Plants for fertilization and plant germ cells plant. Medical search. Frequent questions

The plant life cycle includes an alternation of generations where the plant alternates between the diploid sporophyte stage (two sets of chromosomes) and the haploid gametophyte stage (one set of chromosomes). (sciencing.com)
The haploid no. of chromosomes of male and female gamete fuse in a process of fertilization, giving rise to diploid no. of chromosomes in the fused fertile cell called zygote, which is a precursor to the embryo (offspring). (crackcbse.in)
Cell division in corn growing points including the division of the nuclei by mitosis, in which each of the paired chromosomes are duplicated, resulting in the same genetic codes for each cell. (cornjournal.com)
This single set of 10 chromosomes on hybrid plants represents a random mix of chromosomes from each of the hybrid plant's parents. (cornjournal.com)
As a result, each of these cells with 2 sets of the 10 chromosomes (diploid) before meiosis now contain 4 microspores, each with only 1 set of the 10 chromosomes (monoploid). (cornjournal.com)

It has long been known that in plants, as the male germline pollen grains develop, they give rise to two sperm cells, and a structure called the vegetative nucleus, also known as the "nurse cell" because it provides energy and nourishment to the sperm cells. (sciencedaily.com)
DNA is wrapped into a DNA-protein complex called chromatin in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. (wikipedia.org)
Akaryotic cells do not possess nucleus and reproduce only in the cell of another organism. (notesforshs.com)
Prokaryotic cells do not have a true nucleus. (notesforshs.com)
Eukaryotic cell has nucleus and a complex internal structure with membrane-bounded organelles. (notesforshs.com)
Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, and their genetic material is contained in a single circular chromosome. (shadowpower24.com)
Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus that contains their genetic material, as well as other membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, chloroplasts (in plant cells), the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. (shadowpower24.com)
While prokaryotic cells are simpler and lack a true nucleus, eukaryotic cells are more complex and contain a variety of organelles. (shadowpower24.com)
Although most of a eukaryotic cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus , the mitochondrion has its own genome ("mitogenome") that is substantially similar to bacterial genomes. (wikipedia.org)
Here the nucleus undergoes division after which cytoplasm gets divided and the daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell. (crackcbse.in)
Multiple fission is the type of fission in which the nucleus followed by cytoplasm undergo multiple division, to form daughter cells. (crackcbse.in)
One sperm cell migrates to the egg cell with its monoploid nucleus fusing with the monoploid egg cell nucleus to form a diploid zygote. (cornjournal.com)
The other sperm nucleus enters the central cell, fusing with its two monoploid nuclei forming a triploid endosperm. (cornjournal.com)
The nucleus of the megaspore cell undergoes three successive mitotic divisions resulting in 8 nuclei and a total of 7 cells. (cornjournal.com)
Most important of these is the egg cell with a single monoploid nucleus and a large central cell with 2 monoploid nuclei. (cornjournal.com)
When the nucleus of a stem cell has been the technique of cloning. (who.int)
The con- is removed and replaced by a nucleus of cept of human cloning has long been in the another cell type, the stem cell will then imagination of many scientists, scholars and be reprogrammed to produce the product fiction writers [ 1 ]. (who.int)

Angiosperms are flowering plants with male and female reproductive structures that produce haploid sperm and egg cells via meiosis. (sciencing.com)
A somatic cell is any cell of an organism that is not a reproductive cell. (shadowpower24.com)
Driedonks N, Rieu I & Vriezen WH (2016) Breeding for plant heat tolerance at vegetative and reproductive stages. (ru.nl)
Residential homework aid germ cells are essential for grade survival and reproductive biology. (rojhelat.info)
Reproductive cloning versus germ cell (egg, ovum). (who.int)

From fertilization through gastrulation an animal embryo experiences an exponential increase in cell number and undergoes dramatic reorganization forming specialized germ layers. (sdbcore.org)
During this cycle the host cell undergoes lysis which is the breakdown of the host cell to release new viruses. (notesforshs.com)
The ovule diploid cell undergoes meiosis, initially producing 4 monoploid nuclei but three degenerate, leaving a megaspore cell with one monoploid (haploid) cell. (cornjournal.com)

