Plantar flexor muscles. Medical search. Frequent questions

Ten healthy habitually shod individuals walked overground in shoes, barefoot and in flip-flops while fine-wire electromyography (EMG) activity was recorded from flexor hallucis longus (FHL), soleus (SOL), and medial and lateral gastrocnemius (MG and LG) muscles. (ku.dk)
It arises by a narrow tendon, from the medial process of the tuberosity of the calcaneus, from the central part of the plantar aponeurosis, and from the intermuscular septa between it and the adjacent muscles. (wikipedia.org)
Innervation is by the medial plantar nerve. (wikipedia.org)
10 ] have shown that medial gastrocnemius fiber lengths and pennation angles are smaller after stroke compared to healthy controls, which has implications for changes in both active and passive muscle properties. (hindawi.com)
The fourth lumbrical muscle inserts into the plantar-medial fibers of the extensor wing to help adduct and plantarflex the proximal phalanx. (medscape.com)
The intrinsic third plantar interosseous and flexor digiti quinti brevis muscles insert into the plantar-medial and lateral aspects of the proximal phalanx respectively and function to stabilize the MTPJ against the stronger extrinsic flexor digitorum longus (FDL) and EDL. (medscape.com)
Los músculos supernumerarios destinados al IV y V dedo: inferomedial y superolateral, respectivamente, presentaban vientres musculares cortos y tendones de inserción largos, relacionándose ambos en su origen con el nervio plantar medial. (scielo.cl)
Cords of the brachial plexus ( Medial, Posterior, and Lateral ) & Pectoralis major & minor muscles. (anatomytrains.com)
However, in recal- over 76% of athletes with this condition.2,3 Men and women citrant cases, it appears that a degenerative process affecting appear to be equally affected.4 Plantar fasciitis classically collagen5 or degenerative fasciosis 10 occurs without evidence presents as medial heel pain that is sharp and most severe with of inflammation. (marysfamilymedicine.org)
Medial and lateral plantar nerves after branching from the posterior tibial nerve. (medscape.com)

The flexor digitorum brevis is a muscle which lies in the middle of the sole of the foot, immediately above the central part of the plantar aponeurosis, with which it is firmly united. (wikipedia.org)
The plantar aponeurosis (10) has been reflected toward the toes. (stanford.edu)
which increases the tensile load to the plantar aponeurosis.9 Cross-training should be considered to maintain aerobic fit-ness levels. (marysfamilymedicine.org)
Plantar fasciitis has been referred to as heel pain syn- drome and heel spur syndrome , because the pain is usually localized to the insertion of the plantar aponeurosis at the me- Stretching is the single most effective method of treat- ment. (marysfamilymedicine.org)

The first session took place in a biomechanics laboratory where EMG data from gastrocnemius medialis, soleus and flexor hallucis longus was recorded. (jyu.fi)
The largest flexor muscle of the big toe is the flexor hallucis longus (FHL), which likely contributes substantially to these forces. (jyu.fi)
The tibialis posterior tendon, flexor digitorum tendon, posterior tibial artery, posterior tibial nerve, and flexor hallucis longus tendon at the ankle level. (medscape.com)

Coordination of a task such as plantar flexion might seem simple, but is in reality achieved through the activation of several muscles-muscles that play an important role in locomotion and posture control. (jyu.fi)
Subjects did both isometric and concentric plantar flexion tasks at torque levels of 10% MVC and 30% MVC. (jyu.fi)
Therefore, we combined FES, which alternately generates dorsiflexion and plantar flexion, with AO + MI as an alternative to gait training. (frontiersin.org)
Before and after each condition, blood lactate was collected, and contralateral 5-s KE, flexion (KF) and bilateral lateral trunk flexors MVIC (measure of trunk stability strength) was performed. (bvsalud.org)
The Bethlem myopathy is an autosomal dominant or recessive disorder characterized by proximal and axial progressive muscle weakness, with flexion finger contractures (TAGLIAVINI et al. (bvsalud.org)

