• These features include: inconsistency between phylogeny across genetic elements, high DNA or amino acid similarity from phylogenetically distant organisms, irregular distribution of genetic elements in a variety of species, similar genes shared among species within a specific habitat or geography independent of their phylogenetic relationship, and gene characteristics inconsistent with the resident genome such as high guanine and cytosine content, codon usage, and introns. (wikipedia.org)
  • A phylogeny was constructed from 1689 identified genes and all homologs available from the rice genome (3177 gene families). (wikipedia.org)
  • Plant shikimate pathway enzymes share similarities to prokaryote homologs and could have ancestry from a plastid progenitor genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • We discovered a few unique pairs of genes that were inversely overlapped with their neighboring genes on the genome," Liu said. (bnl.gov)
  • In searching the ancestral genome, researchers report the discovery of UPA2 , a rare allele long-lost to the selective pressures of domestication in modern maize, which can be used to directly increase the crop yields of densely planted maize by altering the angle of the plants leaves. (eurasiareview.com)
  • High transformation efficiency of citrus is of great importance for large scale characterization of gene functions and also cultivar development via transgenic and genome editing technologies. (springer.com)
  • Genome Editing to Improve Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants Yuriko Osakabe and Keishi Osakabe 7. (schweitzer-online.de)
  • CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genome Editing in Plants Yaling Zhang, Xingliang Ma, Xianrong Xie and Yao-Guang Liu 9. (schweitzer-online.de)
  • In a new study published by Cell Press , experts are explaining why whiteflies incorporated a portion of plant DNA into their genome millions of years ago. (earth.com)
  • We think a virus within the plant may have taken up this BtPMaT1 gene and, after ingestion by a whitefly, the virus then must have done something inside the insect whereby that gene was integrated into the whiteflies genome," explained Turlings. (earth.com)
  • They also examined the non-parasitic plant Lindenbergia philippensis , and genome sequences from 22 other non-parasitic plants. (zmescience.com)
  • So, they are stealing genes from their host plants, incorporating them into the genome and then turning those genes back around, very often, as a weapon against the host. (zmescience.com)
  • For the first time, researchers from Tel Aviv University have developed a genome-scale technology that makes it possible to reveal the role of genes and traits in plants previously hidden by functional redundancy. (phys.org)
  • But until this recent development, it was only possible to examine the functions of single genes , which make up only 20% of the genome. (phys.org)
  • For the remaining 80% of the genome, made up of genes grouped in families, there was no effective way, on the large scale of the whole genome, to determine their role in the plant. (phys.org)
  • One of them was the need to identify as precisely as possible which genes in the plant's genome are responsible for a specific desired trait to cultivate. (phys.org)
  • Efforts to enhance plant resistance and tolerance to a broad range of stresses by expressing Trichoderma genes in the plant genome are also addressed. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Although gradual changes in trait complexity appear to have been facilitated by allelic turnover, key innovations are associated with gene and genome duplications. (lu.se)
  • These findings provide an important connection between the origins of biodiversity, coevolution, and the role of gene and genome duplications as a substrate for novel traits. (lu.se)
  • The assembled transcriptome is estimated to have the complete sequence information for ~86% of the genes found in the Chia genome. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Genome Insider: A Shrubbier Version of Rubber Hear from the consortium working on understanding the guayule plant's genome, which could lead to an improved natural rubber plant. (doe.gov)
  • Most of plants experienced genome doubling which resulted in their polyploid nature of genomes. (confex.com)
  • In this report, we briefly present assembly and features of B. oleracea genome, and then focus on evolution of duplicated genes in comparison with B. rapa and A. thaliana . (confex.com)
  • In contrast, the biosynthesis of plant specialized metabolites has until recently been thought to be almost exclusively encoded by genes that are randomly scattered in the genome. (bath.ac.uk)
  • In this study, 23 HD-Zip genes distributed on 6 chromosomes were identified from the peach ( Prunus persica ) genome, and named PpHDZ01-23 according to their positions on the chromosomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The concept of gene therapy is elegant: like computer bugs, faulty letters in the human genome can be edited and replaced with healthy ones. (singularityhub.com)
  • Concern is mounting that other gene therapies for rare diseases will meet a similar fate, as might upcoming treatments that rely on the related technique of genome editing, which makes targeted DNA changes. (cdc.gov)
  • a deep knowledge and understanding of how plants function at different levels of organization, from molecular biology to ecophysiological level, including: the structure and properties of cells, the life processes and their regulation, genome structure, function and evolution, and plant development and reproduction systems. (lu.se)
  • DRB2 has been remarkably conserved throughout plant evolution, raising the possibility that translational repression is the ancient form of miRNA-directed gene regulation in plants, and that Dicer partnering proteins, such as human TRBP, might play a similar role in other eukaryotic systems. (nature.com)
  • The microarray analysis of drb2 also revealed a large set of gene transcripts that were significantly different from wild-type levels, but which are not thought to be the primary targets of miRNA-directed regulation ( Supplementary Fig. 3 ). (nature.com)
  • Perhaps understanding this natural "anti-sense" regulation for gene expression will assist scientists in their attempts to regulate acyl-modifying enzyme levels. (bnl.gov)
  • Chaves MM, Flexas J, Pinheiro C (2009) Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. (springer.com)
  • A complex interaction between the cleavage and polyadenylation molecular complex and cis -elements determine the polyadenylation site, which may result in the choice of non-canonical sites, resulting in alternative polyadenylation events, involved in the regulation of more than 80% of the genes expressed in plants. (frontiersin.org)
  • WUSCHEL also exerts this type of regulation on type-A ARRs in the shoot apical meristem and therefore this could represent a general concept for the regulation of plant stem cells. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Additionally, this discussion expands its mandate by analyzing the function and regulation of anti-cell death in plant development. (essaywriter.org)
  • However, BSPB also urged the Scottish Government to ensure the full potential of these resources can be unlocked by changing its stance on the regulation of newer, more precise breeding technologies such as gene editing. (bspb.co.uk)
  • and the regulation of the expression of enzyme-coding genes associated with important metabolic pathways. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Alterations in DNA methylation, lncRNAs and multiple genes may be involved in the regulation of FTLs . (nature.com)
