• If immunoglobulin (Ig) M test results are positive, equivocal, or inconclusive, performing a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is needed to confirm the diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
  • However, recent evidence suggests that a 4-fold higher titer by PRNT might not discriminate between anti-Zika virus antibodies and cross-reacting antibodies in all persons who have been previously infected with or vaccinated against a related flavivirus. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, a more conservative approach to interpreting PRNT results is now recommended to reduce the possibility of missing the diagnosis of either Zika or dengue virus infection. (cdc.gov)
  • The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is specific and sensitive. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The PRNT requires live dengue viruses for the test and is labor-intensive and expensive. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Immunogenicity was assessed using the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) assay using vaccine-matched wild virus serotypes (DENV 1, DENV 2, DENV 3 and DENV 4) at baseline and on 56-, 84- and 180-days post-vaccination. (bvsalud.org)
  • PRNT assay using circulating wild type DENV 1, DENV 2, DENV 3 and DENV 4 were done on day 1 and day 85 for a subset of 31 participants. (bvsalud.org)
  • The updated guidance also specifies that plaque reduction neutralization testing (PRNT) confirmation is currently not routinely recommended in Puerto Rico, where dengue is endemic. (cdc.gov)
  • Test [PRNT] and Non-structural protein 1 [NS1] ELISA) and assess the time-frame postinfection that portable NAAT provide accurate diagnosis. (ukri.org)
  • a) ZIKV PRNT (most specific serological test for ZIKV). (ukri.org)
  • This includes reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for viral RNA, and immunoglobulin (Ig) M ELISA and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) for Zika virus antibodies. (blogspot.com)
  • this population is not likely to qualify for access to confirmatory plaque reduction neutralization testing (PRNT) and therefore the virus could go undetected. (healthresearch.org)
  • Confirmatory PRNT is expensive, time-consuming (one-week turn-around), has low sample throughput, and uses live virus in the lab, which creates a biosafety risk. (healthresearch.org)
  • Another drawback of PRNT is that it has difficulties distinguishing the infecting virus (primary) in people with, or vaccinated against, a secondary infection. (healthresearch.org)
  • Depending on the virus, the plaque forming units are measured by microscopic observation, fluorescent antibodies or specific dyes that react with infected cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Currently it is considered to be the "gold standard" for detecting and measuring antibodies that can neutralise the viruses that cause many diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • An issue with this assay that has recently been identified is that the neutralization ability of the antibodies is dependent on the virion maturation state and the cell-type used in the assay. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, if the wrong cell line is used for the assay it may seem that the antibodies have neutralization ability when they actually do not, or vice versa they may seem ineffective when they actually possess neutralization ability. (wikipedia.org)
  • Title : Guidelines for plaque-reduction neutralization testing of human antibodies to dengue viruses Corporate Authors(s) : National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-Borne and Enteric Diseases (U.S.) Published Date : June 2008 Source : Viral immunology. (cdc.gov)
  • Nineteen national-level public health laboratories performed routine dengue diagnostic assays on a proficiency testing panel consisting of two modules: one containing commercial serum samples spiked with cultured dengue viruses for the detection of nucleic acid and non-structural protein 1 (NS1) (Module A) and one containing human serum samples for the detection of anti-dengue virus antibodies (Module B). A review of logistics arrangements was also conducted. (who.int)
  • Curiously, length of residence in Santa Clara was negatively associated with DEN virus antibodies. (edu.pe)
  • On day 57, the GMTs of neutralizing antibodies ranged from 66.76 (95 % CI 36.63, 121.69) to 293.84 (95 % CI 192.25, 449.11) for all four serotypes in the dengue vaccine group. (bvsalud.org)
  • Laboratory testing with a rapid conducted at that time showed that 6.1% of the residents assay suggested that a dengue virus (DENV) was the caus- in nearby regions of Uganda had specifi c antibodies to ative agent. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • Serological detection of total antibodies (IgM and IgG) directed towards Japanese Encephalitis (JE) virus by Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) assay. (canada.ca)
