• Monooxygenases involved in oxylipin biosynthesis are members of the cytochrome P450 superfamily and can oxidize double bonds with epoxide formation or saturated carbons forming alcohols. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lipoxygenases (LOX) are key enzymes in the biosynthesis of oxylipins and in particular LOX10 was described as a positive regulator of ISR. (plantae.org)
  • John Ohlrogge at the Plant Biology Department of Michigan State University as a postdoctoral fellow to work on the biosynthesis of the plant lipid polyesters cutin and suberin. (rsc.org)
  • Furthermore, as CoP levels were compromised in the OPDA-treated Osjar1 mutant cells impaired in the oxylipin-amino acid conjugation, putative OPDA-amino acid conjugates emerged as hypothetical regulators of CoP biosynthesis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Enzymatic axidation of alpha-linolenic acid can result in the biosynthesis of cyclic oxylipins of the jasmoate type while free-radical-catalyzed oxidation of alpha-linolenate may yield several classes of cyclic oxylipins termed phytoprostanes in vivo. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Ding L, Peschel G, Hertweck C (2012) Biosynthesis of archetypal plant self-defensive oxylipins by an endophytic fungus residing in mangrove embryos. (leibniz-hki.de)
  • Synthetic biology identifies the minimal gene set required for Paclitaxel biosynthesis in a plant chassis. (mpg.de)
  • Identifying novel metabolites that are involved in stress responses can be difficult because of the immense variety of compounds that are present in a living cell, especially in plants. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we applied three different chemotropic assays to study the chemosensing capacity of T. atroviride toward compounds known or suspected to play a role in the mycoparasite/plant or host/prey fungal interactions and to cover the complete spectrum of T. atroviride developmental stages. (frontiersin.org)
  • Purified compounds, including nutrients, the fungal secondary metabolite 6-amyl-α-pyrone (6-pentyl-α-pyrone, 6-PP) and the plant oxylipin 13-(s)-HODE, as well as culture supernatants derived from fungal preys, including Rhizoctonia solani , Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum , were used to evaluate chemotropic responses of conidial germlings, microcolonies and fully differentiated mycelia. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our results show that germlings respond preferentially to compounds secreted by plant roots and T. atroviride itself than to compounds secreted by prey fungi. (frontiersin.org)
  • With the progression of colony development, host plant cues and self-generated signaling compounds remained the strongest chemoattractants. (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, the morphological alterations of T. atroviride in response to plant host and fungal prey compounds suggest the presence of both positive and negative chemotropism. (frontiersin.org)
  • The lipoxygenase pathway is responsible for the production of oxylipins, which are important compounds for plant defence responses. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) and phytofurans (PhytoFs) are plant oxylipins (isoprostane-prostaglandin-like compounds) formed by the free radical-catalyzed oxidation of α-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3, n-3). (researchgate.net)
  • In this case, cumin seeds produced under saline conditions may function as a potential source of essential oil and antioxidant compounds, which could support the utilization of this plant in a large field of applications such as food industry. (cyberleninka.org)
  • These regio-specific enzymatic reactions between oxygen and polyunsaturated fatty acids formed new compounds, named oxylipins, which are most frequently with the S-configuration (5-HpETE, 12-HpETE or 15-HpETE). (gerli.com)
  • A non-targeted metabolomics approach was used to reconstruct the metabolic pathways for the synthesis of oxylipins, derived from roughanic, linoleic, α-linolenic, and arachidonic acid in wild type, the oxylipin-deficient mutants of Ppaos1 and Ppaos2 , the mutants of Ppdes being deficient in all fatty acids harboring a Δ 6 -double bond and the C20-fatty acid-deficient mutants of Ppelo . (frontiersin.org)
  • Most oxylipins in the body are derived from linoleic acid or alpha-linolenic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Linoleic acid oxylipins are usually present in blood and tissue in higher concentrations than any other PUFA oxylipin, despite the fact that alpha-linolenic acid is more readily metabolized to oxylipin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Linoleic acid oxylipins can be anti-inflammatory, but are more often pro-inflammatory, associated with atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and Alzheimer's disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Centenarians have shown reduced levels of linoleic acid oxylipins in their blood circulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lowering dietary linoleic acid results in fewer linoleic acid oxylipins in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Linoleic acid is an 18 carbon, omega-6 fatty acid that is abundant in many plant oils. (matreya.com)
