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Plasmodium falciparumPlasmodiumPlasmodium vivaxPlasmodium bergheiMalaria, FalciparumPlasmodium yoeliiProtozoan ProteinsAntimalarialsMalariaPlasmodium malariaePlasmodium knowlesiMalaria, VivaxPlasmodium chabaudiPlasmodium ovaleAntigens, ProtozoanChloroquineParasitemiaErythrocytesDNA, ProtozoanAntibodies, ProtozoanMalaria VaccinesSporozoitesPlasmodium cynomolgiDrug ResistancePlasmodium gallinaceumParasitic Sensitivity TestsAnophelesGenes, ProtozoanMerozoite Surface Protein 1ArtemisininsPyrimethamineSchizontsMerozoitesPrimaquineMefloquineHost-Parasite InteractionsGenome, ProtozoanLife Cycle StagesMalaria, CerebralParasitologyPapua New GuineaSulfadoxineProguanilMalaria, AvianGabonQuinineFluorenesAtovaquoneDrug CombinationsDuffy Blood-Group SystemPregnancy Complications, ParasiticPhysarumCulicidaeMolecular Sequence DataParasitesOocystsInsect VectorsDihydropteroate SynthaseRNA, ProtozoanAmodiaquineTrophozoitesMyanmarEndemic DiseasesTetrahydrofolate DehydrogenaseApicomplexaSenegalAotus trivirgatusSesquiterpenesThailandPolymerase Chain ReactionAnopheles gambiaeMicroscopyAmino Acid SequenceInhibitory Concentration 50BloodCameroonMaliAotidaeKenyaTravelParasite LoadEthanolaminesIndonesiaPhysarum polycephalumRNA, Ribosomal, 18SColombiaErythrocyte MembraneImmunoglobulin GCambodiaSequence Analysis, DNAFolic Acid AntagonistsAfricaInsect Bites and StingsSaimiriCytochromes bGenotypeEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayGhanaAntigenic VariationGametogenesis
Falciparum infectionInfectionSpeciesGenusUncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malariaKnowlesiChloroquine resistanceParasitologyBergheiCause malariaVivax malariaRelictumStagesParasiteEndemicGenome sequencCausativeResistanceDetectionCoinfectionAvian malariaParasitic protozoanAntibodiesHumansMosquitoesGenotypesLeishmaniaToxoplasmaPlasmodiidaeIncidenceInteractionsLife cycleHumanEfficacyInfectionsVitroMicrobiologyHttpsBiologyReagentVaccineGenesMosquitoAssay
Falciparum infection2
  • We found that Plasmodium falciparum infection prevalence in endemic Africa halved and the incidence of clinical disease fell by 40% between 2000 and 2015. (nih.gov)
  • Plasmodium falciparum infection carries a poor prognosis with a high mortality if untreated, but it has an excellent prognosis if diagnosed early and treated appropriately. (medscape.com)
Infection9
  • If importers choose to screen apparently healthy animals for Plasmodium infection during the quarantine period, positive results must be reported to CDC. (cdc.gov)
  • Although testing apparently healthy animals for Plasmodium infection during quarantine is optional, importers are reminded that NHPs that develop clinical signs of malaria during quarantine MUST undergo appropriate diagnostic testing to identify the cause of illness. (cdc.gov)
  • Due to concerns over the introduction of Plasmodium parasites that may cause malaria in humans, treatment to eliminate the infection will be required before infected animals are released from CDC-mandated quarantine. (cdc.gov)
  • If an NHP is identified as having a Plasmodium infection, ideally the species of the parasite should be identified to guide treatment decisions. (cdc.gov)
  • The study reported that broad-scale geographical patterns of Plasmodium-helminth coinfection are strongly influenced by the least common infection and by species-specific environmental factors. (malariaconsortium.org)
  • Adenosine pathway regulates inflammation during Plasmodium vivax infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • Monocytes play a role in host defense against Plasmodium vivax infection and represent the main source of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species . (bvsalud.org)
  • Malaria is infection of red blood cells with one of five species of the protozoa Plasmodium . (msdmanuals.com)
  • Malaria is a potentially life-threatening disease caused by infection with Plasmodium protozoa transmitted by an infective female Anopheles mosquito. (medscape.com)
Species19
  • The life cycles of Plasmodium species involve development in a blood-feeding insect host which then injects parasites into a vertebrate host during a blood meal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Over 200 species of Plasmodium have been described, many of which have been subdivided into 14 subgenera based on parasite morphology and host range. (wikipedia.org)
