• Fungal plant pathogens can be classified as biotrophs, necrotrophs or hemibiotrophs based on their life-style and interaction with the host. (nature.com)
  • Hemibiotrophic fungi represent the most interesting group of pathogens since they use sequential biotrophic and necrotrophic infection strategies to invade and colonize host plants 1 . (nature.com)
  • Phytohormone signaling involving JA, ET or SA is an integral component of multilayered host-defense system against plethora of fungal pathogens. (nature.com)
  • Endophytes are abundant in plants and studies are continuously emanating on their ability to protect plants from pathogens that cause diseases especially in the field of agriculture. (frontiersin.org)
  • We have targeted expression of the probes to specific subcellular compartments in Arabidopsis and tobacco leaves and have used these plants to uncover new aspects of plant response to high light and pathogens. (plymouth.ac.uk)
  • Among them, jasmonates, as well as abscisic and salicylic acids are responsible for triggering and modulating plant reactions targeted against pathogens and herbivores, as well as resistance to abiotic stress (drought, UV-irradiation and mechanical wounding). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Besides causing direct damage to its host plants, T. tabaci has been known as an asymptomatic transmitter of plant pathogens such as tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) and tomato yellow ring virus (TYRV). (academicjournals.org)
  • Plant pathogens can profoundly affect host plant quality as perceived by their insect herbivores, with potentially far-reaching implications for the ecology and structure of insect communities. (mdpi.com)
  • Agrobacterium, Ustilago) affect the balance of hormones in plant- pathogen interactions and thereby change the growth of the host at the site of infection. (bspp.org.uk)
  • Plant hormones (or phytohormones) are signal molecules, produced within plants, that occur in extremely low concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plant hormones control all aspects of plant growth and development, including embryogenesis, the regulation of organ size, pathogen defense, stress tolerance and reproductive development. (wikipedia.org)
  • Unlike in animals (in which hormone production is restricted to specialized glands) each plant cell is capable of producing hormones. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plant hormones affect gene expression and transcription levels, cellular division, and growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • Early in the study of plant hormones, "phytohormone" was the commonly used term, but its use is less widely applied now. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plant hormones are not nutrients, but chemicals that in small amounts promote and influence the growth, development, and differentiation of cells and tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • The biosynthesis of plant hormones within plant tissues is often diffuse and not always localized. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plants lack glands to produce and store hormones, because, unlike animals-which have two circulatory systems (lymphatic and cardiovascular) powered by a heart that moves fluids around the body-plants use more passive means to move chemicals around their bodies. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plants utilize simple chemicals as hormones, which move more easily through their tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plant cells produce hormones that affect even different regions of the cell producing the hormone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hormones are transported within the plant by utilizing four types of movements. (wikipedia.org)
  • Not all plant cells respond to hormones, but those cells that do are programmed to respond at specific points in their growth cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plants need hormones at very specific times during plant growth and at specific locations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plants can also break down hormones chemically, effectively destroying them. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plant hormones frequently regulate the concentrations of other plant hormones. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plants also move hormones around the plant diluting their concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
  • The concentration of hormones required for plant responses are very low (10−6 to 10−5 mol/L). Because of these low concentrations, it has been very difficult to study plant hormones, and only since the late 1970s have scientists been able to start piecing together their effects and relationships to plant physiology. (wikipedia.org)
  • Much of the early work on plant hormones involved studying plants that were genetically deficient in one or involved the use of tissue-cultured plants grown in vitro that were subjected to differing ratios of hormones, and the resultant growth compared. (wikipedia.org)
  • the determination and observation of plant hormones and their identification was spread out over the next 70 years. (wikipedia.org)
