• Mitofusin-2 (MFN2) is a mitochondrial membrane protein that plays a central role in regulating mitochondrial fusion and cell metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, although Txnip deletion suppresses mitochondrial function, protection from myocardial ischemia is enhanced as a result of a coordinated shift to enhanced anaerobic metabolism, which provides an energy source outside of mitochondria. (jci.org)
  • Mitochondria play a central role in many vital biological processes, from driving cell metabolism to regulating cell death. (pewtrusts.org)
  • On today's episode, I'm excited to talk to Dr. Andrew Salzman all about NAD- how it is a key component involved in mitochondrial production, and is a critical substrate for several enzymes, including sirtuins, which play key roles in healthy aging, weight management, metabolic syndrome, and metabolism. (drhyman.com)
  • So far, it has not yet been clarified how mitochondria gain access to an important cofactor of our metabolism, the so-called NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). (prohealth.com)
  • The key steps in energy metabolism occur in different parts of the mitochondria. (rupahealth.com)
  • MFN2 acts independently of the cytoskeleton, plays a central role in mitochondrial metabolism and may be associated with obesity and/or apoptosis processes. (neuromics.com)
  • Environmental changes can strongly influence metabolism and mitochondria play a central role in this process. (helmholtz-munich.de)
  • The mitochondria play a central role in myocardial metabolism. (vijayamarakala.com)
  • In addition to fatty acid beta-oxidation and glucose metabolism, the mitochondria are also involved in metabolizing lactate and ketone bodies to sustain energy production. (vijayamarakala.com)
  • Various hormones, such as insulin and catecholamines, play critical roles in regulating myocardial metabolism. (vijayamarakala.com)
  • Studies from a number of laboratories in the past decade have revealed that the central pathways deregulated in cancer often serve to coordinately regulate both classic oncogenic signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation and cell survival with pathways controlling cell metabolism. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Since mitochondria are involved in tumorigenesis through ROS production and modulation of oxidative metabolism, we investigated the biological effects of pomegranate on cellular redox state, proliferation and metabolism in the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 (MDA). (bvsalud.org)
  • The metabolism of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and related compounds is required for urinary and biliary excretion, and the rate of metabolism is thought to play a major role in regulating the rate of elimination (and detoxification) of these compounds (Van den Berg et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, during recent decades, in several transfer experiments (nucleus and mitochondrial transfer) the tumor-suppressing effect of normal cytoplasm, as well as of normal mitochondria, could be demonstrated, despite the presence of cancerous nuclear genomes ( Seyfried, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Normal mitochondria appeared ellipsoidal with a mean area of 3551±1559nm 2 and mean perimeter of 217.54±52.09nm (n=60). (elsevierpure.com)
  • 0.0001), compared to normal mitochondria which had an adhesion force of 27.64±0.88nN (n=30). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, and when they falter, our cells lose power, just as a flashlight dims when its batteries weaken. (longevityfacts.com)
  • As a result, foreign DNA, also called mitochondrial DNA, resides inside every one of our cells, inside tiny organelles called mitochondria, known as the powerhouses of our cells. (longevityfacts.com)
  • Often referred to as the "powerhouses of the cell," mitochondria are a subject of great interest and scientific study due to their multifaceted functions, intriguing evolutionary history, and association with various diseases. (24insight.com)
  • [5] The eukaryote Monocercomonoides is known to have completely lost its mitochondria, [6] and the multicellular organism Henneguya salminicola is known to have retained mitochondrion-related organelles in association with a complete loss of their mitochondrial genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mitochondria are organelles enclosed by a double membrane that play a central role in energy production. (bmglabtech.com)
  • To assess the cell's needs, mitochondria make contact with other subcellular structures, called organelles, and with the membrane that surrounds the cell. (pewtrusts.org)
  • In preliminary studies, I was able to capture mitochondria as they engaged with three different organelles. (pewtrusts.org)