  • The HI assay is used to measure the level of antibodies in a patient's serum that will prevent the agglutination of susceptible erythrocytes by inactivated antigens that are able to attach to the erythrocyte receptors on red blood cells. (canada.ca)
  • The spike (S) protein found on the surface of the causative agent, the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been the prime target for current vaccine research since antibodies directed against the S protein were found to neutralize the virus. (mdpi.com)
  • Developed by scientists at the New York State Department of Health Wadsworth Center and the University of Texas Medical Branch, the assay outperforms single antigen/antibody ZIKV IgM-Capture ELISA testing in overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value by detecting IgG-IgA-IgM antibodies to Zika Virus (ZIKV) and Dengue virus (DENV) serotypes 1-4. (healthresearch.org)
  • Our serologic assay overcomes these barriers by using an antibody-antigen sandwich formed on six Luminex beads with ZIKV envelope, ZIKV NS1, DENV1 NS1, DENV2 NS1, DENV3 NS1 and DENV4 NS1 conjugated to polyvalent IgG+IgA+IgM detector antibodies. (healthresearch.org)
  • An extra step in our assay measures IgG antibodies by avidity testing, which determines the time-frame of infection, whether primary or secondary, and is quick and simple. (healthresearch.org)
  • Monoclonal antibodies specific for dengue virus type 3. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • A licensed indirect fluorescent antibody test is available for IgG and IgM antibodies to La Crosse virus and may be useful in diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • Has a positive test result at the Screening Visit for hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C virus antibody, or HIV type 1 or 2 antibodies. (who.int)
  • Background: Maternal immunisation to boost respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antibodies in pregnant women, is a strategy being considered to enhance infant protection from severe RSV associated disease. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Methods: Using a plaque reduction neutralization assay, we screened 400 pairs of cord and maternal serum specimens from pregnant women for RSV-specific antibodies. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Diagnostic testing for Zika virus infection can be accomplished using both molecular and serologic methods. (cdc.gov)
  • For persons with suspected Zika virus disease, a positive real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) result confirms Zika virus infection, but a negative result does not exclude infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Pregnant women with laboratory evidence of a recent Zika virus infection or flavivirus infection should be evaluated and managed for possible adverse pregnancy outcomes and reported to the appropriate Zika virus pregnancy registry. (cdc.gov)
  • Among flaviviruses, Zika and dengue virus share similar symptoms of infection, transmission cycles, and geographic distribution. (cdc.gov)
  • Pregnant women with laboratory evidence of Zika virus infection should be evaluated and managed for possible adverse pregnancy outcomes and be reported to the U.S. Zika Pregnancy Registry or the Puerto Rico Zika Active Pregnancy Surveillance System for clinical follow-up ( 9 , 10 ). (cdc.gov)
  • If serologic testing indicates recent flavivirus infection that could be caused by either Zika or dengue virus, patients should be clinically managed for both infections because they might have been infected with either virus. (cdc.gov)
  • Women aged 40-79 years with suspected cases were more likely to test positive for Zika virus infection than those in males in the same age group. (cdc.gov)
  • Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a variant presentation of dengue infection that occurs primarily in children 10 years living in areas where dengue is endemic. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Dengue hemorrhagic fever, which has also been called Philippine, Thai, or Southeast Asian hemorrhagic fever, frequently requires prior infection with the dengue virus. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Titers in acute and convalescent phase serum samples can reliably establish dengue virus infection and may indicate the specific dengue virus type involved. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Understanding the host response to influenza A virus (IAV) infection is vital for developing intervention strategies. (cdc.gov)
  • Detection of ongoing/recent dengue virus infection by both molecular (RT-PCR) and serological methods (IgM) was available in 15/19 participating laboratories. (who.int)
  • Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality caused by any of four closely related virus serotypes (DENV-1,-2,-3 and -4), all of which circulate in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region. (who.int)
