Plant species plant viruses. Medical search. Frequent questions

Tobacco streak virus (TSV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Bromoviridae, in the genus Ilarvirus. (wikipedia.org)
We have previously described isolation and preliminary identification of a virus related to Dugbe virus (DUGV), family Bunyaviridae , genus Nairovirus . (cdc.gov)
We suggest that this is a new virus in the family Bunyaviridae , genus Nairovirus , and we propose that it be designated Kupe virus. (cdc.gov)
The genus Nairovirus in the family Bunyaviridae comprises 7 species groups containing primarily tick-borne viruses, some of which have been identified as human or animal pathogens. (cdc.gov)
In recent years, nucleotide and amino acid sequence information has become available so that additional characterization of these viruses is possible, including further analysis of relationships among members of the genus. (cdc.gov)
Full-length sequence data are now available for CCHFV, Hazara virus (HAZV) and Dugbe virus (DUGV), and partial sequences are available for many other members of the genus. (cdc.gov)
Our findings suggest that this is a new virus in the genus Nairovirus , and we propose that it be designated Kupe virus (Kupe is the Kiswahili word for tick). (cdc.gov)
In a recent paper with colleagues we used the latest RNA sequencing technology to identify a whole host of single stranded RNA viruses in the notorious plant pathogenic genus Armillaria . (theconversation.com)
We also confirmed previous studies which had showed that species in this genus did not contain double stranded RNA viruses. (theconversation.com)
Currently evidence suggests P. edulis and P. edulis f. flavicarpa are morphologically and genetically of the same species, and therefore P. edulis is the preferred genus species designation (Bernacci et al. (ufl.edu)
There are more than 500 species within the Passiflora genus, while only a small number produce edible fruit. (ufl.edu)
Lupines occur around the world as important plant species in agroecosystems and natural ecosystems with over 165 species in the genus Lupinus (family Fabaceae). (usda.gov)
Roughly 70 species make up this genus of mostly clumping perennials. (finegardening.com)
Potato virus Y, genus Potyvirus, belonging to the largest plant virus family, Potyviridae and Potato leaf roll virus, a luteovirus, are among the most important viruses of potatoes. (agric.za)
Viruses of sweet potato are mostly restricted to members of the genus Ipomoea, which includes the morning glory and sweet potato. (agric.za)
A genus of RNA plant viruses as yet unassigned to any family. (bvsalud.org)
In addition, indexing of studies involving plants for therapy will now be coordinated with Phytotherapy and the most specific plant (family, genus or species) in B6 that is available. (bvsalud.org)
About 20 viruses have been identified within the genus Hantavirus, family Bunyaviridae, but only 11 have been shown to cause human disease. (medscape.com)

iPHoP: A Matchmaker for Phages and their Hosts Building on existing virus-host prediction approaches, a new tool combines and evaluates multiple predictions to reliably match viruses with their archaea and bacteria hosts. (doe.gov)
Viruses infect bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes, and they range in particle and genome size from small, to large and even giant. (doe.gov)
Viruses and bacteria are two types of potentially disease-causing (pathogenic) particles. (medicinenet.com)
Viruses are much smaller than bacteria and can't reproduce without the assistance of a host. (medicinenet.com)
Lab tests may help clarify whether an illness is due to a virus, bacteria, or other infectious agent or disease process. (medicinenet.com)
most viruses are much smaller than bacteria. (medicinenet.com)
Phages are viruses that only attack bacteria. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Within the gut, these viruses outnumber the dizzyingly numerous gut bacteria. (medicalnewstoday.com)
For example, if the population of one type of phage increases, the bacteria that they consume will dwindle, potentially making room for another species of bacteria to multiply. (medicalnewstoday.com)
So far, scientists have had difficulties in analysing the dependencies between the many bacteria in a complex ecosystem such as the gut or a biological treatment plant. (sciencedaily.com)
Disease-causing organisms- including viruses, fungi and bacteria - can spread from non-native to native pollinators. (fws.gov)
Coliforms are a group of bacteria found in plant material, water, and soil. (cdc.gov)
A virus that infects bacteria is called a phage. (cdc.gov)
Phages infect specific species of bacteria. (cdc.gov)
A species of fecal coliform bacteria. (cdc.gov)
Their function, in part, is to provide food for microorganisms 5 and control the number of bacteria that are continually proliferating via bacteriophages or phages -viruses parasitizing bacteria. (icr.org)
2. Sherwin, F. What's the difference between viruses and bacteria? (icr.org)

When most people hear the word "virus," they think of disease-causing (pathogenic) viruses such as the common cold, influenza, chickenpox, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), SARS-CoV-2 and others. (medicinenet.com)
B anana streak virus (BSV) is a plant pathogenic badnavirus of the family Caulimoviridae , affecting production of banana ( Musa spp. (nature.com)
Highly pathogenic avian influenza, caused by the H5N1 virus, remains primarily a disease of domestic birds. (who.int)

Viruses: A Natural History by Marilyn J. Roossinck, Princeton University Press , 02 May 2023. (panspermia.org)