  • Synergism in plant hormones refers to the how of two or more hormones result in an effect that is more than the individual effects. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plant hormones play a key role in the regulation of plant development and response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gas chromatography (GC) coupled on-line to mass spectrometry (MS) is routinely applied for the simultaneous analysis of multiple hormones in plant tissues [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When the medium contains the correct nutrients and plant hormones, cotton fibers will develop on the seed surface. (usda.gov)
  • Using a sensitive method to monitor the transcripts of thousands of genes, we are comparing cultures containing two plant hormones with cultures that are missing these two growth regulators. (usda.gov)
  • Plants also have hormones-called phytohormones-but, scientists know much less about them. (riken.jp)
  • The plant scientists at RIKEN CSRS wanted to find out whether any plant hormones respond to physical-abiotic-stress. (riken.jp)
  • As first author Fuminori Takahashi explains, "Although we know that some peptide hormones in plants mediate cellular development, until now nobody had identified any that regulate responses to physical stresses such as dehydration. (riken.jp)
  • Principles of the mode of action of phytohormones and examples of the interaction of hormones and mineral nutrients on source and sink strength and yield formation are discussed in this edition. (nhbs.com)
  • Auxins are a class of plant hormones (or plant growth substances) with some morphogen-like characteristics. (phys.org)
  • Went and Thiman then co-authored a book on plant hormones, Phytohormones , in 1937. (phys.org)
  • To begin defining exactly what plant growth regulators are we need to understand plant hormones, also known as phytohormones. (hightimes.com)
  • Plant hormones are natural to the plant kingdom and similarly to animal hormones, play major roles in a plants growth and development. (hightimes.com)
  • It is traditionally accepted that there are 5 major classes of natural plant hormones (endogenous) that play key roles in a plants life cycle. (hightimes.com)
  • In response to the signal transduction pathway (initiated by the presence of plant hormones or PGRs), repressor proteins for example are then broken down and the "stop breaks" are removed. (hightimes.com)
  • As the little bumps on HRs resembled calli that often develop on plant tissues treated with hormones, we proposed naming this new HR-based protein production system "rhizocalli. (databasefootball.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Strigolactones represent the most recently described group of plant hormones involved in many aspects of plant growth regulation. (bvsalud.org)
  • ACC, a novel signaling molecule in plants, not just the precursor of ethylene! (uhasselt.be)
  • The phytohormone ethylene is known to be a crucial player in stress control. (uhasselt.be)
  • Despite these advances, external factors influencing the production of phytohormones are less well studied. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • Plant-growth-promoting (PGP) activities include the production of phytohormones, siderophores and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase as well as the solubilization of inorganic phosphate. (benthamscience.com)
  • By multi-faceted approaches using the reference plant Arabidopsis, my lab has made major breakthroughs in elucidating the sites and regulatory mechanisms of GA biosynthesis, and the conserved molecular events of GA perception and the early GA signaling pathway. (duke.edu)
  • Previous work in our lab had shown that turnip and Arabidopsis , both members of the Brassicaceae family of plants, were valuable species for generating HRs producing foreign proteins. (databasefootball.com)
  • Hence earthworms may enhance the release of nutrients that become available to plants and thus increase plant growth when they allow higher nutrient uptake than nutrient leaching [ 11 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Great progress has been made in the understanding of various aspects of plant nutrition and in recent years the view on the mode of action of mineral nutrients in plant metabolism and yield formation has shifted. (nhbs.com)
  • Nutrients are not only viewed as constituents of plant compounds (constructing material), enzymes and electron transport chains but also as signals regulating plant metabolism via complex signal transduction networks. (nhbs.com)
  • The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (harvard.edu)
  • Cytokinins (CKs) are one class of important phytohormones widely investigated in most aspects of plant life. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Here we describe a method that is based on single step purification protocol followed by LC-MS separation and detection for parallel analysis of auxins, cytokinins and their metabolites in various plant tissues and cell cultures. (cas.cz)
  • More insight in these signaling molecules is hampered by their extremely low concentrations in complex soil and plant tissue matrices, as well as their instability. (bvsalud.org)
  • A total of twenty genes functioning in different aspects of plant defense that were monitored over a time course during the changing infection phases showed a coordinated response. (nature.com)
