VivaxSpeciesScreening Plasmodium falciparumInfectionParasitesBergheiOvaleGenusHumansAsexualAbstractVaccineSporozoitesInfectionsMosquitoSingle cell transcriptomicsErythrocytic stagesVaccinesKnowlesi2022GeneRBCsAntimalarialTargetsCharacterizationLife Cycle StagesInhibitorsCynomolgiMorbidity and mortaParasite'sMotileArtemisininMerozoitesSchizogonyIncidenceReplicationLiver stage developmentDiagnostic
Vivax21
- Plasmodium vivax hypnozoites persist in the liver, cause malaria relapse and represent a major challenge to malaria elimination. (elifesciences.org)
- Immature human red blood cells in the bone marrow of mice infected with the parasite Plasmodium vivax. (pasteur.fr)
- By engrafting human hematopoietic stem cells into mice, a team from the Institut Pasteur, Inserm and the CNRS was able to maintain the Plasmodium vivax parasite in vivo, providing a novel model to explore therapeutic strategies. (pasteur.fr)
- Plasmodium vivax , the most widespread malaria agent, has characteristics that make it difficult to control and eliminate. (pasteur.fr)
- While the parasite can be observed in the bloodstream, it is also found in the bone marrow, which is a reservoir in humans for P. vivax human-to-mosquito transmission stages. (pasteur.fr)
- The model recreates the P. vivax blood stage, which coincides with the onset of symptoms in patients and during which the parasite is transmitted to mosquitoes. (pasteur.fr)
- By producing immature red blood cells in the bone marrow at the stage when they are infected by P. vivax , these mice provide an in vivo model in which the parasite can be maintained. (pasteur.fr)
- Identification of potent and selective N-myristoyltransferase inhibitors of Plasmodium vivax liver stage hypnozoites and schizonts. (bvsalud.org)
- Drugs targeting multiple stages of the Plasmodium vivax life cycle are needed to reduce the health and economic burdens caused by malaria worldwide. (bvsalud.org)
- The hybridized compounds significantly decrease P. falciparum blood -stage parasite load and consistently exhibit dose -dependent inhibition of P. vivax liver stage schizonts and hypnozoites. (bvsalud.org)
- Malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax is a major public health problem worldwide that affects 70-80 million people in the Middle East, Asia, Western Pacific, South America and the Caribbean. (biomedcentral.com)
- Despite its epidemiological importance, few antigens from this parasite species have been characterized to date compared to Plasmodium falciparum , due in part to the difficulties of maintaining an in vitro culture of P. vivax . (biomedcentral.com)
- The pvtramp gene was amplified from cDNA of P. vivax schizont stages, cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli . (biomedcentral.com)
- Plasmodium falciparum , Plasmodium vivax , Plasmodium malariae , Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium knowlesi . (biomedcentral.com)
- ABSTRACT In 2014, after several years of maintaining zero malaria indigenous cases, Egypt had an outbreak of Plasmodium vivax: 21 confirmed cases during May-June 2014. (who.int)
- Résumé En 2014, après s'être maintenue plusieurs années sans aucun cas autochtone de paludisme, l'Égypte a connu une flambée de Plasmodium vivax : 21 cas confirmés entre mai et juin 2014. (who.int)
- We'll start by providing an update on locally acquired malaria cases in the U.S. Between May and July of 2023, two U. S. counties reported locally acquired mosquito transmitted malaria due to Plasmodium vivax. (cdc.gov)
- Illustrated by Gertrude H. Nicholson, these two charts depict a cytomorphologic comparison between the parasites Plasmodium vivax in humans, and Plasmodium simium in monkeys. (cdc.gov)
- The left plate shows the microscopic views illustrating the stages of growth of a malarial parasite, P. vivax . (cdc.gov)
- P. vivax and P. ovale may have dormant liver stage parasites, which can reactivate and cause malaria several months or years after the infecting mosquito bite. (cdc.gov)
- This case was caused by the Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) species and is unrelated to the cases involving local transmission of Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) malaria in Florida and Texas described in the HAN Health Advisory 494 issued on June 26, 2023. (cdc.gov)
Species18
- The MB2 protein is distributed as a approximately 120-kDa moiety on the surface of sporozoites and is imported into the nucleus of blood-stage parasites as a approximately 66-kDa species. (ox.ac.uk)
