Plants cytokinins. Medical search. Frequent questions

Growth in plants is regulated by a variety of plant hormones, including auxins , gibberellins , cytokinins , and growth inhibitors, primarily abscisic acid and ethylene . (britannica.com)
Phytohormones such as cytokinins, abscisic acid (ABA) and auxins play a vital role in plant development and regulatory processes. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Plant nurseries use abscisic acid to keep plants dormant during shipping. (dummies.com)
Although the involvement of some plant hormones (abscisic acid, ethylene and jasmonic acid) in the regulation of wound-induced suberization has been determined, quantitative information on the remaining classical plant hormones (cytokinin, auxin and gibberellin content) in resting and wound-responding potato tuber is lacking. (usda.gov)
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a role in stresses that alter plant water status and may also regulate root gravitropism and hydrotropism. (nature.com)

To study cytokinin biosynthesis, we characterized a temperature-sensitive cytokinin-overproducing mutant, oveST25, of the moss Physcomitrella patens with respect to changes in cytokinin content during thermal induction in comparison to wild type. (cas.cz)
A wild-type transgenic line with cytokinin deficiency due to heterologous cytokinin oxidase/ dehydrogenase overexpression (AtCKX2) also exhibited enhanced PpIPT1 expression levels, indicating that cytokinin deficiency might upregulate tRNA-mediated cytokinin biosynthesis. (cas.cz)
The evidence that the tRNA-mediated pathway might be mainly responsible for biosynthesis of isoprenoid cytokinins in Physcomitrella is strongly supported by the recent release of the Physcomitrella genomic sequence where only tRNA-IPTs but no adenylate- IPTs are present. (cas.cz)
A survey of agricultural technologies influencing the biosynthesis and accumulation of phenolic compounds in crop plants is presented, including observations on the effects of light, temperature, mineral nutrition, water management, grafting, elevated atmospheric CO 2 , growth and differentiation of the plant and application of elicitors, stimulating agents and plant activators. (mdpi.com)
The operon for cytokinin biosynthesis of Erwinia herbicola pv. (agri.gov.il)
The operon for cytokinin biosynthesis in the gall-forming bacterium Erwinia herbicola pv. (agri.gov.il)
The genes involved in cytokinin biosynthesis in Erwinia herbicola pv. (agri.gov.il)
Wound-induced activation of cytokinin biosynthesis was suggested by the appearance of precursors (trans) zeatin riboside and (cis) zeatin riboside (t-ZR and c-ZR respectively) at 0.5 d and large increases in IPA and c-ZR by 3 d and throughout 7 d after wounding. (usda.gov)

Unchanged red light sensitivity of mutant hypocotyl elongation suggests that previously reported modulation of red light signaling by A-type response regulators may not depend on cytokinin. (nih.gov)
3) It used to be widely used in agriculture, horticulture and fruits as plant growth regulators with cytokinin activity.Compounded with others:to be mixed with other pesticides,fertilizer to increase their effects. (plant-growthregulators.com)
These are usually telltale signs that the cannabis may have been grown using plant growth regulators (PGRs) . (hightimes.com)
To begin defining exactly what plant growth regulators are we need to understand plant hormones, also known as phytohormones. (hightimes.com)
To achieve higher quality traits at ripening, grapevine producers apply different plant growth regulators. (cgiar.org)
Besides the long-standing role of cytokinins (CKs) as growth regulators, their current positioning at the interface of development and stress responses is coming into recognition. (frontiersin.org)

Other auxin-like compounds are used as selective weed killers (e.g., to disturb the leaf growth of dicotyledonous plants either in fields containing monocotyledonous cereal crops or on lawns) and as agents that remove leaves from dicotyledonous plants (defoliating agents). (britannica.com)
If light is uneven, then auxin moves toward the darker side of the plant. (dummies.com)
Sustained bud activity appears to depend on the establishment of the export of a third hormone, auxin, from the bud into the main stem, where it joins the polar auxin transport stream down the plant to the roots. (europa.eu)