The maintenance phase often involves a plethora of non-DNA sequence specific chromatin cofactors that set up and maintain chromatin states through cell division and for extended periods of time-sometimes in the absence of the initial transcription factors 3 . (nature.com)
Germ cell chromatin is vastly different from that of other cells. (i-sis.org.uk)

Describe eukaryotic cell structure and functions. (notesforshs.com)
Identify specialized eukaryotic cells and outline their functions. (notesforshs.com)
Scientists define the zygote as a fertilized, diploid, eukaryotic cell that carries an organism's blueprint for continuing the species. (sciencing.com)
The two main types of cells: are prokaryotic and eukaryotic. (shadowpower24.com)
They are smaller and simpler in structure than eukaryotic cells. (shadowpower24.com)
Eukaryotic cells, on the other hand, are more complex and are found in multicellular organisms such as plants and animals. (shadowpower24.com)
Eukaryotic cells are typically larger than prokaryotic cells and have a cytoskeleton that provides support and helps with movement. (shadowpower24.com)
[20] This finding has led to general acceptance of the endosymbiotic hypothesis - that free-living prokaryotic ancestors of modern mitochondria permanently fused with eukaryotic cells in the distant past, evolving such that modern animals, plants, fungi, and other eukaryotes are able to respire to generate cellular energy . (wikipedia.org)

During embryonic development in humans and other mammals, sperm and egg cells are essentially wiped clean of chemical modifications to DNA called epigenetic marks. (sciencedaily.com)
What we did know," says Professor and HHMI-GBMF Investigator Rob Martienssen, Ph.D., of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), "was that epigenetic inheritance -- the inheritance by offspring of chemical "tags" present in parental DNA that modify the expression of genes -- is much more widespread in plants than in animals. (sciencedaily.com)
In new research published online September 20 in the journal Cell , Martienssen and colleagues show that genome reprogramming through these epigenetic mechanisms is guided by small RNAs and is passed on to the next generation. (sciencedaily.com)
In order for epigenetic marks to be heritable, however, they must occur in the gametes in animals, but since plants lack a definitive germline and can propagate, epigenetic marks in any tissue can be heritable. (wikipedia.org)
Fig. 1: Epigenetic mechanisms that maintain cell identities during development and throughout life. (nature.com)
Epigenetic components (for example, Polycomb PRC1/2 and Trithorax group proteins) maintain the 'off' states of certain genes and the 'on' states of others, in a cell-type- and time-specific manner (the bottom panels show three genes, depicted schematically as chromatinized templates, in which transcription is triggered by specific transcription factors and silent or active states are maintained by PRC1/2 or Trithorax proteins, respectively). (nature.com)
Chen Y, Müller F, Rieu I & Winter P (2016) Epigenetic events in plant male germ cell heat stress responses. (ru.nl)

The complex cell signaling pathways of multicellular organisms such as plants and humans can make understanding the mechanisms of this inherited process very difficult. (wikipedia.org)
Baer's discovery provided evidence for the theory of epigenesis, which states that organisms develop gradually from undifferentiated cells. (proprofs.com)
This concept is known as the cell theory, which states that cells are the fundamental units of life and that all living organisms are composed of cells. (proprofs.com)
Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. (notesforshs.com)
Some living organisms are composed of a single cell, therefore referred to as unicellular organism e.g. (notesforshs.com)
1. All organisms are composed of cells. (notesforshs.com)
Viruses are referred to as obligate intracellular parasites that live within the cells of all kinds of organisms. (notesforshs.com)
That is, they infect only certain cells or groups of organisms. (notesforshs.com)
A living cell is the basic unit of life that makes up all living organisms. (shadowpower24.com)
Living cells come in a wide range of sizes and shapes, from tiny bacteria to complex multicellular organisms such as plants and animals. (shadowpower24.com)
Prokaryotic cells are typically found in single-celled organisms such as bacteria and archaea. (shadowpower24.com)
Specialized cells also exist in multicellular organisms, such as muscle cells, nerve cells, and blood cells. (shadowpower24.com)
Specialized cells also exist for specific functions within multicellular organisms. (shadowpower24.com)
It is more common in single celled organisms, some plants and animals. (iitianacademy.com)
The term fertilization can be used for hermaphrodites but not for parthenogenetic organisms. (iitianacademy.com)
Some cells in some multicellular organisms lack mitochondria (for example, mature mammalian red blood cells ). (wikipedia.org)
Binary fission is the most basic of the asexual reproduction by which the organisms split into two equal sized daughter cells by mitosis. (crackcbse.in)
Some tiny organisms, such as bacteria and yeast, the main work at home help the famous cell homework help Romans to be made up of a single cell. (rojhelat.info)
Unicellular for those cells that are derived from human organisms are primed to replicate (clone) pre-embryos, which seem to have a high themselves by nature. (who.int)