We find that interactions between these viruses alter viral loads across D. melanogaster genotypes, with a ~3 fold increase in the viral load of DCV and a ~2.5 fold decrease in CrPV in coinfection compared to single infection, but we find little evidence of a host genetic basis for these effects. (biorxiv.org)
These results suggest that phenotypic variation in coinfection interactions within host species can occur independently of natural host genetic variation in susceptibility, and that patterns of susceptibility across host species to single infections can be robust to the added complexity of coinfection. (biorxiv.org)
The last decade has seen remarkable advances in plant virological research, owing mainly to the rapid progress made in molecular biology and genetic engineering in recent years. (routledge.com)
Lu L , Li C , Hagedorn CH . Phylogenetic analysis of global hepatitis E virus sequences: genetic diversity, subtypes and zoonosis. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Primadharsini PP , Nagashima S , Okamoto H . Genetic variability and evolution of hepatitis E virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
We report results of further characterization of this virus, including growth kinetics in cell culture and full-length genome sequencing and genetic characterization, which show it to be distinct from DUGV. (cdc.gov)
Viruses are small particles of genetic material (either DNA or RNA) that are surrounded by a protein coat. (medicinenet.com)
Viruses infect a host by introducing their genetic material into the cells and hijacking the cell's internal machinery to make more virus particles. (medicinenet.com)
But to work out which fungal viruses are uniformly harmful and which might be harnessed for biocontrol, scientists first have to study the viruses' genetic makeup. (theconversation.com)
We then sift through the haystack to look for genetic sequences that look like viruses - the needles. (morrisanimalfoundation.org)
The wild plant species adapted to the Mongolian grassland environment may allow us to explore useful genes, as a source of unique genetic codes for crop improvement. (frontiersin.org)
The variety of viruses, in form and genetic system and capacity, is very much more than most people realize. (panspermia.org)
Identification and genetic characterization of viruses of sweet potato. (agric.za)
Genetic characterization of viruses infecting sweet potato in South Africa. (agric.za)
The virus's DNA or RNA is the genetic material containing the information needed to replicate the virus. (msdmanuals.com)
The virus's genetic material takes control of the host cell and forces it to replicate the virus. (msdmanuals.com)
RNA viruses, particularly retroviruses, are prone to mutate, meaning the set of genetic instructions that contain all the information that the virus needs to function can change as the virus spreads. (msdmanuals.com)
As influenza A viruses lack a "proof-reading" mechanism for DNA repair and fail to correct small errors that occur in viral replication, constant genetic mutation is a characteristic feature of all influenza A viruses, including H5N1. (who.int)
In terms of implications for human health, one of the most significant evolutions has been the divergence of viruses into distinct genetic groups, sometimes called clades. (who.int)

Once the virus becomes systemic, it can be transmitted by vectors. (wikipedia.org)
Modes of Transmission: Insect vectors: Several species of thrips serve as vectors of TSV, including Microcephalothrips abdominalis and Thrips tabaci. (wikipedia.org)
Our findings demonstrate MCMV induces changes in volatile profiles of host plants to elicit attraction of thrips vectors. (worktribe.com)
Uncovering the mechanisms mediating interactions between vectors, host plants and pathogens provides useful insights for understanding the vector ecology and disease epidemiology, which in turn may contribute in designing integrated vector management strategies. (worktribe.com)
Insects including ticks and mosquitoes can act as "vectors," transmitting a virus from one host to another. (medicinenet.com)
Because no natural reservoir of Ebola has been identified, the relation between specific exposure to potential arthropod, animal, or plant vectors and disease remains unproven. (medscape.com)
Transmission of many plant viruses relies on phloem-feeding insect vectors. (bvsalud.org)

Farmers in Lebanon whose crops have long been plagued by plant diseases have reason to celebrate. (natureasia.com)
Researchers at the American University of Beirut (AUB), Lebanon, have developed new plant virus detection kits for diseases that reduce crop yields and cause economic loss throughout the country. (natureasia.com)
Under field conditions there is no cure for virus diseases," warns Jawdah. (natureasia.com)
Fungal viruses have been important in reducing the impact of fungal diseases on chestnuts in Europe. (theconversation.com)
Hypovirulent viruses have been of great interest to researchers because of their potential as biocontrol agents of fungi that cause serious plant diseases. (theconversation.com)
It multiplies five times as fast as other strains of B. tabaci, and transmits up to 60 viruses that cause a host of diseases. (newscientist.com)
A global network of plant clinics, established by CABI's award-winning Plantwise programme , has already proven to be an effective model for helping smallholder farmers lose less of what they grow to pests and diseases. (cabi.org)
Although we tend to think of viruses causing diseases like the flu or common cold, it's becoming increasingly clear that viruses have strong links to certain cancers, both in people and animals. (morrisanimalfoundation.org)
Though plant pathology was not officially recognized as distinct from botany until 1920, the study of plant diseases had been practiced in Nebraska since 1884 with the arrival of the eminent botanist Charles Bessey. (thefencepost.com)
Since then, individuals associated with the University of Nebraska have made an astonishingly high number of "first-time" reports pertaining to diseases of plants. (thefencepost.com)
In 1968 Ross was appointed to the staff of Plant Diseases Division, DSIR and he remained with this division and its successor organisations, Plant Protection Division, DSIR and then Landcare Research, for the rest of his life. (royalsociety.org.nz)

2019. Origin of viruses: primordial replicators recruiting capsids from hosts. (icr.org)
As of September 17, 2019, an active outbreak of Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) had resulted in 3,034 confirmed and 111 probable cases of Ebola virus disease, including 2,103 attributable deaths. (medscape.com)

Although the mechanism is unclear, hiccups were noted in fatal cases of Ebola virus disease in both the 1976 and the 1995 outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). (medscape.com)