Gibberellins are named after the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi , which produces excessive growth and poor yield in rice plants. (britannica.com)
Evidence suggests that gibberellins promote the growth of main stems , especially when applied to the whole plant. (britannica.com)
Gibberellins promote the growth of dwarf peas and are involved in the bolting (elongation) of rosette plants such as the carrot . (britannica.com)
Roots also produce growth substances such as cytokinins and gibberellins that are transported to the shoots to control shoot growth. (goodfruit.com)

talks.cam : Does the wheat orthologue of the rice cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase 2 (OsCKX2) regulate grain yield in hexaploid wheat? (cam.ac.uk)

Plant hormones are natural to the plant kingdom and similarly to animal hormones, play major roles in a plants growth and development. (hightimes.com)
It is traditionally accepted that there are 5 major classes of natural plant hormones (endogenous) that play key roles in a plants life cycle. (hightimes.com)
In response to the signal transduction pathway (initiated by the presence of plant hormones or PGRs), repressor proteins for example are then broken down and the "stop breaks" are removed. (hightimes.com)
Plant hormones control many of the plant behaviors you're used to seeing, such as the ripening of fruit, the growth of shoots upward and roots downward, the growth of plants toward the light, the dropping of leaves in the fall, and the growth and flowering of plants at particular times of the year. (dummies.com)
Cytokinins are a group of plant hormones that are essential for plant development, but little is known about how a plant maintains the proper level of cytokinins necessary for normal plant growth. (usda.gov)
The hormones include strigolactones (SLs) and cytokinins (CKs), which are made throughout the plant and move upward from root to shoot. (europa.eu)
The ability to hasten wound-healing processes through manipulation of these regulatory plant hormones has great potential to improve economic and nutritional issues for the industry and consumers. (usda.gov)

We used loss-of-function mutants to study three Arabidopsis thaliana sensor histidine kinases, AHK2, AHK3, and CRE1/AHK4, known to be cytokinin receptors. (nih.gov)
The EnCoDe project used the model plant Arabidopsis to elucidate how this process is regulated and to understand its significance in natural populations. (europa.eu)

The distribution of auxins, which promote the lengthwise growth of plants, is correlated with the distribution of the growth regions of the plant. (britannica.com)
In addition to promoting normal growth in plant length, auxins influence the growth of stems toward the light ( phototropism ) and against the force of gravity ( geotropism ). (britannica.com)
In experimental conditions, auxins tend to inhibit the progress of plant aging, perhaps because of their stimulating effect upon protein synthesis. (britannica.com)
Cytonins are powerful plant growth triggers on their own, and when combined with the auxins in the amino acids, they will stimulate seed germination and overall plant growth. (arbico-organics.com)

The hormone affects plants by its action on chemical bonds of carbohydrates comprising plant cell walls. (britannica.com)
Cell signaling in plant development usually involves a receptor (i.e. for a hormone or light molecule) and a signal transduction pathway, which concludes with a cellular response that is relevant to the plants development. (hightimes.com)
A common mechanism for plant hormone action is the breakdown or activation of DNA transcription proteins. (hightimes.com)
Product Description: Cytokinin Plant Growth Regulator Cytokinin Plant Growth Regulator is a plant hormone that helps to enlarge grape size and promote plant growth. (hardware-wholesale.com)
Histidine-containing phosphotransfer proteins (HPts) take part in hormone signal transduction in higher plants. (rcsb.org)
Graduate Student Takema Sasaki and Professor Masayoshi Kawaguchi of the National Institute for Basic Biology, a member institute of the National Institutes of Natural Sciences, in collaboration with RIKEN, have shown that cytokinins, a kind of plant hormone, play an important role in preserving proper root nodule numbers using the model plant Lotus japonicus . (nibb.ac.jp)
Controlling the content of the plant hormone cytokinin is a method of improving plant productivity. (rcsb.org)
Salicylic acid, a plant defense hormone, is specifically secreted by a molluscan herbivore. (mpg.de)