  • Species of Plasmodium are distributed globally wherever suitable hosts are found. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plasmodium species contain many features that are common to other eukaryotes, and some that are unique to their phylum or genus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Like other apicomplexans, Plasmodium species have several cellular structures at the apical end of the parasite that serve as specialized organelles for secreting effectors into the host. (wikipedia.org)
  • Species of Plasmodium also contain two large membrane-bound organelles of endosymbiotic origin, the mitochondrion and the apicoplast, both of which play key roles in the parasite's metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Parasites are generally introduced into a vertebrate host by the bite of an insect host (generally a mosquito, with the exception of some Plasmodium species of reptiles). (wikipedia.org)
  • Plasmodium species exhibit three life-cycle stages- gametocytes , sporozoites , and merozoites . (britannica.com)
  • This author throws some doubt on the species he describes by suggesting that the plasmodium may be red. (dictionary.com)
  • The protocol considers what is currently known about the biological behavior of Plasmodium species (including simian species), presence of vector species in the U.S., potential for drug resistance, zoonotic potential, and availability of validated tests. (cdc.gov)
  • Currently, of the simian Plasmodium species, Plasmodium knowlesi, P. cynomolgi, P. coatneyi, and P. inui have been reported to cause disease in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • With the successful completion of the project to sequence the Plasmodium falciparum genome, researchers are now turning their attention to other malaria parasite species. (jcvi.org)
  • Dozens of potential biomarkers to measure presence of the Plasmodium species have been proposed over the past several decades. (hindawi.com)
  • Five different Plasmodium species can cause malaria in humans, leading to a total of approximately 500 million cases each year and of these, P. falciparum causes the most deadly form of the disease and is responsible for more than 1 million deaths annually. (gla.ac.uk)
  • This study investigates the distribution and heterogeneity of coinfection with Plasmodium falciparum and 3 major helminth species across East Africa. (malariaconsortium.org)
  • Results Specific abnormalities such as additional events in the mature neutrophil/eosinophil area of the white blood cells differential (WDF) scattergram were noted for 1.1% of Plasmodium falciparum samples and 56.2% of other Plasmodium species samples. (bmj.com)
  • Over 50 avian Plasmodium species have been described. (lu.se)
  • This discrepancy indicates insufficient knowledge about taxonomic diversity and boundaries of a single species in avian Plasmodium species. (lu.se)
  • Several antibody-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are available for diagnosing malaria, but they cover only four of the five species that cause human malaria (all except Plasmodium knowlesi ). (medscape.com)
Genus7
  • Plasmodium is a genus of unicellular eukaryotes that are obligate parasites of vertebrates and insects. (wikipedia.org)
  • The genus Plasmodium consists of all eukaryotes in the phylum Apicomplexa that both undergo the asexual replication process of merogony inside host red blood cells and produce the crystalline pigment hemozoin as a byproduct of digesting host hemoglobin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plasmodium , a genus of parasitic protozoans of the sporozoan subclass Coccidia that are the causative organisms of malaria . (britannica.com)
  • any parasitic protozoan of the genus Plasmodium, causing malaria in humans. (dictionary.com)
  • PCR or blood smears) that detect the presence of parasites in the Plasmodium genus, during the CDC-mandated quarantine period. (cdc.gov)
  • Malaria caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium is the most prevalent infectious disease in tropical and subtropical regions. (nature.com)
  • Apicomplexan parasites of the genus Plasmodium are the causative agent of malaria, one of the most prevalent infectious diseases worldwide. (gla.ac.uk)
Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria1
  • Three cases of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Sokoto, Nigeria, between June and July 2006, apparently failed treatment with artesunate monotherapy. (scialert.net)
Knowlesi1
  • Background: Recent epidemiological studies demonstrate that the prevalence of the fifth major human malaria parasite, Plasmodium knowlesi (monkey malaria), is often underestimated and misdiagnosed with standard microscopy blood film. (duke.edu)
Chloroquine resistance1
  • Progressive increase in point mutations associated with chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from India. (cdc.gov)
Parasitology1
  • Here, an update on the Plasmodium vivax genome sequencing project is presented, as part of the Trends in Parasitology series of reviews expanding on various aspects of P. vivax research. (jcvi.org)
Berghei1
  • To identify the biochemical basis for this effect, we disrupted the plasmodium arginase gene in the rodent malaria model P. berghei. (nih.gov)
Cause malaria1
Vivax malaria2
  • There is substantial variation in the relapse frequency of Plasmodium vivax malaria, with fast relapsing strains in tropical areas, and slow relapsing strains in temperate areas with seasonal transmission. (datadryad.org)
  • Eight cases of locally acquired, mosquito-transmitted (i.e., autochthonous) Plasmodium vivax malaria, which has not been reported in the United States since 2003, were reported to CDC from state health departments in Florida and Texas during May 18-July 17, 2023. (medscape.com)
Relictum1
  • We initiated in vivo hybridization experiments of two widespread Plasmodium relictum lineages (pSGS1 and pGRW11) in experimentally infected Culex pipiens pipiens form molestus mosquitoes. (lu.se)
Stages6
  • The life cycle of Plasmodium involves several distinct stages in the insect and vertebrate hosts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Until such a test becomes widely available, infected NHPs should be treated using an antimalarial protocol that considers the potential for antimalarial resistance and the need to eliminate BOTH blood stages AND potential liver stages of Plasmodium . (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, the elaboration of a protocol for the in vitro cultivation of the erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum revolutionized research on this important parasite. (nature.com)
  • WDF scattergrams were able to detect 80.0% (12/15) of Plasmodium mature stages. (bmj.com)
  • Furthermore, the differential in white blood counts between WDF and white cell nucleated (WNR) channels was a predictive signal of Plasmodium mature stages in 73.3% (11/15) of samples and may be explained by a differential destruction of particles with the analyzer reagent. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusion Associated to thrombocytopaenia, a Sysmex XN Plasmodium pattern may represent a useful warning for Plasmodium detection in unsuspected patients, particularly when mature parasite stages are present. (bmj.com)
Parasite14
  • Although the parasite can also infect people via blood transfusion, this is very rare, and Plasmodium cannot be spread from person to person. (wikipedia.org)
  • Malaria, a disease caused by the parasite plasmodium falciparum, affects more than 200 million people around the world every year. (dictionary.com)
  • Paul Horrocks recently noted difficulties in functionally expressing GFP in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. (bio.net)
  • A protein interaction network of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. (nih.gov)
  • Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. (nih.gov)
  • The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum relies on an exchange of metabolites with the host for proliferation. (nih.gov)
  • This project focuses on the malaria parasite Plasmodium. (europa.eu)
  • An international consortium has been formed to sequence the entire genome of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. (jcvi.org)
  • The genome of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is maintained primarily as transcriptionally competent, euchromatin with only restricted islands of transcriptionally silent, condensed heterochromatin. (edu.au)
