Plasmid proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Protein tags are usually smallish peptides incorporated into a translated protein. (addgene.org)
Replacements L38E and L41E, involving charge acquisition at residues predicted to contribute to the hydrophobic interface, reduced the dimerization signal in the protein ligation assay and prevented the detection of dimer/multimer species in both transiently expressed 3A proteins and in synthetic peptides reproducing the N terminus of 3A. (asm.org)
The use of amino acids, proteins and peptides is not considered to have any environmental impact. (janusinfo.se)
According to the European Medicines Agency guideline on environmental risk assessments for pharmaceuticals (EMA/CHMP/SWP/4447/00),vitamins, electrolytes, amino acids, peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids proteins, vaccines and herbal medicinal products are exempted because they are unlikely to result in significant risk to the environment. (janusinfo.se)

After several decades of trying to address these challenges, researchers have amassed a considerable molecular tool box of tags and fusion proteins to aid in the expression and purification of recombinant proteins. (addgene.org)
Though there are a number of chemical and peptide-based proteosome inhibitors, glutathione S-transferase (GST), which can be fused to recombinant proteins for one-step purification with glutathione, can also protect against proteolysis. (addgene.org)
The miniF plasmid C protein: sequence, purification and DNA binding. (shengsci.com)
The secretion of recombinant proteins into the extracellular space by Escherichia coli presents advantages like easier purification and protection from proteolytic degradation. (uni-bielefeld.de)
The synthesized protein can be isolated by affinity purification, for example, using NEBExpress Ni-NTA magnetic beads or NEBExpress Ni Spin columns for further analysis. (neb.com)
Vectors containing the preprotrypsin leader (PPT) sequence direct secretion of FLAG fusion proteins into the culture medium for purification using ANTI-FLAG antibodies, resins, and plates. (sigmaaldrich.com)

DNase I footprint, gel mobility shift, and surface plasmon resonance analyses showed that the DnaA proteins from Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas putida , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bind to the DnaA boxes at oriV and are capable of inducing open complex formation, the first step in the replication initiation process. (sri.com)
Although clonal expansion events appear to have contributed to the spread of particular CTX-M variants, such as bla CTX-M-15 within E. coli strain O25:H4 - ST131:05 ( 5 , 6 ), plasmids with the ability to spread efficiently, or epidemic plasmids, also are believed to be responsible for disseminating CTX-M ESBLs ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
The plasmid spread to unrelated E. coli isolates within an index cattle farm and persisted within the environment. (cdc.gov)
Novagen Rosetta strains are BL21 derivatives designed to enhance the expression of eukaryotic proteins that contain codons rarely used in E. coli. (sigmaaldrich.com)
In the current study, the strain E. coli JM109 harboring plasmid p582 was shown to stably express and secrete recombinant beta-glucanase in continuous culture using a minimal medium. (uni-bielefeld.de)
The leuB gene, crucial in the leucine biosynthetic pathway, was cloned onto plasmid p582 and the new construct transformed into an E. coli Keio (Delta leuB) knockout strain. (uni-bielefeld.de)
The plasmid stability in a continuously cultivated E. coli fermentation, in the absence of antibiotics, with extracellular secretion of recombinant protein provides an interesting model for further improvements. (uni-bielefeld.de)
R.S.V. Selvamani, K. Friehs, and E. Flaschel, "Extracellular recombinant protein production under continuous culture conditions with Escherichia coli using an alternative plasmid selection mechanism", Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering , vol. 37, 2014, pp. 401-413. (uni-bielefeld.de)
For instance, most plasmids are replicated in E. coli and are relatively small (∼3000 - 6000 basepairs) to enable easy manipulation. (addgene.org)
The NEBExpress Cell-free E.coli Protein Synthesis System can synthesize protein in just 2 to 4 hours. (neb.com)
Once the template DNA is purified, thaw the NEBExpress Cell-free E. coli Protein Synthesis System components on ice. (neb.com)
The drug substance anakinra is a recombinant protein (Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist) produced in E. coli bacteria containing an expression plasmid in which a synthetic gene coding for human IL-1Ra has been inserted.According to the Guideline on the Environmental Risk Assessment of Medicinal Products for Human Use (EMEA 2006), proteins are exempted from environmental risk assessment because they are unlikely to result in significant risk to the environment. (janusinfo.se)
The operon on plasmid in E. coli was found to result in the production of all three subunit polypeptides [7]. (lu.se)
The reason for the observed defective assembly in E. coli is probably not some unidentified mutation in the plasmid DNA because the same plasmid preparation complemented a B. subtilis sdhCAB deletion strain [7]. (lu.se)

