can result from just a single progenitor cell forming new smooth muscle. (the-scientist.com)