Other names in common use include uridine diphosphoglucose-zeatin 7-glucosyltransferase, and cytokinin 7-glucosyltransferase. (wikipedia.org)
Zeatin is a cytokinin derived from adenine, which occurs in the form of a cis- and a trans-isomer and conjugates. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Zeatin and its derivatives occur in many plant extracts and are the active ingredient in coconut milk, which causes plant growth. (wikipedia.org)
The analysis of cytokinins from whole-culture extracts of wild type revealed 56% of iP-type, 32% of cZ-type, and 11% of trans-zeatin (tZ)-type forms. (cas.cz)
This poster describes changes in plant growth and development in corn caused by altering the metabolism of zeatin. (usda.gov)
These results suggest that increased O-glycosylation of zeatin leads to complex changes in plant development and cytokinin composition. (usda.gov)

Their role within the plant is a focus for much research, with studies using recent advances in mass spectrometry performance allowing the quantification of low levels of phytohormones extracted from plant tissues. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Here, a new approach is presented for the extraction of a range of phytohormones from plant growth media (soil and hydroponic solution), their identification using high mass accuracy mass spectrometry and subsequent quantification using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). (whiterose.ac.uk)
We describe here a new reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection method for quantifying intact cytokinin nucleotides in human K-562 leukemia cells. (cas.cz)
Tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify the intracellular metabolites (cytokinin monophosphorylated, diphosphorylated, and triphosphorylated nucleotides) in riboside-treated cells. (cas.cz)

Transgenic plants were shorter, with higher leaf chlorophyll contents and delayed senescence. (usda.gov)

Cytokinins are compounds derived from a nitrogen-containing compound ( adenine ). (britannica.com)

Elongation of rosette plants occurs after exposure to certain environmental stimulation (e.g., cold, or long periods of daylight), which is accompanied by an increase in the gibberellin content of the affected plant. (britannica.com)

Another challenge to using transgenic plant technology in citrus is the long juvenile phase of immature tissues that ranges from 5 to 20 years, which greatly delays analysis of the effects of candidate genes. (springer.com)

1) CPPU is as a plant growth regulator widely used in agriculture,horticulture and fruits to in crease size of fruits,e.g.kiwi fruit and table grape,to promote cell division,to improve the quality of fruits and to increase yields. (plant-growthregulators.com)
it has a mild stimulation to rabbits'eyes and skin.t can increase their effect.Forchlorfenuron (CPPU, KT-30) is a plant growth regulator used in agriculture and horticulture to increase fruit size of fruits, e.g. kiwi fruit and table grapes to promote cell division, to improve the quality of fruits and to increase yields. (plant-growthregulators.com)
The synthetic cytokinin forchlorfenuron N-(2-chloro-4-pyridinyl)-N'-phenylurea (CPPU) is widely used, its effect on grape quality is poorly understood. (cgiar.org)

While no effective HLB control methods or HLB resistance citrus cultivars have been commercialized, transgenic plant technologies have been recognized as a powerful tool to control the HLB disease. (springer.com)
On the other hand, transgenic plants produced from mature tissue via genetic transformation can drastically shorten flowering and fruiting time and thus speed up field evaluation studies. (springer.com)

In enzymology, a cytokinin 7-β-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.118) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP-glucose + N6-alkylaminopurine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } UDP + N6-alkylaminopurine-7-β-D-glucoside Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are UDP-glucose and N6-alkylaminopurine, whereas its two products are UDP and N6-alkylaminopurine-7-β-D-glucoside. (wikipedia.org)
They are feedback mechanisms that allow plants to respond to environmental and chemical changes. (hightimes.com)
Chemical characterization is necessary to determine whether or not a particular parameter or element exceeds an optimum value, thus suggesting a potential chemical problem for plant growth. (cdc.gov)
The establishment and growth of plants on mine soils and wastes often are limited by a physical effect rather than a chemical imbalance. (cdc.gov)
Although the chemical and physical properties of mine soils and wastes are important in determining initial plant establishment and growth, biological factors are essential for the successful maintenance of soil fertility and the evolution of a stable plant system. (cdc.gov)

