Cystinuria is an autosomal-recessive defect in reabsorptive transport of cystine and the dibasic amino acids ornithine, arginine, and lysine from the luminal fluid of the renal proximal tubule and small intestine. (medscape.com)
In 1993, Lee et al cloned a human complementary DNA, rBAT (renal basic amino acid transporter) in chromosome 2, encoding a transport protein for cystine and dibasic amino acids. (medscape.com)
Various authors have studied amino acid transport in cell membranes obtained from the proximal renal tubule of humans, rats, and rabbits. (medscape.com)
Receptor-agonist binding causes a reduction in renal sodium reabsorption, which results in a decreased blood volume. (encyclopedia.pub)
Causes include accumulation of ketones and lactic acid, renal failure, and drug or toxin ingestion (high anion gap) and gastrointestinal or renal HCO 3 − loss (normal anion gap). (msdmanuals.com)
Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate were measured using infusion clearance of para-aminohippuric acid and a filtration marker, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Excretion2
The lower osmolarity of the medullary interstitium leads to less reabsorption of tubular fluid and increased excretion. (wikipedia.org)
Bartter syndrome (BS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of salt reabsorption at the thick ascending limb of the Henle loop, characterized by hypokalemia, salt loss, metabolic alkalosis, hyperreninemic hyperaldosteronism with normal blood pressure. (biomedcentral.com)
Distal convol1
Decreases sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule (interaction with NCC) and cortical collecting duct of the nephron via guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) dependent phosphorylation of ENaC. (wikipedia.org)
Tubular2
Amino acids are readily filtered by the glomerulus and undergo nearly complete reabsorption by proximal tubular cells. (medscape.com)
The decreased megalin and cubilin expression may contribute to the proximal tubular reabsorption defect, possibly secondary to Th17 infiltration and formation of ectopic germinal centers. (biomedcentral.com)
Sodium1
Adverse effects, blood pressure, heart rate, haemoglobin concentra-tion, per cent methaemoglobin in blood and plasma nitrite and nitrate concentration were recorded frequently for 24 h after each administration of sodium nitrite. (inchem.org)
Proteins4
Plasma travels through the body in blood vessels and transports a range of materials, including blood cells, proteins (including clotting factors and antibodies), electrolytes, nutrients, gases, and wastes. (edu.vn)
This review focuses on emerging topics encompassing the functional involvement of aquaporin channel proteins (AQPs) and membrane transport systems, also allowing permeation of NO and hydrogen peroxide, a major ROS, in oxidative stress physiology and pathophysiology. (hindawi.com)
This notion has been challenged by the discovery of new membrane transport functions, especially those exerted by aquaporins (AQPs), a family of membrane channel proteins widespread in nature [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
interaction( Hh) is a bound transfer that is very proteins in modifications resulting past plasma mRNA, fibril-associated information DNA, isoform kinase and activity( characterised in Hui and Angers, 2011). (evakoch.com)
Carbonic acid3
In this case, the bicarbonate HCO3− ion concentration decreases by binding of bicarbonate HCO3− ions and protons H+, which results in the formation of H2CO3 carbonic acid, which subsequently breaks down into carbon dioxide CO2 and water H2O. (msdmanuals.com)
Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is considered a strong acid because it is present only in a completely ionized form in the body, whereas carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3 ) is a weak acid because it is ionized incompletely, and, at equilibrium, all three reactants are present in body fluids. (medscape.com)
[ 10 ] In 1961, Milne et al demonstrated reduced intestinal absorption of dibasic amino acids in persons with cystinuria. (medscape.com)
Osmotic2
Osmosis is basically the diffusion of water from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration, along an osmotic gradient across a semi-permeable membrane. (edu.vn)
Cell hydration is perturbed by manifold osmotic stressors because cells' plasmamembranes are semipermeable to water and solutes. (ppexmed.com)
Concentrations2
Plasma concentrations of glycerol and nonesterified fatty acids are increased by i.v. infusion of ANP in humans. (wikipedia.org)
conversely, food or one of its components may affect bioavailability and half-life, circulating plasma concentrations of drugs resulting in an increased risk of toxicity and its adverse effects, or therapeutic failure. (mdpi.com)
Bases3
The balance between acids and bases in the BODY FLUIDS. (lookformedical.com)
Normally, blood pH depends on the balance or ratio between the concentration of bases, mainly bicarbonate HCO3−, which increases the pH, and acids, mainly carbon dioxide CO2, which decrease the pH. (msdmanuals.com)
Thus, buffers work as a first-line of defense to blunt the changes in pH that would otherwise result from the constant daily addition of acids and bases to body fluids. (medscape.com)
Regulation3
Acid-Base Regulation Metabolic processes in the human body continually produce acid and, to a lesser degree, base. (msdmanuals.com)
Understanding the regulation of acid-base balance requires appreciation of the fundamental definitions and principles underlying this complex physiologic process. (medscape.com)
The calcium ion is essential to any physiologic phenomena, including preservation of the integrity of cellular membranes, neuromuscular activity, regulation of endocrine and exocrine secretory activities, blood coagulation, activation of the complement system, and bone metabolism. (abdominalkey.com)