  • Mitochondria are highly dynamic, complex organelles that continuously alter their shape, ranging between two opposite processes, fission and fusion, in response to several stimuli and the metabolic demands of the cell. (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • Look into any of your cells, and you'll see mysterious foreign DNA lurking inside your mitochondria, the tiny organelles that litter your cells. (longevityfacts.com)
  • Mitochondria are remarkable and intricately structured organelles that reside within the cells of eukaryotic organisms, and they play a fundamental role in the production of cellular energy. (24insight.com)
  • Mitochondria have a distinct double-membrane structure that sets them apart from other cellular organelles. (24insight.com)
  • Thus disruptions of these organelles and their transport play a central role in a broad range of neurodegenerative diseases. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Because mitochondrial swelling is one of the most important indicators of the beginning of mitochondrial permeability transition, quantification of morphological changes in mitochondria would be useful in evaluating the degree of IR injury, as well as the protective effects of various therapies. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In this study, we characterized the morphological changes in heart mitochondria caused by the duration and severity of ischemia utilizing particle shape analysis on atomic force microscopy (AFM) topographic images. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Abnormal morphological changes in liver mitochondria have been observed in patients and animal models with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Altered mitochondrial dynamics, including excessive fission and fusion of mitochondria, also contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. (bmglabtech.com)
  • Reducing a protein found in the mitochondria of cardiac muscle cells initiates cardiac dysfunction and heart failure, a finding that could provide insight for new treatments for cardiovascular diseases, a study led by Georgia State University has shown. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Also, disrupting how FUNDC1 binds to a particular receptor inhibited the release of calcium from another cell structure, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), into the mitochondria of these cells and resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction, cardiac dysfunction and heart failure . (medicalxpress.com)
  • Summary: Mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial dysfunction have recently entered the spotlight because they play a significant role in chronic diseases. (longevityfacts.com)
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in mediating both the necrotic and apoptotic components of reperfusion injury. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The difficulty in understanding and treating human pathologies caused by mitochondrial dysfunction arises from the complex relationships between mitochondria and other cellular processes, as well as the genetic background of such diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Insulin resistance occurs in almost all patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and mitochondrial dysfunction likely plays a pivotal role in the progression of fatty liver into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Acute CO toxicity may cause asphyxia, myocardial dysfunction, and a full spectrum of peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) effects. (medscape.com)
  • MFN2 has been shown by electron microscopy (EM) to accumulate in contact regions between adjacent mitochondria, supporting their role in mitochondrial fusion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although most of a eukaryotic cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus , the mitochondrion has its own genome ("mitogenome") that is substantially similar to bacterial genomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Loss of function of the Parkin gene (PARK2) leads to impaired mitophagy (destruction of mitochondria by the cell's homeostatic machinery) which produces a buildup of damaged mitochondria. (bmglabtech.com)
  • Mitochondria also contain their own genetic material, mtDNA, which is distinct from the nuclear DNA found in the cell's nucleus. (24insight.com)
  • Glutathione is an antioxidant produced throughout the body that plays many important roles, including neutralizing unstable oxygen molecules called free radicals , which cause damage to DNA and cells if left unchecked. (fightaging.org)
  • In plants, cell death is a fundamental process, as it plays the roles of controlling the elimination of cells during plant development and defense in the form of hypersensitive response. (essaywriter.org)
  • Plastid-specific ribosomal proteins (PSRPs) have been proposed to play roles in the light-dependent regulation of chloroplast translation. (cipsm.de)
  • They also play key roles in calcium signaling and redox homeostasis. (holisticprimarycare.net)
