Placenta metabolism fetal proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

The fetal fraction in maternal plasma cfDNA increased with gestational age, serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), β-hCG, and PlGF and decreased with increasing maternal BMI. (nih.gov)
It plays critical roles in facilitating nutrient, gas and waste exchange between the physically separate maternal and fetal circulations, and is an important endocrine organ, producing hormones that regulate both maternal and fetal physiology during pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
The corresponding specific proteins are mainly expressed in trophoblasts and have functions related to pregnancy. (wikipedia.org)
The placenta begins to develop upon implantation of the blastocyst into the maternal endometrium, very early on in pregnancy at about week 4. (wikipedia.org)
Adverse fetal, neonatal, and pediatric effects occur with maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. (medscape.com)
Current evidence supports the conclusion that women who drink heavily during pregnancy may produce children with features of fetal alcohol syndrome. (medscape.com)
You see, the body is amazing, and during pregnancy metabolism shifts to allow for things like FAT DEPOSITING. (sacredvesselacupuncture.com)
The idea, biologically, is to begin storing body fat to be used later in pregnancy (you may have heard me say before that in pregnancy we are preparing for preparing) when the metabolism shifts again. (sacredvesselacupuncture.com)
The aim of this work was to evaluate maternal circulating markers of insulin resistance, placental collagen, glycogen and lipid levels, and placental levels of proteins, mRNAs, and a microRNA involved in the endocytic pathway in the same cohort of control women and women with GDM who received or did not receive a diet enriched in EVOO (36 g/day) from weeks 24 to 28 of pregnancy until term. (bvsalud.org)
Thus, over-nourishing adolescent sheep is associated with a major restriction in placental growth which mediates a gradual slowing of fetal growth during the final third of pregnancy. (elsevierpure.com)
The proform of eosinophil major basic protein (proMBP), the most abundant protein in the eosinophil specific granule, is synthesized by the placenta and secreted into the maternal circulation, where it is found complex-bound to pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and other proteins. (nih.gov)
This ability is dependent on her nutritional supply, body size, body composition, and metabolism during pregnancy. (org.ng)
Maternal nutrition restriction in embryonic, placenta and fetal stages of pregnancy can result in metabolic compromise, cardiovascular, renal and adipose tissue dysfunction. (org.ng)
In the USA, while fetal exposure to tobacco decreases, cannabis use during pregnancy rises along with the enhanced perception that there are no risks with cannabis consumption during pregnancy [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Studies of calcium transfer across the placenta have been reviewed because of the physiological and nutritional importance of this mineral during pregnancy, especially in order to better understand its contribution to development of the fetal skeleton. (scirp.org)
Wooding, F.B.P., Morgan, G., Jones, G.V. and Care, A.D. (1996) Calcium transport and the localization of calbidin- D9K in the ruminant placenta during the second half of pregnancy. (scirp.org)
These hormones work together to control the growth and development of the placenta and the foetus, and act on the mother to support the pregnancy and prepare for childbirth. (physio-pedia.com)
HCG is the first hormone to be released from the developing placenta and is the hormone that is measured in a pregnancy test. (physio-pedia.com)
p32 mRNA and protein expression was significantly higher in the first trimester of pregnancy than at term, and expression in the trophoblast was significantly reduced in placentas from women with fetal growth restriction (FGR). (manchester.ac.uk)
Protein accounts for 20 percent of all calories in a twin pregnancy diet . (youaremom.com)
Vitamin D is essential in pregnancy, as it's required for proper calcium metabolism . (youaremom.com)
However, in the third trimester of pregnancy, which is also when foetal growth is greatest, overall LPL activity decreases, coupled with increased lipolytic and catabolic activity due to insulin resistance that occurs at the time of pregnancy [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Nutrient flow to the embryo and placenta is crucial for proper development and growth during pregnancy. (nature.com)
Certain maternal metabolism pathways change due to the nutrient transport during early pregnancy. (nature.com)
Environmental insults include fetal exposure to alcohol and anesthetics during pregnancy. (ohsu.edu)

p32 was highly expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast, the underlying cytotrophoblast (CTB), the vascular endothelium and by a proportion of cells in the villous stroma in first trimester and term placenta. (manchester.ac.uk)
PLK4 manufacturer expression of cyclooxygenase isoforms in developing rat placenta, human term placenta, and BeWo human trophoblast model. (m-entrepreneurship.com)