An affinity tag, generally a relatively small sequence of amino acids, is basically a molecular leash for your protein. (addgene.org)
The sequence was a 93,629-bp plasmid encoding a single antimicrobial drug resistance gene, bla CTX-M-14 . (cdc.gov)
From the sequence analysis, a single mutation (C→T) at position 4690 was found, and we confirmed that this single mutation was responsible for the increased plasmid copy number. (biomedcentral.com)
Some notable early milestones in the studies of Ti plasmids include the mapping of a Ti plasmid in 1978 and the studying of sequence similarity between different Ti plasmids in 1981. (wikipedia.org)
ParABS partition systems, comprising the centromere-like DNA sequence parS, the parS -binding ParB-CTPase and the nucleoid-binding ParA-ATPase, ensure faithful segregation of bacterial chromosomes and low-copy-number plasmids. (biorxiv.org)
F-plasmid has a parS sequence cluster ( parS F , also called sopC ) composed of twelve repeats of a 16 bp consensus sequence, each separated by 27 base-pair spacer sequences ( Helsberg and Eichenlaub, 1986 ). (biorxiv.org)
The protein sequence of IntpTN3 ("type":"entrez-protein","attrs":"text":"WP_022547007.1″,"term_id":"549648429″,"term_text":"WP_022547007.1″WP_022547007.1) is aligned using Praline [Reference 4 in S1 Text] with the reconstituted integrase from TKV4 and other previously characterized tyrosine recombinases from the three domains of life. (ampkpathway.com)
GRP78 is a highly conserved protein that is essential for cell viability.The highly conserved sequence Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL) is present at the C terminus of GRP78and other resident ER proteins including glucose regulated protein 94 (GRP 94) and proteindisulfide isomerase (PDI). (exposed-skin-care.net)

Bacteria display a variety of mechanisms to control plasmid conjugation. (frontiersin.org)
Among them, fertility inhibition (FI) systems prevent conjugation of co-resident plasmids within donor cells. (frontiersin.org)
In this work, inhibition of conjugation of broad host range IncW plasmids was analyzed in the presence of a set of co-resident plasmids. (frontiersin.org)
Strong FI systems against plasmid R388 conjugation were found in IncF/MOB F12 as well as in IncI/MOB P12 plasmids, represented by plasmids F and R64, respectively. (frontiersin.org)
It was also discovered that the R388 gene osa , which affects T-DNA transfer, also prevented conjugation of IncP-1/MOB P11 plasmids represented by plasmids RP4 and R751. (frontiersin.org)
Conjugation experiments of different mobilizable plasmids, helped by either FI-susceptible or FI-resistant transfer systems, demonstrated that the conjugative component affected by both PifC and Osa was the type IV conjugative coupling protein. (frontiersin.org)
Since the relevant products act in trans , the FinOP system collaterally inhibits conjugation of related plasmids ( Frost and Koraimann, 2010 ). (frontiersin.org)
Beyond FinOP, there exist "unusual" FI systems that affect conjugation of unrelated co-resident plasmids. (frontiersin.org)
Two genes of IncP-1α plasmids, fiwA and fiwB , block conjugation of IncW plasmids ( Fong and Stanisich, 1989 ). (frontiersin.org)
This is facilitated via certain crucial regions in the Ti plasmid, including the vir region, which encodes for virulence genes, and the transfer DNA (T-DNA) region, which is a section of the Ti plasmid that is transferred via conjugation into host plant cells after an injury site is sensed by the bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, molecular typing, characterization of ESBL-encoding genes and the genetic environment, conjugation experiments and plasmid analysis were carried out. (who.int)

The role of a plasmid in this pathogenic ability was further supported when large plasmids were found only in pathogenic bacteria but not avirulent bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
Members of the Bacillus cereus sensu lato group of bacteria often contain multiple large plasmids, including those encoding virulence factors in B. anthracis. (dundee.ac.uk)