  • Mitochondria are one of the central targets of E2, and their biogenesis and respiration are known to be modulated by E2. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Additionally, it enhanced mitochondria respiration, and decreased glycolysis at high concentrations, inhibiting at the same time cell proliferation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mitochondria function as a dynamic network constantly undergoing fusion and fission. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fission also regulates apoptosis through segregation of the most critically injured mitochondria [1, 4]. (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), a cytosolic dynamin-related GTPase, plays a central role in fission by promoting mitochondrial division through its oligomerization into multimeric spiral structures [5]. (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • Fusion of mitochondria occurs in many cell types and constitutes an important step in mitochondria morphology, which is balanced between fusion and fission. (neuromics.com)
  • rather, mitochondria are now understood to be vibrant, mobile structures, constantly undergoing fusion and fission, and engaging in intimate interactions with other cellular compartments and structures. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MFN2 mutations are linked to neurological disorders characterized by a wide clinical phenotype that involves the central and peripheral nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
  • We therefore suggest that energy loss (e.g., through impaired mitochondria) or disturbance of information (e.g., through mutations or aneuploidy) or changes in the composition or distribution of matter (e.g., through micro-environmental changes or toxic agents) can irreversibly disturb molecular mechanisms, leading to increased local entropy of cellular functions and structures. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mutations in the RYR1 gene cause central core disease. (medlineplus.gov)
  • We haveidentified a novel regulator of apoptosis pathways, termed CARD19, which plays a key role in multiplepathways of caspase-dependent cell death. (usda.gov)
  • Our results indicated that terpinen-4-ol induced apoptosis through a mitochondria-mediated pathway in NSCLC cells and that the apoptosis elicited by terpinen-4-ol was p53 dependent. (hindawi.com)
  • Bax and Bak play a redundant but essential role in apoptosis initiated by the mitochondrial release of apoptogenic factors. (rupress.org)
  • In bax − / − bak − / − cells, introduction of Bak mutants selectively targeted to either mitochondria or the ER can induce apoptosis. (rupress.org)
  • These findings demonstrate that in addition to their functions at mitochondria, Bax and Bak also localize to the ER and function to initiate a parallel pathway of caspase activation and apoptosis. (rupress.org)
  • Mitochondria provide ATP, maintain calcium homeostasis, and regulate apoptosis. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • [20] This finding has led to general acceptance of the endosymbiotic hypothesis - that free-living prokaryotic ancestors of modern mitochondria permanently fused with eukaryotic cells in the distant past, evolving such that modern animals, plants, fungi, and other eukaryotes are able to respire to generate cellular energy . (wikipedia.org)
  • MFN2 has been proposed to be essential for the transport of mitochondria along axons, being involved in their attachment to microtubules through interaction with the two main motor proteins Miro and Milton. (wikipedia.org)
  • Now, combining this approach with an array of techniques in biochemistry, molecular genetics, and cell imaging, my lab will characterize the proteins and metabolites mitochondria take away from these interactions, and determine how perturbations in these exchanges lead to the changes in mitochondrial distribution and function associated with diseases such as neurodegeneration and cancer. (pewtrusts.org)
  • Here, I am suggesting that a) the PCP proteins Vangl and Prickle instruct mitochondria to produce ATP or other high-energy compounds, and b) such process is relevant for cell migration on the example of the Xenopus model organism and mammalian cell migration. (muni.cz)
  • The heterochromatin-enriched HP1 proteins play a critical role in regulation of transcription. (cipsm.de)
  • Lecture 2, 04/09/09, thu In this lecture we reviewed some general background in molecular biology, particularly the central genetic process (from DNA to Proteins). (ubc.ca)
  • ROS like superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite and hydroxyl radicals all damage mitochondrial proteins, lipids, and DNA, impairing the proper function of the mitochondria. (holisticprimarycare.net)
  • Findings have implicated mitochondria in a wide variety of cellular processes and molecular interactions, such as calcium buffering, lipid flux, and intracellular signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Glutathione plays a central role in the maintenance of tissue antioxidant defenses and in the regulation of redox sensitive signal transduction. (fightaging.org)
