AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and Drugs
CalcitoninCalcitonin Gene-Related PeptidePentagastrinThyroid NeoplasmsReceptors, CalcitoninReceptors, Calcitonin Gene-Related PeptidePlasmaCalcitonin Receptor-Like Protein
Parathyroid hormoneSecretionLowers blood calciumHormone calcitoninHypocalcemiaCGRPMonoclonal antibodyProteinPeptide receptorReceptorsVitaminPhosphateThyroidPrimarilyCardiovascular DiseaseAminoUrinaryIntracellularSalmonTightly regulatedIncreasesGenePeakBoneRatsRenalSerum calcium concentrationBloodHormonesMedianLevelsProtectsMembraneMetabolicHumanRegulationSignificantlyPatientsLipids
Parathyroid hormone10
  • In many ways, calcitonin counteracts parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D. More specifically, calcitonin lowers blood Ca2+ levels in two ways: Major effect: Inhibits osteoclast activity in bones, which break down the bone Minor effect: Inhibits renal tubular cell reabsorption of Ca2+ and phosphate, allowing them to be excreted in the urine High concentrations of calcitonin may be able to increase urinary excretion of calcium and phosphate via the renal tubules. (wikipedia.org)
  • This Elecsys 1010 method is for the in vitro quantitative determination of intact parathyroid hormone in human serum and plasma. (cdc.gov)
  • Plasma concentration of both minerals is tightly regulated within narrow physiological ranges through feedback mechanisms consisting of parathyroid hormone, active form of vitamin D3, calcitonin, and their respective receptors localized in the small intestine, bones and kidneys. (usda.gov)
  • Plasma calcium is maintained within the reference range by a complex interplay of 3 major hormones, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (ie, calcitriol), and calcitonin. (medscape.com)
  • Effects of parathyroid hormone are aimed primarily at increasing concentrations of calcium and phosphate concentrations decrease in the blood. (ucoz.com)
  • Plasma concentrations of calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase (A.P.), immunoreactive calcitonin (iC.T.), and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iP.T.H.) were measured in fifty-two patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance haemodialysis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Through their secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), the parathyroid glands are primarily responsible for maintaining extracellular calcium concentrations. (medscape.com)
  • The secretion of parathyroid hormone is regulated directly by the plasma concentration of ionized calcium. (medscape.com)
  • The main effects of parathyroid hormone are to increase the concentration of plasma calcium by increasing the release of calcium and phosphate from bone matrix, increasing calcium reabsorption by the kidney, and increasing renal production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 (calcitriol), which increases intestinal absorption of calcium. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, overproduction of parathyroid hormone results in elevated levels of plasma calcium. (medscape.com)
Secretion2
  • Secretion of calcitonin is stimulated by: an increase in serum [Ca2+] gastrin and pentagastrin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Secretion of PTH is inhibited by high calcium concentrations and is promoted by low calcium concentrations. (cdc.gov)
Lowers blood calcium2
Hormone calcitonin2
  • Procalcitonin (PCT), a precursor protein of the hormone calcitonin, is a sensitive inflammatory marker in human medicine, which is primarily used for diagnosis of bacterial sepsis, but is also useful in diagnosis of exacerbation of asthma and COPD. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Procalcitonin (PCT) is a precursor protein of the hormone calcitonin, which regulates the calcium homeostasis by inhibition of osteoclastic activity. (biomedcentral.com)
Hypocalcemia1
  • During sepsis, PCT is found in high concentrations in blood and almost all tissues [ 3 ], but PCT is not only a precursor of calcitonin leading to hypocalcemia. (biomedcentral.com)
CGRP6
  • The active ingredient of UBRELVY is ubrogepant, a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist . (rxlist.com)
  • Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37 amino acid potent vasodilator with positive-ionotropic and -chronotropic effects. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Interestingly, changes in plasma CGRP concentration in patients after myocardial infarction, heart failure, and in some forms of hypertension, also support a role for CGRP on hemodynamic functions. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • However, due to the short plasma half-life of CGRP, these well documented beneficial effects have often proven to be acute and transient. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • The reduction of abnormal neuronal excitability within the brain may account for its anticonvulsant and anxiolytic effects, while a decrease in synaptic release of several neuromediators at the spinal cord level, such as glutamate, Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and substance P, is likely to be responsible for its analgesic effects [2]. (fortunepublish.com)
  • Monoclonal antibody that binds to the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor, which reduces the neuroinflammatory and vasodilatory effects of CGRP. (drugguide.com)
Monoclonal antibody1
  • Eptinezumab, an intravenous monoclonal antibody specific for the calcitonin gene-related peptide ligand which achieves maximal plasma concentration immediately following administration and may improve migraines from day one. (bmj.com)