  • To determine risk factors associated with dengue (DEN) virus infection among residents of Santa Clara, Peru, a rural Amazonian village near Iquitos, a cross-sectional serological, epidemiological and environmental survey was conducted. (edu.pe)
  • On November 28, the Texas Department of State Health Services reported the state's first case of local mosquito-borne Zika virus infection in Brownsville. (cdc.gov)
  • Many medically important and emergent arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) originated in non-human primates (NHPs), which typically show no clinical signs of infection but become viraemic and help maintain the virus in nature [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The nonstructural protein 5 protein-based assay can reliably discriminate between WNV and dengue or St. Louis encephalitis virus, as well as between natural WNV infection and flavivirus vaccination. (utmb.edu)
  • Zika: Improved diagnostics for Zika virus infection in South America through an established laboratory partnership between Brazil, Colombia and the UK. (ukri.org)
  • Z ported human infections indicated that clinical characteris- ika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted virus in the tics of infection with ZIKV included fever, headache, mal- family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus . (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • Suspected infection with Japanese Encephalitis virus and has travel to endemic area. (canada.ca)
  • A fourfold or greater increase or decrease in titre between the acute phase and convalescent phase serum is considered to be diagnostic of infection with Japanese Encephalitis virus. (canada.ca)
  • Pediatric health care providers should work closely with obstetric providers to identify infants whose mothers were potentially infected with Zika virus during pregnancy (based on travel to or residence in an area with Zika virus transmission [ http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices ]), and review fetal ultrasounds and maternal testing for Zika virus infection (see Interim Guidelines for Pregnant Women During a Zika Virus Outbreak*) ( 1 ). (blogspot.com)
  • or 2) infants born to mothers with positive or inconclusive test results for Zika virus infection. (blogspot.com)
  • For infants with laboratory evidence of a possible congenital Zika virus infection, additional clinical evaluation and follow-up is recommended. (blogspot.com)
  • Zika virus infections have also been documented through both intrauterine transmission resulting in congenital infection and intrapartum transmission from a viremic mother to her newborn ( 5 , 6 ). (blogspot.com)
  • The Brazil Ministry of Health has reported a marked increase from previous years in the number of infants born with microcephaly and intracranial calcifications in 2015, although it is not known how many of these cases are associated with Zika virus infection ( 6 , 8 - 11 ). (blogspot.com)
  • The diagnosis of Zika virus infection is made through molecular and serologic testing ( 2 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Dengue is a potentially fatal acute febrile illness caused by infection with any of four dengue viruses (DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4). (cdc.gov)
  • DENV infection results in long-lasting immunity to symptomatic infection (dengue) with that DENV-type. (cdc.gov)
  • Since ZIKV, DENV and other flaviviruses including chikungunya, an arbovirus, co-circulate in the same regions, a positive result for one of these viruses does not preclude infection with the others. (healthresearch.org)
  • During virus infection, the specific immune signals produced from infected cells are important for dictating the recruitment and activation of innate or adaptive immune cells that are required to fight virus infection. (nature.com)
  • For SARS-CoV-2, lung epithelial cells are the primary site of infection and therefore are responsible for initiating immune responses to virus infection. (nature.com)
  • In addition to direct viral sensing, cells have also evolved ways to detect the indirect effects of virus infection, such as nuclear or mitochondrial damage caused by the heavy cellular burden imposed by virus replication. (nature.com)
  • Moreover, cGAS is an important molecule for regulating basal expression levels of cell-intrinsic immune genes in cells and is, therefore, a central protein in immune responses to virus infection 10 . (nature.com)
  • West Nile virus (WNV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne viral infection. (kjccm.org)
