• Recent study demonstrates, that serum Clusterin level increases significantly in diabetic type II patients and in patients with developing coronary heart disease, or myocardial infarction. (biovendor.com)
  • These data raise the possibility that elevated Clusterin levels in serum may represent a strong indication of vascular damage. (biovendor.com)
  • In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), reduced serum Clusterin levels correlated inversely with disease activity. (biovendor.com)
  • Kropáčková T, Šléglová O, Růžičková O, Vencovský J, Pavelka K, Šenolt L. Lower serum clusterin levels in patients with erosive hand osteoarthritis are associated with more pain. (biovendor.com)
  • RayBio® Human Immunoquantitative (PCR-Based) Clusterin-like protein 1 ELISA Kit for cell culture supernatants, plasma, and serum samples. (raybiotech.com)
  • The RayBio ® Custom Human Clusterin-like protein 1 IQELISA™ Kit is a modified ELISA assay with high sensitivity qPCR readout for the quantitative measurement of Human Clusterin-like protein 1 in serum, plasma, and cell culture supernatants. (raybiotech.com)
  • Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Canine serum amyloid A2 (SAA2) in samples from serum, plasma. (tlr-4.com)
  • Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human True insulin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. (genprofiling.com)
  • Immunohistochemistry revealed a marked increase in extracellular clusterin protein expression in the perilesional cortex and ipsilateral hippocampus (7d to 1 month post-TBI), and ipsilateral thalamus (14d to 12 months post-TBI). (nature.com)
  • Moreover, it was proposed that Clusterin functions as an extracellular chaperon that stabilizes stressed proteins in a folding-competent state, and that the protein is involved in programmed cell death. (biovendor.com)
  • Prominent amongst such extracellular chaperones is clusterin (CLU), which is present in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Research led by the Institute of Psychiatry (IoP) King's College London (KCL), and published in the Archives of General Psychiatry today, has found that clusterin levels in blood could be an early biomarker of Alzheimer's disease (AD) many years before symptoms appear. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • This provides further evidence that clusterin is critically important in Alzheimer's disease where it probably works to help protect the brain from amyloid protein. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Another defining prominent function of Clusterin is its induction in many severe physiological disturbances states including kidney degenerative diseases, prostate and vesicle carcinogenesis, ovarian cancer and several neurodegenerative conditions (Alzheimer's disease). (biovendor.com)
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate cholesterol esterification and HDL subclasses in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study utilised plasma samples from 720 subjects: 262 with Alzheimer's disease, 199 with mild cognitive impairment, and 259 elderly controls with no dementia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Concentrations were compared patients with and without Alzheimer's disease, with healthy controls. (bvsalud.org)
  • RESULTS: Plasma p-tau181 concentrations were significantly raised in patients with Alzheimer's disease but not after TBI, where concentrations were non-elevated, and remained stable over one year. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our findings suggest that plasma clusterin is a candidate biomarker for acute TBI diagnosis. (nature.com)
  • Identifying clusterin as a blood biomarker that may be relevant to both the pathology and symptoms of the disease may bring us closer to this goal. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • On this basis, we hypothesized that TBI leads to increases in the brain levels of clusterin protein, and consequently, increased plasma clusterin levels. (nature.com)
  • This creates an inhibitory complex that reduces plasma protein levels by preventing translation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Custirsen acts as an anti-cancer drug by binding to the mRNA initiation site of the clusterin gene, reducing clusterin protein plasma concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
  • The anti-apoptotic activity of clusterin in aiding tumour growth is due to interactions with protein complexes. (wikipedia.org)
  • They found that a single protein - clusterin - was related to brain shrinkage, severity of memory problems and a risk of faster memory loss. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • The protein is constitutively secreted by a number of cell types including epithelial and neuronal cells and is a major protein in physiological fluids including plasma, milk, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and semen. (biovendor.com)
  • We have examined in this study whether or not increased expression of clusterin is able to protect neuronal cells against intracellular protein aggregation and cytotoxicity, characteristics that are strongly implicated in a range of neurodegenerative diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We used the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated protein TDP-43 as a primary model to investigate the effects of clusterin on protein aggregation and neurotoxicity in complementary in vitro, neuronal cell and Drosophila systems. (biomedcentral.com)