Furthermore, the amniotic fluid acts as a reservoir for alcohol, prolonging fetal exposure. (medscape.com)
The vital roles of amino acids in fetal nutrition and metabolism are consistent with our recent findings of the predominance of glutamine in fetal plasma and amniotic fluid and the unusual abundance of arginine and ornithine in the allantoic fluid, Wu et al . (scialert.net)
It's natural for the gestation stage to have nutritional requirements that respond to the growth of the baby, placenta, uterus, and amniotic fluid. (youaremom.com)
In the second trimester, amniotic fluid derives primarily from fetal lung and kidney. (lecturio.com)

Although there were no changes in placental lipid levels and lipid profile, GDM placentas were thicker than controls and showed increased glycogen and collagen content, alterations prevented by the EVOO enriched diet. (bvsalud.org)
Maternal betaine supplementation affects fetal growth and lipid metabo" by Yaelle Joselit, Khatia Nanobashvili et al. (cuny.edu)
We propose a temporal-specific mechanism by which maternal BS influences fetal growth and lipid metabolic outcomes of HF mice during prenatal development. (cuny.edu)
Possible targets of inflammatory cytokines include proteins involved in lipid metabolism and signaling 3 . (tamhsc.edu)
Lastly, the last mechanism looked at how maternal obesity in general affects gene expression in placental lipid metabolism 6 . (tamhsc.edu)
The last mechanism showed that pre-gravid obesity significantly modifies the expression of placental genes related to lipid metabolism 6 . (tamhsc.edu)
Studies have shown that there is a positive correlation between maternal BMI and placental dysfunction, particularly in regards to lipid metabolism 7 . (tamhsc.edu)
Effect of Maternal Obesity on Placental Lipid Metabolism. (tamhsc.edu)
In PE, lipid metabolism is altered. (biomedcentral.com)

The diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is based on findings in the following three areas: (1) characteristic facial anomalies (see image below), (2) growth retardation (intrauterine growth restriction and failure to have catch-up growth), and (3) CNS involvement (cognitive impairment, learning disabilities, or behavioral abnormalities). (medscape.com)
The aim was to investigate the consequences of nutritionally-mediated placental growth restriction on fetal organ growth, conformation, body composition and endocrine status during late gestation. (elsevierpure.com)
PE can cause foetal loss, intrauterine growth restriction, or developmental complications. (biomedcentral.com)
Research investigates the effects of maternal diet on fetal central nervous system development, such as protein restriction, manipulation of dietary fatty acid composition, and examination of the effects of a high-fat (western style) diet. (ohsu.edu)

The placenta connects to the fetus via the umbilical cord, and on the opposite aspect to the maternal uterus in a species-dependent manner. (wikipedia.org)
The protein syncytin, found in the outer barrier of the placenta (the syncytiotrophoblast) between mother and fetus, has a certain RNA signature in its genome that has led to the hypothesis that it originated from an ancient retrovirus: essentially a virus that helped pave the transition from egg-laying to live-birth. (wikipedia.org)
Placentas of these species also differ in their ability to provide maternal immunoglobulins to the fetus. (wikipedia.org)
Alcohol crosses the placenta and rapidly reaches the fetus. (medscape.com)
The fetus appears to depend on maternal hepatic detoxification because the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in the fetal liver is less than 10% of that observed in the adult liver. (medscape.com)
Can these dietary treatments improve morphological parameters in the fetus, decidua and placenta after placentation? (bvsalud.org)
The placental transfer of maternal calcium to the fetus represents a vital mechanism for fetal development and breast-milk production, yet little meaningful information is currently available regarding the biochemical mechanisms involved in this process. (scirp.org)
Once again, the use of different animal models as rodents, rabbit, sheep and bovine have demonstrate different mechanisms of calcium transport across the placenta and contribute to better understand its effects in both fetus and mother during the gestation. (scirp.org)
Stillbirth may result from a problem in the woman, placenta, or fetus. (merckmanuals.com)