- Here we analysed, in two Plasmodium species, the expression of SET, a conserved nuclear protein involved in chromatin dynamics. (gla.ac.uk)
- Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular protozoan parasite of humans, and the deadliest species of Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans. (wikipedia.org)
- Six Plasmodium species cause human malaria, with the majority of the estimated 0.4 million annual deaths caused by Plasmodium falciparum (P.falciparum) . (fortunepublish.com)
- Plasmodium species exhibit three life-cycle stages- gametocytes , sporozoites , and merozoites . (britannica.com)
- Malaria is the most pernicious parasitic infection, and Plasmodium falciparum is the most virulent species with substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. (ac.ir)
- Species of five different subgenera of Plasmodium infect birds. (cabi.org)
- However, microhematocrit centrifugation does not allow the identification of the species of Plasmodium . (medscape.com)
- PCR assay testing is a very specific and sensitive means of determining if species of Plasmodium are present in the blood of an infected individual. (medscape.com)
- However, they are very effective at detecting the Plasmodium species in patients with parasitemias as low as 10 parasites/mL of blood. (medscape.com)
- Treatment regimens are dependent on the geographic location of infection, the likely Plasmodium species, and the severity of disease presentation. (medscape.com)
- This author throws some doubt on the species he describes by suggesting that the plasmodium may be red. (dictionary.com)
- however, some species of Hydrozoa react to environmental stress by reverting their life cycle: i.e. an adult medusa goes back to the juvenile stage of polyp. (researchgate.net)
- Depending on the species, the parasites favor different RBC maturation stages for their intraerythrocytic development. (elifesciences.org)
- The Giemsa stain is commonly used for identifying plasmodium species. (com.pk)
- Problem/Condition: Malaria is caused by one of four species of Plasmodium (i.e. (cdc.gov)
- A subsequent attack experienced by the same person but caused by a different Plasmodium species is counted as an additional case. (cdc.gov)
- Detection of Plasmodium species by rapid diagnostic antigen testing without confirmation by microscopy or nucleic acid testing in any person (symptomatic or asymptomatic) diagnosed in the United States, regardless of whether the person experienced previous episodes of malaria while outside the country. (cdc.gov)
Screening Plasmodium falciparum1
- In this article we review progress in identifying and screening Plasmodium falciparum liver-stage targets for use in a malaria vaccine. (ox.ac.uk)
Infection11
- Blood stage development begins when a newly released, extracellular parasite (a merozoite) invades an erythrocyte, establishing the ring stage of infection, and progressing to the trophozoite stage. (fortunepublish.com)
- PbAQP is expressed in the sporozoite mosquito stage and is detected at low levels in intrahepatic parasites at the onset of hepatocyte infection. (johnshopkins.edu)
- Compared to wild-type parasites, PbAQP-null sporozoites exhibit a delay in blood stage infection due to slower replication in hepatocytes, resulting in retardation of merosome production. (johnshopkins.edu)
- DoH Digital Library: Plasmacytoid dendritic cells appear inactive during sub-microscopic Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage infection, yet retain their ability to respond to TLR stimulation. (nt.gov.au)
- These data demonstrate pDC retain function during a first blood-stage P. falciparum exposure despite sub-microscopic parasitaemia downregulating HLA-DR. The lack of evident pDC activation in both early infection and malaria suggests little response of circulating pDC to infection. (nt.gov.au)
- Introduction of several mouse strains with genetic immune deficiencies has greatly benefited the development of a small laboratory animal model ( 7 - 15 ) to study the asexual blood stage infection of P. falciparum . (frontiersin.org)
- Protein O-fucosylation in Plasmodium falciparum ensures efficient infection of mosquito and vertebrate hosts. (edu.au)
- However, the impact of cell-intrinsic Ac activity and ceramide on the course of Plasmodium infection remains elusive. (elifesciences.org)
- Interestingly, ablation of Ac leads to alleviated parasitemia associated with decreased T cell responses in the early phase of Plasmodium yoelii infection. (elifesciences.org)
- Antibody responses to proteins (antigens) produced by the merozoite life stage of malaria might protect against subsequent malaria infection. (sciencedaily.com)
