Kinase-like proteinLeucine-rich repeat recPutative leucine-rich rArabidopsisFLS2TransmembraneCognateProteinsPattern-recognitiKinasesExtracellularImmuneIntracellularPathwaysOuter membraneAntigenElongationCytokineMoleculesRearrangementBRI1RolesEGFRNucleic acidGAGsConstitutivelyBacterialEnzymePAMPActivityLRRsAbundantLipidIntegralProgressionActivationTranscription factorsInteractionAbsenceTypeResponseCell surfaceControlSource
Kinase-like protein2
- Encodes a CLAVATA1-related receptor kinase-like protein required for both shoot and flower meristem function. (or.jp)
- In Arabidopsis plants, the activity of leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase-like protein 1 (LRR-RLK1) is enhanced by rapid-cycling dipeptides via protein-protein interaction and then triggers the signaling cascade for systemic acquired resistance (SAR). (acku.org.my)
Leucine-rich repeat rec1
- Li, J. & Chory, J. A putative leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase involved in brassinosteroid signal transduction. (nature.com)
Putative leucine-rich r2
Arabidopsis3
- Shiu, S. H. & Bleecker, A. B. Receptor-like kinases from Arabidopsis form a monophyletic gene family related to animal receptor kinases. (nature.com)
- EF-Tu receptor, abbreviated as EFR, is a pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) that binds to the prokaryotic protein EF-Tu (elongation factor thermo unstable) in Arabidopsis thaliana. (wikipedia.org)
- The best studied PAMP recognition systems in plants are represented by the bacterial flagellin recognized by the Arabidopsis thaliana FLS2 receptor and the fungal chitin recognized by the CEBiP receptor [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
FLS23
- Like EFR, FLS2 (flagellin-sensing 2) is a plant receptor-like kinase that acts as a PRR in the plant innate immune system. (wikipedia.org)
- The immune response triggered by FLS2 is very similar to the one that is triggered by EFR and the enzymes that are activated by both receptors likely come from a common pool that is found in many cells. (wikipedia.org)
- The FLS2 protein belongs to the Receptor-like Kinase (RLK) gene family. (biomedcentral.com)
Transmembrane2
- PRRs are transmembrane proteins, which have an anchor inside the cell and portions that extend beyond the membrane. (wikipedia.org)
- The typical structure of an RLK is an extracellular receptor domain that recognizes the PAMP molecule, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular kinase domain [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cognate2
- One possible cognate receptor for BAFF includes the Nogo receptor (NgR) and its homologs, previously established as potent inhibitors of axonal regeneration during central nervous system (CNS) injury and disease. (medsci.org)
- We have studied the dual phenotype of bacterial effectors with regards to both virulence and their ability to trigger effector-mediated immunity when they are recognized by their cognate NB-LRR plant innate immune receptors. (berkeley.edu)
Proteins5
- Using a GFP-tagged bri1-120 construct, we detected the bri1-120 protein in the plasma membrane, and showed that the phenotypic defects in the rosette leaves of bri1-301 , a kinase-inactive weak allele of BRI1 , can be restored by the overexpression of the bri1-120 proteins in bri1-301 . (biomedcentral.com)
- In a very interesting chapter, Z. PANCER and M. D. COOPER first consider the emergence of lymphocytes as a novel circulatory cell type in vertebrates and then discuss phylogenetic aspects of the superfamily of LRR - containing proteins and their role in immunity. (scielo.br)
- Several types of Xoo virulence factors have been identified, including proteins associated with exopolysaccharide (EPS) production and motility, outer membrane (OM) proteins and TonB-dependent receptors, hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (Hrp) proteins, and type III (T3) effectors [ 2 ]. (researchsquare.com)
- Plant intracellular nucleotide binding and leucine-rich repeat proteins (NB-LRR, NLRs) function as immune receptors to detect microbial pathogens directly or indirectly. (ubc.ca)
- In chapter 2, by using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, genetic analysis and biochemical assays, I identified the differential pairings of typical NLR receptor SOC3 with atypical NLR proteins CHS1 or TN2 to guard the homeostasis of the E3 ligase SAUL1. (ubc.ca)
Pattern-recogniti2
- One is the use of pattern-recognition receptors (PRR) to bind to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP), which are highly conserved structures on the outside of many invasive organisms. (wikipedia.org)
- Plants have evolved the ability to detect potentially pathogenic microorganisms via pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) localized on the surface of plant cells [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Kinases1
- Receptor-like kinases are well-known to play key roles in disease resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
Extracellular5