citation needed] About 20,000 protein coding genes are expressed in human cells and 70% of these genes are expressed in the normal mature placenta. (wikipedia.org)
Some 350 of these genes are more specifically expressed in the placenta and fewer than 100 genes are highly placenta specific. (wikipedia.org)
It consists of general approaches on molecules (such as genes, transcripts, proteins and metabolites) of which a cell, tissue or organism is made. (peertechzpublications.com)
In a previous report using the resources of the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS), we found that low-to-moderate i n utero exposure to arsenic, a highly toxic and widespread pollutant, was associated with altered expression of several key developmental genes in the fetal portion of the placenta. (biomedcentral.com)
Using NanoString technology, we further analyzed the fetal placenta samples from the NHBCS for the expression of genes encoding arsenic transporters and metabolic enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to examine their relationship with arsenic exposure and with key developmental genes, after stratification by fetal sex. (biomedcentral.com)
Based on these results and prior studies, increased AQP9 expression may lead to increased arsenic transport in the female fetal placenta, which in turn may alter the expression patterns of key developmental genes that we have previously shown to be associated with arsenic exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
GDM placentas showed increases in megalin levels, in the expression of several genes involved in the endocytic pathway, and in miR-199, which targets these genes, alterations prevented by the maternal diet enriched in EVOO. (bvsalud.org)
Transcriptomic analysis on 72 h-exposed fetal testis explants revealed 187 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including genes involved in steroid synthesis and toxic substance response. (biomedcentral.com)
Although we previously reported that maternal choline supplementation downregulated mRNA expression of genes involved in de novo lipogenesis in fetal livers, such alterations were not observed with BS, suggesting differential effects of betaine and choline on fetal gene expression. (cuny.edu)
Homeobox (HOX) genes encode proteins that are important in normal foetal development. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
The multifunctional regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is considered not only as a cytoprotective factor regulating the expression of genes coding for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying proteins, but it is also a powerful modulator of species longevity. (springer.com)
The major characteristics of Nrf2 are to some extent mimicked by Nrf2-dependent genes and their proteins including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which besides removing toxic heme, produces biliverdin, iron ions and carbon monoxide. (springer.com)
Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) and contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or. (merckmanuals.com)
Whole exome sequencing of patients who experienced severe influenza reveals several genes, including scaffold protein AHNAK, with predicted loss-of-function variants that are also identified in our proteomic analyses. (cdc.gov)

Endocrine factors such as insulin like growth factor and thyroid hormones (Triiodothyronone (T 3 ) and Thyroxine (T 4 ) can also influence the time point of gut closure for protein and peptide absorption (Hadron et al . (scialert.net)
The fetal testis, whose endocrine function orchestrates the masculinization of many distant organs, is particularly sensitive to disruption by xenobiotics. (biomedcentral.com)

Thus, the overall objective of this group includes defining how abnormalities in maternal nutrition and metabolism affect critical developmental processes that lead to later disease. (ohsu.edu)

The placenta (PL: placentas or placentae) is a temporary embryonic and later fetal organ that begins developing from the blastocyst shortly after implantation. (wikipedia.org)
The embryonic heart from diabetic rats showed increased active FOXO1 levels, reduced protein levels of mTOR (a nutrient sensor regulating cell growth, proliferation and metabolism) and reduced mTORC2-SGK1 pathway, which phosphorylates FOXO1. (bvsalud.org)

Cannabis consumption by pregnant women continues to increase worldwide, raising concerns about adverse effects on fetal growth and deleterious impacts on the newborn, in connection with evidence of placental transfer of cannabis compound. (biomedcentral.com)
This study examines whether supplementation of betaine, a choline derivative, has positive effects on fetal metabolic outcomes in mouse progeny exposed to maternal obesity and GDM. (cuny.edu)