  • METHODS: Plasma p-tau181 and other post-traumatic biomarkers, including total-tau (t-tau), neurofilament light (NfL), ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), were assessed after moderate-to-severe TBI in the BIO-AX-TBI cohort (first sample mean 2.7 days, second sample within 10 days, then 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months, n=42). (bvsalud.org)
  • Recent advancement in ultrasensitive protein assays has allowed the quantification of tau and phosphorylated tau proteins in peripheral plasma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This assay employs an antibody specific for Human Clusterin-like protein 1 coated on a 96-well PCR plate. (raybiotech.com)
  • Standards and samples are pipetted into the wells and Clusterin-like protein 1 present in a sample is bound to the wells by the immobilized antibody. (raybiotech.com)
  • LCAT, the major player in HDL maturation, is mainly synthesized by the liver but also in the brain, suggesting a crucial role of this enzyme in the maturation of brain lipoproteins, although LCAT concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is much lower than in plasma [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Description: Clusterin Canine Recombinant produced in HEK293 cells is a glycosylated, Polypeptide chain containing 436 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 50.72 kDa. (tlr-4.com)
  • Using the same method in blood samples from volunteers in an ongoing study in the United States, they showed that increased amounts of clusterin, measured a decade earlier to the brain scans, were linked to higher levels of beta amyloid in the brain. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Under the microscope, they also observed clusterin to be surrounding the amyloid plaques. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Our previous mRNA-seq data revealed a 1.8-2.5 fold increase in clusterin mRNA expression in lesioned brain areas in rats with lateral fluid-percussion injury (FPI)-induced TBI. (nature.com)
  • Taken together our data indicate that cholesterol esterification is hampered in plasma and CSF of AD patients and that plasma cholesterol esterification biomarkers (unesterified cholesterol and unesterified/total cholesterol ratio) are significantly associated to disease biomarkers (i.e. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, plasma tau and plasma ptau181 can be considered as biomarkers for AD diagnosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Advanced immunoassays show significant elevations in plasma total tau (t-tau) early post-TBI, but concentrations subsequently normalise rapidly. (bvsalud.org)
  • Clusterin is a highly conserved glycoprotein ubiquitously expressed in the brain as well as in peripheral tissues in different species, including rodents and humans 15 . (nature.com)
  • Clusterin can be a multifunctional glycoprotein which can be widely distributed in lots of tissues and controlled by a number of environmental adjustments. (biosemiotics2013.org)
  • The plasma levels of clusterin, soluble complement receptor 2 (sCR2) and CRP were determined using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-compatible antibody pairs (clusterin and CRP from R&D systems (Abingdon, UK) (cat# DY5874 and DY1707) and sCR2 from Sino Biological (Beijing, China) (cat# SEKA10811)) and protocols were followed as described by the manufacturers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The plasma levels of soluble complement receptor 1 (sCR1), C1-inhibitor (C1inh), C5, C9 and C1q were determined using optimised antibody pairs in sandwich ELISAs developed in-house. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The synthetic addition of a 2'-methoxyethyl on each nucleotide bookending the phosphorothioate backbone causes: An increased affinity for the RNA54 targeted gene sequence An increased resistance to digestive nucleases Decreased toxicity Increased tissue half-life by approximately seven days Decrease adverse side effects, enabling more potent concentrations Clusterin is upregulation in many tumours including prostate, breast, non-small cell lung, ovary and colorectal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Due to its wide breath of tissue distribution many diverse physiological functions have been attributed to Clusterin including sperm maturation, membrane recycling, lipid transportation, tissue remodelling, complement inhibition and cell-cell or cell-substratum interactions. (biovendor.com)
  • Glucose-induced activation of DAG/PKC signaling in microsomes was not associated with a change in the translocation of Glut-4 transporters from microsomes to the plasma membrane, a biological response that is known to be stimulated by agonists, e.g., phorbol esters, which increase DAG/PKC signaling in plasma membranes, as well as in microsomes. (jci.org)
  • Therefore, COMSOL Inc. (Stockholm, Sweden) has made an application on membrane dialysis to study the impact of different design and process parameters on dialyzed liquid concentration . (hiv-pharmacogenomics.org)