  • Light regulation of plant gene expression by an upstream enhancer-like element. (wikidata.org)
  • One may ask to what extent there are similarities and differences in the gene regulation circuits and their dynamics when it comes to important processes like stem cell regulation. (lu.se)
  • Correspondingly, the WUSCHEL and CLAVATA3 genes represent a core in the Shoot Apical Meristem regulation for plants. (lu.se)
  • Here, we focus on functional homologies by performing a comparison between the circuitry connecting these players in plants and animals and find striking similarities, suggesting that comparable regulatory logics have been evolved for stem cell regulation in both kingdoms. (lu.se)
  • On April 28, 2023, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) issued Rules for Review of Gene-Edited Plants for Agricultural Use (Trial), which clarifies the classification criteria and requirements for evaluating gene-edited plants. (usda.gov)
  • Nature Plants (2023). (phys.org)
  • Physiol Plant;175(4): e13978, 2023. (bvsalud.org)
  • This research from scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory aimed to advance the use and efficiency of these reporters in two herbaceous plant species ( Arabidopsis and tobacco) and two woody plant species (poplar and citrus). (eurekalert.org)
  • By searching the genomes of woody Poplar trees and leafy Arabidopsis, the scientists identified 94 and 61 genes they suspected belonged to this family in those two species, respectively. (bnl.gov)
  • Dou H, Xv K, Meng Q, Li G, Yang X (2015) Potato plants ectopically expressing Arabidopsis thaliana CBF3 exhibit enhanced tolerance to high-temperature stress. (springer.com)
  • To perform this experiment, the team started with a mutant Arabidopsis plant that is entirely insensitive to temperature, and they altered it to become reactive once again. (azocleantech.com)
  • A close-up image of the surface of an Arabidopsis plant, taken under a microscope. (washington.edu)
  • Torii and her team investigated which genes governed stomata formation in Arabidopsis thaliana , a small weed that is one of the most widely studied plants on the planet. (washington.edu)
  • The researchers created a strain of Arabidopsis that can artificially produce a lot of the MUTE protein, so they could easily identify which genes the MUTE protein turned on or off. (washington.edu)
  • In Arabidopsis , as in nearly all plants, stomata form from precursor cells known as guard mother cells, or GMCs. (washington.edu)
  • Without MUTE, Arabidopsis plants cannot produce stomata, and do not develop past the seedling stage. (washington.edu)
  • In my analyses, I focused on the hypocotyl of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, since wood and bast production is very active there and the tissue patterning resembles the patterning of the vascular cambium of trees. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • From the phylogenetic analysis, horizontal gene transfer events could have contributed to the L-fucose permease sugar transporter, zinc binding alcohol dehydrogenase, membrane transporter, phospholipase/carboxylesterase, iucA/iucC family protein in siderophore biosynthesis, DUF239 domain protein, phosphate-response 1 family protein, a hypothetical protein similar to zinc finger (C2H2-type) protein, and another conserver hypothetical protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • After designing and building a GFP UV reporter protein (eYGFPuv) that provides enhanced signals for all tested plant species, the researchers demonstrated that strong fluorescence could be captured using either a fluorescence microscope or UV light. (eurekalert.org)
  • Here we show that the form of regulatory action directed by a plant miRNA is determined by DRB2, a DICER-LIKE1 (DCL1) partnering protein. (nature.com)
  • In this unique organization, the paired genes (sequences of DNA) produce protein-encoding segments (RNAs) that are complementary to one another - meaning the two RNA strands would stick to each other like highly specific Velcro. (bnl.gov)
  • Researchers tested computer models of gene networks in a simple cress plant to determine the role played by a protein, known as TOC1, in governing these daily cycles. (phys.org)
  • Researchers found that the TOC1 protein , which was previously associated with helping plants to wake up, is in fact involved in dampening gene activity in the evening, helping them stay dormant at night. (phys.org)
  • The mutant is caused by the gene necrotic upper tips1 ( nut1 ), which encodes a protein that controls genes responsible for maintaining the structure of the protoxylem cells. (berkeley.edu)
  • The MUTE gene encodes instructions for a cellular protein that can control the "on" or "off" state of other plant genes. (washington.edu)
  • Torii's team showed that one of the genes activated by the MUTE protein to its DNA is CYCD5;1 , a gene that causes the GMC to divide. (washington.edu)
  • Role of swollenin, an expansin-like protein from Trichoderma , in plant root colonization. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Streamlining Regulon Identification in Bacteria Regulons are a group of genes that can be turned on or off by the same regulatory protein. (doe.gov)
  • The wounding-responsive KED gene , named for its coding for a lysine (K), glutamic acid (E), and aspartic acid (D)-rich protein , is widely present among land plants . (bvsalud.org)
  • The search specifically identifies the DNA of the gene that produces the ricin protein. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure to light in SDPs causes the expression of the CONSTANS (CO) gene, and the CO protein causes the expression of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), a gene that encourages flowering. (who.int)
  • Interestingly, many genes are induced at the mRNA- and protein level within a few minutes after being touched. (lu.se)
  • This strategy has been used for decades with success, but it has a fundamental problem: An average plant such as tomato or rice has about 30,000 genes, and about 80% of them do not work alone but are grouped in families of similar genes. (phys.org)
  • For 80% of the other genes, there was no effective way to find out what their role is because their function has been masked by genetic redundancy - the presence of similar genes with overlapping functions. (tau.ac.il)
  • Fang Y, Xiong L (2015) General mechanisms of drought response and their application in drought resistance improvement in plants. (springer.com)
  • While no effective HLB control methods or HLB resistance citrus cultivars have been commercialized, transgenic plant technologies have been recognized as a powerful tool to control the HLB disease. (springer.com)
  • The expression of antifungal genes from Trichoderma harzianum has been used to confer plant resistance to fungal diseases. (isaaa.org)
  • The genes stolen this way could also provide the parasite with increased resistance to infection and pathogens the host plant has evolved to fight against. (zmescience.com)
  • As climatic change begins to impact widespread agricultural areas, understanding the mechanism of resistance to drought and heat stress in crop plants such as maize is vital. (berkeley.edu)
  • It seems obvious now, but I wouldn't have guessed that resistance to heat stress and drought stress have a common physiological mechanism, both operating through high volume water movement early in the protoxylem," says George Chuck, an associate researcher in the Plant & Microbial Biology Department. (berkeley.edu)
  • Moreover, as revealed by research in recent decades, some Trichoderma strains can interact directly with roots, increasing plant growth potential, resistance to disease and tolerance to abiotic stresses. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The aim of this study was to characterise the impact of a resistance gene against L. maculans infection on residue microbial communities and to identify micro-organisms interacting with this pathogen during residue degradation. (biorxiv.org)