  • Additionally, NA inhibitors and M2 ion-channel inhibitors have limited efficacies as drug resistance occurrence [ 7 , 8 ], and they only worked at the early phase of virus infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present invention is relative to chimerical peptides, whose primary structure holds at least one segment which inhibits the activation of the NS3 protease of a virus from the Flaviviridae family, they also contain a cell penetrating segment and they are capable of inhibiting or attenuate the viral infection. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • This invention is also relative to pharmaceutical compounds which contain these chimerical peptides for the prevention and/or treatment of the infection caused by a virus of the Flaviviridae family. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • 1. Chimerical peptides, characterized by having a primary structure comprising at least one segment inhibitor of the activation of the NS3pro protease from a virus of the Flaviviridae family and a cell penetrating segment and these peptides are able to inhibit or attenuate the infection by the virus. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • there is an incomplete understanding of the cellular factors that contribute to the herpes virus infection. (cmvpromotor.com)
  • based genetic screen to identify factors of new host cells is required for β-herpes virus infection of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). (cmvpromotor.com)
  • We found that the removal of damage early Nrp-1 virus gene expression and reduce the rate of infection in endothelial cells, fibroblasts and macrophages. (cmvpromotor.com)
  • Furthermore, preincubation with soluble Nrp virus-1 infection by reducing dramatically inhibit virus attachment. (cmvpromotor.com)
  • Because the incubation period for Zika virus infection is up to two weeks and many people infected with Zika virus will not have symptoms or will only have mild symptoms, investigating cases may take several weeks. (blogspot.com)
  • Given that these enhanced responses are triggered by failed attempts to control the infecting virus, VAED typically presents with symptoms related to the target organ of the infection pathogen. (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
  • Some arboviruses, like dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV), have become fully adapted to urban cycles and no longer require NHPs, forest mosquitoes and a sylvatic cycle for their maintenance [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dengue is a major public health problem worldwide, where an estimated 400 million DENV infections and 100 million clinically apparent dengue cases occurred in 2010. (cdc.gov)
  • Although ~75% of individuals infected with a DENV will be asymptomatic, ~5% of individuals that develop dengue will progress to severe dengue, an illness characterized by plasma leakage leading to hypovolemic shock, hemorrhage, and potentially death. (cdc.gov)
  • Detection of IgM anti-DENV by validated immunoassay in a serum specimen or CSF in a person living in a dengue endemic or non-endemic area of the United States without evidence of other flavivirus transmission (e.g. (cdc.gov)
  • Detection of IgM anti-DENV in a serum specimen or CSF by validated immunoassay in a traveler returning from a dengue endemic area without ongoing transmission of another flavivirus (e.g. (cdc.gov)
  • IgG anti-DENV seroconversion or ≥4-fold rise in titer by a validated immunoassay in serum specimens collected >2 weeks apart, and confirmed by a neutralization test (e.g., plaque reduction neutralization test) with a >4-fold higher end point titer as compared to other flaviviruses tested. (cdc.gov)
  • Detection of IgM anti-DENV in a serum specimen or CSF by validated immunoassay in a traveler returning from a dengue endemic area with ongoing transmission of another flavivirus (e.g. (cdc.gov)
  • Dengue virus (DENV) is the cause of dengue fever. (creative-biolabs.com)
  • In this article, the current serologic assays for WNV diagnosis are reviewed, including immunoglobulin M antibody-capture ELISA, immunoglobulin G ELISA, indirect fluorescent antibody tests, hemagglutination inhibition tests and plaque reduction neutralization tests. (utmb.edu)
  • Currently available diagnostics: nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) and antibody ELISA, have critical problems [1]. (ukri.org)
  • Also, reliance on the broadly cross-reactive pre-membrane/envelope protein (prM/E) in the Zika IgM ELISA assay causes frequent false-positives. (healthresearch.org)
  • For flavivirus-seropositive group, has positive flavivirus test results (including dengue, West Nile, and Zika) as determined by ELISA or other commercially available serological assay. (who.int)
  • At baseline, all participants were naïve by dengue PRNT50 for all four serotypes in both the study groups except for four in the dengue vaccine group and two in the placebo group. (bvsalud.org)