No statistical differences were observed for any muscle fascicle lengths or for the lateral gastrocnemius and soleus pennation angles between paretic, nonparetic, and healthy limbs. (hindawi.com)
However, little is known about other plantar flexor muscles (e.g., lateral gastrocnemius, soleus) or to what extent changes occur in the nonparetic leg. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, evoked spinal reflex responses of the soleus muscle (H-reflex evoked at rest and during iMVC, V-wave), peak twitch torques induced by electrical stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve at rest and fatigue resistance were evaluated. (frontiersin.org)
These evoked potentials are elicited by electrical stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa and their amplitudes can be recorded in the soleus muscle (SOL). (frontiersin.org)
Adult male mice underwent an ~ 20% multi-muscle VML injury to the posterior compartment (gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscle) unilaterally and were randomized to rehabilitation paradigm twice per week beginning 2 days post-injury or no treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Moving neighboring muscles has been reported to cause longitudinal deformations within passive muscles held at a constant muscle-tendon unit (MTU) length (e.g., soleus [SO]), but muscle forces were not directly measured. (vu.nl)
[ 27 ] EMG can also differentiate ITW from cerebral palsy since children with cerebral palsy demonstrate co-activation of the gastrocnemius-soleus complex along with the quadriceps muscles during stance, while children with ITW do not. (medscape.com)

Muscle fatigue was induced in the plantar-flexor muscles of both legs through the execution of a repeated standing heel raise exercise. (unboundmedicine.com)

[ 10 ] The nerve lies beneath the flexor retinaculum between merging tendons and vessels, which have an anterior to posterior progression of tibialis posterior tendon, flexor digitorum tendon, posterior tibial artery, posterior tibial nerve, and flexor hallucis longus tendon (see the image below). (medscape.com)

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 491 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Flexor digitorum brevis muscles. (wikipedia.org)

The flexor digiti minimi brevis (foot) is a muscle that is located on the outer edge of the foot bones. (healthline.com)

Many people use a massager to help lessen the painful symptoms associated with plantar fasciitis or to help with diabetic foot care. (walkjogrun.net)
This kind of equipment is perfect for those suffering from plantar fasciitis, a painful inflammatory condition affecting the connective tissues in the foot. (walkjogrun.net)
This option is perfect for those suffering from plantar fasciitis or even shin splints. (walkjogrun.net)
It's perfect for those suffering from conditions of the foot such as plantar fasciitis, heel spurs, or pain in the arch area. (walkjogrun.net)
The TOBREFE Foot Roller Ball is an ideal option for relief from the painful symptoms of plantar fasciitis. (walkjogrun.net)
Second, they can lead to foot injuries like plantar fasciitis (usually from a bone spur that makes your heels hurt), hammertoes, bunions, and neuromas. (huffpost.com)
PRACTICAL MANAGEMENT Plantar Fasciitis David D. Dyck, Jr., DO,* and Lori A. Boyajian-O'Neill, DO, FAOASM*† dial tubercle of the calcaneus. (marysfamilymedicine.org)
An understanding of risk factors and pathophysiology willhelp in identifying athletes predisposed to developing plantar fasciitis, as well as in formulating the most effective preven- Treatment should be aggressive, should be initiated as tive and therapeutic treatment plan. (marysfamilymedicine.org)
Assessment of underly- Plantar fasciitis can occur acutely, as with trauma, but ing risk factors is the foundation for successful treatment and more often presents as chronic plantar foot pain of insidious prevention. (marysfamilymedicine.org)
In approximately 85% of patients, the etiology is undetermined.6,7 Risk factors for developing plantar fasciitis can be divided into anatomic, bio- Relative rest must be a part of the treatment plan, allow- mechanical, and environmental and are presented in Table 1. (marysfamilymedicine.org)