  • Fungal community structure differed between the two lines at harvest, but not subsequently, suggesting that the presence/absence of the resistance gene influences the microbiome at the base of the stem whilst the plant is alive, but that this does not necessarily lead to differential colonisation of the residues by fungi. (biorxiv.org)
  • Somatic coliphages were enumerated according to can also transduce resistance genes from Salmonella enter- the standard method. (cdc.gov)
  • Scientific evidence from a report called Initiatives for Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment [PDF - 94 pages] show that traces of antibiotics and antifungals, germs resistant to them, and genes that cause resistance traits are present and can spread in waterways and soils. (cdc.gov)
  • Genetic modification of plants offers the potential to influence plant growth, fertility and disease resistance - thus impacting on food security and nutritional status. (who.int)
  • Evidence for wastewaters as environments where mobile antibiotic resistance genes emerge. (janusinfo.se)
  • The genes are then incorporated into the sea slug's own DNA, allowing the animal to produce the necessary proteins for the stolen chloroplasts to continue working. (sott.net)
  • Such proteins are circulated to two distinct parts of plant cells-the nucleus and organelles known as chloroplasts. (azocleantech.com)
  • Since their data showed that MUTE proteins switched on genes that regulated cell division, Torii and her team wondered if MUTE is the gene that activates this single round of cell division. (washington.edu)
  • The researchers also found that MUTE proteins turn on two genes called FAMA and FOUR LIPS. (washington.edu)
  • In addition to these essential elements, several proteins and signalling pathways are also involved in photoperiodic responses in plants. (who.int)
  • Phytochromes play a key role in how plants perceive the day in the complex network of proteins and signalling channels that make up the molecular mechanisms behind photoperiodic responses in plants. (who.int)
  • All this is controlled by hormones, genes and proteins so that the plant can function as an individual. (lu.se)
  • As the researchers observed the growing monkeyflowers, they were able to test two contrasting predictions about how gene flow should affect plants at the edge of the range. (sciencedaily.com)
  • To answer these questions, the researchers measured how the mixing of genes from different elevations affected the plants' ability to live at the warm edge of their range, through traits such as time for seedlings to emerge, time to flowering and overall reproductive success. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Researchers hope their discovery will bring them a step closer to understanding other seasonal rhythms that affect plants and people including the flowering of staple crops such as wheat, barley and rice, and the breeding patterns of animals. (phys.org)
  • In another surprising development, the researchers found the algal gene in E. chlorotica's sex cells, meaning the ability to maintain functional chloroplasts could be passed to the next generation. (sott.net)
  • The researchers believe many more photosynthesis genes are acquired by E. chlorotica from their food, but still need to understand how the plant genes are activated inside sea-slug cells. (sott.net)
  • This ongoing serial contain contributions from leading scientists and researchers in the field of gene editing in plants who describe the results of their own research in this rapidly expanding area of science. (schweitzer-online.de)
  • The researchers have discovered that whiteflies use the stolen gene to degrade the toxins that plants use to defend themselves against insects. (earth.com)
  • But the researchers think the close feeding connections between the parasite plants and their hosts increases the chance of genes finding their way to the parasite, where they can become functional. (zmescience.com)
  • The researchers point out that since the agricultural revolution , man has improved plant varieties for agricultural purposes by creating genetic diversity . (phys.org)
  • As part of the research, the team of researchers used the innovative technology "CRISPR" for gene editing and methods from the field of bioinformatics and molecular genetics to develop a new method for locating genes responsible for specific traits in plants. (phys.org)
  • In addition, the researchers conclude: "Shifting to plant-based diets at a populational level will reduce emissions of greenhouse gases considerably - together making these diets efficient means towards a more sustainable development, while at the same time reducing the growing burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). (medscape.com)
  • On the other hand, transgenic plants produced from mature tissue via genetic transformation can drastically shorten flowering and fruiting time and thus speed up field evaluation studies. (springer.com)
  • There are definitely still some hurdles this method needs to get over, most notably the skepticism about using transgenic plants," said Turlings. (earth.com)
  • Transgenic plants expressing the WMV II CP gene generally showed better protection against these potyviruses than those expressing the ZYMV CP gene. (apsnet.org)
  • Given this and other reports, it appears that transgenic plants that express a potyvirus CP gene will show at least a noticeable level of protection against symptom development when challenged by other potyviruses. (apsnet.org)
  • Synergistic activity of endochitinase and exochitinase from Trichoderma harzianum against the pathogenic fungus Venturia inaequalis in transgenic plants. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Nonphagotrophic mechanisms have been seen in the transmission of transposable elements, plastid-derived endosymbiotic gene transfer, prokaryote-derived gene transfer, Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated DNA transfer, cross-species hybridization events, and gene transfer between mitochondrial genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • This includes whole transcriptome gene expression for almost 30 different species, Exon microarrays to analyze splicing variants and gene expression microarrays with comprehensive content, including full LNCipedia databases to provide full coverage of the transcriptome in a single experiment. (agilent.com)
  • UPTON, NY - By creating a "family tree" of genes expressed in one form of woody plant and a less woody, herbaceous species, scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory have uncovered clues that may help them engineer plants more amenable to biofuel production. (bnl.gov)
  • Furthermore, all transgenic lines exhibited significantly less accumulation of reactive oxygen species than WT plants. (springer.com)
  • To help property owners choose species that are well-suited for our climate, the City of Eugene maintains a list of approved street trees and planting guide . (eugene-or.gov)
  • One major limitation associated with existing protocols when used on economically important citrus species is likely low plant regeneration frequencies. (springer.com)
  • You cannot find this gene, BtPMaT1, which neutralizes toxic compounds produced by the plant, in any other insect species. (earth.com)
  • Whiteflies are a major agricultural pest, attacking at least 600 different species of plants worldwide. (earth.com)