  • Among these factors, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), the enzyme responsible of cholesterol esterification in plasma, plays a major role in HDL maturation [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We therefore conclude that increased expression of clusterin can provide an important defense against intracellular proteotoxicity under conditions that mimic specific features of neurodegenerative disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These include: The binding of clusterin to a structurally altered Ku70-Bax complex Regulation of Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB activity and signalling Kinase ERK and AKT Kinase Promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition A meta-analysis study evaluated 5588 Custirsen plasma concentrations from 631 subjects over seven clinical studies. (wikipedia.org)
  • Another interesting observation obtained in rat model suggests that measurement of urinary Clusterin levels may be a useful clinical marker for the severity of renal tubular damage. (biovendor.com)
  • This finding from proteomics complements the discovery reported last year by an international team including the KCL group that showed the clusterin gene increased risk of AD - a finding noted by Time magazine as one of the top ten medical discoveries of 2009. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, urinary Clusterin may also help to differentiate between tubular and glomerular forms of proteinuria. (biovendor.com)
  • Urinary epidermal growth factor concentration in patients affected by ADPKD. (unifg.it)
  • But that's not all - Hycult also has new antibodies to target complement C7 and clusterin, two molecules associated with the formation of the TCC/MAC-complex. (biolynx.ca)
  • AD patients have normal plasma lipids but significantly reduced unesterified cholesterol and unesterified/total cholesterol ratio. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Plasma HDL subclass distribution in AD patients was comparable to that of controls but the content of small discoidal preβ-HDL particles was significantly reduced. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With the exception of five analytes (C4, C9, sCR2, clusterin and CRP), storage time was significantly correlated with measured plasma concentrations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We further showed that the expression of TDP-43 in transgenic Drosophila neurons induced ER stress and that co-expression of clusterin resulted in a dramatic clearance of mislocalized TDP-43 from motor neuron axons, partially rescued locomotor activity and significantly extended lifespan. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Plasma p-tau181 is not significantly elevated during the first year after moderate-to-severe TBI and levels do not relate to neuroimaging measures of neurodegeneration. (bvsalud.org)
  • Meta-analysis of these studies confirmed that the AD patients had significantly higher plasma tau and ptau181 levels compared with controls, and that the plasma tau and ptau181 could predict AD with high-accuracy area under curve of the Receiver Operating Characteristic. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The impact of increasing intracellular Ca 2+ concentration on bacterial clearance in macrophages (n = 3) and on survival rate of Trpm2 −/− mice infected with E. coli (n = 21) was investigated. (asahq.org)
  • The international team of scientists also found that higher levels of clusterin were related to more severe and rapid memory loss and greater brain shrinkage. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Finally, in mouse models of AD, researchers discovered increased levels of clusterin in the blood as the mice aged. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Lowered Clusterin levels could be involved in the pathogeneses of SLE on account of decreased protective effects. (biovendor.com)
  • An inverse association between plasma HDL-cholesterol levels and the risk of dementia and AD has been reported, although with conflicting results [ 1 ], but an involvement of circulating HDLs in AD etiology and progression has never been proven. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the plasma tau or phosphorylated tau levels vary among studies, and there is no cut-off threshold between AD and normal elderly. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we set out to determine the normal range of plasma tau and phosphorylated tau 181 (ptau181) levels in healthy populations stratified by age and sex, and investigate the cut-off thresholds of plasma tau and ptau181 between AD patients and controls. (biomedcentral.com)
  • and (2) plasma tau and/or ptau181 levels were measured by Simoa, IMR, EIMAF/a-EIMAF, or MSD. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, a dimeric version of 123B9 induced receptor activation at nanomolar concentrations. (innopep.com)
  • Albumin has been used primarily as a plasma expander, since it leads to an increase in the circulating blood volume. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • PON1 is synthesized in the liver, and then secreted into plasma where it is mainly bound to high density lipoproteins (HDL). (biochemia-medica.com)