  • For dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever viruses, sylvatic (forest) transmission cycles also exist in some regions and involve non-human primates and forest-dwelling mosquitoes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we review the investigation methods and available data on sylvatic cycles involving non-human primates and dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever viruses in Africa, dengue viruses in Asia and yellow fever virus in the Americas. (biomedcentral.com)
  • mosquitoes are found throughout much of the Region of the Americas, including parts of the United States, and also transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses ( 4 ). (blogspot.com)
  • For symptomatic patients, it is important for providers to place separate testing orders for other arbovirus testing (dengue and chikungunya). (phila.gov)
  • If IgM testing for dengue and chikungunya is indicated, commercial laboratory testing should be pursued. (phila.gov)
  • While the PADOH laboratory can conduct PCR testing for dengue and chikungunya, they do not offer dengue and chikungunya IgM testing. (phila.gov)
  • Results from commonly used serologic assays are often confounded due to the cross reactivity among flaviviruses. (healthresearch.org)
  • In these cases, antibody testing can identify additional recent Zika virus infections. (cdc.gov)
  • In these cases, immunoglobulin (Ig) M and neutralizing antibody testing can identify additional recent Zika virus infections ( 6 , 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Most Zika virus infections are asymptomatic ( 12 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The majority (~75%) of infections in humans are asymptomatic, but a small proportion of symptomatic patients develops severe dengue characterized by rapid progression into shock, severe bleeding and/or multiorgan impairment, which leads to death if unattended or mismanaged. (who.int)
  • These results strongly suggested that recent DEN virus transmission did not occur in the village and that most infections of residents of this rural village were acquired while visiting the city of Iquitos. (edu.pe)
  • 2004 . Clinical diagnosis and assessment of severity of confirmed dengue infections in Vietnamese children: is the world health organization classification system helpful? (ajtmh.org)
  • The assay provides the broadest spectrum of information to be captured in light of the clinical picture, any travel history and timing of specimen collection for addressing suspected flavivirus infections. (healthresearch.org)
  • Widespread utilization of directly antiviral drugs accelerates resistance problem, hence host cellular factors become attractive therapeutic targets to treat influenza virus infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This was determined by indirect immunofluorescent (IF) staining of cultures using monoclonal antibody against a dengue-3 type-specific antigen. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Dengue-1 PI cultures stained with this antibody 3 days after superinfection with dengue-3 virus (m.o.i. of 2) had dengue-3 antigen in 0.1 to 1.0% of the cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Control cultures infected with dengue-3 at the same multiplicity contained dengue-3 antigen in greater than 90% of the cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • A small population of cells was also found (about 1%) that contained type-specific antigen of both dengue virus types. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • This biopsy material tested positively for La Crosse virus antigen on direct immunofluorescence assay. (medscape.com)
  • It has a higher sensitivity than other tests like hemagglutination and many commercial Enzyme immunoassay without compromising specificity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Clarke, D.H. and Casals, J. Techniques for hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibitiion with arthropod-borne viruses. (canada.ca)
  • Techniques for hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition with arthropod borne viruses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Significant antibody titers include levels of more than 320 by hemagglutination inhibition, more than 128 by complement fixation, more than 256 by immunofluorescence, or more than 160 by plaque reduction neutralization test. (medscape.com)
  • Mechanistically, neuraminidase inhibition assay and hemagglutination inhibition assay suggested that N30 did not directly target the two envelope glycoproteins required for viral adsorption or release. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The introduction of the naturally occurring wMel Wolbachia strain into Aedes aegypti mosquitoes has been shown to reduce the ability of the mosquitoes to transmit dengue and other viruses. (mvcac.org)
  • Accurate diagnostics for Zika virus (ZIKV) underpins all public health responses and epidemiology studies of the outbreak. (ukri.org)
  • Tests and training will strengthen diagnostic services, and improve management of suspected ZIKV patients. (ukri.org)
  • Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne fl avivirus fi rst studies in the absence of epidemics ( 6 - 8 ). (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • tory testing to the Arbovirus Diagnostic Laboratory at the Over the next 20 years, several ZIKV isolates were Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, Fort obtained from Aedes spp. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • 181B potentially associated with Zika virus (ZIKV) has highlighted the urgent need to identify individuals infected with ZIKV. (who.int)
  • Since the initial outbreak of the disease, it has been recognized that the sensitivities and specificities for current ZIKV testing algorithms have shortcomings. (healthresearch.org)
  • This is an important distinction since currently serological assays only use ZIKV envelope or ZIKV NS1 antigens, as well as only one antibody, usually IgM, for their diagnostic assays. (healthresearch.org)
  • The Zika virus (ZIKV) is one of the most infamous mosquito-borne flavivirus on recent memory due to its potential association with high mortality rates in fetuses, microcephaly and neurological impairments in neonates, and autoimmune disorders. (asme.org)
  • However, results of Zika virus antibody testing can be difficult to interpret because of cross-reactivity with related flaviviruses, which can preclude identification of the specific infecting virus, especially when the person previously was infected with or vaccinated against a related flavivirus. (cdc.gov)
  • However, they exhibit reduced specificity through cross-reactivity against other flaviviruses, e.g. dengue, circulating in South America. (ukri.org)
  • The serum sample or solution of antibody to be tested is diluted and mixed with a viral suspension. (wikipedia.org)
  • The concentration of serum to reduce the number of plaques by 50% compared to the serum free virus gives the measure of how much antibody is present or how effective it is. (wikipedia.org)
  • Yellow Fever, Dengue, Powassan, etc.) detection of total anti-JE virus specific antibody in a single serum sample is indicative of past or present exposure to this agent, or a related agent from the same virus genus. (canada.ca)
  • Has clinical laboratory test results (hematology, serum chemistry, or coagulation) with a toxicity score of Grade = 1 at Screening. (who.int)
  • Based on these findings, we further confirmed that N30 provided a strong inhibition on the replication of respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, enterovirus 71 and a diverse strains of coxsackie B virus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Growing evidences support that inhibition of IMPDH decreases intracellular levels of guanosine nucleotides in DNA or RNA synthesis, thereby indirectly inhibits virus replication which requires host guanine nucleotides as raw materials [ 10 , 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • d WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus Reference and Research (Dengue/Severe Dengue), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. (who.int)
  • Isolation of an arbovirus, detection of specific antibody by plaque reduction neutralization assay or detection of nucleic acid by real-time RT-PCR in a clinical specimen would constitute firm evidence of viral association with illness and provide 'confirmed case' status. (canada.ca)
  • 293FT cells expressed with gB, GM / gn, gH / gL / GO, or PC, is prepared and used for the measurement of antibody titers against each gc in an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA). (cmvpromotor.com)
  • Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus closely related to dengue, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, and yellow fever viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Zika virus is a single-stranded RNA virus in the genus Flavivirus and is closely related to dengue, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, and yellow fever viruses ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Included within the series are papers on orbiviruses transmitted by Culicoides, lesser known viruses transmitted by mosquitoes including Cache Valley, Everglades, Jamestown Canyon, and LaCrosse, and recently discovered viruses transmitted by ticks including Bourbon, Heartland, Colorado tick fever, and Powassan. (mvcac.org)
  • BACKGROUND: Dengue fever is an important public health problem, especially in Asia and South America. (bvsalud.org)
  • The most common symptoms of Zika virus disease are fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis. (cdc.gov)
  • We assessed predominantly pediatric patients in Vietnam with dengue and other febrile illness 3 months after acute illness. (researchgate.net)
  • A serological assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans. (kmptm.pl)
  • The epidemic of West Nile virus (WNV) in the USA in 2002 represents the largest outbreak of meningoencephalitis in the Western Hemisphere ever reported. (utmb.edu)