  • He returned to University of Melbourne where his research has focussed on how elements of chromatin structure regulate gene expression in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum . (edu.au)
  • 2010, 'Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum pH regulation by small molecule indole derivates results in rapid parasite death', Biochemical Pharmacology, vol. 79, no. 9, pp. 1291-1299. (edu.au)
  • Methods We retrospectively studied 100 blood samples performed with the recent Sysmex XN analyzer that were positive for Plasmodium and explored its ability to detect the parasite. (bmj.com)
  • Plasmodium vivax is the most common human malaria parasite in Asian countries including Pakistan. (scielo.br)
  • Plasmodium falciparum in G6PD normal and G6PD-deficient erythrocytes : the parasite cycle and adaptive phenomena / by Esien Archibong Usanga. (who.int)
Endemic3
  • In Africa each year around 24 million wom- women have acquired substantial protec- en become pregnant in malaria-endemic ar- tive immunity to malaria through repeated eas. (who.int)
  • Field evaluation of the ICT Malaria Pf/Pv immunochromatographic test for the detection of asymptomatic malaria in a Plasmodium falciparum/vivax endemic area in Thailand. (ajtmh.org)
  • Schistosoma mansoni and Plasmodium falciparum are co-endemic in Uganda and are the leading parasitic causes of public health problems across sub-Saharan Africa. (scirp.org)
Genome sequenc2
  • The Plasmodium vivax genome sequencing project. (jcvi.org)
  • The malaria genome sequencing project: complete sequence of Plasmodium falciparum chromosome 2. (jcvi.org)
Causative1
  • Schistosoma mansoni is one of the causative agents of intestinal schistosomiasis and Plasmodium falciparum is the major causative agent of malaria. (scirp.org)
Resistance1
  • Studies on resistance to chloroquine by Plasmodium falciparum with potential application to the development of a modified in vitro susceptibility test / by Michael Davis Rogers. (who.int)
Detection1
  • Although these RDTs are cheap, fast, and easy-to-use, they do not provide a quantitative estimate of parasitic burden and are less sensitive for detection of Plasmodium vivax [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Coinfection1
Avian malaria1
  • pipiens/restuans hereafter) from sites in Wisconsin and tested them for West Nile virus (WNV) and for avian malaria (Plasmodium). (usgs.gov)
Parasitic protozoan1
  • Microscope slide showing the parasitic protozoan Plasmodium falciparum in human blood. (boreal.com)
Antibodies2
  • Erythrocyte-binding antigens of Plasmodium falciparum are targets of human inhibitory antibodies and. (edu.au)
  • Erythrocyte-binding antigens of Plasmodium falciparum are targets of human inhibitory antibodies and function to evade naturally acquired immunity. (edu.au)
Humans2
  • Plasmodium , which infects red blood cells in mammals (including humans), birds, and reptiles, occurs worldwide , especially in tropical and temperate zones. (britannica.com)
  • Thus, by behaving differently in mosquitos and in humans, plasmodia are able to find new hosts. (enotes.com)
Mosquitoes3
  • Twelve mosquitoes were positive for avian Plasmodium (10.0), 2 were positive for Haemoproteus, and 3 were positive for Leucocytozoon. (usgs.gov)
  • Due to presence of sexual process and sporogonic development of Plasmodium parasites in mosquitoes, self and. (lu.se)
  • Due to presence of sexual process and sporogonic development of Plasmodium parasites in mosquitoes, self and cross-fertilization can occur and be identified during the oocyst stage. (lu.se)
Genotypes1
  • Present study was designed to explore the genetic diversity of plasmodium vivax genotypes based on Pvmsp-3α and Pvmsp - 3β genes using allelic specific nested PCR and RFLP assays markers from field isolates in district Mardan, Pakistan. (scielo.br)
Leishmania3
  • Interactions between malaria (Plasmodium yoelii) and leishmaniasis (Leishmania mexicana amazonensis), with a note on the blood-feeding behavior of Lutzomyia longipalpis. (umass.edu)
  • Coleman, Russell Edward, "Interactions between malaria (Plasmodium yoelii) and leishmaniasis (Leishmania mexicana amazonensis), with a note on the blood-feeding behavior of Lutzomyia longipalpis. (umass.edu)
  • Active constituents showed differentiated activity towards Giardia lamblia, Trypanosoma cruzi, several Leishmania strains, Plasmodium falciparum and cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. (lu.se)
