Plasma membrane sialic acid residues gangliosides. Medical search. Frequent questions

This gene product belongs to a family of glycohydrolytic enzymes which remove sialic acid residues from glycoproteins and glycolipids. (wikipedia.org)
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a subclass of glycolipids that are found in cell membranes of various organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. (springer.com)
Elevated serum SA levels might also be due to either shedding or secretion of free SA from the cell or cell membrane surface if neuraminidase levels are increased, or to the release of cellular SA-containing glycolipids and/or glycoproteins into plasma from myocardial cells after AMI. (scite.ai)

Chemically, the cell coat's glycoproteins and gangliosides have negatively charged sialic acid termini. (microbiologynote.com)
Several approaches suggest that a large proportion of Sia rather incorporated in non-protein components of cell membranes than into glycoproteins. (uni-konstanz.de)
Since the inflammation-sensitive proteins are glycoproteins with SA residues, an increase in their levels due to some type of acute-phase reaction or inflammation could be responsible for the elevated TSA levels in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). (scite.ai)

Gangliosides, complex glycosphingolipids on the plasma membrane containing one or more sialic acid residues, are key components of microdomains. (jneurosci.org)

60% of Sia is lipid bound, and thus polysialic acid-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) cannot be considered the major sialylated membrane component. (uni-konstanz.de)

Based on the ganglio GSL series, gangliosides are synthesized, where sialic acids are linked to the glycan structure to produce negatively charged GSLs. (springer.com)
Membrane glycosphingolipid (GSL) expression positively and sphingomyelin (SM) negatively correlated with multiploid cell formation, indicating the importance of lipid environment in the psychosine-mediated endomitosis. (sphingolipidclub.com)

It may play a role in modulating the ganglioside content of the lipid bilayer. (wikipedia.org)
These differences can produce significant variations in membrane physical properties, in the location of phospholipids in a lipid bilayer and in their biological activity. (thermofisher.com)
The attachment position of the fluorophore determines whether it is located in the nonpolar interior or at the water/lipid interface when the phospholipid analog is incorporated into a lipid bilayer membrane ( Figure 13.2.1 in Fatty Acid Analogs and Phospholipids-Section 13.2 ). (thermofisher.com)

The plasma membranes and intracellular membranes of live cells and the artificial membranes of liposomes represent a significant area of application for fluorescent probes. (thermofisher.com)
It is known that GSLs interact with both intracellular as well as exogenous proteins and are critical for membrane organisation, signalling, and recognition events. (springer.com)

Concanavalin A is a lectin isolated from jack beans that recognises glucose and mannose residues. (microbiologynote.com)

As an example, the plasma membrane of mammalian erythrocytes contains unique, genetically determined components (carbohydrates and proteins) that correspond to blood types A, B, and O. (microbiologynote.com)
We made use here of deoxymannojirimycin (dMM), a non-toxic inhibitor of protein glycosylation, and of N-butyl-deoxynojirimycin (NBdNM) a well-tolerated inhibitor of lipid glycosylation, to develop a method of differential labeling of sialylated membrane lipids (lipid-Sia) or sialylated N-glycosylated proteins (protein-Sia) on live neurons. (uni-konstanz.de)
Extraction procedures are optimized to precipitate and remove proteins and nucleic acids while maximizing solubilization of GSLs along with other lipids. (springer.com)
As a result, we can report that either the shedding or secretion of SA from the cell or cell membrane surface and the increased output of SA-rich inflammation-sensitive proteins may together be responsible for the elevated TSA levels in AMI. (scite.ai)
Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. (lookformedical.com)
A large group of proteins that move substances across a membrane, e.g. as part of nutrient uptake or waste disposal. (cdghub.com)
Membrane embedded proteins are functionally regulated by the lipid composition of the surrounding bilayer. (sphingolipidclub.com)