  • In multi-ions systems, selectivity of both chromium species was achieved at a concentration of co-ions up to 10 mg L-1. (statsignals.com)
  • Conclusions Clusterin/Akt signaling pathway is involved in GATA-4 mediated cytoprotection against hypoxia stress. (biosemiotics2013.org)
  • The recommended and safe dosing of Custirsen was determined in a Phase I same-dose escalation scheme involving forty patients with tumours known to upregulate clusterin with metastatic or locally recurrent disease (prostate, ovary, breast). (wikipedia.org)
  • Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity and cholesterol esterification rate (CER), two measures of the efficiency of the esterification process, were reduced by 29% and 16%, respectively, in the plasma of AD patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In agreement with the reduced preβ-HDL particles, cholesterol efflux capacity mediated by the transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 was reduced in AD patients' plasma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition to commonly used diagnostic markers for nephrotoxicity including plasma creatinine, NAG, KIM-1 and NGAL can be used in pigs. (frontiersin.org)
  • Glucose rapidly increased DAG content and PKC enzyme activity in microsomes, but not in plasma membranes or other membranes, during a 30-min treatment of rat adipocytes. (jci.org)
  • Furthermore ΔΨm was caspase and maintained 3/7 activity was reduced by 6H05 clusterin inside a concentration-dependent way. (biosemiotics2013.org)
  • The antioxidant potential of SPs showed increased antioxidant activity with an increase in concentration of NaNO 3 stress. (brjnmims.org)
  • It is an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting clusterin expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • We also showed that in Drosophila photoreceptor cells, clusterin co-expression gave ER stress-dependent protection against proteotoxicity arising from both Huntingtin-Q128 and mutant (R406W) human tau. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The results found that the recommended dose of Custirsen was 640 mg, with maximum decrease of clusterin blood plasma occurring at this dose. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we identified 66 eligible studies reporting quantification of plasma tau and phosphorylated tau 181 (ptau181) using four ultrasensitive methods. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the current study, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Cr) cells were attributed to sodium nitrate stress in concentrations such as 5 mM, 10 mM, 20 mM, 30 mM, and a control to determine the productivity and bioactivity of SPs. (brjnmims.org)
  • The percentage yield of SPs increased with an increase in concentration of sodium nitrate as compared to control. (brjnmims.org)
  • It is now widely accepted in the field that the normally secreted chaperone clusterin is redirected to the cytosol during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, although the physiological function(s) of this physical relocation remain unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The carbon agglomerates acted as sites of stress concentration within the polymeric matrix. (statsignals.com)
  • In first-order kinetics, elimination is proportional to concentration of drug present in the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lipoprotein profile, cholesterol esterification, and cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) were evaluated in plasma and CSF. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the AD group, a significant positive correlation was observed between plasma unesterified cholesterol and unesterified/total cholesterol ratio with Aβ 1-42 CSF content. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In wild type littermates fed the same diet, the total plasma cholesterol remained (jci.org)
  • The lipophilic peptide variants had slower absorption and plasma clearance than their respective hydrophilic conjugates, and the absolute bioavailability was also lower likely due to the longer residence times in the skin. (innopep.com)
  • We tested whether post-traumatic p-tau181 concentrations are elevated and relate to progressive brain atrophy. (bvsalud.org)
  • In contrast, substantial trauma-associated elevations in t-tau, NfL, GFAP and UCH-L1 were seen, with concentrations of NfL and t-tau predictive of brain atrophy rates. (bvsalud.org)
  • Riaz MA, Stammler A, Borgers M, Konrad L. Clusterin signals via ApoER2/VLDLR and induces meiosis of male germ cells. (biovendor.com)
  • We have shown that clusterin directly interacts with TDP-43 in vitro and potently inhibits its aggregation, and observed that in ER stressed neuronal cells, clusterin co-localized with TDP-43 and specifically reduced the numbers of cytoplasmic inclusions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The detection of tau in plasma has been limited due to its low abundance until recent technical development of ultrasensitive assays. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Helix stabilization using linkers of varying lipophilicity can further control sc absorption and clearance rates to customize plasma pharmacokinetics. (innopep.com)