  • A new Penn State university study found 52 cases of nonsexual transfer of DNA -- or horizontal gene transfer (HGT) -- from a host plants into a parasitic species known as broomrapes (genus Orobanche ). (zmescience.com)
  • The first gene banks were set up by plant breeders in the 1930s to conserve the valuable genetic diversity in past and present varieties, as well as landraces and wild relatives of cultivated crop species. (bspb.co.uk)
  • Numerous gene clusters that encode for the biosynthesis of different classes of metabolite have now been discovered in a variety of plant species. (bath.ac.uk)
  • There is still much to learn about the diversity and complexity of the photoperiodic response across several plant groupings, even if much is known about it in particular species. (who.int)
  • It seemed possible that these genes are regulated by transcription factors that are themselves regulated by miRNAs, and at a translational level by a process involving DRB2. (nature.com)
  • RIViT-seq technology could speed up associating transcription factors with their target genes. (doe.gov)
  • These genes comprise 289 Transcription Factors (TFs) representing Basic Helix-loop Helix (bHLH), Ethylene Response Factors (ERFs), myeloblastosis (MYB), No apical meristem (NAC), and WRKY amino acid motif (WRKY) type major families known to be involved in the mechanism of stress tolerance. (frontiersin.org)
  • HD-Zips (Homeodomain-Leucine Zippers) are a class of plant-specific transcription factors that play multiple roles in plant growth and development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HD-Zip transcription factors belong to the Homeodomain (HD) transcription factor superfamily and are only found in plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • can reduce the severity of plant diseases by inhibiting plant pathogens in the soil through their highly potent antagonistic and mycoparasitic activity. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • On the other hand, the plants can become more resistant to insect pests and pathogens. (lu.se)
  • Then we could use those genes to engineer new bioenergy crops, and test whether those changes improve the efficiency of converting biomass to biofuel," Liu said. (bnl.gov)
  • We can now extend the knowledge we have gained of cyclic processes to the major crops and other plants of agronomic interest. (phys.org)
  • however, for many crops, maize included, crowded plantings impose competition between plants for water, sunlight and soil nutrients. (eurasiareview.com)
  • Furthermore, overexpression of the gene led to high glyphosate tolerance , which may imply that the novel enzyme could be used in producing new generation of glyphosate-tolerant crops . (isaaa.org)
  • Although HGT is rare in complex life, discovering that it can occur in parasitic plants could help us better defend our crops against them. (zmescience.com)
  • Last year, a major study by HFFA Research GmbH concluded that, since 2000, progress in plant breeding has accounted for two-thirds of the productivity gains in UK arable crops. (bspb.co.uk)
  • Understanding of the genomes and evolution of duplicated genes are of significance for genetic improvement of these crops. (confex.com)
  • Dodd I, Ryan A (2016) Whole-Plant Physiological Responses to Water-Deficit Stress. (springer.com)
  • But, to be able to modify plants' temperature responses, you first have to understand how they work. (azocleantech.com)
  • In a study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences today, Zhaobin Dong , Ling Xu , and George Chuck , members of the Plant Gene Expression Center , analyzed the genetics of a maize mutant which causes plants to express responses to drought and heat stress. (berkeley.edu)
  • Evidently, it has been established from the above outline that cell death plays a pivotal role in the innate responses in both animals and plants. (essaywriter.org)
  • Although its possible involvement in response to other biotic and abiotic stresses is still unclear, we propose that SlKED may play a role in plant 's rapid, short-term, early wounding responses, such as in cellular damage healing. (bvsalud.org)
  • Three groups of plants' photoperiodic responses can be distinguished: short-day plants (SDPs), long-day plants (LDPs), and day-neutral plants (DNPs). (who.int)
  • On the other hand, a class of photoreceptors known as phytochromes is involved in the biochemical mechanisms driving photoperiodic responses in plants. (who.int)
  • The research demonstrates real-time imaging of cellular and molecular events in a wide range of plants with the unaided eye and a black-light flashlight. (eurekalert.org)
  • This will enable quick and affordable screening for research and development or for real time monitoring of molecular events in mature plants. (eurekalert.org)
  • The study, published in the April 2009 issue of Plant Molecular Biology, also lays a foundation for understanding these genes' evolutionary and structural properties and for a broader exploration of their roles in plant life. (bnl.gov)
  • With all six genotypes of citrus tested including Eureka lemon, a cultivar difficult to be transformed, our results demonstrate that the kn1 gene may provide an effective molecular tool to enhance genetic transformation efficiencies of various citrus varieties. (springer.com)
  • Engineering Molecular Immunity Against Plant Viruses Syed Shan-e-Ali Zaidi, Manal Tashkandi and Magdy M. Mahfouz 11. (schweitzer-online.de)
  • Molecular biotechnology has made it possible to explore the potential of plants for different purposes. (frontiersin.org)
  • This mini-review summarizes the main findings concerning the Trichoderma -plant interaction, the molecular dialogue between the two organisms, and the dramatic changes induced by the beneficial fungus in the plant. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Ultrafree-4 centrifugal filter units of Biomax-PB poly- duction (8) and genes likely linked to generalized trans- ethersulfone membranes with a molecular weight cutoff of duction (9). (cdc.gov)
  • There is very little molecular homology between mammals and plants for these core regulators. (lu.se)
  • In this essay, I will cover the current understanding of how plants respond to photoperiod and the molecular mechanisms underpinning this response. (who.int)
  • The plant response to biotic and abiotic stress has been studied for many years, but the molecular mechanism controlling touch-signalling in plants is not well understood. (lu.se)
  • From the genomes we can also get molecular data to see how the plants evolve. (lu.se)
  • They found that the "foreign" sequences in the parasites had been derived from entire genes of past hosts, incorporated into the parasites' genomes. (zmescience.com)
  • Tracing the Evolution of Shiitake Mushrooms Understanding Lentinula genomes and their evolution could provide strategies for converting plant waste into sugars for biofuel production. (doe.gov)
  • Plant genomes also evolve many tandem duplicated genes. (confex.com)
  • This genetic editing method allows us to design different sgRNA sequences to allow Cas9 to cut almost any gene that we want to change. (phys.org)
  • Since the agricultural revolution, humans have been breeding plant varieties for agricultural purposes, creating random genetic diversity. (tau.ac.il)
  • They assess the safety of GE foods to humans, animals, plants, and the environment. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Another challenge to using transgenic plant technology in citrus is the long juvenile phase of immature tissues that ranges from 5 to 20 years, which greatly delays analysis of the effects of candidate genes. (springer.com)
  • Together, these results suggest the potential for heterologous expression of the AtCBF3 gene to mediate tolerance to hydric and saline stress in citrus plants. (springer.com)