- The disease can be fatal if not diagnosed and treated at an early stage of infection. (cdc.gov)
Parasites10
- In the last decade, high-throughput screens based on cultured P. falciparum or on those of the hepatic stages of the rodent parasites P. berghei or P. yoelii , as reviewed in Hovlid and Winzeler 14 , have enriched the drug discovery pipeline with a wealth of promising novel lead compounds. (nature.com)
- MB2 is expressed in sporozoites, the liver, and blood-stage parasites and gametocytes. (ox.ac.uk)
- We demonstrated functionally the presence of two distinct promoters upstream of the set open reading frame, the one active in all blood stage parasites while the other active only in gametocytes and in a fraction of schizonts possibly committed to sexual differentiation. (gla.ac.uk)
- Plasmodium parasites express a single AQP at the plasma membrane that functions as a channel for water, nutrients and waste into and out cells. (johnshopkins.edu)
- We previously demonstrated that Plasmodium berghei targeted for PbAQP deletion are deficient in glycerol import and less virulent than wild-type parasites during the blood developmental stage. (johnshopkins.edu)
- As the parasites progress to late hepatic stages, PbAQP transcription increases and PbAQP localizes to the plasma membrane of hepatic merozoites. (johnshopkins.edu)
- We revealed the ART-insensitivity of fatty acid-associated activities in the partially resistant strain at both the early ring and early trophozoite stages.Conclusions: Our multi-omics strategies provide novel insights into the mechanisms of ART partial resistance in Kelch13 mutant P. falciparum, demonstrating the stage-specific interaction between ART and malaria parasites. (sustech.edu.cn)
- Development of protective immunity against malaria induced by immunization with defined subunit vaccines targeting pre-erythrocytic stage, blood-stage and sexual stage parasites. (drexel.edu)
- When an infected mosquito bites a person, it injects plasmodium parasites into their blood. (com.pk)
- As in the early stages of the disease, fewer parasites are present, a thick blood film identifies the plasmodium . (com.pk)
Berghei3
- C57BL/6 mice received 10 5 red blood cells infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA intraperitoneally. (hindawi.com)
- We used the TRPV1 antagonist, capsazepine, to assess whether TRPV1 is able to modulate the innate immune response to malaria in animals infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. (hindawi.com)
- To identify the biochemical basis for this effect, we disrupted the plasmodium arginase gene in the rodent malaria model P. berghei. (nih.gov)
Ovale2
Genus4
- The valid genus Plasmodium was created by two Italian physicians Ettore Marchiafava and Angelo Celli in 1885. (wikipedia.org)
- Plasmodium , a genus of parasitic protozoans of the sporozoan subclass Coccidia that are the causative organisms of malaria . (britannica.com)
- Malaria is an infectious disease caused by intracellular protozoans of the genus Plasmodium and transmitted from person to person through bites of infected mosquitoes. (hindawi.com)
- any parasitic protozoan of the genus Plasmodium, causing malaria in humans. (dictionary.com)
Humans2
- Plasmodium , which infects red blood cells in mammals (including humans), birds, and reptiles, occurs worldwide , especially in tropical and temperate zones. (britannica.com)
- Malaria is a febrile illness caused by the plasmodium parasite, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. (com.pk)
Asexual4
- SET is expressed in both asexual and sexual blood stages but strongly accumulates in male gametocytes. (gla.ac.uk)
- P. falciparum asexual and gametocyte stages catabolize host glucose and glutamine in mitochondria via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
- The major carbon fluxes around the TCA cycle in the asexual stages are driven by input of carbon skeletons derived from glutamine. (biomedcentral.com)
- In the mammalian host, plasmodia invade red blood cells (RBCs) for their asexual propagation. (elifesciences.org)
Abstract1
- ABSTRACT Although merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1) is a leading candidate vaccine antigen for blood-stage malaria, its efficacy in clinical trials has been limited in part by antigenic polymorphism and potentially by the inability of protein-in-adjuvant vaccines to induce strong cellular immunity. (ox.ac.uk)
Vaccine3