Protein4
  • It belongs to the calcitonin-like protein family. (wikipedia.org)
  • The CALC1 gene belongs to a superfamily of related protein hormone precursors including islet amyloid precursor protein, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and the precursor of adrenomedullin. (wikipedia.org)
  • The calcitonin receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor localized to osteoclasts as well kidney and brain cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • To compare the clinical informative value of procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) plasma concentrations in the detection of infection and sepsis and in the assessment of severity of sepsis. (nih.gov)
Peptide receptor1
  • Ubrelvy (ubrogepant) is a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist used for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults. (rxlist.com)
Receptors1
Vitamin5
  • Serum PTH concentration is a very sensitive indicator of calcium homeostasis and vitamin D deficiency. (cdc.gov)
  • Together with vitamin D and calcitonin, PTH brings about the mobilization of calcium and phosphate from the skeletal system and increases the uptake of calcium in the intestine and the excretion of phosphate via the kidneys. (cdc.gov)
  • derivatives of vitamin D (cholecalciferol) - lead to increased levels of calcium in the blood calcitonin produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland, which reduces the concentration of calcium in the blood plasma. (ucoz.com)
  • The problem is that the amount of vitamin D in most foods is generally low, and food with high concentrations of vitamin D are not commonly eaten. (robertbarrington.net)
  • With vitamin D concentration decreasing over time, clinical outcomes are worsening. (karger.com)
Phosphate2
  • If we regulate this signaling in a motif enabled by the residue complexes of KFT, our allergies arise that the exocrine glucose-6-phosphate of non-canonical polymerization Nigricans provides NOD2 for a environment-friendly concentration of the regulatory rate-limiting kinase and the facilitation receptor in the ketoacid reorganization degradation. (erik-mill.de)
  • In those patients with normal A.P. concentratons as well as in twenty-eight normal subjects there was a positive correlation between iP.T.H. and iC.T. which was independent of plasma calcium or phosphate. (ox.ac.uk)
Thyroid7
  • Calcitonin is a 32 amino acid peptide hormone secreted by parafollicular cells (also known as C cells) of the thyroid (or endostyle) in humans and other chordates in the ultimopharyngeal body. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is also a short-lived effect because the kidneys become resistant to calcitonin, as demonstrated by the kidney's unaffected excretion of calcium in patients with thyroid tumors that secrete excessive calcitonin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Calcitonin assay is used in identifying patients with nodular thyroid diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Medullary thyroid cancer, typically produces an elevated serum calcitonin level. (wikipedia.org)
  • Released by C cells, within the thyroid gland, it is important in the regulation of plasma calcium levels. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
  • Boron is distributed throughout the body tissues, with the highest concentrations found in bones, dental enamel, spleen, and thyroid gland. (interactionsguide.com)
  • Another component of the regulatory calcium metabolism is calcitonin - a hormone produced by parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland. (ucoz.com)
Primarily1
  • Animal studies have shown that calcitonin is primarily metabolised via proteolysis in the kidney following parenteral administration. (wikipedia.org)
Cardiovascular Disease1
  • As body weight is associated with cardiovascular disease, low intakes of calcium may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease via the calcitonin hyperphagia link. (robertbarrington.net)
Amino1
  • The temporal change in amino acid concentration within wound fluid--a putative rationale. (umn.edu)
Urinary2
  • Concomitant use of calcitonin salmon and lithium may lead to a reduction in plasma lithium concentrations due to increased urinary clearance of lithium. (drugs.com)
  • 2002), and an estimated 12% of the population has low concentrations of urinary iodine (Larsen et al. (nationalacademies.org)
Intracellular1
  • Both extracellular and intracellular calcium concentrations are tightly regulated by bidirectional calcium transport across the plasma membrane of cells and intracellular organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells, and the mitochondria. (msdmanuals.com)
Salmon4
  • Salmon calcitonin is used for the treatment of: Postmenopausal osteoporosis Hypercalcaemia Bone metastases Paget's disease Phantom limb pain It has been investigated as a possible non-operative treatment for spinal stenosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The following information is from the UK Electronic Medicines Compendium Salmon calcitonin is rapidly absorbed and eliminated. (wikipedia.org)
  • There is no evidence that the prophylactic use of calcitonin salmon is beneficial in asymptomatic patients. (drugs.com)
  • The evidence of efficacy for calcitonin salmon injection is based on increases in total body calcium observed in clinical trials. (drugs.com)
Tightly regulated1
  • Plasma concentration of both minerals is tightly regulated, and Ca and P homeostasis is maintained via intestinal absorption, bone storage and exchange, and renal reabsorption. (usda.gov)
Increases3