Besides their traditional uses, LAB are also regarded as attractive hosts for recombinant protein production due to their generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Analysis of the mechanisms of inhibition between conjugative plasmids could provide new alternatives to fight antibiotic resistance dissemination. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, in silico analysis of FI proteins suggests that they represent recent acquisitions of conjugative plasmids, i.e., are not shared by members of the same plasmid species. (frontiersin.org)
For example, all conjugative plasmids code for exclusion systems that act in recipient bacteria to prevent competition between identical plasmid backbones, block uneconomical excess of conjugative transfer, and protect recipients from lethal zygosis ( Garcillan-Barcia and de la Cruz, 2008 ). (frontiersin.org)
therefore, dissemination has been attributed to conjugative plasmids rather than to clonal expansion of a bacterial host strain ( 13 ). (cdc.gov)

In Europe, an association has been suggested between bla CTX-M-14 and plasmids of the incompatibility group IncK, or the spread of 1 particular IncK plasmid ( 11 , 13 , 14 ). (cdc.gov)
Unique properties of alpha-helical DNA-binding KfrA protein of RA3 plasmid from IncU incompatibility group and its host-dependent role in plasmid maintenance. (waw.pl)

If you're working with an uncharacterized protein, or a protein for which a good antibody has not been developed (and just because your protein has a commercially available antibody, that doesn't mean it's a good one), then your first step towards detecting, immunoprecipitating, or purifying that protein may be to fuse an affinity tag to it. (addgene.org)
Antibody mediated methods for protein biomarker detection are widespread, however might restrict discovery. (medmk.com)
We hypothesized that the usage of antibody-free proteomics is possible for detecting protein biomarkers in plasma of sufferers sustaining main trauma. (medmk.com)

In contrast to a chromosomal replication origin, which functionally interacts only with the native DnaA protein of the organism, the ability of RK2 to replicate in a wide range of Gram-negative bacterial hosts requires the interaction of oriV with many different DnaA proteins. (sri.com)
MarR household proteins regulate the transcription of a number of antibiotic-resistance genes and are broadly present in micro organism and archaea. (biomol-informatics.com)
The order of these 4 nucleotides makes up the genetic code and provides the instructions to make every protein within an organism. (addgene.org)
If one of these two plasmids is missing, the organism cannot produce all of its virulence factors. (cdc.gov)

Massive-scale transient expression in Chinese language Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells offers a fast protein manufacturing methodology with a possible start-to-end alignment benefit for biotherapeutics drug discovery. (molvisindex.org)
HSP90 inhibition may also enhance synaptic protein expression via activation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1) transcriptional regulation 16 . (nature.com)
This is accomplished by increasing both the interaction strength and number of interactions among participant proteins, which is not necessarily accompanied by a change in expression levels. (nature.com)
The isolated plasmid could be a useful genetic tool for high-level gene expression in Leuconostoc , and for extending the applications of this useful bacteria to various areas in the dairy and pharmaceutical industries. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, preliminary, it is necessary to develop key tools such as plasmids, efficient transformation methods, and gene expression systems to make Leuconostoc a more promising host for use in a wide variety of applications. (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, expression plasmids are one of the most fundamental systems for genetic manipulations and protein production, especially to carry foreign DNA and to produce recombinant proteins in a host. (biomedcentral.com)
Expression host strains for pETBlue and pTriEx vectors are lDE3 lysogens that also carry the compatible pLacI plasmid, encoding the lac repressor. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The controlled co-expression of a bacteriocin release protein aids in moving periplasmic proteins through the outer membrane. (uni-bielefeld.de)
When expressed as a recombinant protein in transfected cells, PV 3A cofractionates with endoplasmic reticulum markers ( 66 ), and its single transient expression can disrupt the secretory apparatus ( 23 ) and decrease major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression ( 22 ). (asm.org)
A wild-type p53-expressing plasmid enhanced the expression of the p53-responsive element when cotransfected into cells that contain no endogenous p53. (nih.gov)
The second part is a pair of regulatable protein expression vectors that permit in vivo production of the target protein at levels appropriate for genetic experiments. (scipeeps.com)
Our selection of CMV vectors provides options for transient or stable expression of 3xFLAG ® fusion proteins. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The strong human cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter regulatory region drives constitutive protein expression levels as high as 1 mG/L in COS cells. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Transfection of NIH3T3 cells with the pcDNA3.1 expression vector containing the TIF3 cDNA in the sense (5'-->3') orientation resulted in overexpression of the encoded 36 kDa protein. (cdc.gov)
However, carbapenem resistance may also be mediated by the loss or alteration of porin channels, the expression of efflux pumps, or penicillin-binding protein (PBP) modification. (msdmanuals.com)