  • The dominant discovery in these experiments indicates that there is a heterologous expression of certain genes in plants that can regulate cell death. (essaywriter.org)
  • Gene Editing With TALEN and CRISPR/Cas in Rice Honghao Bi and Bing Yang 6. (schweitzer-online.de)
  • On Improving CRISPR for Editing Plant Genes: Ribozyme-Mediated Guide RNA Production and Fluorescence-Based Technology for Isolating Transgene-Free Mutants Generated by CRISPR Yubing He, Rongchen Wang, Xinhua Dai and Yunde Zhao 10. (schweitzer-online.de)
  • The current study sought to find a solution to the problem of genetic redundancy by using an innovative gene editing method called CRISPR. (phys.org)
  • Compared to the wild-type plants , the CRISPR /Cas9-mediated SlKED knockout plants did not exhibit altered expression patterns for genes involved in hormone biosynthesis or stress signaling, suggesting a lack of pleiotropic effect on other stress-responsive genes . (bvsalud.org)
  • Data from two pivotal trials suggest that a single infusion of the CRISPR-based gene therapy exagamglogene autotemcel (exa-cel) can provide a 'functional cure' for patients with transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia or severe sickle cell disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Of particular interest to Liu's group were a number of genes expressed at high levels in the woody plant tissues. (bnl.gov)
  • In fact, some of the genes the scientists found to be expressed at high levels in woody tissues may carry the genetic instructions for making the enzymes the scientists would like to control. (bnl.gov)
  • Spatio-temporal expression pattern showed that these genes were expressed in many tissues with different levels, and they had distinct expression pattern during adventitious root formation and development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Wounded leaves of the KED-lacking plants exhibited higher binding of Evans blue dye than the wild-type, indicating a possible role for KED in healing damaged tissues . (bvsalud.org)
  • Liu's group also made some interesting observations about gene expression and gene location in their study of the acyl-modifying enzyme genes. (bnl.gov)
  • Ali S, Mannan A, El Oirdi M, Waheed A, Mirza B (2012) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of rough lime (Citrus jambhiri Lush) with yeast HAL2 gene. (springer.com)
  • Although a small number of 3' regulatory regions have been identified and validated so far, many studies have shown that plant 3' regulatory regions have a higher potential to regulate gene expression in plants compared to widely used 3' regulatory regions, such as NOS and OCS from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and 35S from cauliflower mosaic virus. (frontiersin.org)
  • The optimized gene was introduced to tobacco plants using Agrobacterium -mediated transformation. (isaaa.org)
  • In their latest experiments, Rumpho and colleagues sequenced the chloroplast genes of Vaucheria litorea, the alga that is the sea slug's favourite snack. (sott.net)
  • Light-stimulated transcription of genes for two chloroplast polypeptides in isolated pea leaf nuclei. (wikidata.org)
  • The maize homeobox gene knotted1 ( kn1 ) encodes an AP2/ERF transcription factor (Hake et al. (springer.com)
  • Comparison of these characterized clusters now enables us to begin to define their salient features and to exploit plant biosynthetic gene clusters for synthetic biology applications. (bath.ac.uk)
  • During a 15-day treatment of water deficit by cessation of irrigation, the transgenic lines LM2 and LM14 showed lower stomatal conductance and transpiration paired with lower photosynthesis, whereas transgenic line LM7 maintained its photosynthesis, declining stomatal conductance, and transpiration compared to WT plants, which is manifested into more efficient water use. (springer.com)
  • The expression of photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis related genes were significantly reduced under both types of stresses, which limit the metabolic processes and thus help prolong survival under extreme conditions. (frontiersin.org)
  • The model shows how 12 genes work together to run the plant's complex clockwork, and reset the clock at dawn and dusk each day. (phys.org)
  • Based on the findings, the team developed a small RNA molecule that interferes with the whiteflies' BtPMaT1 gene and makes the flies susceptible to the plant's toxic compounds. (earth.com)
  • The accepted method to address this challenge is to produce mutations, that is, to modify genes in different ways and then to examine changes in the plant's traits as a result of the mutation in the DNA and to learn from this about the function of the gene. (phys.org)
  • Finally, data mining of the alterations in the plant transcriptome will lead to further insights into how abiotic stress affects plant physiology. (nih.gov)
  • Through APA, a single gene containing multiple PAS can generate a considerable number of transcript isoforms, thereby producing a highly diversified transcriptome ( Tian and Manley, 2013 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In this study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under drought and flooding conditions were investigated using Illumina RNA-Seq transcriptome profiling. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our hope is that we can use this information to find the best strategies to generate, or breed, resistant host plants. (zmescience.com)
  • It seems clear to me that if we want to breed plants resistant to the compound effects of climate change, we should probably select for efficient protoxylem function, something we may be able to do using the nut1 gene. (berkeley.edu)
  • Measuring the relationship between resistant germs and genes, drug residues (small amounts of leftover drugs or pieces of drugs that are not completely absorbed by the body), the environment, and human health is complex and incomplete. (cdc.gov)
  • However, some antibiotic and antifungal residues and resistant germs and genes can survive treatment because wastewater treatment systems are not specifically designed to kill or remove them. (cdc.gov)
  • The transferred genes became functional in the parasites, said Claude dePamphilis, professor of biology at Penn State and co-author of the paper. (zmescience.com)
  • The MUTE gene acts as a master regulator of stomatal development," said senior author Keiko Torii , a UW professor of biology and investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute . (washington.edu)
  • There were many great articles concerning cross-disciplinary research at the interface between plant biology, mathematics and computer science before the launch in silico Plants (isP). (botany.one)
  • Horizontal gene transfer could bypass eukaryotic barrier features like linear chromatin-based chromosomes, intron-exon gene structures, and the nuclear envelope. (wikipedia.org)
  • In recent years, thanks for gene editing technologies, it became possible to target specific genes and with that, manipulate specific traits. (tau.ac.il)
  • Then they tested if the optimized gene and its expressed enzyme can provide tolerance to glyphosate in transgenic tobacco plants. (isaaa.org)
  • Transgenic N. benthamiana plants expressing the CP gene of WMV II or ZYMV showed protection against symptom development when inoculated with WMV II and six other potyviruses: bean yellow mosaic (BYMV), potato Y (PVY), pea mosaic (PeaMV), clover yellow vein (CYVV), pepper mottle (PeMV), and tobacco etch (TEV). (apsnet.org)
  • Transgenic tobacco cell cultures expressing a Trichoderma harzianum endochitinase gene release the enzyme into the medium. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The SlKED knockout plants showed a similar dietary effect as the wild-type on the larval growth of tobacco hornworm . (bvsalud.org)