Cytokinins (CKs) are one class of important phytohormones widely investigated in most aspects of plant life. (unboundmedicine.com)

Genetic analysis indicated a cytokinin-dependent endospermal and/or maternal control of embryo size. (nih.gov)
Outlines are given for genetic engineering and plant breeding. (mdpi.com)
Genetic diversity of Amaranth by using biotechnology and plant breeding. (unl.edu)
One understudied opportunity is using feral crops-plants that have escaped and persisted without cultivation-as a source of genetic diversity, which could build resilience in domesticated conspecifics. (weizmann.ac.il)

The ability to detect phytohormones in matrices other than plant tissue presents the opportunity to study further the influence of factors such as below ground organisms and soil bacteria on phytohormone production. (whiterose.ac.uk)
This experiment and its outcomes demonstrate the value of studying phytohormones outside plant tissue, and the potential value of further research in this area. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Role of phytohormones in insect-specific plant reactions. (mpg.de)

This result supports a negative regulatory role for cytokinin in root growth regulation. (nih.gov)
We suggest that the development of this response mechanism in motile algae may have been an important step in the evolution of terrestrial plants and that its retention therein strongly implicates ABA in the regulation of their relevant tropisms. (nature.com)

Changes in cytokinins are sufficient to alter developmental patterns of defense metabolites in Nicotiana attenuata. (mpg.de)

Leaves of ahk2 ahk3 mutants formed fewer cells, had reduced chlorophyll content, and lacked the cytokinin-dependent inhibition of dark-induced chlorophyll loss, indicating a prominent role of AHK2 and, particularly, AHK3 in the control of leaf development. (nih.gov)
The foliar nutrients enter the plant through the leaf stomata, leaf cuticle, and hydrophilic pores in the leaf cuticle (not just through leaf stomata). (constantcontact.com)
A similar induction was also observed when the bacteria were applied to the leaf surface of these plants. (agri.gov.il)
In other unifoliates, the original leaf may die, but one or two new leaves will sprout from it, and the plant continues to grow. (wikipedia.org)

2023) Plants People Planet. (weizmann.ac.il)
Plant J. (2023) Epub ahead of print. (ipk-gatersleben.de)
Plant Cell 35 (2023) 1984-2005. (ipk-gatersleben.de)

Soil microorganisms are responsible for the decomposition of plant litter, the mineralization of essential plant nutrients, nutrient cycling, the accumulation of organic matter, and beneficial changes in the physical characteristics of soil. (cdc.gov)

It promotes growth of lateral buds and when sprayed on meristems stimulates cell division to produce bushier plants. (wikipedia.org)
The foliar application stimulates the entire "pumping system" in the plant to increase the uptake of the base (soil) applied nutrition. (constantcontact.com)
In a growth cycle, root cytokinin stimulates terminal buds and use of stored carbohydrates and nutrients. (goodfruit.com)
A Seaweed Extract That Stimulates Plant Growth. (arbico-organics.com)

Constraints and possible physiological feedbacks are considered for successful and sustainable application of agricultural techniques with respect to management of plant phenol profiles and concentrations. (mdpi.com)
Cytokinin concentrations and CHASE-DOMAIN CONTAINING HIS KINASE 2 (NaCHK2)- and NaCHK3-mediated perception modulate herbivory-induced defense signaling and defenses in Nicotiana attenuata. (mpg.de)

Plants make extensive use of signal transduction pathways throughout their life. (hightimes.com)

Our findings reveal that modulation of cytokinin levels via CKX inhibition can positively affect plant growth, development and yield, and prove that CKX inhibitors can be an attractive target in plant biotechnology and agriculture. (rcsb.org)

It demonstrated phosphorylation by the intracellular kinase domain of the cytokinin receptor MtCRE1. (rcsb.org)