  • Compelling data suggest that the mitochondria and redox regulation play a central role in a variety of disease mechanisms," stated Dr. Hiroshi Noguchi, chief scientific officer and member of the board of directors of DSP. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
  • In mammalian cells, most of the redox potential used for generating ATP arrives at the mitochondrion in the form of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH 2 ), reduced coenzymes generated by the acceptance of electrons derived from the breakdown of organic substances in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Evidently, it has been established from the above outline that cell death plays a pivotal role in the innate responses in both animals and plants. (essaywriter.org)
  • Carnitine plays a pivotal role in energy production by facilitating the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix, where they undergo oxidation to produce energy. (rupahealth.com)
  • How glutathione actually enters mitochondria was unknown until 2021, when researchers discovered that a transporter protein called SLC25A39 delivers the package. (fightaging.org)
  • Our preliminary data demonstrate that CARD19 is localized tothe mitochondria, similarly to another mitochondrial CARD-containing protein, MAVS. (usda.gov)
  • Scientists in Giulio Superti-Furga's research group at the CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences have now discovered that the previously uncharacterised protein SLC25A51 acts as a transporter into the mitochondria for the coenzyme NAD. (prohealth.com)
  • Lead author Enrico Girardi and the research group of CeMM Scientific Director Giulio Superti-Furga, in cooperation with scientists from the University of Bari (Italy), have now identified the protein responsible for the important transport of NAD into mitochondria: SLC25A51. (prohealth.com)
  • Moreover, cGAS is an important molecule for regulating basal expression levels of cell-intrinsic immune genes in cells and is, therefore, a central protein in immune responses to virus infection 10 . (nature.com)
  • This protein plays an essential role in skeletal muscles. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Association Between the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and the Level of Aquaporin-4 Protein Expression in Han and Minority Chinese with Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System. (cdc.gov)
  • In particular, we discovered that genetic defects in the mitochondria characterize 'loser' cells in mouse embryos," says Antonio Scialdone, co-corresponding author of the article. (helmholtz-munich.de)
  • To ferret out how mitochondria do it, researchers used a combination of biochemical studies, computational methods, and genetic screens to discover that SLC25A39 is both a sensor and a transporter at the same time. (fightaging.org)
  • Recently, Np95 (also known as UHRF1 or ICBP90) has been found to interact with Dnmt1 and to bind hemimethylated DNA, indicating together with genetic studies a central role in the maintenance of DNA methylation. (cipsm.de)
  • However, over the last billion-plus years, the DNA in our mitochondria has become much smaller, because it has donated genetic information to the cellular nucleus. (longevityfacts.com)
  • We demonstrate here that our newly generated tools, including transgenic "MitoFish," can be used to study the in vivo "life cycle" of mitochondria and allows identifying pharmacological and genetic modulators of mitochondrial dynamics. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Mitochondria most readily produce ATP by the oxidation of NADH and FADH 2 yielded from the breakdown of sugars such as glucose. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Under conditions in which oxygen supply is limiting, e.g., in exercising muscle, or in the absence of mitochondria, e.g., in red blood cells, re-oxidation of NADH produced by glycolysis cannot be coupled to generation of ATP. (reactome.org)
  • In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling , cellular differentiation , and cell death , as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth . (wikipedia.org)
  • The Sancak lab will probe how mitochondria, which provide the cell with energy, interact with other subcellular structures. (pewtrusts.org)
  • Cell migration plays a central role in both vertebrate morphogenesis and pathogenic conditions (such as metastatic cells in cancer), and requires energy that is provided by mitochondria, e.g., in the form of ATP. (muni.cz)
  • Because the myocardium, the muscular wall of the heart, is a high-energy-demand tissue, mitochondria play a central role in maintaining optimal cardiac performance. (medicalxpress.com)
  • In this context, three basic categories play a central role: energy, information, and matter. (frontiersin.org)
  • Carnitine is a naturally occurring amino acid derivative that plays a primary role in energy production. (rupahealth.com)