  • The wild plant species adapted to the Mongolian grassland environment may allow us to explore useful genes, as a source of unique genetic codes for crop improvement. (frontiersin.org)
  • We discuss the possibility that C. virgata phytohormone signaling and biosynthesis genes regulate early germination and growth advantages. (frontiersin.org)
  • Transcript abundance of the genes causing the increase in cell wall thickness was measured in cultures established under different plant hormone compositions. (usda.gov)
  • By transcript profiling with oligo-microarrays we have begun to identify genes that are differentially regulated in cultures established with auxin and gibberellin compared to cultures where the phytohormones are absent. (usda.gov)
  • Tomato plants have evolved broad defense mechanisms regulated by the expression of defense genes, phytohormones, and secondary metabolites present constitutively and/or. (researchgate.net)
  • Plants respond to various stimuli under abiotic or biotic stress condition and express certain genes either structural or regulatory genes which maintain the plant integrity. (scielo.br)
  • These bacterial genes are integrated into the genome of a plant cell at the moment of infection by the bacterium. (databasefootball.com)
  • Defence-related genes in primary roots of B. oleracea plants were affected by the leaf-chewing herbivores, but these changes were largely overridden upon local induction by D. radicum . (springer.com)
  • Our work is revealing the complex regulatory network between the GA pathway and other pathways to control plant growth and development. (duke.edu)
  • Plants are immobile and, to overcome harsh environmental conditions such as drought, salt, and cold, they have evolved complex signaling pathways. (mdpi.com)
  • Plants make extensive use of signal transduction pathways throughout their life. (hightimes.com)
  • Alleviating aluminum toxicity in plants: Implications of reactive oxygen species signaling and crosstalk with other signaling pathways. (harvard.edu)
  • Moreover, our transcriptome map demonstrated the expression profiles of orthologs involved in the biosynthesis of these phytohormones and their signaling networks. (frontiersin.org)
  • These factors induce dramatic changes in phytohormone biosynthesis and transport leading to rapid local and systemic stress responses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutations affecting GA biosynthesis or GA response were the key to control plant stature in wheat and rice that led to dramatically increased grain yield and contributed greatly to the success of the 'Green Revolution' in the 1960s. (duke.edu)
  • In some plant species, AA is the substrate for the biosynthesis of oxalate and tartrate (Smirnoff and Wheeler, 2000). (deepdyve.com)
  • Auxins have a cardinal role in coordination of many growth and behavioral processes in the plant's life cycle and are essential for plant body development. (phys.org)
  • Auxins and their role in plant growth were first described by the Dutch scientist Frits Went. (phys.org)
  • This study elucidates the mechanisms employed by endophytes in protecting the plant from diseases and different bioactivities of importance to humans with a focus on endophytic bacteria and fungi. (frontiersin.org)
  • This review aimed to present the various mechanisms of action used by endophytes in protecting a plant and report some bioactivities of importance to people with special emphasis on endophytic bacteria and fungi. (frontiersin.org)
  • Understanding of underlying mechanisms is of principle interest for scientists working in various areas of plant biology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Improving Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants explains the physiological and molecular mechanisms plants naturally exhibit to withstand abiotic stresses and outlines the potential approaches to enhance plant abiotic stress tolerance to extreme conditions. (routledge.com)
  • Earthworms are usually assumed to enhance plant growth through different mechanisms which are now clearly identified. (hindawi.com)
  • They are likely to change the relative strength of the various mechanisms involved in plant-earthworm interactions. (hindawi.com)
  • Then, we systematically discuss the effect of main soil characteristics (soil texture, OM, and nutrient contents) on the different mechanisms allowing earthworm to influence plant growth. (hindawi.com)
  • Although these mechanisms are well identified, it is difficult to determine their relative influence [ 4 ] and to predict the impact of a given earthworm species on a given plant species. (hindawi.com)
  • Soil properties may inhibit or stimulate some of the mechanisms through which earthworms tend to increase plant growth. (hindawi.com)
  • Below, we go through the different mechanisms listed above and try to determine how soil properties should modulate their effect on plant growth. (hindawi.com)
  • They are feedback mechanisms that allow plants to respond to environmental and chemical changes. (hightimes.com)
  • Rhizobia are important members of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that exert the positive effects on plant growth via direct and indirect mechanisms. (benthamscience.com)
  • This review details the anatomy, development, physiology, and molecular characteristics of the Lemnaceae to introduce them to the broader plant research community. (osti.gov)