  • The traffic of genes among populations may help living things better adapt to climate change, especially when genes flow among groups most affected by warming, according to a new study. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The first prediction was that any mixing of genes from a wider population would help plants adapt to warming conditions. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The second was that genes from the center of the range that did not help plants adapt would dilute any adaptive genes, negating their benefit. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The study showed that the first prediction was true -- gene flow did help the plants adapt to a warmer environment. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Sexton noted that hybrids of monkeyflowers from two warm-edge populations did better than either of their parents, perhaps because the populations had been using different genes to adapt to warm environments. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Sometimes these transcriptional changes are successful adaptations leading to tolerance while in other instances the plant ultimately fails to adapt to the new environment and is labeled as sensitive to that condition. (nih.gov)
  • The two studies pave the way for further research to define how the cycles improve plant growth and allow plants to adapt to our changing environment. (phys.org)
  • These internal 24-hour cycles known as circadian clocks also allow people, animals and plants to make tiny adjustments as daylight changes, and adapt to changing seasons. (phys.org)
  • ferent wastewater treatment plants (Table). (cdc.gov)
  • Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) reduce contaminants in wastewater before discharging the treated water into waterways. (cdc.gov)
  • To test my hypothesis, I investigated which genes of the auxin and cytokinin pathways are regulated by WOX4, also in comparison to WUSCHEL, a stem cell regulator of the shoot apical meristem. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • The main aim of this paper is to review the pathways that lead to cell death in plants with a purpose of identifying the anti-cell death genes. (essaywriter.org)
  • However, recent reports highlight the growing number of examples of gene clusters for specialized metabolic pathways in plants. (bath.ac.uk)
  • Plant-fungus horizontal gene transfer is the movement of genetic material between individuals in the plant and fungus kingdoms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Horizontal gene transfer research often focuses on prokaryotes because of the abundant sequence data from diverse lineages, and because it is assumed not to play a significant role in eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most plant-fungus horizontal gene transfer events are ancient and rare, but they may have provided important gene functions leading to wider substrate use and habitat spread for plants and fungi. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plant-fungus interactions could play a part in a multi-horizontal gene transfer pathway among many other organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fungus-plant-mediated horizontal gene transfer can occur via phagotrophic mechanisms (mediated by phagotrophic eukaryotes) and nonphagotropic mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Horizontal gene transfer occurs between microorganisms sharing overlapping ecological niches and associations like parasitism or symbiosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ecological association can facilitate horizontal gene transfer in plants and fungi and is an unstudied factor in shared evolutionary histories. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hypothesis incorporates the "continual hypothesis", which states that horizontal gene transfer is constantly occurring in operational genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plant-fungus horizontal gene transfer could take place during plant infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fourteen candidate plant-fungus horizontal gene transfer events were identified, nine of which showed infrequent patterns of transfer between plants and fungi. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is possible that the shikimate pathway and the pentafunctional arom have their ancient origins in eukaryotes or were conveyed by eukaryote-eukaryote horizontal gene transfer. (wikipedia.org)
  • This seems to be the first recorded example of the horizontal gene transfer of a functional gene from a plant into an insect," said Turlings. (earth.com)
  • Parasitic plants seem to have a far greater rate of horizontal gene transfer than non-parasitic plants and we think this is because of their very intimate connection they have with their host," said dePamphilis. (zmescience.com)
  • Future research may investigate the mechanism of horizontal gene transfer to help engineer improved plant defenses against parasitic attacks, dePamphilis concluded. (zmescience.com)
  • Gene flow" describes the movement of genetic traits within and among populations, as individual animals or plants breed. (sciencedaily.com)
  • suggest the advantage of these traits have only recently become relevant and could explain why the gene was not conserved over domestication. (eurasiareview.com)
  • Prof. Itay Mayrose, Edmond J. Safra member, and colleagues have developed a novel technology that enables revealing the role of many genes and discovering new traits in plants. (tau.ac.il)
  • Prof. Itay Mayrose , Edmond J. Safra member (Life Sciences), and colleagues have developed a novel technology that enables revealing the role of many genes and discovering new traits in plants. (tau.ac.il)
  • However, until today, it was only possible to identify the traits governed by 20% of the genes. (tau.ac.il)
  • This involves selecting plants or animals with desired traits and breeding them. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This avoids introducing other genes with undesirable traits. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Alvarez-Gerding X, Cortés-Bullemore R, Medina C, Romero-Romero JL, Inostroza-Blancheteau C, Aquea F, Arce-Johnson P (2015) Improved salinity tolerance in Carrizo Citrange rootstock through overexpression of glyoxalase system genes. (springer.com)
  • Fu X, Khan E, Hu S, Fan Q, Liu J (2011) Overexpression of the betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene from Atriplex hortensis enhances salt tolerance in the transgenic trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf. (springer.com)
  • It's the ultimate form of solar power: eat a plant, become photosynthetic. (sott.net)
  • This study has revealed the involvement of TFs, transporters, and photosynthetic genes, and has also given a glimpse of hormonal cross talk under the extreme water regimes, which will aid as an important resource for soybean crop improvement. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, the therapy used an older gene-editing tool called zinc finger nucleases, which corrected a genetic error that throws the body's metabolism out of whack and slowly destroys its cells. (singularityhub.com)
  • Due to this phenomenon, called genetic redundancy, it is difficult to create a change in the plant itself and to determine the function of the gene and its link to a specific trait. (phys.org)
  • We wanted to apply this technique to improve the control of creating mutations in plants for the purposes of agricultural improvement, and specifically to overcome the common limitation posed by genetic redundancy. (phys.org)