In this group, the gametophyte (haploid) generation does not occur as an independent plant (as in ferns). (tripod.com)
Inside the cone, diploid microsporocytes in the male cones and megaspores in female cones undergo meiosis to form haploid cells . (sciencing.com)
Fertilization occurs when the haploid male gametophytes (pollen) lands on a female cone and slowly grows toward the female gametophyte. (sciencing.com)
Diploid germ cells divide by meiosis to create haploid gametes containing half as much genetic material as the parent plant. (sciencing.com)
Sporophytes make haploid spores that mature into an entirely new plant. (sciencing.com)
The process of germ cell development in plants, from the primordial PLANT GERM CELLS to the mature haploid PLANT GAMETES. (bvsalud.org)

Ovum is the largest cell present in human body. (assignmentsbag.com)
HN - 2008 BX - Von Ebner's Glands MH - Cumulus Cells UI - D054885 MN - A05.360.319.114.630.535.200.500 MN - A06.407.312.497.535.300.500 MN - A11.436.300.500 MS - The granulosa cells of the cumulus oophorus which surround the OVUM in the GRAAFIAN FOLLICLE. (bvsalud.org)

Pollen is the male germ cells produced by all flowering plants for fertilization and plant embryo formation. (backyardbeekeepers.com)
The sporophyte embryo is contained in a seed which is dispersed from the plant. (tripod.com)
After fertilization in conifers, the zygote develops into an embryo. (sciencing.com)

Starting from the zygotic genome, stage- and cell-type-specific transcription factors initiate regulatory cascades that induce cell differentiation. (nature.com)
After fertilization, the sperm genome is rapidly stripped of protamines and most, but not all histones. (i-sis.org.uk)

Biologists have long sought to understand how a fertilized egg can form an organism composed of hundreds of specialized cell types, each expressing a defined set of genes. (nature.com)
A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of an organism. (notesforshs.com)
The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism , tissue , and cell type. (wikipedia.org)
Every organism or living thing that helps the Las Vegas library work consists of structures called cells. (rojhelat.info)

Both types of vascular plants produce male and female gametes that can fuse to form a zygote under the right conditions, such as the availability of water for sperm motility. (sciencing.com)

Vegetative propagation is a method of asexual reproduction in plants in which the parts other than seeds are used as propagules. (assignmentsbag.com)
It is a type of asexual reproduction observed in plants, in which new plant can arise from a part of the parent plant or out of a specialized region. (crackcbse.in)

Mitochondria were acquired when aerobic Eubacteria were engulfed by anaerobic host cells. (tripod.com)
[1] pl. mitochondria ) is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes , such as animals , plants and fungi . (wikipedia.org)
Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy . (wikipedia.org)
In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling , cellular differentiation , and cell death , as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth . (wikipedia.org)
A mature red blood cell has no mitochondria, [17] whereas a liver cell can have more than 2000. (wikipedia.org)

The products of meiosis in the male and female flowers of the corn plant are ready for action after the flowers are extended with anthers dangling on the top of plant and silks extending from the ear shoot mid-way up the plant. (cornjournal.com)
Within these immature anthers are hundreds of microspore mother cells in which meiosis occurs. (cornjournal.com)
Cell division and cell cycle: Mitosis and meiosis, their regulation, steps in cell cycle, and control of cell cycle. (pathfinderacademy.in)