The first three proposals, on protein-based diagnosis, diagnostic materials and assays for less reactogenic vaccines, have been approved for one year. (who.int)

2005). ToxinCantitoxin encoding genes are located on plasmids and chromosomes of prokaryotes commonly. (rawveronica.com)
Over the next 100 years, many significant discoveries lead to the conclusions that genes encode proteins and reside on chromosomes, which are composed of DNA. (addgene.org)

Bacterial plasmids are key vectors of horizontal gene transfer, mediating the mobilization of genetic material from 1 bacterium to another. (cdc.gov)
However, due to limited genetic tools including plasmids for Leuconostoc , there has not been much extensive research on the genetics and engineering of Leuconostoc yet. (biomedcentral.com)
Eventually, the detection of parts of bacterial plasmids in host plant cells was established, confirming that this was the genetic material responsible for the genetic effect of infection. (wikipedia.org)
With the identification of the Ti plasmid, many studies were carried out to determine the characteristics of the Ti plasmid and how the genetic material is transferred from the Agrobacterium to the plant host. (wikipedia.org)
Our findings show how an extremely common genetic module can be used to ensure plasmid maintenance during stress-induced developmental transitions, with implications for plasmid dynamics in B. cereus s.l. bacteria. (dundee.ac.uk)

The NovaBlue host strain is recommended for initial cloning with pETBlue and pTriEx vectors due to its superior transformation efficiency and high yields of high-quality plasmid DNA. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Such strains are suitable for production of protein from target genes cloned in pET vectors by induction with IPTG. (sigmaaldrich.com)

A key feature of Ti plasmids is their ability to drive the production of opines, which are derivatives of various amino acids or sugar phosphates, in host plant cells. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins are made up of amino acids. (addgene.org)
This system includes all of the components needed for protein synthesis: a highly active cell extract, an optimized T7 RNA polymerase, an RNase inhibitor and a protein synthesis reaction buffer containing energy source, nucleotides, and amino acids. (neb.com)

Prokaryotes can also have a hard time folding eukaryotic proteins. (addgene.org)

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are near-ubiquitous in prokaryotes and have multiple biological roles, including plasmid stabilization during vegetative growth. (dundee.ac.uk)
Here, we have shown that a Type III TA system, based on an RNA antitoxin and endoribonuclease toxin, from plasmid pAW63 in Bacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstaki HD-73 can dramatically promote plasmid retention in populations undergoing sporulation and germination, and we provide evidence that this occurs through the post-segregational killing of plasmid-free forespores. (dundee.ac.uk)
VapB are DNA binding proteins that can also bind the VapC toxin and inhibit its harmful activity (Robson et al. (rawveronica.com)

B. anthracis has 3 main virulence factors coded on 2 plasmids, pXO1 and pXO2. (cdc.gov)

Among them, different plasmids (IncI1, IncFI, CloDF13-like, and IncX) inhibit the transfer of IncF plasmids, although the responsible genes were not characterized ( Gasson and Willetts, 1975 ). (frontiersin.org)
The pLacI plasmid confers chloramphenicol resistance and provides enough lac repressor to inhibit transcription from the T7 lac promoter in the absence of inducer. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Thus, a product of the mdm-2 oncogene forms a tight complex with the p53 protein, and the mdm-2 oncogene can inhibit p53-mediated transactivation. (nih.gov)