Membrane probes include fluorescent analogs of natural lipids, as well as lipophilic organic dyes that have little structural resemblance to natural biomolecules ( Figure 13.2.1 in Fatty Acid Analogs and Phospholipids-Section 13.2 ). (thermofisher.com)
We offer fluorescent and, in a few cases, biotinylated analogs of five naturally occurring lipid classes-phospholipids, sphingolipids (including ceramides), fatty acids, triglycerides and steroids. (thermofisher.com)
Phospholipids are the principal building blocks of cell membranes. (thermofisher.com)
Most phospholipids are derivatives of glycerol comprising two fatty acyl residues (nonpolar tails) and a single phosphate ester substituent (polar head group). (thermofisher.com)
Despite their overall structural similarity ( Figure 13.1.1 ), natural phospholipids exhibit subtle differences in their fatty acid compositions, degree of acyl chain unsaturation and type of polar head group. (thermofisher.com)
Fluorescent phospholipid analogs ( Fatty Acid Analogs and Phospholipids-Section 13.2 ) can be classified according to where the fluorophore is attached. (thermofisher.com)
Fatty acids are liberated by the enzymatic action of phospholipase A on phospholipids ( Probes for Lipid Metabolism and Signaling-Section 17.4 ) and also by various other lipases. (thermofisher.com)
Certain fluorescent fatty acids ( Fatty Acid Analogs and Phospholipids-Section 13.2 ) are readily metabolized by live cells to phospholipids, mono-, di- and triacylglycerols, cholesteryl esters and other lipid derivatives. (thermofisher.com)
Docosahexaenoic Acid methyl ester is a methylated docosahexaenoic acid analog which can be intercalated into membrane phospholipids without being oxidized or hydrolyzed [1][2]. (medchemexpress.com)

Fatty acids are the building blocks for a diverse set of biomolecules. (thermofisher.com)
Some fatty acids (e.g., arachidonic acid) are important in cell signaling. (thermofisher.com)
however, fatty acids transfer more readily between aqueous and lipid phases. (thermofisher.com)
Although fatty acids are ionized at neutral pH in water (pK a ~5), their pK a is typically ~7 in membranes, and thus a significant fraction of membrane-bound fatty acids are neutral species. (thermofisher.com)
The structural backbone of sphingolipids is the lipophilic amino-dialcohol sphingosine (2-amino-4-octadecen-1,3-diol, Figure 13.1.1 ) to which a single fatty acid residue is attached via an amide linkage. (thermofisher.com)
Whereas the trisaccharidic head group of Gb 3 defines the specificity of Shiga toxin binding, the lipophilic part composed of sphingosine and different fatty acids is suggested to determine its localization within membranes impacting membrane organisation and protein binding eventually leading to protein internalisation. (springer.com)
Special emphasis is put on the preparation of Gb 3 molecules differing only in their fatty acid part (saturated, unsaturated, α-hydroxylated and both, unsaturated and α-hydroxylated). (springer.com)
The results clearly highlight the influence of the different fatty acids of the Gb 3 sphingolipids on the phase behaviour and the binding properties of Shiga toxin B subunits, even though the membranes were only doped with 5 mol% of the receptor lipid. (springer.com)
To obtain fluorescent Gb 3 derivatives, either fatty acid labelled Gb 3 molecules or head group labelled ones were synthesized. (springer.com)
The results again demonstrate that the fatty acid of Gb 3 plays a pivotal role for the overall membrane organisation. (springer.com)

Normally, transferrin has two N-glycans each with two sialic acid sugars (tetrasialotransferrin). (cdghub.com)
The Structural Complexity and Animal Tissue Distribution of N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid (Neu5Gc)-Terminated Glycans. (gu.se)

We show that activation of Neu3 sialidase, also known as Neuraminidase-3, causing conversion of GD1a and GT1b to GM1 gangliosideM1 is an essential step in regeneration occurring in PNS (sensory) but not CNS (retinal) axons in adult rat. (jneurosci.org)
In PNS axons, axotomy activates Neu3 sialidase, increasing the ratio of GM1/GD1a and GM1/GT1b gangliosides immediately after injury in vitro and in vivo . (jneurosci.org)
Externally applied sialidase converted GD1a ganglioside to GM1 and rescued axon regeneration in CNS axons and in PNS axons after Neu3 sialidase blockade. (jneurosci.org)
Ganglioside conversion by Neu3 sialidase further activates the ERK pathway. (jneurosci.org)
In this paper, we examine Neu3 sialidase action on axonal gangliosides and resultant axon regeneration, and we assess whether these mechanisms help to explain the different regeneration capacities of CNS and PNS axons. (jneurosci.org)
Pharmacological blocking of Neu3 sialidase, downregulation of Neu3 with siRNA, or depleting gangliosides all inhibit PNS regeneration. (jneurosci.org)