  • He has been recognized as Young Scientist of the Year from Indian Society of Plant Physiology and Scientific and Environmental Research Institute, India and Junior Scientist of the Year from National Environmental Science Academy New Delhi, India. (routledge.com)
  • The effect of saline irrigation on selected soil properties, plant physiology and vegetative reproductive growth of Palsteyn appricots (Prunus armeniaca L.) .​ PhD (Agric), Supervisor/Co-supervisor: Dr WAG Kotze/Dr MD Kramer. (sun.ac.za)
  • They gain entrance into the seed, leaf, stem, and root of a plant and they are not harmful to the host plant ( Yadav, 2018 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Tentative Outline: Spectrum of Physiological and Molecular Responses in Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance. (routledge.com)
  • Working on the metabolism of plants under different abiotic stresses, Dr. Khan has found a significant role of phytohormones in the regulation of plant growth and development and have suggested that phytohormones play an important in controlling stress responses and interacts in coordination with each other for defense signal networking to fine tune tolerance mechanisms. (routledge.com)
  • however, very little is known about how the saliva of herbivores may interfere with plant defensive responses. (psu.edu)
  • Soil properties are likely to be very influential in determining plant responses to earthworm activities. (hindawi.com)
  • Phytohormones have a role as chemical messengers (internal signals) to coordinate development and responses to environmental stimuli at the whole plant level. (nhbs.com)
  • This project aims to unravel how and under which form ACC regulates normal plant growth and the responses to flooding and heavy metal stress. (uhasselt.be)
  • The Ca 2+ sensor proteins CML37 and CML42 antagonistically regulate plant stress responses by altering phytohormone signals. (mpg.de)
  • The BNS and modulation of plant defense in response to BNS is not well understood 4 . (nature.com)
  • and for revealing potentially novel strategies in plant defense and genome maintenance. (osti.gov)
  • Nitric oxide-induced AtAO3 differentially regulates plant defense against Pseudomonas syringae pv. (umu.se)
  • Recent findings indicate that saliva is enriched with an array of molecules that function in defense against microbial infection, digestion of plant tissues, and in suppressing induced defenses of plants. (psu.edu)
  • Plant defense under Arctic light conditions: Can plants withstand invading pests? (mpg.de)
  • Analysis of cotton ovule cultures using contemporary techniques in plant molecular biology offers the potential for uncovering fundamental aspects of plant growth and development that will also be useful for designing applied approaches for cotton improvement. (usda.gov)
  • But in the following decade, inoculants-microbial products that can absorb nitrogen from the air and transfer it to the roots of plants, reducing the need for chemical nitrogen fertilizers-were rapidly adopted at large scale in soy farming. (fapesp.br)
  • Plant roots often grow twice as large with the product," says Hungria. (fapesp.br)
  • Applying many CLE peptides to plant roots showed that only CLE25 led to increased ABA in the leaves and pore closure. (riken.jp)
  • In addition to this artificial situation, they showed that CLE25 levels increase in the roots of plants that are subjected to dehydration stress, leading to the same results. (riken.jp)
  • Plant Roots" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Plant Roots" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Plant Roots" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Plant Roots" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
  • Rhizobia are composed of specific groups of bacteria that have the ability to induce symbiotic nitrogen-fixing nodules on the roots or stems of leguminous plants. (benthamscience.com)
  • Integrative multi-omics analyses of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) roots and leaves reveal how the halophyte land plant copes with sea water. (mpg.de)
  • These roots differ from normal plant roots by not growing towards the soil and by carrying many root hairs, hence their name of "hairy roots" (HRs). (databasefootball.com)
  • These findings are described in the article entitled Enhanced production of recombinant human gastric lipase in turnip hairy roots , published in the journal Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) . (databasefootball.com)
  • The anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-bacterial properties of this plant have been attributed to the presence of a number of polyphenols in the seeds, roots and leaves 11 - 13 . (scialert.net)
  • In nitrogen-deficient plants, auxin also accumulates in the root vasculature but a more alkaline apoplast leads to retention of auxin in these tissues and prevents lateral root formation. (nature.com)
  • Endophytes are generally isolated from the internal tissues of plants after surface sterilization. (frontiersin.org)
  • Only a few microorganisms such as endophytic microbes and mycorrhiza fungi can be exceptional and find their way into the inner tissues of a plant. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, highly sensitive, precise and high-throughput methods for quantification of these phytohormones in small samples of plant tissues are still missing. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Parallel determination of auxin and cytokinin levels within plant organs and tissues represents an invaluable tool for studies of their physiological effects and mutual interactions. (cas.cz)