  • Globally, West Nile virus (WNV) is one of the most widely distributed arboviruses of public health significance in both humans and animals [ 1 ]. (kjccm.org)
  • The West Nile virus (WNC) first appeared in North America in 1999. (mdpi.com)
  • The 2012 WNV season in the United States saw a massive spike in the number of neuroinvasive cases and deaths similar to what was seen in the 2002-2003 season, according to the West Nile virus disease cases and deaths reported to the CDC by year and clinical presentation, 1999-2012, by ArboNET (Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). (mdpi.com)
  • All 16 laboratories testing Module A performed reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for both RNA and serotype detection. (who.int)
  • Of these, 15 had correct results for RNA detection and all 16 correctly serotyped the viruses. (who.int)
  • A tetravalent live attenuated dengue vaccine was manufactured in India after receipt of vaccine strains from NIAID, NIH, USA. (bvsalud.org)
  • Participants were randomized 2:1 to receive a single subcutaneous injection of either a tetravalent live attenuated dengue vaccine or placebo. (bvsalud.org)
  • RESULTS: 60 participants were randomized to receive dengue vaccine (n = 40) or placebo (n = 20). (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSION: A single dose of dengue vaccine was safe and well tolerated in adults. (bvsalud.org)
  • One of the most effective prevention measures against YF is vaccination with the live, attenuated YF 17D substrain virus vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • YF vaccine is recommended for persons aged ≥9 months who are traveling to or living in areas with risk for YF virus transmission [CDC 2010]. (cdc.gov)
  • Has received or is scheduled to receive a live virus vaccine administered within the period from 28 days before, or through 28 days after, any dose of study vaccine. (who.int)
  • Mertens PPC, Maan NS, Prasad G, Samuel AR, Shaw AE, Potgieter AC, Anthony SJ, Maan S (2007): Design of primers and use of RT-PCR assays for typing European bluetongue virus isolates: differentiation of field and vaccine strains. (ankara.edu.tr)
  • Classic examples of VAED are atypical measles and enhanced respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) occurring after administration of inactivated vaccine for these pathogens. (cov19longhaulfoundation.org)
  • This is important because the results of Zika and dengue virus testing will guide clinical management. (cdc.gov)
  • Healthcare providers can answer questions about pregnant patients and, based on the responses, receive information regarding the type of testing indicated as well as clinical management recommendations. (cdc.gov)
  • Patients with World Health Organization-defined clinical criteria plus thrombocytopenia ( ≤ 100,000/mcL [≤ 100 x 10 9 /L]) or hemoconcentration (Hct increased by ≥ 20%) are presumed to have the disease (see the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Dengue Virus: Clinical Guidance ). (msdmanuals.com)
  • 1,2 Dengue presentation is broad and non-specific, which may confound clinical diagnosis. (who.int)
  • Patient name and / or identifier (specimen reference number), date of birth, test(s) requested, collection date of specimen, date of on-set of symptoms, and clinical and travel history of patient. (canada.ca)
  • The case-fatality rate for individuals with severe dengue can be as high as 10% if untreated, or 0.1% with appropriate clinical management. (cdc.gov)
  • A New York State Clinical Laboratory Evaluation Program (CLEP) approved assay demonstrates the ability to address an unmet need. (healthresearch.org)
  • YF virus causes an estimated 200,000 cases of clinical disease and 30,000 deaths annually [WHO 1992]. (cdc.gov)
  • The diagnosis of California encephalitis is based on immunology, because the virus is not present in blood or secretions during clinical CNS disease. (medscape.com)
  • Merlin HCMV HCMV clinical isolates strain and 1612 strain used in the NT test with plaque reduction test, in which both the MRC-5 fibroblasts cells and RPE-1 epithelial cells are used. (cmvpromotor.com)
  • Experimentally confirmed target genes were identified for the 73 diagnostic miRNAs, from which proliferation genes were selected from CRISPR-Cas9/RNA interference (RNAi) screening assays. (cdc.gov)
  • The objective of this programme was to assess dengue diagnostic proficiency among national-level public health laboratories in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region. (who.int)
  • Further comprehensive diagnostic testing for dengue virus and other priority pathogens in the Region will be assessed during future rounds. (who.int)
  • Tests, protocols and training will be available to local laboratory networks for patient use and to support further diagnostic studies. (ukri.org)