Increased cytokinin content of receptor mutants indicates a homeostatic control of steady state cytokinin levels through signaling. (nih.gov)
Together, the analyses reveal partially redundant functions of the cytokinin receptors and prominent roles for the AHK2/AHK3 receptor combination in quantitative control of organ growth in plants, with opposite regulatory functions in roots and shoots. (nih.gov)

ABA loss of function mutants exhibit pleiotropic phenotypes and simply applying ABA to plants induces an immediate stress response. (nature.com)

To investigate the relevance of tRNA for cytokinin production in Physcomitrella, we determined cytokinins in tissue and culture medium as well as in tRNA hydrolysates. (cas.cz)
Although these compounds do not possess intrinsic cytokinin activity, we have demonstrated their tremendous potential for use in the plant tissue culture industry as well as in agriculture. (rcsb.org)

The active jasmonate JA-Ile regulates a specific subset of plant jasmonate-mediated resistance to herbivores in nature. (mpg.de)

Two main fields of interest form the background of actual demand for optimized levels of phenolic compounds in crop plants. (mdpi.com)

Responses to abiotic and biotic stresses - from the cellular level to fruit development - contributions of the Czech Centre for Experimental Plant Biology. (muni.cz)
Plant responses to ambient temperature fluctuations and water-limiting conditions: a proteome-wide perspective. (muni.cz)
We construct intricate molecular networks that serve as the game engines, driving the complex interactions that govern plant life and responses to environmental challenges. (ipk-gatersleben.de)
ABA also exists in the aquatic algal progenitors of land plants, but other than its involvement in stress responses, its physiological role in these microorganisms remains elusive. (nature.com)
In terrestrial plants ABA plays a role in seed dormancy and germination, stomatal movements and in other responses to numerous stresses that alter their water status 6 . (nature.com)
2021) A genome-wide association study unravels cytokinin as a major component in the root defense responses against Ralstonia solanacearum. (oeaw.ac.at)

Within the complexity of multicellular, multi-organ, terrestrial plants it has proved difficult experimentally to isolate the many potential roles of ABA away from its major stress-related role in preventing water loss. (nature.com)
Thus, properly defining a role for ABA in a photosynthetic progenitor of land plants where water stress is not normally an issue, the green algae may give valuable insight into its other roles. (nature.com)

Yield, stay green and cytokinin relationships in maize. (unl.edu)

7. Being an effective plant growth regulator , it helps to increase plant growth , induce root and shoot growth , and improve plant disease resistance. (slimtheme.com)
These are human health and plant resistance to pathogens and to biotic and abiotic stress factors. (mdpi.com)

Two major research thrusts in the lab are to determine plant mechanisms that (i) dictate the development of symbiotic root nodules and (ii) recruit beneficial microbes. (sdstate.edu)
We are proud to be part of this center and lead efforts on infrastructure development for plant imaging and informatics. (sdstate.edu)
Plants show remarkable flexibility in their development, allowing them to adjust their form to suit the environmental conditions in which they are growing. (europa.eu)
This course contains complete '' Plant Growth and Development ''' syllabus by MB Mam for preparation of CBSE and various board exams. (etoosindia.com)
For security and stability: SGT1 in plant defense and development. (mpg.de)
Background: Mining-related waste materials are characterized to determine if they are suitable for sustaining plant growth and development. (cdc.gov)

The plants create symbiotic organs called nodules in their roots. (nibb.ac.jp)
So carbon passes not only from the shoot to the roots, but out of the plant to a totally different organism. (open.edu)
Mycorrhizae literally means "fungus-root" and is used to describe the symbiotic association (interrelationship) between plant roots and fungi. (cdc.gov)

Mutant seeds had more rapid germination, reduced requirement for light, and decreased far-red light sensitivity, unraveling cytokinin functions in seed germination control. (nih.gov)

Make plants shorter and increase content of chlorophyll. (slimtheme.com)
The potential for stabilization through revegetation greatly depends on the pH, organic matter content, concentration of plant-essential nutrient elements, and the presence of trace elements in the rooting medium. (cdc.gov)