  • The plant C18 fatty acids, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, can be converted by the enzymes a -dioxygenase, 9- or 13-lipoxygenase, giving rise to a multitude of oxylipins. (gerli.com)
  • As source of oxylipins, linoleic acid (18:2n-6) can be transformed into 9- and 13-derivatives (HODE, hydroxy-octadecadienoic acids). (gerli.com)
  • These fats help decrease the production of oxylipins, which are known to raise blood pressure by tightening the blood vessels. (augustman.com)
  • A major class of oxylipins are the circular derivatives to which 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) and its metabolite jasmonic acid (JA) belong. (frontiersin.org)
  • ISR induction is supposed to depend upon the phytohormones ethylene and jasmonic acid (JA), one of hundreds of oxylipins. (plantae.org)
  • Wound-induced accumulation of the jasmonic acid biosynthetic enzymes may thus commit the lipoxygenase pathway to jasmonic acid production in damaged plants. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Staswick, P. E. & Tiryaki, I. The oxylipin signal jasmonic acid is activated by an enzyme that conjugates it to isoleucine in Arabidopsis . (nature.com)
  • Abstract: The core oxylipins, jasmonic acid (JA) and JA-Ile, are well-known as potent regulators of plant defense against necrotrophic pathogens and/or herbivores. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Transcriptome and Oxylipin Profiling Joint Analysis Reveals Opposite Roles of 9-Oxylipins and Jasmonic Acid in Maize Resistance to Gibberella Stalk Rot. (tamu.edu)
  • Oxylipins Other Than Jasmonic Acid Are Xylem-Resident Signals Regulating Systemic Resistance Induced by Trichoderma virens in Maize. (trichoderma.info)
  • Therefore, we followed the metabolism upon wounding by metabolite fingerprinting with the aim to identify jasmonates as well as novel oxylipins in P. patens . (frontiersin.org)
  • The AtMYB60 transcription factor regulates stomatal opening by modulating oxylipin synthesis in guard cells. (mpg.de)
  • The enzyme Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase (CAD) catalyses the last step of lignin monomer synthesis, and is considered as a molecular marker of cell wall lignification in different plants species. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Oxylipins are derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) by COX enzymes (cyclooxygenases), by LOX enzymes (lipoxygenases), or by cytochrome P450 epoxygenase. (wikipedia.org)
  • A common plant lipoxygenase that oxidizes linoleate and α-linolenate, the two most common polyunsaturated fatty acids in plants, by inserting molecular oxygen at the C 9 position with ( S )-configuration. (enzyme-database.org)
  • Up to 99% of the lipids in plant and animal material consist of such esters, known as fats and oils. (springer.com)
  • a -Hydroxy acids or 2-hydroxy acids are found in plants (chain from 12 up to 24 carbon atoms) and in animal wool waxes, skin lipids and specialized tissues, mainly in brain. (gerli.com)
  • Researchers assessed changes in plasma oxylipins, which are bioactive, oxidized lipids involved in the post-exercise inflammation response, and urinary gut-derived (from the large intestine) phenolics (antioxidants from plants), plasma cytokines, muscle damage biomarkers, mood states, and exercise performance. (almonds.com)
  • Plant oxylipins are a class of lipid-derived signaling molecules being involved in the regulation of various biotic and abiotic stress responses. (frontiersin.org)
  • Conidial germlings proved particularly useful for simple and rapid compound screening, whereas more elaborate microscopic analysis of microcolonies and fully differentiated mycelia was essential to understand process-specific responses, such as plant symbiosis and biocontrol. (frontiersin.org)
  • Jasmonates are a family of plant hormones that regulate plant growth, development and responses to stress. (nature.com)
  • However, this integrated stress response pathway has been shown to be dispensable in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses studied so far 11 , 16 - 18 . (biorxiv.org)
  • The virus-responsive upregulated genes, no longer induced in infected mycorrhizal plants, were mainly involved in defense responses and hormone signaling, while the virus-responsive downregulated genes, no longer repressed in mycorrhizal plants, were involved in primary metabolism. (essex.ac.uk)
  • Editorial: Regulation of alternative splicing in plant stress responses. (tamu.edu)
  • 95. Ramos P., Gundel P., Pollmann S. (2023) Editorial: Molecular and biochemical effects exerted by symbiotic microorganisms on plant responses to environmental stresses. (pollmannlab.com)
  • 88. Ortiz-García P., Pérez-Alonso M.M., González Ortega-Villaizán A., Sánchez-Parra B., Ludwig-Müller J., Wilkinson M.D., Pollmann S. (2022) The indole-3-acetamide-induced Arabidopsis transcription factor MYB74 decreases plant growth and contributes to the control of osmotic stress responses. (pollmannlab.com)
  • 85. Pérez-Alonso M.M., Ortiz-García P., Moya-Cuevas J. , Pollmann S. (2021) Mass spectrometric monitoring of plant hormone crosstalk during biotic stress responses in potato ( Solanum tuberosum L. (pollmannlab.com)