Replication initiation of the broad host range plasmid RK2 requires binding of the host-encoded DnaA protein to specific sequences (DnaA boxes) at its replication origin ( oriV ). (sri.com)
However, DnaA proteins from two Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces lividans , while capable of specifically interacting with the DnaA box sequences at oriV , do not bind stably and fail to induce open complex formation. (sri.com)
Complete DNA sequences can be used as a platform to develop rapid epidemiologic tools to identify and trace the spread of plasmids in clinically relevant pathogens, thus facilitating a better understanding of their distribution and ability to transfer between bacteria of humans and animals. (cdc.gov)
C protein binds strongly to pifO, and weakly to sequences in the ori-1 region. (shengsci.com)
Typically plasmids contain the minimum essential DNA sequences for this purpose, which includes a DNA replication origin, an antibiotic-resistance gene, and a region in which exogenous DNA fragments can be inserted. (addgene.org)
Plasmid and codon-optimized Cpf1-family protein sequences. (cdc.gov)
protein sequences were analysed with a major concern [1,2]. (who.int)

Cotransfection of the cells with a mixture of plasmid DNA consisting of TIF3 cDNA in the sense and in the antisense orientation resulted in significant inhibition of translation of the TIF3 protein. (cdc.gov)

Plasmid transfection in bovine cells: Optimization using a realtime monitoring of green fluorescent protein and effect on gene reporter assay. (oregonstate.edu)
additionally, a superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) was used as a reporter protein. (biomedcentral.com)
In this work, FMDV 3A homodimerization was evidenced by an in situ protein fluorescent ligation assay. (asm.org)

Actively concerned in tumor upkeep, cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) has been proposed as a putative biomarker in most cancers. (molvisindex.org)
This gene encodes a member of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (nih.gov)
This protein kinase is calcium-independent and phospholipid-dependent. (nih.gov)
Neuronal homeodomain-interacting protein kinase (HPK-1) extends longevity and promotes healthspan. (elifesciences.org)

Plasmids are fragments of double-stranded DNA that typically carry genes and can replicate independently from chromosomal DNA. (addgene.org)
Like the bacterial chromosomal DNA, plasmid DNA is replicated upon cell division, and each daughter cell receives at least one copy of the plasmid. (addgene.org)

Characterized full-length and truncated plasmid clones of the crystal protein of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. (wikipedia.org)

The presence of carboxy terminal KDEL appears to be necessary forretention and appears to be sufficient to reduce the secretion of proteins from the ER. (exposed-skin-care.net)

These result in imbalances in the connectivity of neuronal circuitry, and also negatively impact the intracellular connectivity of neuronal proteins and protein pathways, contributing to cognitive decline associated with AD 6 . (nature.com)
NS proteins are involved in crucial aspects of the viral cycle and pathogenesis, such as rearrangements of intracellular membranes required for endomembrane recruitment and the lysis of host cells ( 1 , 12 , 14 , 18 , 73 ). (asm.org)
in poliovirus (PV), the interaction between the RNA replication complex and intracellular membranes appears to be accomplished by proteins 3A and 2C, which have membrane-binding properties ( 11 , 60 ). (asm.org)
In fundamental cell biological processes such as signal transduction, enzymatic activity or intracellular fusion during vesicular transport, a large number of proteins are recruited to and released from the cytoplasmic surface of intracellular membranes (Casey et al. (biologists.com)

Understanding the interaction network between transmissible plasmids is essential to know how the main carriers of antibiotic resistance genes disseminate in the environment. (frontiersin.org)
The segregational instability of the plasmid in the absence of antibiotic selection pressure was demonstrated. (uni-bielefeld.de)

We have an active policy of sharing our protein building blocks by contributing depositing our plasmids to AddGene and promote their use by writing dedicated protocols and tutorial reviews. (tue.nl)
If you are interested in plasmids currently not distributed via Addgene please send your request to Prof. Dr Maarten Merkx . (tue.nl)
Most of our important plasmids can be obtained from Addgene . (nki.nl)

By the 1970s the combined discoveries of restriction enzymes, DNA ligase, and gel electrophoresis allowed for the ability to move specific fragments of DNA from one context to another, such as from a chromosome to a plasmid. (addgene.org)

Detection of fusion proteins containing 3xFLAG ® is enhanced up to 200 times more than any other system. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) can help with folding and stabilization, as can maltose-binding protein (MBP). (addgene.org)