the two portions of the tendon then unite and form a grooved channel for the reception of the accompanying long Flexor tendon. (wikipedia.org)
Slip to the little toe may occasionally be absent, where it may be replaced by a small fusiform muscle arising from the long flexor tendon or from the quadratus plantæ. (wikipedia.org)
Although the influence of different range of motions and muscle-tendon unit lengths has been investigated in pure stretch-hold experiments in vivo, the contribution to a SSC movement in human muscles remains unclear. (nature.com)
0.05) less depressed joint torque in the SSC at the longest muscle-tendon unit length compared to the corresponding SHO condition, without any differences in knee kinematics and fascicle behavior. (nature.com)
Therefore, the physiological relevance of rFE might be particularly important for movements at greater muscle-tendon unit lengths. (nature.com)
Preload is typically applied to minimize the effects of the electromechanical delay, to guarantee maximal muscle activity and to reduce muscle-tendon unit (MTU) compliance. (nature.com)
Accordingly, the amount of tendon compliance would therefore also influence estimated in vivo F-v-r, particularly in muscles with a large tendon-to-fascicle-length ratio such as the triceps surae 15 . (nature.com)
In vivo, Achilles tendon strain is typically determined by measuring the tendon length change during muscle contractions relative to its slack length by tracking the myotendinous junction displacement relative to the tendon's insertion point using ultrasound 16 . (nature.com)
Overemphasis on muscle strengthening at the expense of tendon and other connective tissue strengthening can produce a muscle complex which is prone to injury and inefficient in generating reactive strength. (mytpi.com)
Move down the length of the muscles on both sides of the leg, starting proximally at the popliteal fossa and moving distally to the sides of the Achilles tendon in order to identify all painful and incompliant areas. (physio-pedia.com)
We investigated the effects of proximal MTU length changes of two-joint gastrocnemius (GA) and plantaris (PL) muscles on the fascicle length of the one-joint SO muscle within (1) an intact muscle compartment and (2) a disrupted compartment that allowed measurements of fascicle length and distal tendon force of SO simultaneously. (vu.nl)
The type VI collagen is an extracellular protein forming a distinct myofibrillar network of most interstitial connective tissues, existing in the cellular matrices of muscle, skin, tendon, cartilage, intervertebral discs, blood vessels and eyes. (bvsalud.org)
It leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen, below the piriformis, and runs down in front of the sciatic nerve, the gemelli, and the tendon of the obturator internus, then enters the anterior surfaces of the quadratus femoris and gemellus inferior muscles. (medscape.com)

These nerves supply the intrinsic muscles of the foot, excluding the extensor digitorum brevis. (medscape.com)

The mode of division of the tendons of the flexor digitorum brevis, and of their insertion into the phalanges, is analogous to that of the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis in the hand. (wikipedia.org)
Knowing the distribution of the Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle nerve's branches, its origin levels and points of penetration, it makes the treatment of these lesions easier, mainly in cases of surgery where without the adequate anatomic knowledge the nerve's branches could be even more damaged. (scielo.cl)

It is of interest whether changes in poststroke plantar flexor muscle fascicle length and pennation angle influence the individual force-generating capability and whether plantar flexor weakness is due to uniform changes in individual muscle force contributions. (hindawi.com)

Its deep surface is separated from the lateral plantar vessels and nerves by a thin layer of fascia. (wikipedia.org)

Purpose of the study was to examine whether some individuals use their deeper plantar flexors to a greater extent than others and to see whether the relative contribution of the deeper muscles is affected by the type of movement or torque level. (jyu.fi)
Torque level had no effect on the relative contribution of the deeper muscles. (jyu.fi)
With the conflicting results no clear conclusion can be drawn on whether torque or type of movement affect the relative contribution of the deeper muscles. (jyu.fi)
Physiological cross-sectional areas and force contributions to poststroke plantar flexor torque were estimated for each muscle. (hindawi.com)
Additionally, bilateral muscle contributions to plantar flexor torque remained the same. (hindawi.com)
Additionally, understanding how the changes in muscle properties affect the percentage of force contribution of each plantar flexor muscle to overall plantar flexor torque will give insight into the functional use of each muscle after stroke and whether poststroke plantar flexor weakness is due to uniform changes in individual muscle forces. (hindawi.com)
The steady-state force or torque is decreased after shortening-hold (SHO) experiments compared to an isometric hold phase of a fixed-end contraction at the same muscle length and activation level. (nature.com)
The simulation results matched a key pattern observed in our recorded in vivo experimental data: during preloaded contractions, torque output of the muscle was increased when compared with non-preloaded contractions from literature. (nature.com)
However, by now it is not possible to measure in vivo muscle forces non-invasively, so that the F-v-r of in vivo human muscles is commonly inferred from the joint torque-angular velocity relation (T-ω-r). (nature.com)
During neuromuscular testing, rate of torque development, isometric maximum voluntary torque and muscle activation were measured. (frontiersin.org)