  • 84. Moya-Cuevas J., Pérez-Alonso M.M., Ortiz-García P., Pollmann S. (2021) Beyond the Usual Suspects: Physiological Roles of the Arabidopsis Amidase Signature (AS) Superfamily Members in Plant Growth Processes and Stress Responses. (pollmannlab.com)
  • Ozone pollution compromises plant defense responses to insect herbivory. (arizona.edu)
  • Plant responses to airborne volatiles depend on signal source and specificity. (arizona.edu)
  • Dispensing a Synthetic Green Leaf Volatile to Two Plant Species in a Common Garden Differentially Alters Physiological Responses and Herbivory. (arizona.edu)
  • Plant species-specific responses to an identical volatile cue have important implications for agronomic costs and benefits of volatile-mediated interplant communication under field conditions. (arizona.edu)
  • We used RNA-sequencing approach to identify the global transcriptomic responses to aphid infestation on RTx430, SC265, and SC1345 plants at early time points 6, 24, and 48 h post infestation (hpi) and after extended period of SCA feeding for 7 days. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Plant oxylipins are mainly involved in control of ontogenesis, reproductive processes and in the resistance to various microbial pathogens and other pests. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plant roots communicate with microbes in a sophisticated manner through chemical communication within the rhizosphere, thereby leading to biofilm formation of beneficial microbes and resulting in priming of defence, or induced resistance in the plant host to a wide range of pathogens (induced systemic resistance, ISR). (plantae.org)
  • Trichoderma virens is an agriculturally-relevant root-colonizing fungus that provides its plant hosts many benefits, such as increased growth, destruction of soil-borne pathogens, and enhanced ISR. (plantae.org)
  • Trichoderma atroviride is a mycoparasitic fungus used as biological control agent to protect plants against fungal pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
  • Biocontrol by competition for resources describes the more effective mobilization and absorption of nutrients from the soil by Trichoderma than by fungal plant pathogens inhabiting the same space ( Chet and Inbar, 1994 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. (lookformedical.com)
  • Among them, jasmonates, as well as abscisic and salicylic acids are responsible for triggering and modulating plant reactions targeted against pathogens and herbivores, as well as resistance to abiotic stress (drought, UV-irradiation and mechanical wounding). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Successful biocontrol is based on the perception of signals derived from both the plant symbiont and the fungal prey. (frontiersin.org)
  • Together these findings suggest that chemotropic sensing during germling development is focused on plant association and colony network formation, while fungal prey recognition develops later in mature hyphae of fully differentiated mycelium. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we used a previously characterized metabolic defense marker, p-coumaroylputrescine (CoP), and fungal elicitor, chitooligosaccharide, to specifically test defense role of various oxylipins in rice (Oryza sativa). (elsevierpure.com)
  • Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) is an important cereal crop grown worldwide and specifically in the United States, it was planted on 2.06 million hectares with an annual production of 9.47 million metric tons in 2021 [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Enhanced formation of PPE1, PPA1 and PPB1 is observed after peroxide stress in tobacco cell cultures as well as after infection of tomato plants with a necrotrophic fungus botrytis cinerea. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Here, we investigated the impact of mycorrhization by the fungus Glomus mosseae on the Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) infection of tomato plants by transcriptomic and hormones level analyses. (essex.ac.uk)
  • In TSWV-infected mycorrhizal plants, the AM fungus root colonization limited virus-induced changes in gene expression in the aerial parts. (essex.ac.uk)
  • however also non-enzymatic autoxidative processes contribute to oxylipin formation (phytoprostanes, isoprostanes). (wikipedia.org)
  • One of these classes, the E1-phytoprostanes (PPE1) occur ubiquitously in plants. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Futhermore phytoprostanes are potent inducers of plant defens mechanisms. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
  • Trichoderma asperellum reduces phoxim residue in roots by promoting plant detoxification potential in Solanum lycopersicum L. (trichoderma.info)
  • Induction of isoprenyl diphosphate synthases, plant hormones and defense signalling genes correlates with traumatic resin duct formation in Norway spruce (Picea abies). (mpg.de)
  • Sequence analysis and functional characterization of the promoter of the Picea glauca Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase gene in transgenic white spruce plants. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Phospholipase Dδ is Involved in WoundingInduced Phosphatidic Acid Formation in Arabidopsis[J]. Plant Diversity, 2015, 37(4): 428-438. (kib.ac.cn)
  • Many of oxylipins have physiological significance. (wikipedia.org)