Cold Spring Harbor, NY -- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (CSHLP) announced the release of The Digital Cell: Cell Biology as a Data Science, available on its website in hardcover format. (cshlpress.com)
The following instrument will test your knowledge of basic cell biology which began with the discovery of the cell by Robert Hooke in 1665. (proprofs.com)
Virchow's observation was a significant contribution to our understanding of cell biology and has been supported by numerous experiments and observations since then. (proprofs.com)
It is a very important cell homework help branch of biology, because the cell is the basic unit of life. (rojhelat.info)
Cell Biology Homework Help Cell is a basic unit of life. (rojhelat.info)
Therefore, studying cell biology provides insight into the process performed by individual cells or cells in cell homework help groups. (rojhelat.info)
Battle of Britain Resources for Homework Help for Cell Biology Help. (rojhelat.info)
One of the greatest controversies triggered tissue, a stem cell encoding for heart tissue by the rapid pace of evolution in biology, will eventually develop into heart tissue particularly in genomics and biotechnology, and so on. (who.int)

Living cells are capable of carrying out metabolic processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, and protein synthesis, and they can respond to changes in their environment through signaling pathways. (shadowpower24.com)
Cell signaling: Hormones and their receptors, cell surface receptor, signaling through G-protein coupled receptors, signal transduction pathways, second messengers, regulation of signaling pathways, bacterial and plant two-component signaling systems, bacterial chemotaxis and quorum sensing. (pathfinderacademy.in)

Similarly, between fertilization and seed formation, plants undergo numerous cell divisions and differentiation to form specialized tissue layers. (sdbcore.org)

What is a Somatic cell? (shadowpower24.com)
This cell then has therapeutic cloning: the global the capacity to divide and grow into an exact replica of the original from whom the debate somatic cell was taken. (who.int)

Prokaryotic cells also have a cell wall that provides protection and support and may have pili or flagella for movement. (shadowpower24.com)

For plants, the term vegetative phase is used. (iitianacademy.com)

The bees then carry their honey back to the hive where they put it into a cell on the hive wall and flutter their wings to reduce the honey's moisture content making it a thick viscous honey we're used to. (grimesapiary.com)

the phage attaches to cell membrane of host. (notesforshs.com)
viral enzymes destroy the host cell membrane releasing new viruses. (notesforshs.com)
They have a cell membrane that separates the cell's interior from the external environment and controls the movement of molecules in and out of the cell. (shadowpower24.com)

Plant cell homework help cells contain at least seventeen organelles: ribosome, Golgi vesicle, smooth endoplasmic reticulum. (rojhelat.info)

Soon after fertilization, the vast majority of methylcytosine in sperm is converted by the Tet3 enzyme to hydroxymethylcytosine that gets lost by dilution during replication, effectively erasing cytosine methylation patterns except for a subset that is maintained, including those of some imprinted genes. (i-sis.org.uk)
When a cell reproduces, DNA replication occurs which forms two similar copies of DNA. (assignmentsbag.com)
However, it appears that the ability of the In its simplest form, cloning is defined stem cells to transform is limited, except as the exact replication of cells. (who.int)

Altered epigenomes can lead to changes in programmed cell differentiation or, when accidental, to disease (bottom right). (nature.com)

Some species can self-pollinate but most plants exchange genetic material to increase variance and diversity within the population. (sciencing.com)
Gymnosperms are vascular, nonflowering plant species dating back to the days of the dinosaur. (sciencing.com)

Probing further into the set of modifications on the DNA in plant pollen grains, Martienssen and colleagues decided to look at the particular set of chemical marks called methyl groups. (sciencedaily.com)
Because pollen is collected on the honey bees' legs when they extract nectar from the plant, the honey is only as diverse as those plants. (grimesapiary.com)
Pollen will germinate when moistened by growing a germ tube. (cornjournal.com)
Pollen landing on the silk hairs (trichomes) produce enzymes that allow penetration of the germ tube into the silk. (cornjournal.com)
Although several pollen grain may initially penetrate the silk only one usually is allowed to reach the ovule, as the silk channel basically collapses as the germ tube progresses. (cornjournal.com)
Pollen grain penetration of a silk occurs within 5 minutes but germ tube growth to the ovule may require 40-60 minutes. (cornjournal.com)
Thus, just as with pollen, there is a minimum of 1028 different sets of genetics among the ovules on a single plant. (cornjournal.com)
Two of the other cells (called synergid cells) adjacent to the egg cell apparently produce attractants to guide the pollen tube to the egg cell. (cornjournal.com)