TSV purified from infected plants consists of a ss-RNA genome encapsulated by spheroid particles made up of coat protein subunits. (wikipedia.org)
Genome Insider: A Shrubbier Version of Rubber Hear from the consortium working on understanding the guayule plant's genome, which could lead to an improved natural rubber plant. (doe.gov)
We report further characterization of the K611 isolate of this virus, including the full-length genome. (cdc.gov)
Each semi-artificial dataset allows to test one or several limitations that could prevent virus detection or a correct virus identification from HTS data ( i.e. low viral concentration, new viral species, non-complete genome). (datadryad.org)
CRISPR/Cas9 editing of endogenous banana streak virus in the B genome of Musa spp. (nature.com)
Presence of the integrated endogenous banana streak virus (eBSV) in the B genome of plantain (AAB) is a major challenge for breeding and dissemination of hybrids. (nature.com)
It is an unenveloped, non-covalently closed, bacilliform double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus with a monopartite genome of ~7.2-7.8 kb encoding three open-reading frames (ORFs). (nature.com)
When the banana plants are stressed, the eBSV recombines to produce a functional episomal viral genome and infectious viral particles and as a result the plant develops disease symptoms. (nature.com)
It also restricts germplasm movement of genotypes with the B genome worldwide due to this potential activation of eBSV into the episomal infectious form of virus. (nature.com)
This also includes DNA sequencing of part of the virus genome and the use of High throughput sequencing. (agric.za)

Among the least studied are viruses that infect fungi. (theconversation.com)
Until recently there were only a few types of viruses easily detected in fungi. (theconversation.com)
One example is the hypovirus CHV1, which reduces virulence in the tree pathogen Cryphonectria parasitica , one of the most devastating of all plant-killing fungi. (theconversation.com)
He was New Zealand's most distinguished mycologist and plant pathologist and his main scientific contribution was in the study of fungi, how they grow, how they behave, and how they may be controlled. (royalsociety.org.nz)
He also carried out significant studies on the biodiversity of both fungi and higher plants. (royalsociety.org.nz)

Indeed, the same general pattern, although both morbidity and mortality rates may differ somewhat, occurs each time a new and novel influenza virus strikes such as H1N1, which is now, incidentally, ubiquitous globally. (quadrant.org.au)
The present WHO level of pandemic influenza alert, set in place in January 2004, remains at phase 3: a novel influenza virus is causing sporadic human cases, but is poorly adapted to humans. (who.int)

An invasive species is any plant or animal that has spread or been introduced into a new area where they are, or could, cause harm to the environment, economy, or human, animal, or plant health. (fws.gov)
Learn more about invasive species , improper use can harm pollinators and other wildlife. (fws.gov)
Learn more about climate change effects - more flooding, shorter fire cycles and the spread of invasive species - threaten native habitats. (fws.gov)
The Banana Skipper is an invasive species of butterfly originally from Southeast Asia, which has been spreading throughout Asia and the Pacific. (cabi.org)
It is vital that scientists, industry, governments and international organisations come together and agree on a unified prevention, detection and management framework which is able to respond to any invasive species - not just specific ones. (cabi.org)
CABI is launching a new Invasives Response Programme , which will generate partnerships and policy awareness, support rural households threatened by invasive species and build capacity in the areas of prevention, detection and management. (cabi.org)
CABI will continue to work in partnership through our Plantwise and Invasives Response Programmes to support smallholder farmers whose food security and livelihoods are put in jeopardy by a range of invasive species. (cabi.org)
and invasive species. (lu.se)

Different strains of PVY including the tuber necrotic strain of Potato virus Y (PVY NTN ) are prevalent in South Africa. (agric.za)
Most species and strains of HTLV viruses (now under Deltaretrovirus) have been reorganized and specific coxsackieviruses are now referred to as specific enteroviruses. (bvsalud.org)

While the microbes in a single drop of water could outnumber a small city's population, the number of viruses in the same drop-the vast majority not harmful to humans could be even larger. (doe.gov)
Viruses get a bad rap, but they also perform many important functions for humans, plants, animals, and the environment. (medicinenet.com)
There are millions of viruses out there, including many that don't directly infect animals or humans. (theconversation.com)
She says the research enables the proactive identification of viruses with disease potential, before they affect the health of humans, plants, or animals, that can result in disease or economic losses. (aaas.org)
Details are still hazy about how one of these viruses evolved into SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID in humans. (phys.org)
Did it go directly from bats to humans or via another animal species? (phys.org)
RNA viruses are clearly important in our world, but we usually only study a tiny slice of them- the few hundred that harm humans, plants and animals. (icr.org)
A Virus Poised to Jump Species to Humans Researchers show how close we are to another pandemic, and how it will start with zoonotic transmission. (medscape.com)
These findings further confirm that the H5N1 virus is at present poorly adapted to humans. (who.int)

As of June 15, 2020, there are more than 70 species of pollinators currently listed as endangered or threatened. (fws.gov)

Clemson University, Department of Plant Pathology and Physiology. (wikipedia.org)
Ross did not travel alone to Leeds but was accompanied by his wife, Jessica, who did a PhD in plant physiology. (royalsociety.org.nz)
Ross was to become primarily a plant pathologist and mycologist but he also did innovative work on fungal physiology. (royalsociety.org.nz)