The next mechanism analyzed how the placenta reacts to high levels of circulating insulin from the mother, which crosses the placenta. (tamhsc.edu)

The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of the system A amino acid transporter and the Na+/H+ exchanger in vesicles isolated from the microvillous membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast of placentas of appropriate and small for gestational age babies. (manchester.ac.uk)

During this time, the placenta begins to produce insulin blocking chemicals. (sacredvesselacupuncture.com)
Conclusions: We identified novel beneficial effects of an EVOO-enriched diet in GDM women, a diet capable of regulating maternal insulin resistance, the structure and metabolism of the placenta, and the placental endocytic pathway, suggesting effects that may be beneficial for fetal development. (bvsalud.org)
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-Placental samples were analyzed using stereological techniques to quantify volumes and surface areas of key placental components in 88 OT1DM and 39 control subjects, and results related to maternal A1C and umbilical cord analytes (insulin, leptin, adiponectin, IGF-I, hematocrit, lipids, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6). (ed.ac.uk)
Fetal IGF-I but not fetal insulin emerges as a key correlate of placental substructural volumes, thereby facilitating feedback to the placenta regarding fetal metabolic demand. (ed.ac.uk)
Dive into the research topics of 'Placental Structure in Type 1 Diabetes Relation to Fetal Insulin, Leptin, and IGF-I'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. (ed.ac.uk)
At E12.5, BS prevented fetal and placental overgrowth and downregulated glucose and fatty acid transporters (Glut1 and Fatp1) and the growth-promoting insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) and its receptor Igf1r in the placenta of HF, glucose-intolerant dams (P (cuny.edu)
The second mechanism showed that obesity and subsequent exposure of the placenta to high levels of insulin leads to insulin insensitivity in the placenta 5 . (tamhsc.edu)
Identification of early transcriptome signatures in placenta exposed to insulin and obesity. (tamhsc.edu)

There were no biochemical differences between the membranes from the two groups of placentas, and there was no difference in the activity of the Na+/H+ exchanger. (manchester.ac.uk)
Chorioamnionitis Occurring in Women With Preterm Rupture of the Fetal Membranes Is Associated With a Dynamic Increase in mRNAs Coding Cytokines in the Maternal Circulation. (nbmrf.org.au)
Cheung PY, Walton JC, Tai HH, Riley SC, Challis JR: Immunocytochemical distribution and localization of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in human fetal membranes, decidua and placenta. (m-entrepreneurship.com)
Gibb W, Sun M: Localization of prostaglandin H synthase type two protein and mRNA in term human fetal membranes and decidua. (m-entrepreneurship.com)
Alfaidy N, Sun M, Challis JR, Gibb W: Expression of membrane prostaglandin E synthase in human placenta and fetal membranes and impact of labor. (m-entrepreneurship.com)
Premyslova M, Li W, Alfaidy N, Bocking AD, Campbell K, Gibb W, Challis JR: Differential expression and regulation of microsomal prostaglandin E(2) synthase in human fetal membranes and placenta with infection and in cultured trophoblast cells. (m-entrepreneurship.com)
Meadows JW, Eis AL, Brockman DE, Myatt L: Expression and localization of prostaglandin E synthase isoforms in human fetal membranes in term and preterm labor. (m-entrepreneurship.com)
Sangha RK, Walton JC, Ensor CM, Tai HH, Challis JR: Immunohistochemical localization, messenger ribonucleic acid abundance, and activity of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in placenta and fetal membranes for the duration of term and preterm labor. (m-entrepreneurship.com)