  • The treatment uses a virus to insert a functional piece of DNA into the eyes to override a defective gene. (singularityhub.com)
  • Glyphosate is a non-selective broad-spectrum herbicide that blocks 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS, aka AroA), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids in plants and microorganisms. (isaaa.org)
  • It has also been shown that the kn1 mRNA can be transported bidirectionally via phloem cells in plants (Duan et al. (springer.com)
  • The 3' regulatory regions have a great diversity of cis -regulatory elements directly involved in polyadenylation, stability, transport and mRNA translation, essential to achieve the desired levels of gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
  • Polyadenylation is essential for the stability of the transcript, preventing the mRNA from being the target of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) via RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) in plants ( Luo and Chen, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In contrast, the selection of regulatory mechanisms is independent of the degree of mismatch between a plant miRNA and its target transcript 5 . (nature.com)
  • These profiles of plant response to environmental extremes (abiotic stresses) are expected to lead to regulators that will be useful in biotechnological approaches to improve stress tolerance as well as to new tools for studying regulatory genetic circuitry. (nih.gov)
  • In this review, we discuss the role of 3' regulatory regions in gene expression, and the superior potential that plant 3' regulatory regions have compared to NOS, OCS and 35S 3' regulatory regions. (frontiersin.org)
  • To better understand this decision-making process, in a first step I mathematically modelled gene regulatory networks in collaboration with the Mironova laboratory. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • As a unique transcription factor in plants, HD-Zip plays an important regulatory role in plant growth and development, environmental response, cell cycle and cell metabolism [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our investigation suggests that, despite similarity in core regulatory networks, the dynamics of these can contribute to plant cells being more plastic than mammalian cells, i.e. capable to reorganize from single differentiated cells to whole plants-reprogramming. (lu.se)
  • Physically linked clusters of genes that encode the enzymatic information for the synthesis of specialized metabolites are a well-established feature of microbial secondary metabolism. (bath.ac.uk)
  • Other factors have since been linked with the decision by plant cells to activate cell death, including cell survival signals, stress signals, developmental cues, pathogen recognition and metabolic state. (essaywriter.org)
  • However, the potential of glucanase genes from Trichoderma has been scarcely studied. (isaaa.org)
  • Solubilization of phosphates and micronutrients by the plant-growth-promoting and biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum rifai 1295-22. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Increased growth of plants in the presence of the biological control agent Trichoderma harzianum. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Moreover, transgenic lines were more tolerant to saline stress and presented a greener phenotype with increased chlorophyll content in leaf discs compared to WT plants. (springer.com)
  • The team used genetic data to generate the evolutionary histories of thousands of genes in the parasite plants, dePamphilis said. (zmescience.com)
  • For instance, by using a simple UV flashlight, the scientists demonstrated how this new reporter can facilitate rapid quantification of transformation efficiency in plant systems. (eurekalert.org)
  • Scientists have made fresh discoveries about the processes that govern plants' internal body clocks and help them adjust to changing seasons, triggering the arrival of flowers in spring. (phys.org)
  • The findings, from the University of Edinburgh, contradict what scientists had previously understood about the gene and its role in early morning activity. (phys.org)
  • Scientists from the University of California, Riverside have discovered a gene that could reverse this effect. (azocleantech.com)
  • Scientists from France, Denmark, and Switzerland also participated in the research, which was published in Nature Plants . (phys.org)
  • The scientists discovered that a gene in plants known as MUTE orchestrates stomatal development. (washington.edu)
  • BSPB supports his call, alongside Scotland's farmers, scientists and agribusinesses, for Scottish Ministers to re-think their approach and let plant scientists, breeders and farmers use more advanced technologies such as gene editing. (bspb.co.uk)
  • Scientists take the gene for a desired trait in one plant or animal, and they insert that gene into a cell of another plant or animal. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Genetic engineering allows scientists to move desired genes from one plant or animal into another. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Genetic engineering allows scientists to select one specific gene to implant. (medlineplus.gov)
  • By adapting new varieties of maize with more upright leaves, the planting density of maize has been drastically increased. (eurasiareview.com)
  • The consultation recognises that genetic diversity among domesticated plants and their wild relatives provides the foundation for developing resilient new varieties and agricultural systems, and that faced with increased pressure from pests, diseases and a changing climate, as well as a drive to reduce pesticide and fertiliser inputs, a broad plant genetic resource base will be vital in ensuring future food security. (bspb.co.uk)
  • This legislation will exempt plant varieties developed using advanced breeding technologies such as gene editing from restrictive rules inherited from the EU, instead regulating them in the same way as conventional varieties. (bspb.co.uk)
  • A fungus-plant pathway has been demonstrated in rice (Oryza sativa) through ancestral lineages. (wikipedia.org)
  • Graduate student Jason Sexton, with Strauss and Kevin Rice, professor of plant sciences, studied the monkeyflower ( Mimulus laciniatus ), an annual plant that lives in mossy areas of the Sierra at elevations of 3,200 feet to 10,000 feet. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The most exciting step of this design was when our colleagues genetically manipulated tomato plants to start producing this RNA molecule," said Turlings. (earth.com)
  • KED gene expression in early response to wounding stress in tomato plants. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study, we found that transcription of the tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) KED gene , SlKED, was rapidly and transiently elevated by wounding or ethephon treatment . (bvsalud.org)
  • Many of these micro-organisms are considered beneficial (e.g. plant growth-promoting bacteria), whereas others are pathogenic and decrease the yield and quality of agricultural produce. (biorxiv.org)
  • Genetic engineering can be done with plants, animals, or bacteria and other very small organisms. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Wood and other biofibers made of plant cell walls are the most abundant feedstocks for biofuel production," explained Liu. (bnl.gov)
  • Maize plants require an abundant water supply and moderate temperatures to accomplish fertilization and produce seed. (berkeley.edu)
  • Cervera M, Ortega C, Navarro A, Navarro L, Peña L (2000) Generation of transgenic citrus plants with the tolerance-to-salinity gene HAL2 from yeast. (springer.com)