Although it remains difficult to define strict criteria for distinguishing between virus subtypes, and is not within the remit of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the use of agreed reference sequences will bring clarity and stability to researchers, epidemiologists and clinicians working with HEV. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Soil Virus Offers Insight into Maintaining Microorganisms Through a collaborative effort, researchers have identified a protein in soil viruses that may promote soil health. (doe.gov)
A Better Way to Find RNA Virus Needles in the Proverbial Database Haystacks Researchers combed through more than 5,000 data sets of RNA sequences generated from diverse environmental samples around the world, resulting in a five-fold increase of RNA virus diversity. (doe.gov)
Researchers estimate that such viruses destroy up to 30% of crop products . (theconversation.com)
This illustrates how technology is allowing researchers to better understand fungal viruses, and come up with ways to manage them. (theconversation.com)
These are typically not the most abundant species but far more important are organisms carry copies of distinct, essential genes -- researchers here speak of "keystone genes" -- which are also transcribed disproportionately often. (sciencedaily.com)
Armed with this knowledge, the researchers then went about first identifying "keystone genes" and linking these to keystone species. (sciencedaily.com)
Any profits from sales of the new naphthoquinones will be split between the collaborators, including the researchers in Chile who first collected the plants. (newscientist.com)
Deforestation, unsustainable agriculture and the illegal wildlife trade are major causes, all of which also contribute to outbreaks of viruses like Covid-19, the researchers said. (lu.se)
Serum samples from those afflicted demonstrated evidence of Hantavirus infection and within 10 weeks of the original outbreak, researchers had successfully developed a diagnostic test for the virus. (medscape.com)

In the past year the world has been overwhelmed with rapidly emerging, important and fascinating information regarding SARS CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. (theconversation.com)

The disease is caused by a combination of maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and any one of cereal viruses in the Potyviridae group such as sugarcane mosaic virus. (worktribe.com)

Seventy-five percent of the edited events remained asymptomatic in comparison to the non-edited control plants under water stress conditions, confirming inactivation of eBSV into infectious viral particles. (nature.com)
Seventy-five percent (6 out of 8) of the edited events tested remained asymptomatic in comparison to the control non-edited plants under water stress conditions, confirming inhibition of eBSV and reversal of its ability to be converted into infectious viral particles in the edited lines. (nature.com)
Dr. Julia Beatty, Professor of Feline Medicine at the University of Sydney and a Foundation-funded researcher, is an expert in feline infectious disease, and much of her research is focused on looking for evidence of virus in cat cancer tissues. (morrisanimalfoundation.org)
The demonstrated presence of infectious virus in saliva of infected rodents and the marked sensitivity of these animals to hantaviruses following inoculation suggests that biting may be an important mode of transmission among rodents (7). (cdc.gov)
In vitro transcript inoculation of infectious WYMV clones further demonstrated that VSR-defective mutants G175A and Y10A reduced WYMV infection in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), G175A had a more significant effect on virus accumulation in upper leaves of wheat than Y10A. (bvsalud.org)
A virus is a small infectious organism-much smaller than a fungus or bacterium-that must invade a living cell to reproduce (replicate). (msdmanuals.com)

Viruses also participate in the process of evolution by transferring genes among different species. (medicinenet.com)
In biomedical research, scientists use viruses to insert new genes into cells. (medicinenet.com)
Keystone species: Which are most important functional genes in an ecosystem? (sciencedaily.com)
This tells us what substances can be produced by the community in general, what genes exist in multiple copies in different bacterial species and in what quantities certain proteins are produced. (sciencedaily.com)
The identified genes and species fulfil essential functions in the ecosystem," Paul Wilmes explains: "Many metabolic pathways and species are dependent on them. (sciencedaily.com)
With this knowledge about keystone genes and species, we can take a closer look at the molecular causes in future -- and explore measures for restoring ecological balance in the gut, for example. (sciencedaily.com)
Viruses are really tricky because they don't share any genes in common. (aaas.org)
And what potential would lie in the vast store of unknown genes that viruses carry? (panspermia.org)
Robust Software Management suggests that genomes have systems to cope with genes from viruses. (panspermia.org)

A viral infection is a proliferation of a harmful virus inside your body. (medicinenet.com)
With an active viral infection, a virus makes copies of itself and bursts the host cell (killing it) to set the newly-formed virus particles free. (medicinenet.com)
Antiviral drugs may interfere with the reproduction of viruses or strengthen the immune response to the viral infection. (msdmanuals.com)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a viral infection that progressively destroys certain white blood cells and is treated with antiretroviral medications. (msdmanuals.com)

Various species and cultivars of passion fruit are grown throughout tropical and subtropical areas of the world. (ufl.edu)
Field trials at the ARC showed that the marketable yield of almost all tested cultivars were severely reduced by a combination of above viruses. (agric.za)

However, for the past 25 years, many species of bees and other pollinators have experienced large drops in numbers. (fws.gov)

This phenotypic variation may influence the evolution of host-pathogen interactions within host species and interfere with patterns in the outcomes of infection across host species. (biorxiv.org)
Human alteration of natural habitats may change the processes governing species interactions in wild communities. (datadryad.org)
Even less certain is how the interactions between microbial communities - plankton and viruses, for instance - affect the physical and chemical properties of the aerosols that are formed. (cosmosmagazine.com)

Subgenomic RNA4 is translated producing capsid proteins and the new virus particles are assembled. (wikipedia.org)
In other cases, virus particles "bud" off the host cell over a period of time before killing the host cell. (medicinenet.com)
Either way, new virus particles are then free to infect other cells. (medicinenet.com)
The virus makes more copies of itself, releases new virus particles, and kills more host cells. (medicinenet.com)
These viruses are most commonly spread by inhaling droplets containing virus particles. (medicinenet.com)
This is because the virus particles are labile, and the virus is present only in the phloem cells, therefore having a relatively low concentration," says Yusuf Abu Jawdah, a plant pathologist at AUB who led the research. (natureasia.com)
Next, they used flow cytometry, a process that is sensitive enough to detect unimaginably small virus particles. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Of the 28 candidates, 11 compounds produced levels of virus particles at a rate higher than the controls, which signifies that they influenced phage activity. (medicalnewstoday.com)