  • It is mainly synthesized in cotyledons, young leaves and other growing tissues, and is transported to targeted issues via polar transport to regulate plant development and growth. (phys.org)
  • Their role within the plant is a focus for much research, with studies using recent advances in mass spectrometry performance allowing the quantification of low levels of phytohormones extracted from plant tissues. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • Unlike other plant tissues which are grown in vitro , they have an indefinite growth without any phytohormone. (databasefootball.com)
  • Some phytohormones also occur in microorganisms, such as unicellular fungi and bacteria, however in these cases they do not play a hormonal role and can better be regarded as secondary metabolites. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phytohormones are the key metabolites participating in the regulation of multiple functions of plant organism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They are naturally produced within plants, though very similar chemicals are produced by fungi and bacteria that can also affect plant growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the 2000s EMBRAPA launched a new class of microorganisms formed by plant-growth-promoting bacteria. (fapesp.br)
  • In 2014, EMBRAPA launched a co-inoculation technology that allows both types of bacteria to be applied together before planting. (fapesp.br)
  • One of these challenges is reconciling the use of bacteria with the pesticides applied to seeds-pesticides often destroy microorganisms that are beneficial to plants. (fapesp.br)
  • Endophytic microbial consortia of phytohormones-producing fungus Paecilomyces formosus LHL10 and bacteria Sphingomonas sp. (umu.se)
  • The ability to detect phytohormones in matrices other than plant tissue presents the opportunity to study further the influence of factors such as below ground organisms and soil bacteria on phytohormone production. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • Went and Thimann coined the term "phytohormone" and used it in the title of their 1937 book. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additionally, it was cross-validated with a well-established GC-MS-based procedure and its applicability to a variety of plant species and organs was verified. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The method can be applied for the analyses of target phytohormones in small tissue samples obtained from any plant species and/or plant part relying on any commercially available (even less sensitive) tandem mass spectrometry instrumentation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • T. tabaci is among the major polyphagous thrips species since it has been recorded on more than 300 plant species (McKinlay, 1992). (academicjournals.org)
  • It is however difficult to determine their relative importance, and to predict a priori the strength and direction of the effects of a given earthworm species on a given plant. (hindawi.com)
  • Root traits explain rhizosphere fungal community composition among temperate grassland plant species. (harvard.edu)
  • The previous studies have demonstrated that variation in symbiotic performance is dependent on both rhizobial strains and plant species (or cultivars). (benthamscience.com)
  • By inducing plant defence, one insect herbivore species can antagonize or facilitate other herbivore species feeding on the same plant, even when they are separated in space and time. (springer.com)
  • We studied how six different leaf-chewing herbivore species of Brassica oleracea plants affected oviposition preference and larval performance of the root-feeding specialist Delia radicum . (springer.com)
  • Specialist insect herbivores feed on a single plant species or family, whereas generalists feed on plants from many phytochemically unrelated families. (springer.com)
  • In natural settings, plants are often attacked by multiple species of insect herbivores (Stam et al. (springer.com)
  • Potato cyst nematode (PCN) is a plant root sedentary endoparasite, specialized in the infection of solanaceous species such as potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). (bvsalud.org)
  • Their tiny size, rapid growth by clonal propagation, and facile uptake of labeled compounds from the media were attractive features that made them a well-known model for plant biology from 1950 to 1990. (osti.gov)
  • Synthesising developments in plant stress biology, the book offers strategies that can be used in breeding, genomic, molecular, physiological and biotechnological approaches that hold the potential to develop resilient plants and improve crop productivity worldwide. (routledge.com)
  • Written by a team of expert scientists, this book benefits researchers in the field of plant stress biology and is essential reading for graduate students and researchers generating stress tolerant crops through genetic engineering and plant breeding. (routledge.com)
  • Developmental Biology of Plants: A Symphony of Life), St. Petersburg: DEAN, 2014. (springer.com)