This meta-analysis sought to determine the relative value of 6 muscle group strengths as explanators of comfortable gait speed. (iospress.com)
Functional electrical stimulation (FES), a method for inducing muscle contraction, has been successfully used in gait rehabilitation for patients with deficits after neurological disorders and several clinical studies have found that it can improve gait function after stroke and spinal cord injury. (frontiersin.org)
[ 24 , 25 ] Gait analysis can be particularly helpful in a patient with a spastic etiology to toe walking, as it helps to separate the multiple joint and muscle contributors to the observed gait. (medscape.com)
Dynamic EMG data can also be obtained from surface or intramuscular electrodes in order to correlate muscle activity with the phases of the gait cycle. (medscape.com)
It has been shown that children with ITW and cerebral palsy have premature activation of the gastrocnemius muscles during the swing phase of gait compared with normal children, where activation is only seen in the stance phase. (medscape.com)

Foot and toes, Muscles and tendons, Peripheral nervous system. (stanford.edu)
In addition to the extra strain on your back and knees, the calf muscles can also shorten and the tendons can get tighter and thicker. (huffpost.com)

The in vivo plantar flexors' T-ω-r was determined during preloaded maximum voluntary shortening contractions at 0-200°/s. (nature.com)
The second source of mechanical energy is called force and is provided by muscle contractions. (abmp.com)
Previously published studies on the effect of short-term endurance training on neuromuscular function of the plantar flexors have shown that the H-reflex elicited at rest and during weak voluntary contractions was increased following the training regime. (frontiersin.org)

Poststroke plantar flexor muscle weakness has been attributed to muscle atrophy and impaired activation, which cannot collectively explain the limitations in force-generating capability of the entire muscle group. (hindawi.com)
Muscle weakness contralateral to the brain lesion, or hemiparesis, is the most common impairment following stroke [ 2 , 3 ] and is evident by a decrease in maximal voluntary strength on the paretic limb compared to the nonparetic limb [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
8 ] also observed muscle atrophy in the plantar flexor muscles but additionally found that plantar flexor weakness arises primarily from muscle activation failure. (hindawi.com)
When the sciatic nerve gets compressed it causes radiating pain, tingling, numbness and muscle weakness down the leg and can The pain can travel all the way to the bottom of the foot. (huffpost.com)
In a patient with muscle spasticity that is not secondary to cerebral palsy or in a patient with isolated lower extremity weakness, PA and lateral radiographs of the thoracolumbar spine are indicated to rule out bony abnormalities that may suggest a spinal cord abnormality. (medscape.com)
The patients present a medium weakness and atrophy of trunk and limbs muscles, with a proximal and extensors muscles most affected. (bvsalud.org)

The nerve to the flexor digitorum brevis (3) enters the plantar surface of the muscle and is visible in the dissection. (stanford.edu)
Radial nerve relating to Triceps, Supinator and Forearm extensor muscles. (anatomytrains.com)
Phrenic nerve relating to Anterior scalene muscle. (anatomytrains.com)
This nerve then crosses the ischial spine, enters the perineum through the lesser sciatic foramen, and pierces the pelvic surface of the obturator internus muscle. (medscape.com)
The nerve to the piriformis arises from the posterior divisions of the first and second sacral nerve roots and enters the anterior surface of the muscle. (medscape.com)
Posterior tibial nerve block allows for rapid anesthetization of the heel and plantar regions of the foot. (medscape.com)

abstract = 'One of the purposes of footwear is to assist locomotion, but some footwear types seem to restrict natural foot motion, which may affect the contribution of ankle plantar flexor muscles to propulsion. (ku.dk)
The relative contribution of the deeper muscles was assessed by calculating velocity ratios between GM and FHL as well as Sol and FHL. (jyu.fi)
While the architecture of each individual plantar flexor muscle is affected differently after stroke, the relative contribution of each muscle remains the same. (hindawi.com)