The adult mammalian nervous system has four dominant types of gangliosides: GM1, GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b. (jneurosci.org)

For instance, the efficiency of glycosylation along neurite membranes has been characterized as cell health measure in neurotoxicology. (uni-konstanz.de)
characterized by low overall levels of glycosylation with elevated levels of asialo- (no sialic acids) or monosialotransferrin (one sialic acid) isoforms, instead of the normal tetrasialotransferrin. (cdghub.com)

The method allows the fluorescent labeling of sialic acid (Sia) sugar residues on neuronal plasma membranes. (uni-konstanz.de)

The sphingolipids described in Sphingolipids, Steroids, Lipopolysaccharides and Related Probes-Section 13.3 include ceramides, sphingomyelins, glycosylceramides (cerebrosides) and gangliosides. (thermofisher.com)

Enzymes that transfer an amino group from an amino acid to an acceptor molecule, typically an alpha-ketoacid. (cdghub.com)
2,6-Dihydroxybenzoic acid is a secondary metabolite of salicylic acid which has been hydrolyzed by liver enzymes during phase I metabolism. (medchemexpress.com)

However, most studies investigating the role of total and lipid-bound sialic acids (TSA and LSA) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis lack information on the reason for the elevated SA concentrations in coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction. (scite.ai)
Any compound containing one or more monosaccharide residues bound by a glycosidic linkage to a hydrophobic moiety such as an acylglycerol (see GLYCERIDES), a sphingoid, a ceramide (CERAMIDES) (N-acylsphingoid) or a prenyl phosphate. (lookformedical.com)
cherry concentrations in species are compromised that exaggerated of these PCP membranes are bound. (erik-mill.de)

The cell coat is a 10 to 20 nm thick layer in close contact with the plasma membrane's outer leaflet. (microbiologynote.com)
It consists of the cellular epithelium, that has an outer extracellular matrix - the cuticula - and an inner extracellular matrix - the basement membrane. (collembola.org)
It was reported that SM could form cluster in outer leaflet of the membrane, where juxtapose inner leaflet region could recruit phosphatidylinositol-5-kinase to form PIP 2 . (sphingolipidclub.com)

After separation by TLC, 10 -12 -10 -9 mol quantities of GSL can be chemically detected with orcinol, a reagent for hexoses and with resorcinol-HCl, a reagent for sialic acid. (springer.com)

Other, slightly less lipophilic probes are used as membrane markers of endocytosis and exocytosis ( Probes for Following Receptor Binding and Phagocytosis-Section 16.1 ). (thermofisher.com)
In addition, I will discuss recent studies demonstrating that SphK1 is recruited to sphingosine-enriched endocytic vesicles and that phosphorylation of sphingosine to S1P by SphK1 is involved in endocytic membrane trafficking and autophagy and in the crosstalk between endocytosis and autophagy. (sphingolipidclub.com)

Here we uncover structural motifs required for ceramide interaction with the four membrane spanning Lysosome Associated Protein Transmembrane 4B (LAPTM4B). (sphingolipidclub.com)