  • Stem cells play important roles in animal and plant biology, as they sustain morphogenesis and tissue replenishment following aging or injury. (researchgate.net)
  • This strategy resulted in dramatic increase in overall sensitivity, allowing successful determination of phytohormones in small (less than 50 mg of fresh weight) tissue samples. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This experiment and its outcomes demonstrate the value of studying phytohormones outside plant tissue, and the potential value of further research in this area. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • This effect is assumed to be a consequence of plant litter fragmentation and incorporation into the soil, as well as of the selective stimulation of microbial activity [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Here, a new approach is presented for the extraction of a range of phytohormones from plant growth media (soil and hydroponic solution), their identification using high mass accuracy mass spectrometry and subsequent quantification using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • Phytohormones are chemical messengers that regulate the growth of plants and their response to the environment. (phys.org)
  • Cell signaling in plant development usually involves a receptor (i.e. for a hormone or light molecule) and a signal transduction pathway, which concludes with a cellular response that is relevant to the plants development. (hightimes.com)
  • Plant/ crop productivity effected by the environmental strains such as water deficit condition (drought), Low temperature (cold), salt and High temperature (heat) these stresses disturb the signal transduction of gene regulatory systems of plants. (scielo.br)
  • To improve water and nutrient acquisition from the soil, plants can modulate their root system architecture. (nature.com)
  • Researchers at the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) in Japan have discovered a small hormone that helps plants retain water when none is available in the soil. (riken.jp)
  • Can We Predict How Earthworm Effects on Plant Growth Vary with Soil Properties? (hindawi.com)
  • 2 ] proposed that the response of plants to earthworms should depend on soil properties such as texture, mineral nutrient levels, and organic matter content. (hindawi.com)
  • The hypothesis that earthworm effects on plant growth should vary with soil type is based on two main reasons. (hindawi.com)
  • According to this rationale, the main mechanism through which earthworms affect plants should depend on soil type and in some soils earthworms might have no detectable or negative effect on plant growth. (hindawi.com)
  • References included in the survey of C and N contents in soil and the soil texture used in earthworm effects on plant growth. (hindawi.com)
  • 2. How Soil Properties Should Modulate Earthworm Effects on Plant Growth? (hindawi.com)
  • Plant-Soil Relationships: Nutrient Availability in Soils. (nhbs.com)
  • Adaptation of Plants to Adverse Chemical Soil Conditions. (nhbs.com)
  • Unlike transgenic plants that are generally grown in soil and produce pollen or seeds which can convey the transgene into the environment, transgenic HRs are fully contained in vessels and would be unable to grow outside. (databasefootball.com)
  • Endophytic microorganisms are referred to as the microbes that inhabit the internal parts of a plant. (frontiersin.org)
  • Being sessile, a plant cannot move itself to a comfortable environment and has to face both biotic and abiotic stresses present in the environment. (mdpi.com)
  • Abiotic stresses such as drought, flooding, high or low temperatures, metal toxicity and salinity can hamper plant growth and development. (routledge.com)
  • Antioxidants in Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance. (routledge.com)
  • Phospholipase C in Abiotic Stress Triggered Lipid Signaling in Plants. (routledge.com)
  • Utilization of Genetic Engineering Tools in Developing Abiotic Stress Tolerant Plants. (routledge.com)
  • We and other researchers further showed that GA-GID1-DELLA is a key regulatory module that controls plant growth by integrating internal developmental cues, and external biotic and abiotic signals (light, cold, salt and pathogen stresses). (duke.edu)
  • As Takahashi notes, "Our research absolutely has applications in the real world and should contribute to the development of abiotic stress-resistant crops that take advantage of the mobile peptide system in plants. (riken.jp)
  • Plants are exposed to multiple abiotic stresses such as submergence - an increasing problem due to global climate change - and cadmium accumulation in soils, resulting in important crop losses. (uhasselt.be)
  • The world is facing global warming due to urbanizations and industrialization and in this concerns plants exposed continuously to abiotic stresses which is a major cause of crop hammering every year. (scielo.br)
  • Abiotic stress is the key cause of crop hammering globally, reducing average yields of most of the major crop plants. (scielo.br)
  • Under the influence of abiotic stress plant change their molecular and physiological fine tuning and try to cope up and maintain the molecular and physiological disturbance which obtained from stress environment. (scielo.br)
  • A common mechanism for plant hormone action is the breakdown or activation of DNA transcription proteins. (hightimes.com)