  • Carnitine is an amino acid derivative responsible for transporting long-chain fatty acids into the energy-producing cell units (the mitochondria). (rupahealth.com)
  • Mitochondria are the tiny structures within the cells that convert food into a form of energy that our cells can use. (longevityfacts.com)
  • By combining the power of structural biology, biochemistry and multiscale molecular simulations, researchers from Germany and Finland found a key role of an accessory subunit in energy production by respiratory complex I, a central bioenergetic enzyme. (helsinki.fi)
  • The work highlights the strength of combining structural biology approaches with molecular simulations in explaining the functioning of mitochondrial complex I, an enzyme of central importance in biological energy conversion and of biomedical relevance. (helsinki.fi)
  • It also plays a central role in balancing the energy needs of various tissues in the body. (reactome.org)
  • It plays an important role in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. (neuromics.com)
  • Mitochondria represent about 5% of vascular smooth muscle cell volume, and 2-4% of endothelial cell volume. (holisticprimarycare.net)
  • The mitochondrion is popularly nicknamed the "powerhouse of the cell", a phrase coined by Philip Siekevitz in a 1957 article of the same name. (wikipedia.org)
  • The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism , tissue , and cell type. (wikipedia.org)
  • A mature red blood cell has no mitochondria, [17] whereas a liver cell can have more than 2000. (wikipedia.org)
  • People have tried to change overall glutathione levels, but now we have a way to change it in mitochondria without impacting other parts of the cell. (fightaging.org)
  • Our central hypothesis isthat Yersinia infection promotes cell death via oligomerization of CARD19 and disruption of mitochondrialfunction. (usda.gov)
  • In our study, we also show that the already known NAD transporter in yeast and SLC25A51 play a similar role in the human cell. (prohealth.com)
  • Confirming this central hypothesis would be a breakthrough discovery illuminating the guiding principle and logic of cell migration. (muni.cz)
  • DNA methylation and histone modifications play a central role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and cell differentiation. (cipsm.de)
  • Cardiac Mitochondria l Alterations Observed in Hyperglycaemic Rats - What Can We Learn From Cell Biology? (eurekaselect.com)
  • Mitochondria appear out of place compared to the other structures within the cell. (longevityfacts.com)
  • Each cell can contain anywhere from hundreds to thousands of mitochondria, residing in the fluid that surrounds the nucleus of the cell. (longevityfacts.com)
  • Researchers have discovered that mitochondria perform many other tasks besides producing ATP, and no longer relegate the organelle to being the "power plant of the cell. (longevityfacts.com)
  • they play a central role in regulating cell health and function. (avantirwellness.com)
  • Central core disease gets its name from disorganized areas called central cores, which are typically found in the center of skeletal muscle cells, but can be at the edges or span the length of the cell, in many affected individuals. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A large number of unicellular organisms , such as microsporidia , parabasalids and diplomonads , have reduced or transformed their mitochondria into other structures . (wikipedia.org)
  • When compared to other microscopic structures in our bodies, mitochondria differ in nearly every way imaginable, including their appearance, reproduction, and behavior. (longevityfacts.com)
  • Mitochondria are surrounded by an outer and inner membrane. (rupahealth.com)
  • This paper shows that microglia play an important role in removal of soluble and insoluble Aβ, and that CD45 is a key molecule in these pathways," commented Haruhiko Akiyama of Tokyo Institute of Psychiatry. (alzforum.org)
  • were able to show that the introduction of non-cancerous mitochondria into highly malignant breast cancer cells could reverse malignancy and down-regulate several oncogenic pathways such as invasion, in vivo tumor growth, and others. (frontiersin.org)
  • [1] pl. mitochondria ) is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes , such as animals , plants and fungi . (wikipedia.org)
  • MFN2 has also been suggested to be a key regulator of ER-mitochondria contiguity, though its exact function in this inter-organelle still remains unknown. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some cells in some multicellular organisms lack mitochondria (for example, mature mammalian red blood cells ). (wikipedia.org)
  • Conditional MFN2 knockout mice show degeneration in the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, as well as improperly localized mitochondria in the dendrites. (wikipedia.org)
  • By accurately quantitatively measuring certain nutrients in the cells, we found that the presence of SLC25A51 correlated with the amount of NAD and that cells lacking SLC25A51 had extremely low levels of this molecule in their mitochondria," explains senior author Giulio Superti-Furga. (prohealth.com)