In patients who have Ebola virus infection, 2 types of exposure history are recognized: primary and secondary. (medscape.com)
This group includes patients who experienced infection with Reston ebolavirus, as evidenced by antibody production, but did not develop Ebola virus disease. (medscape.com)
In the 1995 Ebola virus outbreak in Kikwit, DRC, tachypnea was the single most discriminating sign that separated survivors (none of whom had tachypnea) from patients who died (37% of whom had tachypnea). (medscape.com)
Ebola virus is one of at least 30 known viruses capable of causing viral hemorrhagic fever syndrome. (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] The outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa from 2014 to 2016, involving Zaire ebolavirus , was the largest outbreak of Ebola virus disease in history. (medscape.com)
Ebola virus. (medscape.com)
The live recombinant vaccine has shown effectiveness of 97.5% in preventing infection among 90,000 individuals in an active Ebola virus outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo. (medscape.com)
These antibodies target the glycoprotein (GP) on the Ebola virus surface, thereby blocking attachment and entry of the virus on host cell membranes. (medscape.com)
Experimental inoculation of plants and animals with Ebola virus. (cdc.gov)

citation needed] Severe outbreaks of TSV typically occur under climatic conditions that allow large thrips populations to develop and when large quantities of pollen are being produced by the host plant. (wikipedia.org)
Although some countries severely affected by poultry outbreaks have controlled those outbreaks, the virus has become firmly entrenched in populations of domestic birds elsewhere. (who.int)
The H5N1 virus has evolved, in animals, in several ways since the start of the current poultry outbreaks in mid-2003. (who.int)
Because the mosquitoes that spread Zika virus are found throughout the world, it is likely that outbreaks will continue to spread. (cdc.gov)

Six isolates of the virus were obtained from pools of Amblyomma gemma and Rhipicephalus pulchellus ticks collected from hides of cattle in Nairobi, Kenya, in October 1999. (cdc.gov)
In a recent survey of ticks infesting market livestock in Nairobi, Kenya, we identified 26 isolates of DUGV and additionally obtained several isolates of a virus that was identified as a nairovirus related most closely to DUGV ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Isolates of viruses were obtained from pools of ticks collected at abattoirs in Nairobi, Kenya, as described ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Each dataset consists of a mix of several isolates from the same viral species showing different frequencies. (datadryad.org)

Apply recommended amount for plant per label directions in the soil at time of planting or at least during the first growing season. (backyardgardener.com)
Excess nitrogen in the soil can cause excessive vegetative growth on plants at the expense of flower bud development. (backyardgardener.com)
Plant dahlia tubers once soil has warmed and there is little chance of frost. (backyardgardener.com)
A 3 inch layer of mulch will help to maintain soil moisture and studies have shown that mulched plants grow faster than non-mulched plants. (backyardgardener.com)
When planting a great number of bulbs, dig out an area to the specified depth, place bulbs and replace soil. (backyardgardener.com)
Myron Brakke (USDA/UNL Plant Pathology Department) was the first researcher to determine that the soil-inhabiting fungus Polymyxa graminis was the biological vector for this virus disease. (thefencepost.com)
Some can poison livestock or release toxins into the soil that inhibit growth of desirable plants. (uky.edu)

Growth kinetics of the 2 viruses were compared in a 13-day growth curve in which cells were infected at a multiplicity of infection of 0.01 and aliquots removed daily. (cdc.gov)
Certain viruses -- like the ones that cause chickenpox and cold sores -- may be inactive or "latent" after the initial infection. (medicinenet.com)
We investigated the association between plant diversity (species richness, diversity) and infection risk (virus richness, prevalence) in populations of Plantago lanceolata in natural landscapes as well as those occurring at the edges of cultivated fields. (datadryad.org)
We find that plant species richness and diversity correlated negatively with virus infection prevalence. (datadryad.org)
Host population connectivity significantly decreased virus infection prevalence. (datadryad.org)
Upon testing positive for potyvirus infection by indirect ELISA (Agdia, Inc.), an isolate of Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) was identified from leaf extracts of a diseased plant. (usda.gov)
Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, and Rich Condit Vincent, Alan, and Rich revisit circovirus contamination of Rotarix, then discuss poxvirus-like replication of mimivirus in the cell cytoplasm, and whether seasonal influenza immunization increases the risk of infection with the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus. (virology.ws)
Thus, virus infection or knockdown of LsCSN5 compromises TIM oscillation and induces high insect locomotor activity for transmission. (bvsalud.org)
Taken together, WYMV P1 acts as VSR by interfering with calmodulin-associated antiviral RNAi defense to facilitate virus infection in wheat, which has provided clear insights into the function of P1 in the process of WYMV infection. (bvsalud.org)
Treating Monkeypox: Q&A with the CDC's John T. Brooks, MD Sexually active men who have sex with men are most at risk for infection with the virus, which can cause excruciatingly painful lesions and even scarring. (medscape.com)
More lab testing and other studies are planned to learn more about the risks of Zika virus infection during pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
For women trying to get pregnant, before you or your male partner travel, talk to your healthcare provider about your plans to become pregnant and the risk of Zika virus infection. (cdc.gov)
During the first week of infection, Zika virus can be found in the blood and passed from an infected person to a mosquito through mosquito bites. (cdc.gov)