Prenatal exposure to alcohol is associated with a variable spectrum of effects referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), with fetal alcohol syndrome at the most severe end of that spectrum. (medscape.com)
The investigators suggest these findings provide evidence for HPA dysregulation due to chronic fetal alcohol exposure, which may lead to long-term psychologic and medical morbidity. (medscape.com)
We found that maternal arsenic exposure was strongly associated with expression of the AQP9 gene, encoding an aquaglyceroporin transporter, in female but not male fetal placenta. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results suggest that AQP9 is upregulated in response to arsenic exposure in female, but not male, fetal placenta. (biomedcentral.com)
In this context, we aimed to determine whether cannabis exposure has the potential to directly impact the human fetal testis. (biomedcentral.com)
P/PP/L) women because of their unique immunology and timicrobial drug treatment and vaccine for P/PP/L women physiology ( 3 ) and the complexities of balancing maternal who have had direct exposure to anthrax spores and antimi- and fetal risks. (cdc.gov)

This is particularly true in the placenta which can generate 1,25D3 locally via the enzyme 1alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27b) in both trophoblast and decidua. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

Both also decrease the transfer of amino acids, glucose, folic acid, zinc, and other nutrients across the placental barrier, indirectly affecting fetal growth due to intrauterine nutrient deprivation. (medscape.com)
The aim of the present study was to characterize the changes occurring in amino acids profile of camel milk protein during the 1st month of lactation and seek to justify such dynamics of change in relation to the specific needs of growing neonates. (scialert.net)
2005). Proteins of camel milk contain all essential amino acids and in its fats there are unsaturated aliphatic acids. (scialert.net)
The objective of this study was to characterize the changes occurring in amino acids of Camel milk protein and determine the dynamic relation ships among IGF-I, T 3 and T 4 during the 1st month of lactation and seek to justify such dynamics of change in relation to the specific needs of the growing neonates. (scialert.net)
Amino acids serve as building blocks for proteins and essential precursors for the synthesis of different physiological molecules-hormones, neurotransmitters, nitric oxide, creatine, glutathione, carnitine, and polyamines. (org.ng)
The initial rate of uptake of methylaminoisobutyric acid (a nonmetabolizable amino acid analogue) was 63% lower in vesicles from placentas of small for gestational age babies. (manchester.ac.uk)
It is concluded that there is an abnormality of system A amino acid transporter function in placentas of small for gestational age babies. (manchester.ac.uk)
Nrf2 consists of six functional Neh domains (Neh1-Neh6), from which, the amino-terminal Neh2 domain controls binding Keap1-the inhibitor protein Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, that is responsible for the cytosolic sequestration of Nrf2 under physiological conditions (Fig. 2 a). (springer.com)
Leptin is a 167 amino acid long protein hormone with important effects in regulating body weight, metabolism and reproductive function. (thermofisher.com)

Care, A.D. (1997) Fetal calcium homeostasis. (scirp.org)

In the 1980s, a foetal programming concept emerged that suggested that the intrauterine environment determines and programmes physiology and metabolism throughout life [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

We examined the placenta in a cohort of offspring of mothers with type I diabetes (OT1DM) to assess structural changes and determine whether these were related to maternal A1C, fetal hematocrit, fetal hormonal, or metabolic axes. (ed.ac.uk)
Maternal obesity increases the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which results in fetal overgrowth and long-lasting metabolic dysfunctioning in the offspring. (cuny.edu)
Hepatocytes (liver parenchymal cells) perform the liver's metabolic functions: Formation and excretion of bile as a component of bilirubin metabolism. (msdmanuals.com)
Alterations in six metabolic pathways were found on D 17 and D 45, including variations in the level of alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, glycerolipid metabolism, folate biosynthesis, and tyrosine metabolism. (nature.com)