- In comparison, the exact function of the leucine rich-repeats (LRR) region located before the 70-amino acid island domain in the extracellular cellular portion of BRI1 has not yet been described, due to a lack of specific mutant alleles. (biomedcentral.com)
- Our results indicated that the extracellular LRR regions before the 70-amino acid island domain of BRI1 are important for the appropriate cellular functioning of BRI1. (biomedcentral.com)
- N-terminal LRRs are found in the extracellular portion of the plasma membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
- Free glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycan- (PG-) containing GAGs, key effectors of cell surface, pericellular and extracellular microenvironments, perform multiple functions in cancer by virtue of their coded structure and their ability to interact with both ligands and receptors that regulate cancer growth [ 1 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
- GAGs bound into PGs are located to the extracellular matrix, basal membrane, and cell surface [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Immune3
- This receptor is an important part of the plant immune system as it allows the plant cells to recognize and bind to EF-Tu, preventing genetic transformation and protein synthesis in pathogens such as Agrobacterium. (wikipedia.org)
- The cell surface immune receptors (CSIRs) and intracellular immune receptors (IIRs) directly or indirectly recognize apoplastic or cytoplasmic "invasion molecules" to induce weak or strong immune responses [ 3 ]. (researchsquare.com)
- Our laboratory studies many aspects of plant innate immunity and employs cutting edge methods to answer many of the pressing questions in the field that pertain to effector recognition and NB-LRR immune receptor activation. (berkeley.edu)
Intracellular2
- In metazoans, intracellular receptors recognize these molecules. (nature.com)
- PGs, molecules which consist of a protein core that is covalently modified with GAG chains, are distributed both to the ECM "proper" associated with the cell membrane as well as located to intracellular compartment. (hindawi.com)
Pathways2
- This indicates that the two receptor pathways converge, which has been shown to occur at the ion channels in the plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
- In this context, a new molecule, B-cell activating factor (BAFF), has emerged as a positive regulator of B cell survival and differentiation functioning through various signaling pathways and potentiating the activity of various receptor complexes through pleiotropic means. (medsci.org)
Outer membrane1
- Gram-negative bacteria not only have different factors of virulence and generate products and sub-products that are toxic to apical and periapical tissues, but also contain endotoxin in the outer membrane of their cell wall. (bvsalud.org)
Antigen2
- Evidence has recently been obtained that two very different recombinatorial systems for lymphocyte antigen receptor diversification appeared at the beginning of vertebrate evolution approximately 500 million years ago. (scielo.br)
- Jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) generate a diverse repertoire of B and T cell antigen receptors through the rearrangement of immunoglobulin V, D, and J gene fragments, whereas jawless fish (agnathans) assemble diverse lymphocyte antigen receptor genes through the genomic rearrangement of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) - encoding molecules. (scielo.br)
Elongation1
- The download advanced mass spectrometry reticulum city receptors very explore the businesses in elongation at the phosphorylates of valine. (evakoch.com)
Cytokine1
- first focus on transcription factors and other parameters, such as cytokine receptor signaling. (scielo.br)
Molecules1
- In both plants and animals, nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors play crucial roles in the recognition of pathogen-derived molecules and the activation of defense. (ubc.ca)
Rearrangement1
- ALK-EML4 rearrangement, ROS1 fusion and MET were not detected in plasma samples. (bvsalud.org)
BRI16
- Plants, however, perceive steroids at membranes, using the membrane-integral receptor kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1). (nature.com)
- We propose that steroid binding to BRI1 generates a docking platform for a co-receptor that is required for receptor activation. (nature.com)
- An accessible membrane-proximal region of BRI1 may provide a protein-protein interaction platform. (nature.com)
- Since the identification of BRI1 (BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE1), a brassinosteroids (BRs) receptor, most of the critical roles of BR in plant development have been assessed using various bri1 mutant alleles. (biomedcentral.com)
- We sequenced the genomic DNA spanning BRI1 in the cp3 and found that cp3 has a point mutation in the region encoding the 13th LRR of BRI1, resulting in a change from serine to phenylalanine (S399F). (biomedcentral.com)
- BRI1 constitutively forms a homodimer in the plasma membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
Roles1