  • The authors particularly focused on the reports discussing the use of Raman spectroscopy in monitoring the physiological status of plants, assessing crop maturity and quality, plant pathology and ripening, and identifying plant species and their varieties. (mdpi.com)
  • However, as with any inducible phenomenon, responding to volatile cues may incur physiological and ecological costs that limit plant productivity. (arizona.edu)
  • 91. Bastias D., Balestrini R., Pollmann S., Gundel P.E. (2022) Environmental interference of plant-microbe interactions. (pollmannlab.com)
  • The omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-derived and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-derived oxylipins are anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory. (wikipedia.org)
  • One member, Dr Carolina Pohl, is an expert in lipid metabolism in yeasts and has been involved in the discovery of the antifungal effect of acetylsalicylic acid - an oxylipin that is a mitochondrial inhibitor and anti-inflammatory compound. (sasm.org.za)
  • Phytohormones are the key metabolites participating in the regulation of multiple functions of plant organism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, there are several secondary metabolites that are synthesized by algae such as terpenoids, oxylipins, phlorotannins, volatile hydrocarbons, and products of mixed biogenetic origin. (mdpi.com)
  • Next, reverse genetic approach and oxylipin-deficient rice mutant (hebiba) were used to uncouple oxylipins from other elicitor-triggered signals. (elsevierpure.com)
  • It appeared that, without oxylipins, residual elicitor signaling had only a minimal effect but, in synergy with OPDA, exerted a strong stimulatory activity towards CoP production. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Oxylipin profiling reveals the preferential stimulation of the 9-lipoxygenase pathway in elicitor-treated potato cells. (mpg.de)
  • Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions®, 24 (12). (essex.ac.uk)
  • Editorial: Oxylipins: The Front Line of Plant Interactions. (tamu.edu)
  • The screening revealed that accumulation of two oxylipins, the JA precursor (12-OPDA) and α-ketol (KODA) correlated with ISR activation in a dose-dependent manner. (plantae.org)
  • Editorial: Amino Acids in Plants: Regulation and Functions in Development and Stress Defense. (tamu.edu)
  • Editorial: Alternative Splicing Regulation in Plants. (tamu.edu)
  • Plant hormones play a key role in the regulation of plant development and response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nature has evolved numerous enzymes which metabolize oxylipins into secondary products, many of which possess strong biological activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Of special importance are the cytochrome P450 enzymes in animals, including CYP5A1 (thromboxane synthase), CYP8A1 (prostacyclin synthase), and the CYP74 family of hydroperoxide-metabolizing enzymes in plants, lower animals and bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • It further beneficially acts on plants by enhancing growth in root and shoot and inducing systemic resistance. (mdpi.com)
  • The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants. (lookformedical.com)
  • In this study, we focused on identifying the defense-related genes that confer resistance to SCA at early and late time points in sorghum plants with varied levels of SCA resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Host plant resistance has proven to be highly economical and eco-friendly long term insect management strategy [ 8 ] that has been broadly used for the management of other sorghum pests such as greenbugs ( Schizaphis graminum ) and corn leaf aphids ( Rhopalosiphum maidis ) [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Processes orchestrated or driven by a plethora of genes, plant hormones, and inherent biological timing mechanisms facilitated by secondary molecules, which result in the systematic transformation of plants and plant parts, from one stage of maturity to another. (lookformedical.com)
  • Gas chromatography (GC) coupled on-line to mass spectrometry (MS) is routinely applied for the simultaneous analysis of multiple hormones in plant tissues [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Understanding of underlying mechanisms is of principle interest for scientists working in various areas of plant biology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These oxylipins have been previously described in an array of plant-based foods with similar concentrations as phenolics in some fruits and vegetables. (researchgate.net)
  • Plants were treated with different concentrations of NaCl treatment: 0, 50, 75, and 125 mmoL. (cyberleninka.org)
  • Oxylipins are widespread in aerobic organisms including plants, animals and fungi. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pohl recently undertook a review of oxylipin mediation of diverse inter-organism communication that leads to beneficial or deleterious interaction: between plants, animals, fungi and bacteria. (sasm.org.za)
  • The idea that AM fungi have coevolved with plants since the past 400 million years, and that their association has helped the conquest of dry terrestrial ecosystems by Embryophyta 87 , is very popular. (rzeszow.pl)