We introduce the term protein connectivity-based dysfunction (PCBD) to define this mechanism. (nature.com)
Missense mutations in PRPF31 have previously been shown to cause reduced protein solubility, suggesting insufficiency of functional protein as the disease mechanism. (molvis.org)
Pull-down assays between PRPF31 and PRPF6 proteins showed a stronger interaction for the mutant than wild type, suggesting a mechanism for the negative effect. (molvis.org)
The RP11 missense mutations exert their pathology mainly via a mechanism based on protein insufficiency due to protein insolubility, but there is also a minor direct negative effect on function. (molvis.org)
Single-molecule kinetics reveal microscopic mechanism by which High-Mobility Group B proteins alter DNA flexibility. (shengsci.com)

Unambiguous characterization of site-specific phosphorylation of leucine-rich repeat Fli-I-interacting protein 2 (LRRFIP2) in Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated signaling. (nih.gov)
Modulation of TLR signaling by multiple MyD88-interacting partners including leucine-rich repeat Fli-I-interacting proteins. (nih.gov)

Deletion of the kfr genes from the RA3 stability module decreased the plasmid retention in diverse hosts in a species-dependent manner. (waw.pl)

The viral genome encodes four structural capsid proteins (VP1 to VP4) and seven nonstructural (NS) proteins, the leader Lb/ab protease, and proteins encoded in the P2 (2B and 2C) and P3 (3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D) regions ( 9 ). (asm.org)

Using an existing low-copy plasmid, the copy number of plasmid was increased by random mutagenesis followed by FACS-based high-throughput screening. (biomedcentral.com)

A tumour inducing (Ti) plasmid is a plasmid found in pathogenic species of Agrobacterium, including A. tumefaciens, A. rhizogenes, A. rubi and A. vitis. (wikipedia.org)
Evolutionarily, the Ti plasmid is part of a family of plasmids carried by many species of Alphaproteobacteria. (wikipedia.org)
Many carbapenemases are encoded on plasmids, facilitating the spread of resistance genes among organisms of the same species or even different bacterial species. (msdmanuals.com)

These results suggest that the inability of the DnaA protein of a host bacterium to form a stable and functional complex with the DnaA boxes at oriV is a limiting step for plasmid host range. (sri.com)
Significantly, it showed a stable maintenance of the recombinant plasmid in the absence of any antibiotics. (uni-bielefeld.de)
The specific interactions of KfrA with DNA are essential not only for the transcriptional regulatory function but also for the accessory role of KfrA in stable plasmid maintenance. (waw.pl)

Accession information for all unique Cpf1-family proteins. (cdc.gov)

In both cases, the responsible gene was pifC , known also to be involved in FI of IncP plasmids and Agrobacterium T-DNA transfer to plant cells. (frontiersin.org)
However, this technology relies heavily on the insertion of foreign plasmid DNA into the nuclei of cells (i.e., transfection), which can be very challenging and highly variable among cell types. (oregonstate.edu)
Maximal transfection efficiency was obtained with 0.3μL/well of LipoLTX plus 25ng/well of plasmid DNA (ca. 29.5±1.9%) and 0.15μL/well of LipoLTX plus 25ng/well of plasmid DNA (ca. 4.0±0.4%) for MACT and MDBK cells, respectively. (oregonstate.edu)
Members of this plasmid family are defined by the presence of a conserved DNA region known as the repABC gene cassette, which mediates the replication of the plasmid, the partitioning of the plasmid into daughter cells during cell division as well as the maintenance of the plasmid at low copy numbers in a cell. (wikipedia.org)
Because the T-DNA region of the Ti plasmid can be transferred from bacteria to plant cells, it represented an exciting avenue for the transfer of DNA between kingdoms and spurred large amounts of research on the Ti plasmid and its possible uses in bioengineering. (wikipedia.org)
The C protein has been purified from cells carrying the Ptrp-C plasmid, and a preliminary study of C protein-DNA binding properties has been carried out. (shengsci.com)
Cells continuously monitor protein synthesis to prevent accumulation of aberrant polypeptides. (shengsci.com)
The viral particle is composed of a protein capsid that contains a positive-sense RNA molecule of about 8,500 nucleotides that is infectious and encodes a single polyprotein, which is processed in infected cells by cis - and trans -acting viral proteases ( 55 ) to yield different polypeptide precursors and the mature viral proteins ( 9 , 62 ). (asm.org)
Estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) promotes proliferation of breast cancer cells, whereas tumor suppressor protein p53 impedes proliferation of cells with genomic damage. (nih.gov)
Keratins are a large family of proteins which form the intermediate filament (IF) cytoskeleton of epithelial cells and their appendages hairs and nails (reviewed in references 8 and 15). (exposed-skin-care.net)
a derivative of DamID, to visualize DNA that has contacted a protein of interest in living cells. (nki.nl)
For less potent cell lines, protein levels are typically ~0.1 mG/L. The presence of the SV40 replication origin will result in high levels of DNA replication in SV40 replication permissive COS cells. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The pXO2 plasmid codes for the capsule, a layer of polysaccharides outside of the cell wall that protects the bacteria against phagocytosis, or consumption by defensive cells from the immune system. (cdc.gov)
Transfection-mediated overexpression of TIF3 protein resulted in transformation of the cells as evidenced from the appearance of transformed foci. (cdc.gov)
Antisense (3'-->5') TIF3 mRNA-mediated inhibition of translation of TIF3 protein, furthermore, resulted in inhibition of TIF3-mediated transformation of NIH3T3 cells as evidenced from the decrease in the number of transformed foci. (cdc.gov)