Fatty1
Increases the release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue. (wikipedia.org)
Hydrochloric1
Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion. (lookformedical.com)
Increases1
Activates adipocyte plasma membrane type A guanylyl cyclase receptors NPR-A Increases intracellular cGMP levels that induce the phosphorylation of a hormone-sensitive lipase and perilipin A via the activation of a cGMP-dependent protein kinase-I (cGK-I) Does not modulate cAMP production or PKA activity BNP and NT-proBNP are measured by immunoassay. (wikipedia.org)
Receptors1
Megalin and cubilin are multiligand protein receptors expressed at the brush border membrane and involved in endocytosis in PTECs. (biomedcentral.com)
Semipermeable1
Serum ultrafiltrable calcium is obtained by applying pressure on serum against a semipermeable membrane. (abdominalkey.com)
Cellular1
These are the ' zinc-binding cellular acid ' sugar and the ' genome resulting ' history. (evakoch.com)
EQUILIBRIUM1
Disturbances in the ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM of the body. (lookformedical.com)
Sequence1
97) over s, we can 4 obtain expressions for the hydrodynamic force, mRNA half-life, gene copy number, codon usage, and specific amino acid sequence of the protein, are addressed later in this chapter. (top5binarybrokers.com)
Moves1
In the body, water moves through semi-permeable membranes of cells and from one compartment of the body to another by a process called osmosis. (edu.vn)
Cells7
The intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment is the system that includes all fluid enclosed in cells by their plasmamembranes. (edu.vn)
Extracellular fluid has two primary constituents: the fluid component of the blood (called plasma) and the interstitial fluid (IF) that surrounds all cells not in the blood ( [link] ). (edu.vn)
Materials travel between cells and the plasma in capillaries through the IF. (edu.vn)
Cells are separated from the IF by a selectively permeable cell membrane that helps regulate the passage of materials between the IF and the interior of the cell. (edu.vn)
Throughout the years, ROS and NO have been widely considered to enter cells by freely diffusing through the cell membrane lipid bilayer and not via specific transporters or channels. (hindawi.com)
This review focuses on an emerging topic, the functional involvement of AQPs in ROS membrane transport, with specific regard to the movement of hydrogen peroxide and NO into and out of cells, in both health and oxidative stress-induced diseases. (hindawi.com)
1 L/d of drinking water was associated with concurrent changes in carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and micronutrient metabolism, a metabolomic pattern of carbohydrate oxidation via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, instead of glycolysis to lactate, and a reduction of chronic disease risk factors in Week 6. (ppexmed.com)
Thus, serum water is forced across the membrane, and the ultrafiltrate is analyzed for calcium concentration and then corrected for total serum solids. (abdominalkey.com)
An acid is a substance that can donate hydrogen ions (H + ). A base is a substance that can accept H + ions. (medscape.com)
Structural2
The molecular organization of differentially curved caveolae indicates bendable structural units at the plasma membrane. (leibniz-fmp.de)
Determinations are best made on freshly separated serum, because heparin creates complexes with calcium, and the presence of fibrin may interfere with the structural integrity of the porous membrane used in the procedure. (abdominalkey.com)
Cell1
Know normal platelet count, increased bleeding time, increased PTT *Captopril is a teratogen *MOA of Amphotericin B Punches holes in ergosterol of the fungal cell membrane *Tons of biostats. (pdfcoffee.com)
Disorders1
Acid-Base Disorders Acid-base disorders are pathologic changes in carbon dioxide partial pressure (Pco2) or serum bicarbonate (HCO3 − ) that typically produce abnormal arterial pH values. (msdmanuals.com)
Metabolic2
So, basically, metabolic acidosis arises either from the buildup of acid in our blood, which could be because it's produced or ingested in increased amounts, or because the body can't get rid of it, or from excessive bicarbonate HCO3− loss from the kidneys or gastrointestinal tract. (msdmanuals.com)
Metabolic acidosis is a clinical disturbance characterized by an increase in plasma acidity. (medscape.com)
Specific1
proBNP is subsequently cleaved between arginine-102 and serine-103 by a specific convertase (probably furin or corin) into NT-proBNP and the biologically active 32-amino acid polypeptide BNP-32, which are secreted into the blood in equimolar amounts. (wikipedia.org)
Blood4
Blood plasma is the second part of the ECF. (edu.vn)
The blood pH needs to be constantly between 7.35 and 7.45, and in addition the blood needs to remain electrically neutral, which means that the total cations, or positively charged particles, equals the total anions, or negatively charged particles. (msdmanuals.com)
These protons can come from organic acids which have accumulated in the blood, but they can also come from increased production in our body. (msdmanuals.com)
As blood courses through the glomeruli, soaks out of the blood through the membranes (by osmosis and diffusion) filtered flows into the Bowman's capsule. (easynotecards.com)
Gene1
BNP is synthesized as a 134-amino acid preprohormone (preproBNP), encoded by the human gene NPPB. (wikipedia.org)
Formation1
then, the time formation between CAMx and CALGRID is a corresponding acid in what interprets the 43)AbstractCrystallization of algorithm audience, but some effects diving point. (taido-hannover.de)
Body1
Strong acids are those that are completely ionized in body fluids, and weak acids are those that are incompletely ionized in body fluids. (medscape.com)