Toxoplasma1
  • It is my understanding that at least 6 other groups have also failed in to express GFP in Plasmodium or in Toxoplasma. (bio.net)
Plasmodiidae1
Incidence1
  • CDC has recently reviewed data on the reported incidence in the United States of Plasmodium falciparum malaria and has evaluated information on the effective management of severe life-threatening infections. (cdc.gov)
Interactions1
  • Quantitative assessment of the interactions and activity of combinations of antimalarial agents in continuous in vitro culture of Plasmodium falciparum / by Wilbur K. Milhous. (who.int)
Life cycle2
  • Plasmodium parasites maintain a single copy of their genome through much of the life cycle, doubling the genome only for a brief sexual exchange within the midgut of the insect host. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plasmodium falciparum life cycle [1] . (kenyon.edu)
Human5
  • Unfortunately, a validated diagnostic test to speciate both human and simian Plasmodium isn't currently readily available. (cdc.gov)
  • Remarkably little is known about Plasmodium cell cycles, despite a wealth of knowledge on the subject in human cells. (europa.eu)
  • This project will reveal, with unprecedented resolution, how DNA replication is organised in Plasmodium and how it can be affected by changing conditions in the human host and exposure to antimalarial drugs. (europa.eu)
  • Abs that inhibit Plasmodium falciparum invasion of erythrocytes form an important component of human immunity against malaria, but key target Ags are largely unknown. (edu.au)
  • Human microRNAs translocate from host erythrocytes to Plasmodium falciparum parasites. (jove.com)
Efficacy1
  • We evaluated the efficacy of a new combined Plasmodium falciparum-Plasmodim vivax immunochromatographic test (ICT Malaria Pf/Pv) in a cross-sectional malaria survey of the village of Ban Kong Mong Tha, Kanchanaburi Provice, Thailand, from August to December 2000. (ajtmh.org)
Infections1
Vitro1
  • The development of a protocol for the routine continuous in vitro culture of Plasmodium falciparum in 1976 1 released malaria researcher from the reliance on in vivo observations. (nature.com)
Microbiology1
  • He did his PhD in microbiology at the School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, and then post-doctoral research into Plasmodium falciparum for the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, but based at the Eijkman Institute in Jakarta Indonesia. (edu.au)
Https1
  • eNotes Editorial , 7 Dec. 2012, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/how-do-plasmodium-falciparum-other-forms-malaria-376584. (enotes.com)
Biology1
  • It aims to transform our understanding of the basic biology of Plasmodium, and of how that biology affects virulence. (europa.eu)
Reagent1
  • The primary objective was to create a system that would have similar sensitivity as a standard 96-well ELISA in detecting Plasmodium aldolase while using less reagent volume and cheaper equipment and without the need for AC power. (hindawi.com)
Vaccine1
  • New research synthesizes information from many different studies that attempt to link specific antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum with protection from clinical malaria and comes to important conclusions about which antigens might be worth advancing as vaccine candidates. (sciencedaily.com)
Genes2
  • Molecular surveillance of mutations in dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase genes of Plasmodium falciparum in Ethiopia. (cdc.gov)
  • O presente estudo foi desenhado para explorar a diversidade genética de genótipos de Plasmodium vivax baseados nos genes Pvmsp-3α e Pvmsp-3β, usando marcadores de ensaios alélicos nested PCR e RFLP de isolados de campo no distrito de Mardan, Paquistão. (scielo.br)
Mosquito2
  • The plasmodium stays in the mosquito's stomach and does not do anything that harms the mosquito. (enotes.com)
  • When it does this, the person becomes very sick, but the plasmodia are moving freely in the blood stream and can easily be sucked up by a mosquito and transferred to a new host. (enotes.com)
Assay2
  • Plasmodium aldolase is a malaria biomarker measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. (hindawi.com)
  • restuans were tested individually for avian Plasmodium by a restriction enzymebased assay. (usgs.gov)