Ethanol and its metabolite acetaldehyde can alter fetal development by disrupting cellular differentiation and growth, disrupting DNA and protein synthesis and inhibiting cell migration. (medscape.com)
But no study has been done directly associating MCT oil/Coconut oil consumption by trimester with changes in fetal growth/development or negative maternal outcomes. (sacredvesselacupuncture.com)
The major effects of nutritional challenges on fetoplacental growth and development appear to occur when the placenta is rapidly developing. (org.ng)
Previous studies show that maternal choline supplementation normalizes fetal growth and adiposity of progeny from obese mice. (cuny.edu)
Although a number of causes of poor fetal growth are known, the involvement of placental transport proteins in the etiology of growth retardation is not understood. (manchester.ac.uk)
Many organs of the body secrete hormones which affect the expectant mother, although when the placenta is developed it then takes over the production of many of these hormones, including: oestrogen, progesterone, human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), human placental lactogen, placental growth hormone, relaxin and kisspeptin. (physio-pedia.com)
Placental-Specific sFLT-1 e15a Protein is increased in preeclampsia, antagonises vascular endothelial growth factor signalling, and has antiangiogenic activity. (nbmrf.org.au)
This group's goal is to better understand how the growth of the placenta affects fetal development and long-term disease risk. (ohsu.edu)

In the third trimester her metabolism does a 180 and becomes catabolic. (sacredvesselacupuncture.com)
We examined the potential of proMBP as a maternal serum marker for fetal Down syndrome (DS) by determining its maternal serum concentration (MSpMBP) in 25 Down syndrome (DS) pregnancies and 152 control pregnancies in the first trimester, and in 105 DS pregnancies and 156 control pregnancies in the second trimester. (nih.gov)
Fetal blood calcium concentrations are maintained ~0.3-0.5 mmol/L higher than in maternal circulation, with the placenta transporting 100-150 mg/kg/day of calcium during the third trimester ( 4 - 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
In the first trimester, it is likely a transudate of maternal or fetal plasma. (lecturio.com)

BS fetal livers had enhanced mRNA expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mttp) (P (cuny.edu)

In humans, a thin layer of maternal decidual (endometrial) tissue comes away with the placenta when it is expelled from the uterus following birth (sometimes incorrectly referred to as the 'maternal part' of the placenta). (wikipedia.org)
The word placenta comes from the Latin word for a type of cake, from Greek πλακόεντα/πλακοῦντα plakóenta/plakoúnta, accusative of πλακόεις/πλακούς plakóeis/plakoús, "flat, slab-like", with reference to its round, flat appearance in humans. (wikipedia.org)
Placental mammals, including humans, have a chorioallantoic placenta that forms from the chorion and allantois. (wikipedia.org)
In humans, the placenta averages 22 cm (9 inch) in length and 2-2.5 cm (0.8-1 inch) in thickness, with the center being the thickest, and the edges being the thinnest. (wikipedia.org)
In humans, the placenta usually has a disc shape, but size varies vastly between different mammalian species. (wikipedia.org)

The critical factor for fetal survival and health is an adequate nutrient and oxygen supply to the dam during gestation. (org.ng)

[ 4 ] and (3) fetal alcohol spectrum disorder crosses all socioeconomic groups and affects all races and ethnicities. (medscape.com)

OBJECTIVE-Alteration of placental structure may influence fetal overgrowth and complications of maternal diabetes. (ed.ac.uk)
Review: Placental Transport and Metabolism of Energy Substrates in Maternal Obesity and Diabetes. (tamhsc.edu)

Sweiry, J.H. and Yudi-levich, D.L. (1984) Asymmetric calcium influx and efflux at maternal and fetal sides of the guinea-pig placenta: Kinetics and specificity. (scirp.org)

Reiswig, J.D., Frazer, G.S. and Inpanbutr, N. (1995) Calbindin-D9k expression in the pregnant cow uterus and placenta. (scirp.org)

Elevated levels of erythropoietin in the cord blood of newborns exposed to alcohol are reported and suggest a state of chronic fetal hypoxia. (medscape.com)

Fetal bilirubin is cleared from the circulation by placental transfer into the mother's plasma following a concentration gradient. (msdmanuals.com)

Examples of proteins with elevated expression in placenta compared to other organs and tissues are PEG10 and the cancer testis antigen PAGE4 and expressed in cytotrophoblasts, CSH1 and KISS1 expressed in syncytiotrophoblasts, and PAPPA2 and PRG2 expressed in extravillous trophoblasts. (wikipedia.org)
As well as fueling the formation of the placenta (it takes a lot of energy to grow organs). (sacredvesselacupuncture.com)
Furthermore, fetal weight but not maternal nutritional group were predictive of individual organ weight for all organs dissected. (elsevierpure.com)