  • In: OIE Standards Commission (Ed.), Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines. (ankara.edu.tr)
  • In the Western Pacific Region, dengue outbreaks occur yearly in multiple countries, driven by a complex interplay of virus, vector and host biology, climatic and socioeconomic factors as well as international travel and trade. (who.int)
  • In 2013, outbreaks resulted in 44 098 dengue cases in the Lao People's Democratic Republic, 39 222 cases in Malaysia, 10 548 cases in New Caledonia and 22 170 cases in Singapore. (who.int)
  • During outbreaks, humans are the primary host for Zika virus. (blogspot.com)
  • This paper is the introduction to Special Collection of 10 papers on the epidemiology and ecology of emerging and lesser-known viruses of public and veterinary importance within the United States. (mvcac.org)
  • Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding.Lancet. (kmptm.pl)
  • Breard E, Sailleau C, Nomikou K, Hamblin C, Mertens PP, Mellor PS, El Harrak M, Zientara S (2007): Molecular epidemiology of bluetongue virus serotype 4 isolated in Mediterranean Basin between 1979 and 2004. (ankara.edu.tr)
  • In fatal cases, nucleic acid amplification, histopathology with immunohistochemistry and virus culture of autopsy tissues can also be useful. (medscape.com)
  • Like all plus-strand RNA viruses, the SARS-CoV-2 replication process within cells requires de novo production of viral RNA species, including single-strand (ss)RNA and double-strand (ds)RNA that can be sensed by cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) subsequently activating antiviral pathways 7 . (nature.com)
  • To demonstrate seroconversion, both acute and convalescent samples must be tested in parallel. (canada.ca)
  • Among 28,219 nonpregnant persons with laboratory evidence of Zika virus disease identified in Puerto Rico during November 1, 2015-October 20, 2016, incidence was highest among women aged 20-49 years. (cdc.gov)
  • Pregnant women who have an epidemiologic link to any area of Miami-Dade County after August 1, 2016 should be tested for Zika virus in accordance with CDC guidance ( http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6529e1.htm?s_cid=mm6529e1_e ). (blogspot.com)
  • Pregnant women with an epidemiologic link to the 4.5-square-mile area of Miami Beach with active Zika virus transmission, after July 14, 2016, should be tested for Zika virus. (blogspot.com)
  • Laboratory testing for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in suspected human cases: interim guidance. (kmptm.pl)
  • Guidance from WHO, CDC and ECDC caution interpretation of these tests [2]. (ukri.org)
  • The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) previously issued travel, testing, and other guidance related to areas of active Zika virus transmission in Florida. (blogspot.com)
  • Accurate laboratory testing is a critical component of dengue surveillance and control. (who.int)
  • Haiti's Ministry of Public Health and Population has established sentinel Zika surveillance and laboratory testing and has implemented a public health response to Zika. (cdc.gov)
  • SAGE noted that future studies and surveillance data should be used to identify specific risk groups, such as infants or persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), who could benefit from a booster dose. (cdc.gov)
  • Most people infected with Zika virus are asymptomatic. (cdc.gov)
  • An estimated 80% of persons infected with Zika virus are asymptomatic ( 2 , 7 ). (blogspot.com)
  • DeMaula CD, Leutenegger CM, Jutila MA, MacLachlan NJ (2002): Bluetongue virus-induced activation of primary bovine lung microvascular endothelial cells. (ankara.edu.tr)
  • Due to the unavailability of mRNA vaccines, the CoronaVac (inactivated) and ChAdOx-1 (virus-vectored) vaccines have been authorized for use as primary COVID-19 vaccines in Thailand since March 2021. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dengue viremia was assessed at baseline and on day 9, 11 and 13 post-vaccination using a plaque assay. (bvsalud.org)
  • All patients with clinically suspected dengue should receive appropriate management to reduce the risk for hemorrhagic medical complications. (cdc.gov)
  • All patients with clinically suspected dengue should have proper management to reduce the risk for hemorrhage and shock ( 11 ). (cdc.gov)
  • A col ection of the most up-to-date, cleared information on the ongoing Zika virus outbreak. (cdc.gov)
  • e WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Tropical and Emerging Virus Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. (who.int)
  • CDC has developed interim guidelines for health care providers in the United States who are caring for infants born to mothers who traveled to or resided in an area with Zika virus transmission during pregnancy. (blogspot.com)
  • These guidelines include recommendations for the testing and management of these infants. (blogspot.com)