  • In the mitochondria of the cells, electrical circuitry carries out complicated oxidation-reduction reactions, which eventually leads to the generation of ATP. (helsinki.fi)
  • The research team found out that the cells losing the competition are characterized by defective mitochondria and, in mouse embryos, they are marked by sequence changes in their mitochondrial genome. (helmholtz-munich.de)
  • By applying machine learning algorithms, they could identify the gene expression signature of "loser" cells and discovered that these cells have defective mitochondria and are marked by sequence changes in their mitochondrial genome. (helmholtz-munich.de)
  • Researchers have recently gained a new understanding of the alien world of mitochondria. (longevityfacts.com)
  • Researchers, led by Jennifer Coughlin at Johns Hopkins, enrolled 27 individuals, all of whom had played in the NFL in at least the past 12 years. (medscape.com)
  • Most people don't realize that all human beings have two sets of DNA in their bodies, the DNA inside our chromosomes, and a foreign DNA inside our mitochondria, that our ancestors stole from bacteria over a billion years ago. (longevityfacts.com)
  • The leading theory among scientists is that our mitochondria came from bacteria that our cellular ancestors engulfed about 1.5 billion years ago. (longevityfacts.com)
  • Seminal studies revealed that both, MFN1 and MFN2 spanning from the OMM of two opposing mitochondria, physically interact in trans, by the formation of antiparallel dimers between their HR2 domains. (wikipedia.org)
  • MFN2 also associates with the MIRO-Milton complex which links the mitochondria to the kinesin motor. (wikipedia.org)
  • In carrot, regulation of the central root meristem is a critical target for yield-determining secondary growth. (frontiersin.org)
  • As telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC) play a role in lung cancer the aims of this study were the verification of our recent results analyzing MYC CNV in tumor and non-tumor tissue of lung cancer patients using an independent study group and the assessment of TERT CNV as an additional marker. (bvsalud.org)
  • As such, it does not come as a surprise that an increasing number of human pathologies have been associated with functional defects in mitochondria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A range of experiments suggests that creatine, a molecule known for recycling ATP in muscle and brain tissue, may also function as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. (elifesciences.org)
  • Once considered an academic backwater, mitochondrial biology is deemed to play a fundamental role in human health and aging. (longevityfacts.com)
  • In their excellent 2011 review entitled, Aging and Vascular Endothelial Function in Humans , Seals and colleagues at the University of Colorado's Department of Integrative Physiology, describe a number of nutritional interventions that may play a role in improving endothelial function. (holisticprimarycare.net)
  • Growing evidence suggests deregulated mitochondrial activity plays a causative role in cardiovascular diseases. (medicalxpress.com)
  • When specific wavelengths of light, often in the red (600-700 nanometers) and near-infrared (700-1100 nanometers) spectrum, are applied to the body's tissues, they interact with a vital cellular component known as mitochondria. (avantirwellness.com)
  • While these disorders can still be considered rare, defective mitochondrial dynamics seem to play a significant role in the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of more common neurodegenerative diseases, for example, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. (centrodinoferrari.com)
  • [18] [19] The mitochondrion is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, with the continuing trends of human development, the transition of plant use for facilitating manufacturing activities continues to weaken the traditional role played by plants. (essaywriter.org)
  • We also simultaneously investigated the nano-mechanical changes in rat heart mitochondria by injury using force-distance curve measurements. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Although the mechanisms responsible for fatty liver are not fully elucidated, an increased delivery and transport of FFAs into the liver, and augmented hepatic fatty acid synthesis are likely to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Central Nervous System: Is creatine a CNS neurotransmitter? (elifesciences.org)
  • Moreover, neurotransmitters that act in peripheral tissues, like muscle, are easier to identify than those that act on the central nervous system (CNS). (elifesciences.org)
  • Preliminary study on the association of AQP4 promoter polymorphism with anti-aquaporin-4 antibody positivity in southern Han Chinese patients with idiopathic demyelinating disorders of central nervous system. (cdc.gov)