Plant Viruses As Molecular Pathogens is the only book to bring you all of this information--22 chapters--in a single volume, compiled by specialists around the globe! (routledge.com)
With helpful illustrations, photos, figures, models that explain viral mechanisms, and easy-to-understand reference tables, Plant Viruses As Molecular Pathogens will stimulate your thinking on this fascinating area of plant science! (routledge.com)

When the infected host cell dies, it releases new viruses, which go on to infect other cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Sanitation: Remove plant debris after harvest or any plant material that may serve as a source of inoculum. (wikipedia.org)
Clear weeds and debris from planting areas and continue to remove weeds as soon as they come up. (backyardgardener.com)

Nebraska Experiment Station Plant Pathologist and department chair George Peltier generally is credited with the discovery and first recognition of wheat steak mosaic virus in 1922. (thefencepost.com)
In 1969, Plant Pathologist David Wysong, Anne Vidaver, and Max Schuster first discovered and reported a bacterial disease of corn completely new to science, caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. (thefencepost.com)
William Langenberg (USDA/UNL Plant Pathology Department) and Eric Kerr, UNL Plant Pathologist, determined that the known vector for a viral disease called rhizomania was infecting sugar beets in five of six fields from Scotts Bluff County that were surveyed in 1982. (thefencepost.com)

and we processed these insects to see if we could find any viruses in them," said Breitbart. (aaas.org)
if these blooms die before insects arrive, the insects go hungry and fewer plants get pollinated. (fws.gov)
The plant, Calceolaria andina, contains two chemicals that kill sapsucking insects such as aphids and whitefly, even those that have grown resistant to most modern insecticides. (newscientist.com)
These plants can contaminate products at harvest, harbor pest insects, mites, vertebrates, or be a source of plant disease agents. (uky.edu)
People may get viruses by swallowing or inhaling them, by being bitten by insects, through sexual contact, or congenitally (passed by a pregnant person to the fetus). (msdmanuals.com)

The new ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays) kits detect cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV), which infects cucumbers, melon, squash and watermelon, and prune dwarf virus (PDV), which infects stone fruits like peach, almond, and nectarine. (natureasia.com)
In addition to beets , the virus also infects Swiss chard and spinach , which are all members of the plant family Amaranthaceae. (gardeningknowhow.com)

Microbial ecosystems such as biological wastewater treatment plants and the human gastrointestinal tract are home to a vast diversity of bacterial species. (sciencedaily.com)
The insights from the group of FNR-ATTRACT fellow Prof. Paul Wilmes are also of medical importance: When microbial communities come out of balance in the course of disease, a positive health effect may be achieved by supporting keystone bacterial species in a targeted fashion. (sciencedaily.com)

For instance, a killer tick-borne virus showed up in Kansas in 2014. (npr.org)

In most cases, they record the different species that occur together under changing environmental conditions. (sciencedaily.com)
Viruses occur naturally worldwide in sweet potatoes and more than one virus species can be found infecting a single sweet potato plant. (agric.za)

Ecosystems that have a lot of diverse animals, like this monkey, also tend to have a lot of diverse viruses. (npr.org)
Keystone species are species that play central roles in the functioning of ecosystems. (sciencedaily.com)
Those ecosystems included plants like big bluestem, switchgrass, wildflowers and prairie clover. (feedstuffs.com)

The increased vector contact rates with MCMV-infected host plants could enhance virus transmission if thrips feed on the infected plants and acquire the pathogen prior to dispersal. (worktribe.com)
An incubation period refers to the time between exposure to a virus (or other pathogen) and the emergence of symptoms. (medicinenet.com)
This difference was not explained by changes in host richness between these two habitats, suggesting potential pathogen spill-over and increased transmission of viruses across the agro-ecological interface. (datadryad.org)
He was able to mechanically transmit the pathogen to healthy wheat and corn plants from infected, symptomatic wheat plants, providing proof that symptoms were caused by a biotic factor. (thefencepost.com)

Later, a trigger like stress, sunlight, or something else, may reactivate the virus and lead to new symptoms. (medicinenet.com)
Like other mosaic viruses, beet mosaic virus causes plants to develop mottling and speckling on their leaves, along with other symptoms. (gardeningknowhow.com)
Fortunately, mosaic virus on beets causes less severe symptoms than many other beet viruses and will not cause loss of the entire crop. (gardeningknowhow.com)
Mosaic virus symptoms on beets usually appear on younger leaves first. (gardeningknowhow.com)
If you notice mosaic virus symptoms on beets in your garden, check the plants for aphids . (gardeningknowhow.com)
Treating beet mosaic virus is impossible once symptoms appear, but you can treat to control the aphids that carry the disease. (gardeningknowhow.com)
In 2005, at least 90% of Lupinus luteus L. seedlings (276) that were transplanted from the greenhouse to a field plot for seed regeneration developed severe virus-like symptoms with an estimated 5% mortality. (usda.gov)

Tracing the Evolution of Shiitake Mushrooms Understanding Lentinula genomes and their evolution could provide strategies for converting plant waste into sugars for biofuel production. (doe.gov)
The genomes of giant viruses are on the order of 100 times the size of what has typically been associated with viruses, while the genomes of large viruses may be only 10 times larger. (doe.gov)
Breitbart uses a method of identifying some of these mystery viruses through a process known as metagenomics, sequencing genomes for a whole community instead of just one organism. (aaas.org)
in this case we are taking all of the genomes out of all of the viruses in the ocean, or all of the pieces out of thousands of jigsaw puzzles and kind of like dumping them on the table at the same time, and trying to piece back together those genomes, to get an idea of what's out there," she said. (aaas.org)