In mammals, it occurs in CpG dinucleotides, whereas in plants non-CpG cytosines can also be methylated [6]. (i-sis.org.uk)

Chloroplasts (photosynthesis) in green plants and algae originated as free living bacteria related to the cyanobacteria [the chloroplastic DNA is more similar to free-living Cyanobacteria DNA than to sequences from the plants the chloroplasts reside in]. (tripod.com)
Leeuwenhoek made his own microscopes and used them to observe various samples, including bacteria, sperm cells, and red blood cells. (proprofs.com)
Host parasite interaction: Recognition and entry processes of different pathogens like bacteria, viruses into animal and plant host cells, alteration of host cell behavior by pathogens, virus-induced cell transformation, pathogen-induced diseases in animals and plants, cell-cell fusion in both normal and abnormal cells. (pathfinderacademy.in)

Martienssen speculates that the loss of methylation in the sperm and subsequent re-methylation during fertilization may reflect an ancient mechanism for transposon recognition and silencing. (sciencedaily.com)
A second important observation made by the team was of the loss of methylation in "nurse cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Methylation at these same sites is retained in the associated sperm cells, and, too, is associated with accumulation of 24 nucleotide siRNA. (sciencedaily.com)

Robert Hooke is the correct answer because he was the scientist who observed cork cells through a basic microscope. (proprofs.com)
The cell was discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665, when he observed thin sections of bottle cork under an early light microscope. (notesforshs.com)

When an egg is fertilized, it becomes a diploid zygote that matures into a sporophyte on the gametophyte plant. (sciencing.com)

The different types include Cutting, such as in stem (rose), leaves (bryophyllum), roots (apple, lemon, tamarind) and placed in a suitable medium to grow into a new plant. (crackcbse.in)
Help cell homework help with homework on stem cells. (rojhelat.info)
The have been applied to both the plant and ani- stem cells possess pluripotential charac- mal kingdoms without even stirring a ripple teristics, and can differentiate into various of concern in international conscience [ 2 ]. (who.int)
The stem cells suits human needs, does not cause harm and can be obtained from both adult and fetal does not conflict with religious beliefs, it has tissues, umbilical cord and early embryos. (who.int)

Animal cells lack a cell wall and have centrioles, while plant cells have a cell wall made of cellulose and contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis. (shadowpower24.com)

2. Tracheophyta (vascular plants, higher plants): This group consists of plants that have a vascular system, i.e., xylem and phloem (water/mineral and food-conducting tissues, respectively). (tripod.com)

The cell cell homework help begins to divide too cell homework help often and forms a tumor. (rojhelat.info)

The sperm head contains special enzymes that help the housework to house the Victorian and penetrate the egg during fertilization. (rojhelat.info)

1. Bryophyta (non-vascular plants, lower plants): They lack a vascular system for the internal conduction of water, minerals and food (lower plants), and depend on direct contact with surface water. (tripod.com)
Vascular plants first appeared in Silurian (439-409 Mya). (tripod.com)
The plant kingdom includes simple nonvascular plants and complex vascular plants that have specialized vessels for transporting food, water and gasses. (sciencing.com)
Seed-bearing vascular plants include the broad categories of angiosperms and the gymnosperms . (sciencing.com)

How many organelles are there in a plant cell? (rojhelat.info)

What Does a Zygote in Plants Develop Into? (sciencing.com)
Both nonflowering and flowering plants come into this world as a single-celled zygote. (sciencing.com)
Fertilization results in a zygote that develops into embryonic seed while protected inside the female pinecone. (sciencing.com)
Egg cells are large and contain plenty of nutrientrich cytoplasm that will help nourish the growing housework that helps the zygote after. (rojhelat.info)