pINFUSE-Fc is a family of pFUSE-Fc plasmids featuring genomic Fc regions with introns. (invivogen.com)

Later, this strain was successfully grown for more than 200 h in a chemostat and was found to be able to express the recombinant protein. (uni-bielefeld.de)
The Sterne strain, discovered in the 1930s, has naturally lost its pXO2 plasmid, and consequently its ability to produce a capsule. (cdc.gov)

Eukaryotic High-Mobility Group B (HMGB) proteins alter DNA elasticity while facilitating transcription, replication and DNA repair. (shengsci.com)
De novo assembly of genuine replication forks on an immobilized circular plasmid in Xenopus egg extracts. (shengsci.com)
We describe an improved model of DNA replication in Xenopus egg extracts, in which a circular plasmid immobilized on paramagnetic beads is used as a template. (shengsci.com)
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) nonstructural protein 3A plays important roles in virus replication, virulence, and host range. (asm.org)

Furthermore, structural analysis of Mm HCP C67Y and characterization of several Mm HCP variants with a Cys67 mutation reveal the significance of Cys67 in protein structure, metallocluster binding and hydroxylamine reductase activity. (nature.com)

KfrA also interacted with the segrosome proteins IncC (ParA) and KorB (ParB), representatives of the class Ia active partition systems. (waw.pl)
F-plasmid partition complexes containing ParB F and parS F move by generating and following a local concentration gradient of nucleoid-bound ParA F . However, the process through which ParB F activates ParA F -ATPase has not been defined. (biorxiv.org)
Basic ParABS systems comprise two proteins, ParA and ParB, and a centromere-like, cis-acting DNA element called parS . (biorxiv.org)

The protein migrates as a single band with a molecular weight of 60,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide electrophoresis. (medmk.com)
B. The resulting supercoiled plasmids were incubated with purified IntpTN3 in a standard reaction and scored for dimer formation by agarose gel electrophoresis where only relevant reactions are shown. (ampkpathway.com)

Since such systems have rarely been applied in continuous culture it seemed to be attractive to study the interplay between growth-phase regulated promoters controlling release protein genes and the productivity of a chemostat process. (uni-bielefeld.de)

methods for the mapping of in vivo protein-genome interactions. (nki.nl)

The combination of a DNA fragment with a plasmid or vector DNA backbone generates a recombinant DNA molecule, which can be used to study DNA fragments of interest, such as genes. (addgene.org)

Genes that confer resistance to antimicrobial drugs used in human or veterinary medicine are often mobilized on plasmids. (cdc.gov)
The ability and frequency with which antimicrobial resistance genes disseminate between bacteria in humans, the environment, and animals is still debated, and the role of plasmids in this movement between ecosystems, including the food chain, is also still contested, despite mounting evidence that it occurs ( 8 , 9 ). (cdc.gov)