We searched for the sequence of the CP of the virus, and designed specific primers. (natureasia.com)
DNA and RNA were extracted from the samples and PCR detection was performed using specific primers for five viruses:Plantago latent caulimovirus (PLCV), Plantago lanceolata latent virus (PlLV), Plantago betapartitivirus (PBV), Plantago enamovirus (PEV), and Plantago closterovirus (PCV). (datadryad.org)

The coat protein subunits play a key role in the life cycle of the virus. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, an M segment-encoded nonstructural protein, NS M , was recently identified in the nairovirus Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Each virus species has a unique coat protein (CP). (natureasia.com)
Preparing antibodies that stick to this particular protein can be used to detect the presence of the virus. (natureasia.com)
She even comments, "About 30% of the protein adaptations that make us human have been shaped by the viruses that infected our ancestors. (panspermia.org)

Because no single test exists to identify viruses, traditional laboratory processing can be time-consuming and ineffective, for example, when dealing with the emergency of a disease outbreak. (aaas.org)
Beet mosaic virus, known scientifically as BtMV, is an unfamiliar disease for most gardeners. (gardeningknowhow.com)
If you've had trouble with beet mosaic virus spreading to your garden from nearby farms or gardens, it is especially important to control aphids in the garden during mid-spring, when the disease is often introduced. (gardeningknowhow.com)
Biosecurity experts at CABI believe the effects of the fungus known as Panama disease tropical race 4 (TR4), together with the Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV) and the Banana Skipper butterfly (Erionota spp), could destroy banana plantations across Asia, Africa and Latin America. (cabi.org)
This may be done to open up the interior of a plant to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on plant disease. (backyardgardener.com)
The recently recognized hantavirus-associated disease among residents of the southwestern United States (1-4) and the identification of rodent reservoirs for the virus in the affected areas warrant recommendations to minimize the risk of exposure to rodents for both residents and visitors. (cdc.gov)
Another student of Bessey's, George Hedgcock, is credited with observing distinct cases of a disease that is today assumed to be the leafhopper-transmitted virus disease beet curly top, based on his symptom descriptions. (thefencepost.com)
Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) causes severe wheat viral disease in Asia. (bvsalud.org)
Over the next month, a highly effective collaboration ensued between the Indian Health Service, the University of New Mexico School of Medicine, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, leading not only to the successful isolation of the virus, but also to the identification of the reservoir and vector for the disease, Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse) (see image below). (medscape.com)
We expect that the course of Zika virus disease in pregnant women is similar to that in the general population. (cdc.gov)

Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus in melon, a member of the virus's host family, Cucurbitaceae . (natureasia.com)
Plant hosts are all in the family Poaceae. (bvsalud.org)
Terminology related to plant family and genera headings have been greatly expanded with more use of the scientific Latin binomial names and less use of common names as preferred terminology. (bvsalud.org)

Viruses depend on the organisms they infect (hosts) for their very survival. (medicinenet.com)
There is a wide range of hosts, depending on the species of aphid. (mortonarb.org)
Some species feed on only one host, some alternate between two host species and others feed on a number of hosts. (mortonarb.org)
Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, and Eric Delwart In episode #86 of the podcast This Week in Virology, Vincent and Rich travel to the Blood Systems Research Institute in San Francisco to speak with Eric Delwart about his work on virus discovery. (virology.ws)

The new kits promise to decrease virus detection costs and improve agricultural yield. (natureasia.com)
Altogether 27 P. lanceolata populations were surveyed for population characteristics and sampled for PCR detection of five recently characterized viruses. (datadryad.org)

Recently, scientists found a new type of herpes virus in these tarsiers. (npr.org)
CYSDV cannot be detected using serological tests, and scientists considered it too difficult to purify the virus in sufficient quantities to make antibodies. (natureasia.com)
This, coupled with a rising understanding among scientists that fungal viruses have very real and frequently negative consequences, hopefully means we're at the dawn of a new era when it comes to understanding fungal viruses. (theconversation.com)
Scientists are also starting to better understand how fungal viruses move between species. (theconversation.com)
Last year, a landmark report by scientists from IPBES (the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services ) stated that one million species are facing extinction. (lu.se)

Human infections with African-derived Ebolavirus species are characterized by an incubation period that is typically 3 to 8 days in primary cases and slightly longer in secondary cases. (medscape.com)
Under favorable conditions, new plants grow vigorously and typically begin producing flowers and fruit within a year of planting (Figure 2). (ufl.edu)
You may also want to delay planting beets until late spring to avoid the time when the greatest number of virus carrying aphids are typically present. (gardeningknowhow.com)
During this stage, the plant typically sheds its seeds and dies. (uky.edu)

Recombination analysis reveals a double recombination event in hepatitis E virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)

After a period of vegetative growth, the plant enters the reproductive stage where most of the energy production in the plant is devoted to seed formation. (uky.edu)

The thrips will insert their stylet and "clean" off any virus on their stylet before moving to the target crop. (wikipedia.org)
The pogramme's plant doctors are trained to diagnose any problem on any crop, which meant that they recently were able to identify the Banana Skipper when it first appeared in Sri Lanka. (cabi.org)
2015). As a vegetative propagated crop, viruses are carried from one crop cycle to the next through stem cuttings that are used as planting material. (agric.za)

This is the first report of a naturally BYMV infected lupine species in Washington. (usda.gov)
Xeriscaping is a method of planting which promotes naturally drought tolerant plants and water saving methods. (backyardgardener.com)

Proposed reference sequences for hepatitis E virus subtypes. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Here, we report a strategy to inactivate the eBSV by editing the virus sequences. (nature.com)