Roberts JM, Escudero C. The placenta in preeclampsia. (ijmedicine.com)
Expectant management of severe preterm preeclampsia: A comparison of maternal and fetal indications for delivery. (nbmrf.org.au)
Effects of Pravastatin on human placenta, endothelium and women with severe preeclampsia. (nbmrf.org.au)

Extensive studies have demonstrated equivalent fetal and maternal alcohol concentrations, suggesting an unimpeded bidirectional movement of alcohol between the two compartments. (medscape.com)
This discovery provided new insight as to why fetal PTH levels were so low, yet fetal calcium levels were maintained higher than and independent of maternal calcium concentrations. (frontiersin.org)
Being pregnant creates increased demands for vitamin B6 because of its energetic transport throughout the placenta into fetal blood, where concentrations are 2-5 occasions greater than maternal concentrations. (canadianpharmacyonline-rxed.com)

Placentas are a defining characteristic of placental mammals, but are also found in marsupials and some non-mammals with varying levels of development. (wikipedia.org)
Increasing evidence suggests that such sex differences also exist during fetal development. (biomedcentral.com)
This is important for both maternal function and fetal development. (sacredvesselacupuncture.com)
This means her body begins to breakdown stored nutrition (iron, sugars, proteins, etc...) for fuel as the demand for fetal development increases before delivery. (sacredvesselacupuncture.com)
Our study is the first to evidence the presence of the ECS in the human fetal testis and to highlight the potential adverse effect of cannabis consumption by pregnant women onto the development of the male gonad. (biomedcentral.com)
This is an integral component of normal fetal development which facilitates safe neonatal transition to post-natal life. (frontiersin.org)
It reduces the tone of smooth muscles (causing constipation due to the water retention in the colon), contributes to breast development, increases the storage of fat due to its catabolic effect on metabolism and increases body temperature. (physio-pedia.com)
The team uses state-of-the-art magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain imaging to map the fetal central nervous system's development over time. (ohsu.edu)
During fetal development, maternal under-nutrition and over-nutrition are associated with an elevated risk of chronic diseases later in life. (ohsu.edu)

Often altered expression of a gene is not always causally related to a phenotype or a process and so a change in transcription is not always followed by protein synthesis. (peertechzpublications.com)
Pharmacology - Tobramycin, like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics, act on susceptible bacteria presumably by irreversibly binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit thereby inhibit-ing protein synthesis. (elephantcare.org)

Proteomics analysis of biological samples has the potential to identify novel protein expression patterns and/or changes in protein expression patterns in different developmental or disease states. (peertechzpublications.com)
We determined the expression of components of the ECS in the human fetal testis from 6 to 17 developmental weeks and assessed the direct effects of phytocannabinoids Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) on the testis morphology and cell functions ex vivo. (biomedcentral.com)

The lower mass of both the placenta and fetal liver was due to a reduction in cell number rather than an alteration in cell size. (elsevierpure.com)
At E17.5, BS reduced fetal adiposity and prevented liver triglyceride overaccumulation in HF versus NF fetuses (P (cuny.edu)
The maternal liver then conjugates and excretes the fetal bilirubin. (msdmanuals.com)

Despite conflicting reports, several investigators agreed that calcium concentration in the fetal blood is mainly regulated by fetal parathyroid hormone and plasma concentration of vitamin D3, a metabolite that plays a key role in calcium transport through the syncytial cells. (scirp.org)

The first mechanism determined how peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is utilized in comparison to mitochondrial FAO in placentas of obese mothers 4 . (tamhsc.edu)
Obese individuals who have minimum metabolism symptoms elements are generally offered being "metabolically healthy overweight (MHO)Inches. (bisindolylmaleimideix.com)