Due to their low toxicity and stable retention, some lipid probes are particularly useful for long-term cell tracing ( Tracers for Membrane Labeling-Section 14.4 ). (thermofisher.com)
The cell coat surrounds and protects the plasma membrane . (microbiologynote.com)
For instance, a muscle cell with an excitable plasma membrane surrounded by a glycocalyx has been found to maintain its microenvironment by trapping sodium ions. (microbiologynote.com)
Rarely found in humans, M and N antigens are carried by the main sialoglycoproteins of the red blood cell membrane . (microbiologynote.com)
Thus, our method allows visualization of cell-specific sialylation processes for separate classes of membrane constituents. (uni-konstanz.de)
Being typically a minor component of the cell membrane, they are of utmost importance for biological functions that rely on lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions (Schnaar and Kinoshita 2015 ). (springer.com)
A possible role of serum LSA as an indicator of the shedding or secretion of SA from the cell or cell membrane surface in AMI was also evaluated. (scite.ai)
Since the transfer of free SA to lipoproteins is required for an increase in serum LSA levels, and free SA for this transfer can be provided by the secretion of SA from the cell, it is obvious that the shedding or secretion of SA from the cell membrane surface or release of cellular SA from cells into the bloodstream due to cell damage after AMI also occur after AMI. (scite.ai)
In streams, PCP processes psychomotor presence( CE, a lipid by which a cell is along one diet and is along a sialic one), homeostasis of the tubular phase, nucleus acetaldehyde and mycobacterial recruitment B2, among diseases( cleaved in Seifert and Mlodzik, 2007). (erik-mill.de)
Moreover, endomitotic cell cycles could be modulated by the lipid composition of the membrane among GSL, SM and phosphoinositides. (sphingolipidclub.com)

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. (lookformedical.com)
In the process, a new amino acid is prepared. (cdghub.com)
Transaminases play an important role in amino acid metabolism and synthesis. (cdghub.com)
A subunit of a larger biomolecule, e.g. a single amino acid in a protein or a specific sugar in an oligosaccharide. (cdghub.com)

2018 ). Here, we will solely focus on the less recognized globosides and in particular the globoside Gb 3 , which is the membrane receptor for vero toxins. (springer.com)

With these molecules in hand, it became possible to investigate the phase behaviour of liquid ordered/liquid disordered supported membranes doped with the Gb 3 species by means of fluorescence and atomic force microscopy. (springer.com)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus and lipoic acid treatment on serum paraoxonase-1 and paraoxonase-3 protein levels and paraoxonase, arylesterase and lactonase activities.36 rats were equally and randomly divided into 4 groups as control, lipoic acid, diabetes and diabetes+lipoic acid. (scite.ai)
An N-linked CDG caused by defects in the assembly and transfer of oligosaccharide to an asparagine residue on a protein. (cdghub.com)
An iron-binding plasma protein that is used a diagnostic biomarker for N-linked CDG. (cdghub.com)
affinity acid mechanism in base pollutants transduces with the complex of the many granule( protein) during the active M Calcium and increases in the core cleavage of the other enzyme internalization, a expression solely used triphosphate bike tumor polypeptide. (erik-mill.de)

The role of sialic acid (SA) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and as a predictor of cardiovascular events has attracted much attention in recent years. (scite.ai)

It is localized in the plasma membrane, and its activity is specific for gangliosides. (wikipedia.org)

These data indicated that membrane lipid environment could be important for the proper mitotic event(s). (sphingolipidclub.com)

A glycosyltransferase that facilitates the transfer of a sialic acid sugar from a sialic acid-based activated sugar to another molecule. (cdghub.com)

Several methods are available for the detection of lipemic samples, including the lipemic index, or triglyceride quantification in serum or plasma samples, or mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCHC) concentration in blood samples. (bvsalud.org)

To induce diabetes, a single dose of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to diabetes and diabetes+lipoic acid groups. (scite.ai)
Lipoic acid (10 mg/kg/day) was injected intraperitoneally for 14 days to lipoic acid and diabetes+lipoic acid groups. (scite.ai)

We offer a wide range of both types of membrane probes. (thermofisher.com)
models in Drosophila identified a membrane-cytoskeletal download Drawing Dynamic of PCP acids leading Frizzled( Fz), Flamingo( Fmi), Van Gogh( Vang), Dishevelled( Dsh), Prickle( Pk) and Diego( Dgo), whose types are freely severe in the domain upon lipogenesis of PCP( built Maung and Jenny, 2011). (erik-mill.de)

characterized by elevated levels of trisialo- (three sialic acids), disialo-, monosialo- and/or asialotransferrin. (cdghub.com)

Anatomy35

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