Aphids of several species are responsible for spreading the virus from plant to plant. (gardeningknowhow.com)
Control aphids by spraying down plants with water, by releasing natural predators, or by using a mixture of soap and water. (gardeningknowhow.com)
As individuals, aphids do little harm to a host plant, but large infestations can produce noticeable damage. (mortonarb.org)
Aphids produce 'honeydew', a sticky substance that can provide a favorable environment for the growth of sooty mold, which blocks light from the plant tissue. (mortonarb.org)
Viruses can be spread by aphids. (mortonarb.org)
The possibility of virus transmission during feeding can be more serious than the feeding damage done by the aphids. (mortonarb.org)
The number of generations per year will vary by species, but, generally, only female aphids that can give birth to living young without mating are present during the summer. (mortonarb.org)

The threat that a pandemic virus may emerge is serious and expected to persist. (who.int)
This divergence underscores the difficulty of developing a predictably protective vaccine before the emergence of the actual pandemic virus. (who.int)

Barrier Crops: One common form of management for viruses is to plant a desirable host for thrips around the cropping system. (wikipedia.org)
The B-biotype attacks some 600 species of plant around the world, including important crops such as cotton. (newscientist.com)
The ARC-VIMP conducts research to investigate and characterize known, emerging and novel viruses of sweet potato, potato and cassava crops. (agric.za)

It has a wide host range, with at least 200 susceptible species. (wikipedia.org)
As with many plant viruses, diagnosis is very difficult because TSV has very wide host range and has different effects depending on the host being infected. (wikipedia.org)
Once the virus has penetrated into the host cells, it uncoats and releases its viral genomic RNA into the cytoplasm and expressed proteins replicate. (wikipedia.org)
Due to its wide host range, TSV may also infect many weed species, so keeping fields free of weeds is a good control strategy. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we examine experimental coinfections of two Cripaviruses - Cricket Paralysis Virus (CrPV), and Drosophila C Virus (DCV) -across a panel of 25 Drosophila melanogaster inbred lines and 47 Drosophilidae host species. (biorxiv.org)
Across host species, we find no evidence of systematic changes in susceptibility during coinfection, with no interaction between DCV and CrPV detected in the majority of host species. (biorxiv.org)
For example, some viruses protect the host against other infections. (medicinenet.com)
Viruses cannot reproduce without the assistance of a host. (medicinenet.com)
Contagiousness refers to the ability of a virus to be transmitted from one person (or host) to another. (medicinenet.com)
This may directly affect pollinators if the host plant that a pollinator needs to survive is overtaken by another plant species. (fws.gov)
Apart from the physical damage they inflict on plants, whitefly often inject viruses into their host as they feed. (newscientist.com)
An aphid feeds on its host plant by inserting its beak-like mouthparts into plant tissue and sucking out sap. (mortonarb.org)
Viruses can be transmitted to completely new host species that they have not previously infected. (virology.ws)
On rare occasions, a novel population of viruses arises in the new host. (virology.ws)
2 Viruses enter into a host cell for replication (the process of producing two identical replicas of RNA, ribonucleic acid or DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid) and take over the cell's biological machinery. (icr.org)
Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) can be harnessed to sequence-specifically degrade host transcripts and induce heritable epigenetic modifications referred to as virus-induced posttranscriptional gene silencing (ViPTGS) and virus-induced transcriptional gene silencing (ViTGS), respectively. (ed.ac.uk)

Virus species richness declined with increasing plant diversity and richness in natural populations while in agricultural edge populations' species richness was moderately higher, and not associated with plant richness. (datadryad.org)
The data set was collected by sampling leaf samples from 10 Plantago lanceolata plants from 27 populations. (datadryad.org)

Passion fruit is not listed on either the USDA Florida noxious weeds list or the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's list of Invasive Plant Species. (ufl.edu)
Weeds are plants that are growing where they are not wanted. (uky.edu)

All viruses were reviewed and updated to conform with the 7th Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). (bvsalud.org)

A plant virus was extracted from diseased L. luteus and characterized using biological and molecular techniques. (usda.gov)

They sent extracts from the plants to the University of Southampton's Agrochemical Evaluation Unit, where they were tested for any activity against pests. (newscientist.com)

I was fascinated by the fact that in a drop of seawater you could have a million viruses. (aaas.org)
For example, sequencing and understanding viruses in seawater in areas where people recreate can help determine if those waters are safe. (aaas.org)

All of this deepens our understanding of how these viruses emerge and function - which makes combating them potentially easier in future. (theconversation.com)

Anatomy27

Organisms103

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs34

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes68

Disciplines and Occupations5

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture15

Information Science4

Health Care8

Genus18

Bacteria17

Pathogenic3

20231

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Vectors7

Diseases11

20192

Cases of Ebola virus d1

Genome10

Fungi5

Influenza virus2

Invasive species8

Strains2

Humans9

20201

Physiology3

Researchers10

Causes COVID-191

Potyviridae1

Infectious6

Genes9

Viral Infection4

Cultivars2

Past 25 years1

Interactions3

Particles8

Ebola9

Outbreaks4

Isolates4

Soil7

Infection13

Pathogens2

Infect other cells1

Debris2

Pathologist3

Insects5

Infects2

Bacterial2

Tick-borne1

Occur2

Ecosystems3

Pathogen4

Symptoms7

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Specific primers2

Protein5

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Family3

Hosts4

Detection2

Scientists5

Typically4

Recombination1

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Host16

Populations2

Weeds2

ICTV1

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Emerge1