Triceps surae muscle activation and tibialis anterior muscle co-activation were assessed by normalized root mean square of the EMG signal during the initial phase of contraction (0-100, 100-200 ms) and iMVC of the plantar flexors. (frontiersin.org)

Damage to the muscle during injury can disrupt both of these attributes and prevent optimal contraction (widening) and relaxation (lengthening). (physio-pedia.com)
Dementia can significantly affect walking by impairing attention, muscle strength, and the motor control needed to coordinate sensory input and muscle contraction for safe and steady ambulation. (msdmanuals.com)

However, older adults seem to compensate for decreased lower calf power by using their hip flexor and extensor muscles more than young adults. (msdmanuals.com)

[1] Myofascial restrictions of the posterior calf muscles have been implicated in the development of plantar heel pain (PHP) as they interfere with the extensibility of the muscles and fascia, thus impeding optimal muscle functioning. (physio-pedia.com)
Because both muscles and fascia are implicated in PHPS, [2] it is important that muscle fibres are lengthened. (physio-pedia.com)
The plantar fascia extends from ( Clin J Sport Med 2004;14:305-309) this tubercle to the metatarsal heads, forming the longitudinalarch that provides support for the foot. (marysfamilymedicine.org)
Powell et al13 reported that 88% great toe, thus increasing the stretch of the plantar fascia (Fig. of patients using night splints for 1 month experienced im- 1).12 Manual stretching techniques such as myofascial release provement in their symptoms. (marysfamilymedicine.org)
The sacral plexus lies in the back of the pelvis between the piriformis muscle and the pelvis fascia. (medscape.com)

Paretic plantar flexor muscle activation was impaired by 50% or more when compared to the nonparetic side. (hindawi.com)

One of the most fundamental characteristics of skeletal muscle is the force-velocity relation (F-v-r), which has been researched for over a century 1 . (nature.com)
2010) Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow Assessment: Arterial Spin Labeling as an approach. (utah.edu)
2009) Effects of obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure on skeletal muscle. (utah.edu)
2009) Exercise limitation in COPD: The role of skeletal muscle. (utah.edu)
2009) Richardson, R.S. (2009) Exercise limitation in COPD: The role of skeletal muscle. (utah.edu)
2008) Richardson, R.S. (2008) Skeletal muscle in COPD and CHF as targets for exercise training Exercise in Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norwary. (utah.edu)
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries occur due to orthopaedic trauma or the surgical removal of skeletal muscle and result in debilitating long-term functional deficits. (biomedcentral.com)
Collectively this work provides evidence of genetic and functional plasticity in the remaining skeletal muscle with early rehabilitation approaches, which may facilitate future evidenced-based practice of early rehabilitation at the clinical level. (biomedcentral.com)
With no current surgical or rehabilitative standard of care to address the soft tissue loss, VML injures are left to follow the natural sequela of injury that ultimately results in the replacement of contractile skeletal muscle with non-contractile pathologic fibrotic tissue [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
There is a role of integrity maintenance and skeletal muscle function (TAGLIAVINI et al. (bvsalud.org)

Measurements were performed before and during maximal excitation of all plantar flexor muscles. (vu.nl)