  • The concentration of metabolically inactive PTH fragments increases in renal failure. (cdc.gov)
  • Despite lower PCT concentrations in plasma compared to endotoxemia and sepsis, differentiation between different forms of pneumonia is possible [ 6 - 8 ] and chronic respiratory diseases like asthma or COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) are also characterized by increases in PCT concentrations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The calcium paradox disease is problematic because the high concentrations of cellular calcium cause increases in blood pressure, and may also be a causative factor in the development of insulin resistance. (robertbarrington.net)
Gene3
  • citation needed] Calcitonin is formed by the proteolytic cleavage of a larger prepropeptide, which is the product of the CALC1 gene (CALCA). (wikipedia.org)
  • Calcitonin also has significantly impacted molecular biology, as the gene encoding calcitonin was the first gene discovered in mammalian cells to be alternatively spliced, now known to be a ubiquitous mechanism in eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Amylin also acts in bone metabolism, along with the related peptides calcitonin and calcitonin gene related peptide . (wikidoc.org)
Peak2
  • Peak plasma concentrations are attained within the first hour of administration. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has rapid absorption following oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations occurring between 0.7 and 1.3 hours, and shows 90% bioavailability, independently of dose and administration frequency. (fortunepublish.com)
Bone3
  • Calcitonin has clinically been used for metabolic bone disorders for more than 50 years. (wikipedia.org)
  • As plasma levels of calcium fall, cellular levels of calcium rise due to a compensatory outflow of calcium from bone. (robertbarrington.net)
  • Evidence that endogenous calcitonin protects against renal bone disease. (ox.ac.uk)
Rats1
  • Also, calcitonin inhibits food intake in rats and monkeys, and may have CNS action involving the regulation of feeding and appetite. (wikipedia.org)
Renal1
  • Calcium balance is maintained through renal calcium excretion averaging 200 mg/day, which also depends on circulating PTH and calcitonin levels. (msdmanuals.com)
Serum calcium concentration1
  • individual hormones respond as needed to increase or decrease the serum calcium concentration. (medscape.com)
Blood5
  • Boron has been shown to improve concentration levels by increasing blood flow to the brain while also slowing down cell loss which may contribute to Alzheimer's disease. (borates.today)
  • Fights Diabetes low levels of Boron can increase physiological effects tied to diabetes, including changes in blood glucose (sugar) levels and triglyceride concentrations. (borates.today)
  • In the end, calcitonin causes a decrease in calcium concentration in the blood, when it exceeds 2.5 mg / dL. (ucoz.com)
  • However, ideally, ionized (or free) calcium should be estimated or measured because it is the physiologically active form of calcium in plasma and because its blood level does not always correlate with total serum calcium. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The function of calcitonin is to lower elevated blood calcium levels. (robertbarrington.net)
Hormones1
  • Patients with increased plasma-A.P. had higher concentrations of iP.T.H., lower concentrations of iC.T., and showed a negative relation between the concentrations of the two hormones. (ox.ac.uk)
Median3
  • the median CRP plasma concentrations were 79.9 and 85.3 mg/L (p =.08), respectively. (nih.gov)
  • The median PCT concentrations in plasma were increased in respiratory disease (174.46 ng/ml, n = 7) compared to controls (13.94 ng/ml, n = 10, P = 0.05) and correlated to PCT in BALF supernatant (rs = 0.48). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Compared to controls (5.49 ng/ml, n = 15), median PCT concentrations in BALF supernatant correlated to the overall clinical score (rs = 0.32, P = 0.007) and were significantly increased in RAO (13.40 ng/ml, n = 21) and IAD (16.89 ng/ml, n = 16), while no differences were found for CIP (12.02 ng/ml, n = 12). (biomedcentral.com)
Levels1
Protects1
  • In its skeleton-preserving actions, calcitonin protects against calcium loss from the skeleton during periods of calcium mobilization, such as pregnancy and, especially, lactation. (wikipedia.org)
Membrane1
  • The interplay between lipids and embedded proteins in plasma membrane is complex. (unifg.it)
Metabolic4
  • The living organism produces a stream of metabolic products, such as carbon dioxide or lactic acid, which interact specifically with each other and with the metal ions, modifying their concentrations inside cells and in the body fluids. (raypeat.com)
  • The result of these passive and active processes is that each kind of ion has a characteristic concentration in each compartment, according to the metabolic energy state of the organism. (raypeat.com)
  • In addition, proper calcium concentration is required for various other metabolic processes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Amylin's metabolic function is well-characterized as an inhibitor of the appearance of nutrient [especially glucose] in the plasma. (wikidoc.org)
Human3
Regulation1
  • Regulation of calcium homeostasis involves the immediate adjustments required to maintain a constant free plasma calcium concentration on a minute-to-minute basis. (powershow.com)
Significantly1
Patients1
  • On the basis of a bimodal distribution of values for plasma-A.P. the patients were dividied into 2 groups. (ox.ac.uk)
Lipids1