  • The effects of a maize knotted1 ( kn1) gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter on genetic transformation efficiencies of six citrus genotypes were tested. (springer.com)
  • The kn1 gene construct was used to transform 'Pineapple', 'Hamlin', 'Sucarri' and 'Valencia' sweet orange [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck], 'Carrizo' Citrange [ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck × Poncirus trifoliate (L.) Raf. (springer.com)
  • Our results demonstrate that expression of the kn1 gene enhances transformation efficiencies from 3 to 15 fold compared to a control vector, 3-11 fold relative to the highest transformation efficiencies reported for these citrus genotypes. (springer.com)
  • The majority of kn1 over-expressing citrus plants grow and develop normally at young seedling stages, similar to those of the wild type plants. (springer.com)
  • Despite this, there are adaptive characteristics and distinctive features that that distinguish the lifestyle of plants from those of animals, hence the adoption of only distantly related components in revealing the genetic regulations of plant cell death. (essaywriter.org)
  • The changes in expression of genes involved in regulating the flux of cell wall precursors and starch/sugar content can serve as an adaptive mechanism for soybean survival under stress conditions. (frontiersin.org)
  • According to the results, UPA2 confers upright and narrow plant growth in teosinte, but the gene is absent in maize. (eurasiareview.com)
  • Introgression of the lost allele into modern maize resulted in hybrids with significantly increased yield under high-density planting, the authors say. (eurasiareview.com)
  • Responding to the recent ScotGov consultation on a future Agriculture Bill for Scotland, the British Society of Plant Breeders (BSPB) has welcomed the document's explicit focus on the importance of conserving plant genetic resources as the basis for the future resilience and sustainability of crop production in Scotland. (bspb.co.uk)
  • However, from a plant breeding perspective, the document's explicit recognition of the importance of crop genetic improvement for more sustainable agriculture, and the commitment to conserving diverse germplasm resources, is music to our ears. (bspb.co.uk)
  • However, the HFFA study also highlighted the challenges of maintaining current rates of yield improvement, and underlined the critical importance of access to new breeding techniques, such as gene editing, with the potential to accelerate the rate of progress in crop innovation. (bspb.co.uk)
  • Agricultural Biosafety: towards commercialisation of genetically modified crop plants and vaccines (pp. 29 - 32). (bris.ac.uk)
  • Antibiotics and antifungals (fungicides) are sometimes applied as pesticides to manage plant and crop diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, if a single gene from a certain gene family is mutated, there is a high probability that another gene from the same family (actually a copy very similar to the mutated gene) will mask the phenotypes in place of the mutated gene. (phys.org)
  • The microbiome associated with the two types of plant residues was characterised by metabarcoding. (biorxiv.org)
  • Professor Andrew Millar, of the University of Edinburgh's School of Biological Sciences, who led the modelling study, said: "The 24-hour rhythms of biological clocks affect all living things including plants, animals and people, with wide-ranging effects on sleep, metabolism and immunity. (phys.org)
  • Professor Paloma Mas, of the Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics in Spain, who led the experimental study, said: "The biological clock controls essential processes in plant growth and development, such as flowering and the control of growth by light. (phys.org)
  • The study by Chen and his collaborators to identify the heat-sensing gene was reported this week in the Nature Communications journal. (azocleantech.com)
  • In this study, I specifically focussed on the plant stem cells that produce wood and bast. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • A study from last November showed that all fifteen children with spinal muscular atrophy who were treated with gene therapy-a single injection into the vein-survived the disease. (singularityhub.com)
  • This new study shows that plant-based diets have the potential to improve health by improving blood lipids , "but this is one of many potential mechanisms including impact on blood pressure, weight maintenance, and blood sugars," she added. (medscape.com)
  • We will use genetic tools to knock out genes and study the response of these mutants to touch stimulation in comparison to WT with regards to gene expression, phosphorylation cascades and alteration in growth and development. (lu.se)
  • Mary Rumpho of the University of Maine, is an expert on E. chlorotica and has now discovered how the sea slug gets this ability: it photosynthesises with genes "stolen" from the algae it eats. (sott.net)
  • Its sequence was identical to the algal version, indicating that the slug had probably stolen the gene from its food. (sott.net)
  • This in turn shows how cells deliver and use genes. (eurekalert.org)
  • We are studying a very large family of genes that instruct cells to make a variety of enzymes important in a wide range of plant functions," said Brookhaven biologist Chang-Jun Liu. (bnl.gov)
  • She has known for some time that E. chlorotica acquires chloroplasts - the green cellular objects that allow plant cells to convert sunlight into energy - from the algae it eats, and stores them in the cells that line its gut. (sott.net)
  • One possibility is that, as the algae are processed in the sea slug's gut, the gene is taken into its cells as along with the chloroplasts. (sott.net)
  • Protoxylem, one of the first-formed vascular cells, are vital for early water circulation in the plant. (berkeley.edu)
  • MUTE directs the activity of other genes that tell cells when to divide and not to divide - much like how a conductor tells musicians when to play and when to stay silent. (washington.edu)
  • Like animal stem cells, plant stem cells are a fascinating research object. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • They provide the cells for plant growth and allow many plants to continue growing throughout their lives, thereby producing enormous amounts of plant biomass on this planet. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • Importantly, when ARR7 and ARR15 are mutated, the cell fate decisions of vascular cambium stem cells are altered and more wood cells are produced than in wild type plants. (uni-heidelberg.de)
  • In plants, cell death is a fundamental process, as it plays the roles of controlling the elimination of cells during plant development and defense in the form of hypersensitive response. (essaywriter.org)
  • In 2017, a 44-year-old man became the first person to receive a gene-editing therapy that directly modifies his cells. (singularityhub.com)
  • Trial organizers announced that the first participant had been treated using immune cells with four base-edited genes, equipping the cells to better target and destroy tumors. (cdc.gov)
  • Figure 1: Expression patterns of DRB1 and DRB2 in wild-type plants, and miRNA target expression in drb1 and drb2 . (nature.com)
  • Plants, being sessile, have the ability to dramatically alter their gene expression patterns in response to environmental changes such as temperature, water availability or the presence of deleterious levels of ions. (nih.gov)
  • Therefore, several studies have been conducted with the aim of establishing the best ways through which plant development can be assured, taking into consideration the environmental response and evolutionary patterns of the modern society. (essaywriter.org)