The familiar leafy plant of Bryophytes is the sexual, gamete-producing (gametophyte) generation of their life cycle. (tripod.com)
Non-vascular seedless plants (Bryophytes) were the first plants to live on land. (sciencing.com)

December 17, 2020 - New research from the University of Oxford shows that plant mutation rates accelerate with increasing environmental temperatures. (cshlpress.com)

Plant cells also have a large central vacuole that helps regulate the cell's water content and provide structural support. (shadowpower24.com)
Structural studies of cell transition in pathogenesis of mycobacterial diseases. (icmr.nic.in)

This paper outlines the debates prompted through a reproduction mechanism involv- by progress in cloning research, with special ing male and female germ cells. (who.int)

What Part of the Plant Makes Seeds? (sciencing.com)
This method is widely used in plants where sexual reproduction or seeds are not available and the process is easier and cheaper compared to the traditional propagation of plants. (crackcbse.in)

For instance, in the fern life cycle , the tall leafy fronds seen growing in the woods are sporophytes and small heart-shaped plant structures are the fern gametophytes. (sciencing.com)
Living cells are composed of a variety of molecules, including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, which work together to form specialized structures and perform specific functions. (shadowpower24.com)

tobacco mosaic virus infects only plants and rabies infects only mammals. (notesforshs.com)

Intriguingly, gas plasma technology was recently unraveled to have an immunological dimension by inducing immunogenic cell death, which could ultimately promote existing cancer immunotherapies via in situ or autologous tumor vaccine schemes. (bvsalud.org)

check the tag ADOLESCENCE HN - 2008 BX - Nutrition in Adolescence FX - Adolescent Nutrition Physiology MH - Peritoneal Stomata UI - D054048 MN - A01.047.025.600.700 MN - A10.810 MS - Natural openings in the subdiaphragmatic lymphatic plexus in the PERITONEUM, delimited by adjacent mesothelial cells. (bvsalud.org)

A parent cell divides into two equal parent cells after replicating genetic material. (iitianacademy.com)
First, genetic material gets duplicated so that each daughter cells will receive an equal amount of genetic material. (iitianacademy.com)
The duplication of genetic material is followed by division of cell into two daughter cells. (iitianacademy.com)
It is widely used by horticulturists to obtain variety in the yield as compared to the native plant and further clone it since the genetic material remains unchanged. (crackcbse.in)

Budding is a process where in small buds arise from the parent cell, by the process of mitosis. (crackcbse.in)

There are also differences between animal and plant cells. (shadowpower24.com)

All land plants evolved from the green algae or Chlorophyta. (tripod.com)

Fruits entice birds and animals to eat the seed and disperse it away from the parent plant, which encourages plant reproduction. (sciencing.com)
Large plants and animals have many billions of cells. (rojhelat.info)

Alejandro Perez N & Peters Jl (2016) Epigenetics - An emerging tool in plant science. (ru.nl)

Rudolf Virchow, a German physician, observed that all cells arise from pre-existing cells. (proprofs.com)
Regeneration of a plant occur by shoots that arise from an existing root system . (iitianacademy.com)

In other words, it is any cell that is not involved in sexual reproduction. (shadowpower24.com)

Tracheophyte leafy plants are the asexual, spore-producing, diploid (sporophyte) generation of their life cycle. (tripod.com)
The cell can enter the phases of the cell cycle in any order. (rojhelat.info)
Cells stay in homework help apps to release a phase of the cell cycle for the rest of their existence. (rojhelat.info)

2. A cell is the smallest unit of living matter. (notesforshs.com)
The cell is cell homework help the smallest unit with the basic properties of life. (rojhelat.info)

This discovery was significant in the development of cell theory and our understanding of the microscopic world. (proprofs.com)

Anatomy31

Organisms11

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Phenomena and Processes26

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Organisms19

Haploid6

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Genome2

Organism4

Gametes1

Asexual reproduction2

Mitochondria5

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Pollen8

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Stem4

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20161

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