Smith, C.H. and Moe, A.J. (1992) Nutrient transport pathways across the epithelium of the placenta. (scirp.org)

p32 is a conserved eukaryotic protein which is primarily expressed in the mitochondria and regulates cell proliferation, migration and metabolism in various tissues. (manchester.ac.uk)

Higher UA and UN levels increased the risk of maternal and fetal outcomes. (biomedcentral.com)

The technology has emerged in numerous fields of research, including fetal medicine aiming to facilitate the understanding of fetal disease pathophysiology and discovery of predictive biomarkers [2]. (peertechzpublications.com)
New biomarkers for the prediction of spontaneous preterm labour in symptomatic pregnant women: a comparison with fetal fibronectin. (nbmrf.org.au)

However, relative fetal organ weights expressed as g/kg fetal body weight, with the exception of the gut, were not influenced by maternal dietary intake. (elsevierpure.com)
The placenta is a unique organ of reproduction that helps in the exchange of nutrients, respiratory gases and excretory waste between the mother and offspring. (org.ng)

Both ethanol and acetaldehyde modify the intermediary metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. (medscape.com)
Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and vitamins are key components in animal feeds that are required for a daily maintenance diet. (org.ng)

The placenta occasionally takes a form in which it comprises several distinct parts connected by blood vessels. (wikipedia.org)
Sometimes the blood vessels connecting the lobes get in the way of fetal presentation during labor, which is called vasa previa. (wikipedia.org)
Aged or damaged fetal red blood cells are removed from the circulation by reticuloendothelial cells, which convert heme to bilirubin (1 g of hemoglobin yields 35 mg of bilirubin). (msdmanuals.com)

Passive and active transport of bone-minerals occurs across the placenta to achieve higher fetal concentration of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium compared to maternal levels. (frontiersin.org)

Researchers have found that maternal obesity causes an increase in cytokines and mediators of the inflammatory signaling pathway leading to chronic inflammation state of the placenta. (tamhsc.edu)
Three mechanisms were identified that lead to dysfunction of the placenta due to maternal obesity. (tamhsc.edu)

Maternal, placental, and fetal samples were collected for metabolite and gene-expression assays. (cuny.edu)
In this study, we sought to examine the expression and function of p32 in the human placenta. (manchester.ac.uk)
As p32 expression is reduced in FGR placentas, this may contribute to some of the observed placental pathology, such as reduced CTB proliferation and mitochondrial dysfunction. (manchester.ac.uk)

Although all mammalian placentas have the same functions, there are important differences in structure and function in different groups of mammals. (wikipedia.org)
Recently, the use of metabolomics permitted to discover significant differences in 70 proteins within the trophoblastic cells of women with pre-eclampsia when compared with healthy control women. (peertechzpublications.com)

Biological factors are known to influence the fetal fraction (FF) of cell-free DNA and may also influence the accuracy of non-invasive prenatal testing. (nih.gov)

Smaller amounts of leptin are also secreted by cells in the epithelium of the stomach and in the placenta. (thermofisher.com)

Anatomy30

Organisms10

Diseases19

Chemicals and Drugs52

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes59

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Named Groups1

Pregnancy25

Term placenta2

Amniotic fluid4

Lipid9

Restriction4

Fetus9

Genes15

Endocrine2

Nutrition and metabolism1

Embryonic2

Effects on fetal2

Crosses the placenta1

Syncytiotrophoblast1

Insulin8

Membranes8

Exposure6

Decidua1

Amino9

Calcium homeostasis1

Physiology1

Metabolic4

Growth8

Trimester4

MRNA1

Humans5

Gestation1

Affects1

Diabetes2

Kinetics1

Uterus1

Hypoxia1

Placental transfer1

Organs3

Preeclampsia3

Concentrations3

Development9

Synthesis2

Developmental2

Liver3

Parathyroid1

Obese2

Nutrient1

Tissues1

Outcomes1

Biomarkers2

Organ2

Carbohydrates2

Blood3

Concentration1

Obesity2

Expression3

Differences2

Prenatal1

Epithelium1