- Vaccines are one of the most cost-effective tools and have successfully been used in the prevention and control of many diseases, however, the development of a vaccine for the Plasmodium parasite has proved difficult. (ox.ac.uk)
- Given the liver-stage of malaria represents a bottle-neck in the parasite's life cycle, there is widespread agreement that a multi-component sub-unit malaria vaccine should preferably contain a liver-stage target. (ox.ac.uk)
- New research synthesizes information from many different studies that attempt to link specific antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum with protection from clinical malaria and comes to important conclusions about which antigens might be worth advancing as vaccine candidates. (sciencedaily.com)
Sporozoites1
- The human-infective stage are sporozoites from the salivary gland of a mosquito. (wikipedia.org)
Infections2
- Malaria is caused by infections with the parasite Plasmodium that undergoes a complex life cycle within its hosts. (elifesciences.org)
- Of these, plasmodium falciparum infections are generally considered the most serious and potentially fatal. (com.pk)
Mosquito1
- Malaria is a deadly disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite and is transmitted through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito. (fortunepublish.com)
Single cell transcriptomics2
- In this work, a dimensionality reduction technique based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) is applied to Plasmodium falciparum single cell transcriptomics to arrive at an optimized subset of features from the larger dataset. (fortunepublish.com)
- We retrieved and integrated datasets of single-cell transcriptomics and label-free proteomics across three IDC stages of wild-type P. falciparum. (sustech.edu.cn)
Erythrocytic stages2
- Thus, the elaboration of a protocol for the in vitro cultivation of the erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum revolutionized research on this important parasite. (nature.com)
- They are distinguished by morphological characteristics of the erythrocytic stages. (cabi.org)
Vaccines3
- Malaria vaccines: identifying Plasmodium falciparum liver-stage targets. (ox.ac.uk)
- Here we report the design of novel vectored Plasmodium falciparum vaccines capable of overcoming such limitations. (ox.ac.uk)
- This review analyzes the formulation, methodological design, and results of active clinical trials for merozoite-stage vaccines, regarding their safety profile, immunological response (phase Ia/Ib), and protective efficacy levels (phase II). (urosario.edu.co)
Knowlesi1
- Genes adjacent to pvtramp were identified in silico to determine the degree of similarity between the protein sequences encoded by equivalent chromosomic fragments in P. falciparum and Plasmodium knowlesi . (biomedcentral.com)
20221
- 2022. Active APPL1 sequestration by Plasmodium favors liver-stage development. . (ncbs.res.in)
Gene2
- Gametocyte/gamete differentiation requires controlled patterns of gene expression and regulation not only of stage and gender-specific genes but also of genes associated with DNA replication and mitosis. (gla.ac.uk)
- Recent advances in single cell RNA-sequencing (sc-RNA) techniques paved new ways to characterize gene expression changes during the development stages of the plasmodium life cycle [4,5]. (fortunepublish.com)
RBCs2
- This Plasmodium falciparum attacks the red blood cells (RBCs) and the degree of malaria can be estimated by the quantity of infected RBCs [1]. (fortunepublish.com)
- The apical organelle complex of merozoites (the parasite's blood stage responsible for RBC invasion) plays an important role in parasite entry into RBCs. (biomedcentral.com)
Antimalarial4
- Available antimalarial therapy targets the Plasmodium . (hindawi.com)
- Aims: We investigated the stage-specific mechanisms of partial resistance to artemisinin (ART, an antimalarial drug) in Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) carrying the Kelch13 C580Y mutation. (sustech.edu.cn)
- This project will reveal, with unprecedented resolution, how DNA replication is organised in Plasmodium and how it can be affected by changing conditions in the human host and exposure to antimalarial drugs. (europa.eu)
- Quantitative assessment of the interactions and activity of combinations of antimalarial agents in continuous in vitro culture of Plasmodium falciparum / by Wilbur K. Milhous. (who.int)
Targets3
- Methods: Using fluorescence labeling and activity-based protein profiling, we systematically profile the ART activation levels in P. falciparum during the entire intra-erythrocytic developmental cycle (IDC), and determined the ART-targets profile of the ART-sensitive and -resistant strains at different stages. (sustech.edu.cn)