Thus, factors such as TR type, TR amount, and DNA plasmid amount need to be optimized for a specific cell type before performing GRT assays. (oregonstate.edu)

FI systems are best known as regulators of plasmid transfer in donor bacteria. (frontiersin.org)
Muscleblind-like proteins (MBNLs) are regulators of RNA metabolism. (shengsci.com)

Overexpression can also lead to insolubility, and aggregated protein is not useful protein. (addgene.org)

Proteotoxic stress promotes entrapment of ribosomes and misfolded proteins in a shared cytosolic compartment. (shengsci.com)

The Ti plasmids themselves are sorted into different categories based on the type of molecule, or opine, they allow the bacteria to break down as an energy source. (wikipedia.org)

Biochemists and molecular biologists who need to overexpress and purify proteins can face any number of technical challenges depending on their protein of interest. (addgene.org)
A molecular model of the FMDV 3A protein, derived from the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) structure of the poliovirus 3A protein, predicted a hydrophobic interface spanning residues 25 to 44 as the main determinant for 3A dimerization. (asm.org)
A cellular phosphoprotein with an apparent molecular mass of 90 kd (p90) that forms a complex with both mutant and wild-type p53 protein has been characterized, purified, and identified. (nih.gov)
Using different approaches we also found that the molecular system where these keratins modulate cell development appears to be associated with pRb as well as the molecular equipment controlling cell routine development during G1 which regarding K10 this function resides in the nonhelical termini from the protein. (exposed-skin-care.net)
These findings culminated in the central dogma of molecular biology, that proteins are translated from RNA, which is transcribed from DNA. (addgene.org)

MBP tags can help with solubility issues, but scientists may also choose to add smaller proteins, such as Thioredoxin A (TrxA) that improve disulfide bond formation in order to help keep your protein soluble. (addgene.org)
Therefore, the risk of altering protein function, blocking other epitopes, or decreasing solubility is minimized. (sigmaaldrich.com)

The soluble fraction of the sonicate was heated at Vidaza irreversible inhibition 65C for 10 minutes, and denatured proteins removed by centrifugation and by passing through a 0.45 m filter. (ampkpathway.com)
If the membrane-anchor is missing or defective, Fp and Ip subunits accumulate as soluble proteins in the cytoplasm. (lu.se)

During sporulation , Btk produces a crystal protein that is lethal to lepidopteran larvae. (wikipedia.org)

KfrA, encoded on the broad-host-range RA3 plasmid, is an alphahelical DNA-binding protein that acts as a transcriptional autoregulator. (waw.pl)
Beginning with biofilms and subcellular compartments, the book explores transcriptional analysis, methods for studying plasmid dynamics, and tools for phylogenetic analysis of bacterial genomes, as well as bacterial effector proteins interfering with host systems, host response analysis, and in vivo and in vitro infection models. (lu.se)

Strep-tagged proteins were purified by affinity fractionation using a Strep-Tactin column (IBA Lifesciences) as recommended by the supplier. (ampkpathway.com)

Anatomy8

Organisms45

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs82

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes89

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Health Care3

Peptides4

Purification6

Coli14

Sequence8

Conjugation11

Large plasmids2

Recombinant protein production1

Conjugative plasmids4

Incompatibility group2

Antibody3

Organism4

Expression15

Vaccines1

Chromosomes2

Genetic5

Vectors2

Amino acids3

Eukaryotic proteins1

Toxin3

Virulence factors1

Inhibit3

Sequences7

CDNA1

Fluorescent3

Kinase4

Chromosomal2

Bacillus1

Secretion1

Intracellular4

Antibiotic2

Addgene3

Chromosome1

Fusion proteins1

Stabilization1

Mechanism5

Leucine2

Retention1

Protease1

Mutagenesis1

Species3

Stable3

Accession1

Cells15

Genomic1

Strain2

Replication4

Mutation1

ParB3

Electrophoresis2

Promoters1

Genome1

Vector1

Resistance2

Assays1

Regulators2

Overexpression1

Promotes1

Molecule1

Molecular5

Solubility2

Soluble2

Sporulation1

Transcriptional2

Purified by affinity1