Do somatosensory conditions from the foot and ankle affect postural responses to plantar-flexor muscles fatigue during bipedal quiet stance? (unboundmedicine.com)
The present study investigated the effects of somatosensory conditions at the foot and ankle on postural responses to plantar-flexor muscle fatigue during bipedal quiet stance. (unboundmedicine.com)
Twenty-two young healthy adults were asked to stand upright as still as possible with their eyes closed in three somatosensory conditions (normal, altered and improved) both prior to and after exercises inducing plantar-flexor muscle fatigue. (unboundmedicine.com)
Results showed that plantar-flexor muscle fatigue yielded increased centre of foot pressure displacements under normal foot and ankle sensory conditions. (unboundmedicine.com)
Altogether, the present findings suggested an increased reliance on somatosensory information from the foot and ankle for controlling upright posture in the presence of plantar-flexor muscle fatigue. (unboundmedicine.com)
Ankle, hip, and knee muscles were tested isokinetically at 60 ∘ /s and the tests were spread over 24 h to avoid fatigue. (iospress.com)
You can say goodbye to muscle pain, fatigue, and spasms thanks to this helpful tool that's proven to be effective. (walkjogrun.net)
It works hard to eliminate tension , fatigue, and soreness while relaxing tight muscles. (walkjogrun.net)
Non-local muscle fatigue (NLMF) has been attributed to both physical and mental fatigue. (bvsalud.org)
Many characteristics are common just like muscle disability and fatigue, contractures often in fingers, elbows, and ankles. (bvsalud.org)

Therefore, we replicated the in vivo experiment using a Hill-type muscle model of the gastrocnemius medialis. (nature.com)

Structural changes that occur at the muscle fascicle level may include lengthening or shortening of the fascicle or a change in the orientation (i.e., pennation angle) of the muscle fibers as they span the muscle belly. (hindawi.com)
Passive range of motion exercise are non-weight bearing rehabilitation techniques that do not rely on functionally innervated muscle fibers. (biomedcentral.com)

The aim of the present series of studies is to examine force and myoelectrical activity in human forearm flexors and knee extensors during dynamic and isometric muscle actions. (jyu.fi)

Dynamometer for rat plantar flexor muscles in vivo. (cdc.gov)
A dynamometer is designed and fabricated to measure the force output during static and dynamic muscle actions of the plantar flexor muscles of anaesthetised rats in vivo. (cdc.gov)
The dynamometer proves to be an accurate and reliable system for quantifying static and dynamic forces of rat plantar flexor muscles in vivo. (cdc.gov)
Ultrasonography is a cost-effective and noninvasive method for measuring the structure of an individual muscle in vivo . (hindawi.com)

The approach to the DFM of the posterior calf muscles should be systematic, ensuring that all tight parts of the posterior calf muscles are identified and treated. (physio-pedia.com)
The anterior branches supply flexor muscles of the lower limb, and posterior branches supply the extensor and abductor muscles. (medscape.com)
It leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis and gives off the branch to the gemellus superior, entering the upper part of the posterior surface of this muscle. (medscape.com)

0.05), suggesting muscle specificity of the facilitation. (frontiersin.org)

Functional analysis shows that nyctitheres had mobile shoulder and hip joints, could pronate and supinate the radius, partially invert the foot at the astragalocalcaneal and upper ankle joints using powerful flexor muscles, all indicative of a scansorial lifestyle and allowing headfirst descent on vertical surfaces. (palaeo-electronica.org)

7 ] observed muscle atrophy in twelve out of fifteen lower extremity muscles. (hindawi.com)
BACKGROUND: Limited data exist regarding segmental contributions of lower extremity muscles to the swim start performance during different start techniques in young swimmers. (iospress.com)

Finally, we have the concentric phase of movement that most are familiar with in which our muscles contract and we apply tension as our muscles shorten. (mytpi.com)

Here, the axis is the ball of the foot, and strong calf muscles (plantar flexors) attaching to the heel provide the force. (abmp.com)
It also helps explain why the calf muscles are so large compared to the smaller shin muscles (dorsiflexors). (abmp.com)
Walking in this position makes your hip flexors and calf muscles short and tight. (huffpost.com)
calf muscle strength is substantially decreased in older adults. (msdmanuals.com)

METHODS: A total of 18 subjects with flexor digitorum brevis muscle myofascial trigger point were evaluated pre- and post-deep dry needling. (integrativedryneedling.com)
We combined two different muscle preparations to assess whether myofascial loads exerted by neighboring muscles result in length changes of SO fascicles. (vu.nl)
This indicates that substantial myofascial force transmission between SO and synergistic muscle can occur via a connective tissue network running parallel to the series of SO sarcomeres without substantial length changes of SO fascicles. (vu.nl)