- We also employed lipidomics to validate lipid metabolic reprogramming in the resistant strain.Results: The activation and expression patterns of genes and proteins of ART-targets in both ART-sensitive and resistant strains varied at different stages and periods of P. falciparum development, with the late trophozoite stage harboring the largest number of ART targets. (sustech.edu.cn)
- We identified and validated 36 overlapping targets, such as GAPDH, EGF-1a, and SpdSyn, during the IDC stages in both strains. (sustech.edu.cn)
Characterization2
- The characterization of the transcriptome and proteome of Plasmodium falciparum has been a tremendous resource for the understanding of the molecular physiology of this parasite. (datadryad.org)
- A morphological study of different stages during the reverted life cycle of Turritopsis nutricula led to the characterization of four different stages: healthy medusa, unhealthy medusa, four-leaf clover and cyst. (researchgate.net)
Life Cycle Stages2
- Quantification of infected erythrocytes and classification of their life cycle stages are done at a macroscopic level by experts, for making informed decisions for diagnosis and treatment of malaria. (fortunepublish.com)
- If the malaria life cycle stages are somehow ascertained then the treatment of the disease becomes easier. (fortunepublish.com)
Inhibitors2
- Here we provide biochemical and cellular evidence that artemisinins are potent inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PfPI3K), revealing an unexpected mechanism of action. (nature.com)
- Our data demonstrate that hybridized NMT inhibitors can be multistage antimalarials , targeting dormant and developing forms of liver and blood stage. (bvsalud.org)
Cynomolgi1
- Following careful assessment of various culture conditions, we describe here the robust continuous cultivation of the blood stages of P. cynomolgi lines derived from the Berok strain. (nature.com)
Morbidity and morta1
- Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a disease causing high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa. (urosario.edu.co)
Parasite's2
- Here we introduce a mechanistic model of parasite growth from the ring to trophozoite stage of the parasite's life cycle, and by modelling the level of staining with an RNA-binding dye, we demonstrate that the model is able to reproduce fluorescence distribution data from in vitro experiments using the laboratory 3D7 strain. (edu.au)
- On the other hand, a thin blood film allows doctors to better visualise the shape and size of the various stages of the parasite's lifecycle. (com.pk)
Motile1
- The plasmodia are also motile. (vims.edu)
Artemisinin5
- Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. (nature.com)
- Multiple populations of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Cambodia. (nature.com)
- A molecular marker of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. (nature.com)
- Genetic loci associated with delayed clearance of Plasmodium falciparum following artemisinin treatment in Southeast Asia. (nature.com)
- Artemisinin derivatives-the most effective and widely-used antimalarials that have helped reduce the burden of malaria by 60% in some areas over the past decade-have recently been found to induce growth retardation of blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum when applied at clinically relevant concentrations. (edu.au)
Merozoites1
- Hepatic merozoites incorporate exogenous glycerol into glycerophospholipids and PbAQP-null merozoites contain less phosphatidylcholine than wild-type merozoites, underlining the contribution of Plasmodium AQP to phospholipid syntheses. (johnshopkins.edu)
Schizogony2
- Schizogony of plasmodium. (vims.edu)
- The plasmodia divide via budding to produce more plasmodia, and via schizogony to produce trophonts. (vims.edu)
Incidence1
- The mass migration that occurred during 2009-2013 and after the insurgency in northeastern Nigeria could have increased malaria incidence and Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity in North Central Nigeria. (cdc.gov)
Replication1
- To do this, I have developed a method for labelling nascent DNA replication, which was not hitherto possible in Plasmodium. (europa.eu)
Liver stage development1
- 2017). In this dataset, we identified and characterized the Liver-Specific Protein 2 (LISP2) protein as an early molecular marker of liver stage development. (elifesciences.org)
Diagnostic1
- This stage is diagnostic. (vims.edu)