2021) Molecular mechanisms of endomembrane trafficking in plants. (oeaw.ac.at)
Bradamante G, Mittelsten Scheid O, Incarbone M (2021) Under siege: virus control in plant meristems and progeny. (oeaw.ac.at)
2021) The EpiDiverse Plant Epigenome-Wide Association Studies (EWAS) Pipeline. (oeaw.ac.at)

Under nitrogen starved conditions, rice plants reduce their active tiller number in vegetative stage and their spikelet number in reproductive stage. (nii.ac.jp)

Corrects nutrient shortages for maximum production after plant growth has begun. (constantcontact.com)
The reason for this is because most legumes have a symbiotic relationship with bacteria, called rhizobia, that can fix nitrogen in the air and then supply the host plant with ammonia as a nutrient. (nibb.ac.jp)
For example, plants growing with a limited supply of the key nutrient, nitrate, typically suppress shoot branching but protect root growth, prioritizing nutrient foraging in the soil. (europa.eu)
These common soil fungi form symbiotic associations with most higher plants and usually improve plant survival and growth, especially in nutrient-poor soils. (cdc.gov)

This finding suggests that earthworms could stimulate plant ABA production. (whiterose.ac.uk)

Shoot branching is controlled by a network of interacting hormonal signals that move over long distances in the plant and regulate the activity of axillary buds, which can remain dormant or grow out to form branches. (europa.eu)

Growers should prepare their soil well before planting trees. (goodfruit.com)
The primary objectives of mine land reclamation are to minimize environmental degradation and to facilitate the reestablishment of a functional plant-soil system. (cdc.gov)
The physical properties of soil that are known to affect plant growth on mine soils and wastes include soil texture and structure, bulk density, pore space, soil water, and soil color. (cdc.gov)

Our RT-PCR-based studies on the expression of the tRNA-IPT gene, PpIPT1, revealed enhanced transcription levels in the cytokinin-overproducing oveST25 mutant at the inducing temperature of 25 C, but not at noninducing conditions (15 C). (cas.cz)
Plants are continuously exposed to environmental temperature fluctuations. (frontiersin.org)

We are also interested in determining plant mechanisms that influence the microbial diversity in the rhizosphere and plant intercellular spaces. (sdstate.edu)

O-Glycosylation plays an important role in regulating the levels of cytokinins. (usda.gov)

RhizoDive is an exciting high school laboratory opportunity where students learn about nitrogen sustainability, microbial biodiversity and/or plant meristems (stem cells). (sdstate.edu)

Collaborative work with Nick Klein (SGU) and Jose Gonzalez on native plant microbiomes funded by Sd-EPSCoR (Jan 2020). (sdstate.edu)

A study testing the effects of Bio-Activate on wine grapes showed that it increased both the brix and acidity levels in the test plants. (arbico-organics.com)
Cytokinin levels and signaling respond to wounding and the perception of herbivore elicitors in Nicotiana attenuata. (mpg.de)

Anatomy16

Organisms15

Chemicals and Drugs25

Phenomena and Processes12

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science2

Abscisic5

Biosynthesis8

Regulators6

Auxin3

Gibberellins4

Oxidase1

Hormones7

Arabidopsis2

Auxins4

Hormone8

Zeatin6

Mass spectrometry4

Senescence1

Adenine1

Gibberellin content1

Genes1

CPPU3

Transgenic2

Chemical5

Important phytohormones1

Genetic4

Phytohormones3

Regulation2

Metabolites1

Leaf4

20233

Accumulation1

Stimulates4

Concentrations2

Signal Transduction1

Biotechnology1

Intracellular1

Receptor2

Induces1

Tissue2

Jasmonate1

Compounds1

Responses6

Roles2

Yield1

Resistance2

Development6

Roots3

Germination1

Content2

20213

Rice1

Nutrient4

Stimulate1

Buds1

Soil3

Temperature2

Mechanisms1

Role1

Meristems1

20201

Levels2