Eccentric focused exercises have commonly been prescribed as a method for the treatment of a number of injuries, specifically overuse injuries such as tendinopathies in which you have chronic inflammation or pain in the soft-tissue that surrounds your muscles and joints [1-6]. (mytpi.com)
The Foot Gym helps to strengthen your joints and muscles. (walkjogrun.net)

For example, is the toe walking caused by ankle plantar flexor spasticity alone or a combination of muscle spasticity at the knee and hip? (medscape.com)

Since the force-generating capacity of a muscle is dependent on amount of impairment, some recent studies have identified the extent to which these changes occur after stroke. (hindawi.com)

Many studies have shown that connective tissue linkages can transmit force between synergistic muscles and that such force transmission depends on the position of these muscles relative to each other and on properties of their intermuscular connective tissues. (vu.nl)

Isokinetics and Exercise Science publishes studies associated with the methodology of muscle performance especially with respect to the issues of reproducibility and validity of testing, description of normal and pathological mechanical parameters which are derivable from muscle testing, applications in basic research topics such as motor learning paradigms and electromyography. (iospress.com)

The bottom-most or first layer of muscles in the human foot include the flexor digitorum brevis. (wikipedia.org)
The system controls the range of motion, angular velocity and electrical stimulation of the muscles, while monitoring the force output at the plantar surface of the foot. (cdc.gov)
The flexor digitorum brevis muscle is located in the foot. (healthline.com)
They also supply sensory innervation to the plantar surface of the foot, as shown in the images below. (medscape.com)

It is logical that if we have the eccentric strength to handle greater forces as our muscles lengthen and we improve the quality of our connective tissue we would be less likely to be injured. (mytpi.com)

[2] [3] The manual therapy discussed in the "new protocol" for plantar heel pain syndrome (PHPS) refers to Deep Friction Massage therapy, which is based on the teachings of Dr James Cyriax. (physio-pedia.com)

Observamos que en el miembro superior izquierdo, el 29,7% de los ramos del nervio mediano se originaban en el tercio medio de la mitad distal del antebrazo y en el 30.3% penetraban en el tercio proximal de la mitad proximal del antebrazo. (scielo.cl)
Pudimos observar en todos los casos que el RSNR se dividía proximal al PER en un ramo volar (R1) y un ramo dorsal. (scielo.cl)
En igual proporciones proximal y distal al músculo extensor largo del pulgar se originan los ramos digitales colaterales. (scielo.cl)

Therefore, while muscle atrophy and impaired activation have been reported, additional changes in the structure of poststroke muscles likely exist and may be necessary to measure when attempting to accurately describe the force-generating potential of individual poststroke muscles. (hindawi.com)
The trapezius muscle and its synergists that extend the head provide the force to move the lever. (abmp.com)
The elbow joint is the axis, while the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles just distal provide the force. (abmp.com)
More force might be necessary for patients with exceptionally stiff or developed muscles. (physio-pedia.com)
Deformations do not provide a direct measure of the force transmitted between muscles. (vu.nl)

Anatomy92

Organisms15

Diseases39

Chemicals and Drugs22

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment33

Psychiatry and Psychology6

Phenomena and Processes59

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena7

Information Science1

Health Care3

Medial10

Aponeurosis4

Longus3

Flexion5

Soleus7

Repeated stan1

Retinaculum1

Brevis muscles1

Digiti minimi brevis1

Fasciitis10

Tendon13

Intrinsic1

Digitorum superficialis2

Fascicle length1

Nerves1

Torque10

Gait5

Tendons2

Contractions3

Weakness6

Nerve6

Contribution3

Tibialis1

Contraction2

Extensor muscles1

Fascia5

Paretic1

Skeletal muscle10

Maximal1

Fatigue10

Gastrocnemius medialis1

Fibers2

Forearm1

Vivo4

Posterior3

0.051

Ankle joints1

Lower extremity muscles2

Concentric1

Calf4

Myofascial3

Joints2

Knee1

Occur1

Intermuscular1

Reproducibility1

Foot4

Connective1

Heel pain1

Proximal3

Force5