  • However, experimental data supporting the antiquity of AM associations have until recently been limited to fossils and the observation that extant AM fungi colonize basal plant lineages, including hepatics, hornworts and lycopods. (rzeszow.pl)
  • Herbivore-induced plant volatile (HIPV)-mediated eavesdropping by plants is a well-documented, inducible phenomenon that has practical agronomic applications for enhancing plant defense and pest management. (arizona.edu)
  • Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) and pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants were exposed to a persistent, low dose (~10 ng/h) of the green leaf volatile cis-3-hexenyl acetate (z3HAC), which is a HIPV and damage-associated volatile. (arizona.edu)
  • The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development. (lookformedical.com)
  • A plant species of the family SOLANACEAE, native of South America, widely cultivated for their edible, fleshy, usually red fruit. (lookformedical.com)
  • Additionally, it was cross-validated with a well-established GC-MS-based procedure and its applicability to a variety of plant species and organs was verified. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The method can be applied for the analyses of target phytohormones in small tissue samples obtained from any plant species and/or plant part relying on any commercially available (even less sensitive) tandem mass spectrometry instrumentation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some oxylipins have direct antimicrobial properties, whereas others may act as regulators of plant defense. (gerli.com)
  • 92. Rossatto T., Souza G.M., do Amaral M.N., Auler P.A. , Pérez-Alonso M.M. , Pollmann S., Braga E.J.B. (2023) Cross-stress memory: salt priming at vegetative growth stages improves tolerance to drought stress during grain-filling in rice plants. (pollmannlab.com)
  • BPH is a herbivore pest that attacks only on rice plants (monophagous) and usually feeds on vascular sap. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It sucks the phloem sap from leaf sheath of rice plants using a stylet, leading to hopper burn and in most severe cases kills the entire plant during flowering [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BPH can also transmit plant viruses causing additional damage to rice plants [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is found in the xylem of plant tissue. (lookformedical.com)
  • 2-Hydroxytetracosanoic acid ( cerebronic acid ) and 2-hydroxy-15-tetracosenoic acid ( hydroxynervonic acid ) are constituents of the ceramide part of cerebrosides (glycosphingolipides found mainly in nervous tissue and in little amount in plants). (gerli.com)
  • Melanaphis sacchari ) has emerged as a key pest on sorghum in the United States that feeds from the phloem tissue, drains nutrients, and inflicts physical damage to plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Drainage of nutrients from plants after SCA feeding also causes the leaves to turn yellowish, purple, and ultimately brown upon the death of leaf tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING. (lookformedical.com)
  • Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants. (lookformedical.com)
  • A versatile Agrobacterium-based plant transformation system for genetic engineering of diverse citrus cultivars. (tamu.edu)
  • Nonradioactive assay for detecting isoprenyl diphosphate synthase activity in crude plant extracts using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. (mpg.de)
  • However, highly sensitive, precise and high-throughput methods for quantification of these phytohormones in small samples of plant tissues are still missing. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While OPDA and its shorter chain homologue dinor -OPDA (dnOPDA) seem to be ubiquitously found in land plants ranging from bryophytes to angiosperms, the occurrence of JA and its derivatives is still under discussion. (frontiersin.org)
  • In a common garden experiment, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to a single HIPV would decrease herbivore damage at the cost of reduced plant growth and reproduction. (arizona.edu)
  • Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (lookformedical.com)
  • In-depth characterization of Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase TrCel7A produced in Nicotiana benthamiana reveals limitations of cellulase production in plants by host-specific post-translational modifications. (trichoderma.info)
  • Oxylipins have ancient origins as signalling molecules, elements of which are conserved across different kingdoms of life. (sasm.org.za)
  • New immature growth of a plant including stem, leaves, tips of branches, and SEEDLINGS. (lookformedical.com)
  • Plant growth was significantly reduced with the severity of saline treatment. (cyberleninka.org)
  • Growth in fluctuating light buffers plants against photorespiratory perturbations. (mpg.de)
  • Aphids also secrete sugary substance known as honeydew, which allows the growth of sooty mold and results in reduced leaf area for light absorption and photosynthesis in plants, thus declining the photosynthetic efficiency of infested plants. (biomedcentral.com)