- Our findings provide insight into the activation mechanism of this highly expanded family of plant receptors that have essential roles in hormone, developmental and innate immunity signalling. (nature.com)
EGFR4
- OBJECTIVES: Testing for EGFR, ALK, ROS1 and MET alterations in paired tissue and plasma samples of treatment-naïve patients of NSCLC and correlating their status with overall survival. (bvsalud.org)
- Forty-three cases showed EGFR mutations in plasma, 26 of which were concurrently positive in tissue. (bvsalud.org)
- Sensitivity and specificity for detection of EGFR mutation in plasma were 55.3% and 67.9% respectively. (bvsalud.org)
- Thus, GAGs/PGs may modulate downstream signaling of key cellular mediators including insulin growth factor receptor (IGFR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), estrogen receptors (ERs), or Wnt members. (hindawi.com)
Nucleic acid1
- DNA & RNA extraction was done from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue and total cell-free nucleic acid extraction was done from plasma samples. (bvsalud.org)
GAGs2
- GAGs and PGs perform multiple functions in specific stages of the metastatic cascade due to their defined structure and ability to interact with both ligands and receptors regulating cancer pathogenesis. (hindawi.com)
- events have receptors stimulated with students( GAGs), unregulated chains docking of a inactive actin, all of an been protein respiration cell a considerable subunits. (evakoch.com)
Constitutively1
- The constant management constitutively required to bind down the methylmalonic of aberrant plasma. (evakoch.com)
Bacterial2
- Intestinal barrier integrity is impaired early in acute retroviral infection, but levels of plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a marker of bacterial translocation, increase only later. (prelekara.sk)
- Treating uninfected mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced bacterial translocation, but did not result in elevated plasma LPS levels. (prelekara.sk)
Enzyme1
- The multiple GPCRs causes a abnormal site repressed plasma whose factor and enzyme interacts on eIF2B service( IFT). (evakoch.com)
PAMP1
- EFR receptors have a high affinity for the EF-Tu PAMP. (wikipedia.org)
Activity1
- and signaling receptor activity. (nih.gov)
LRRs1
- We find a superhelix of 25 twisted leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), an architecture that is strikingly different from the assembly of LRRs in animal Toll-like receptors. (nature.com)
Abundant1
- brain abundant membrane attached signal. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Lipid1
- This form is more soluble in lipid environments, and passes more readily across the plasma membrane. (globalsciencebooks.info)
Progression1
- Early activation of Toll-like receptor-3 reduces the pathological progression of Alzheimer's disease in APP/PS1 mouse. (nih.gov)
Activation4
- Signal transduction down the Ras/MAPK pathway, including that critical to T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, has been generally considered to occur at the plasma membrane. (scielo.br)
- These conditions allowed higher levels of plasma LPS and CD8+ cell activation, which were associated with lower CD4+/CD8+ cell ratios and higher viral loads. (prelekara.sk)
- 2009 Elevated plasma lipopolysaccharide is not sufficient to drive natural killer cell activation in HIV-1-infected individuals. (prelekara.sk)
- 2008 Relationship between T cell activation and CD4+ T cell count in HIV-seropositive individuals with undetectable plasma HIV RNA levels in the absence of therapy. (prelekara.sk)
Transcription factors1
- DEGs containing NBS-LRR domain or defense-related WRKY transcription factors were also identified. (frontiersin.org)
Interaction1
- This rejection mechanism is initiated by a ligand-receptor interaction and is genetically controlled by a single polymorphic locus, called the S -locus [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Absence1
- HA is synthesized in the absence of a protein core at the inner face of the plasma membrane and consequently found in the form of free chains whereas other GAG types are covalently bound into protein cores to form proteoglycans (PGs). (hindawi.com)
Type1
- Moreover, when leaves of the Plasma membrane Intrinsic Protein (PIP) aquaporin quadruple mutant pip1;1 pip1;2 pip2;1 pip2;2 were tested, robust wild-type-like responses to ABA were observed. (biomedcentral.com)
Response1
- In response to a water deficit, ion and water-transport systems across membranes control guard cell turgor pressure and stimulate stomatal closure. (stationzilla.com)
Cell surface1
- Tyrosine-protein kinase that plays an essential role as cell surface receptor for neuregulins. (univ-amu.fr)
Control2
- In addition, we show that the very early transcriptional regulation of the rice OsWAK genes is triggered by chitin and is partially under the control of the chitin receptor CEBiP. (biomedcentral.com)
- 2009 Delayed loss of control of plasma lipopolysaccharide levels after therapy interruption in chronically HIV-1-infected patients. (prelekara.sk)
Source1
- Fc alpha receptor [Source:HGNC Symbol;A. (gsea-msigdb.org)