  • Plant serine/arginine-rich proteins: versatile players in RNA processing. (mpg.de)
  • Plants are being sessile in nature it can't move from one place to other places and contentiously exposed by extensive array of environmental stresses like as water deficit condition (drought), low temperature (cold), salt and high temperature (heat) etc. (scielo.br)
  • Tolerance and susceptibility for plant under stress condition are complex events in which stresses may affect the multiple stage of plant development. (scielo.br)
  • Particular interest is on the role of herbivore salivary signals in suppressing the induced defenses of host plants. (psu.edu)
  • An analogical set called transduction of signals exists in all living organisms, including plants. (phys.org)
  • Drought and salinity stress severally affected in similar manner to plant and the leading cause of reduction in crop yield. (scielo.br)
  • Understanding how plants defend themselves may provide new information for plant breeders to select crop varieties that are better able to resist herbivory. (springer.com)
  • AA also controls plant development via regulation of phytohormone synthesis (Pastori et al. (deepdyve.com)
  • Before investigating how CLE25 induces ABA synthesis once it arrives at the leaf, the team created mutant plants that lacked CLE25 or ABA and performed several control experiments that confirmed that their findings. (riken.jp)
  • Phytohormone regulation of cotton fiber development in vitro. (usda.gov)
  • Phytohormone signalling and cross-talk to alleviate aluminium toxicity in plants. (harvard.edu)
  • In the last 20 years, endophytes isolated from most plants have shown themselves to be a rich source of natural products for industrial and agricultural use amongst several other applications. (frontiersin.org)
  • Interest in duckweed has steadily regained momentum over the past decade, driven in part by the growing need to identify alternative plants from traditional agricultural crops that can help tackle urgent societal challenges, such as climate change and rapid population expansion. (osti.gov)
  • Harnessing the plant microbiome to promote the growth of agricultural crops. (harvard.edu)
  • Plants are members of complex and diverse ecological communities, and in natural and agricultural settings alike, they are under attack by insect herbivores above- and belowground. (springer.com)
  • The seed germination of parasitic plants induced by host strigolactones leads to serious agricultural problems worldwide. (bvsalud.org)
  • Experiments using phytohormone priming and phytohormone inhibitors showed that resistance resulted from activation of JA-ET signaling pathway. (nature.com)
  • Physiological Response of Phytohormones in Modulation. (routledge.com)
  • The diterpenoid phytohormone gibberellin (GA) plays pivotal roles in regulating growth and development throughout the life cycle of higher plants. (duke.edu)
  • We are investigating the global functions of O -GlcNAcylation and O -fucosylation in regulating plant development. (duke.edu)
  • In land plants, auxin is an important and well-studied phytohormone that affects various aspects of plant development. (phys.org)
  • Boundary domains delimit and organize organ growth throughout plant development almost relentlessly building plant architecture and morphogenesis. (researchgate.net)
  • Plant aerial development relies on meristem activity which ensures main body plant axis development during plant life. (researchgate.net)
  • These plants should be prepared for fast germination and growth activity in response to the limited summer rainfall. (frontiersin.org)
  • In an effort to improve and encourage the domestication of this neglected nutraceutical plant, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of temperature, light and sowing depth on seed germination of Celosia argentea in order to put forth the best environmental condition necessary for its germination and domestication in South Africa. (scialert.net)
  • Esteemed plant nutrition expert and Horst Marschner's daughter, Dr. Petra Marschner, together with a team of key co-authors who worked with Horst Marschner on his research, now present a thoroughly updated and revised third edition of Marschner's "Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants", maintaining its value for plant nutritionists worldwide. (nhbs.com)
  • Azospirillum supports plant growth primarily by producing phytohormones. (fapesp.br)
  • Propagation of this plant is primarily through the seeds 14 . (scialert.net)
  • Tyr-Asp inhibition of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase affects plant redox metabolism. (mpg.de)
  • This damage interferes with the physiological activity of plants and such damage leads to low yield and quality in many crops. (academicjournals.org)
  • My research program uses molecular, proteomic, and physiological approaches to investigate insect-plant interactions. (psu.edu)
  • In these networks, phytohormones also play an important role. (nhbs.com)
  • An alternative to using enzymes from animals as therapeutic supplements in humans is to have the enzymes produced by plants. (databasefootball.com)
  • Through systemic plant-mediated interactions, leaf-chewing herbivores may affect the preference and performance of root-feeding herbivores. (springer.com)