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reported isolation of a strain of Halomonas bacteria, GFAJ-1, which could use arsenic as a nutrient when phosphate is limiting, and which could specifically incorporate arsenic into its DNA in place of phosphorus. (arjournals.com)
The original supposed arsenic strain, GFAJ-1, was isolated from the arsenic-rich sediments of California's Mono Lake by its ability to grow in artificial medium without phosphate but with high concentrations of arsenate. (arjournals.com)
The original paper by Wolfe-Simon claimed that the strain was able to use and substitute arsenic for phosphate in its DNA. (arjournals.com)
Based on this evidence, the authors concluded that arsenic in the bacteria did appear to be replacing phosphates in DNA and other molecules. (universetoday.com)
There are environments that are much richer in arsenic (and its corresponding arsenate salts) than they are in phosphorus. (corante.com)
They look different and grow more slowly than their phosphate-saturated brethren, and they'd clearly like ditch the arsenic at the first opportunity (add phosphate and they start growing more vigorously). (corante.com)
This makes the arsenic-from-the-ground-up idea look a lot more plausible, too, and you can be sure that the search for such organisms (using arsenate naturally, without having to be forced in the lab) will intensify. (corante.com)
Because of this, it's been hypothesized that life could use arsenic in place of phosphorus. (richardhowe.com)
In the lab they then effectively starved the bacteria, by depriving them of phosphate, but providing arsenate, which is a similar compound except with arsenic instead of phosphorus. (richardhowe.com)
Though you can find cobalt just about everywhere-in the soil, in mineral deposits, and even in crusts on the seafloor-it's always combined with other elements like nickel, copper, iron, or arsenic, such as in the bright crimson arsenate mineral erythrite . (mentalfloss.com)

The effects of arsenate concentration and temperature between 10ºC and 45ºC were investigated. (conicet.gov.ar)
Relative effects of arsenate on sodium, phosphate, and glucose transport by the rabbit proximal tubule. (springer.com)

They took a strain of bacteria from such an environment (Mono Lake sediments) and starved it of phosphate while providing it plenty of arsenate. (corante.com)
The end result appears to be bacteria that have incorporated arsenate into their metabolism. (corante.com)
The the Cysteine containing enzymatically active version of the domain is also found in the CDC25 class of protein phosphatases and a variety of proteins such as sulfide dehydrogenases and stress proteins such as Senesence specific protein 1 in plants, PspE and GlpE in bacteria and cyanide and arsenate resistance proteins. (embl.de)
It began with an extraordinary claim about bacteria using arsenate as a replacement when phosphate concentrations are low (1). (scienceblogs.com)
The amazing thing about this experiment is that the bacteria continued to grow in the presence of arsenate, albeit at a slower pace than controls that had access to phosphate. (richardhowe.com)
And based on indirect evidence, it appears that the bacteria actually replaced the phosphate in the backbones of its DNA with arsenate, though this hasn't been proven. (richardhowe.com)

55 Tetrarooseveltite, 60 Chursinite, 65 Clinobisvanite 08.B Arsenates and vanadates with additional anions, without H2O 08.BA With small and medium-sized cations: 10 Bergslagite 08.BB With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc. (wikipedia.org)
Vanadinite is a mineral in the apatite group of hexagonal (or pseudohexagonal) phosphates, vanadates, or arsenates. (gemrockauctions.com)

The colonies that grew under these conditions were picked out and grown under even higher arsenate concentrations, and the process was continued stage after stage. (corante.com)

rock phosphate crushing and grinding. (mniamniampizza.pl)
Rock Phosphate Grinding Ball Mill 2 VETURA Mining machine. (mniamniampizza.pl)
Ball mill grinding of phosphate rock to prepare the phosphate rock for use in the manufacture of phosphoric acid by reacting the phosphate rock with sulfuric acid is essential when central florida phosphate rock is used as the raw material for phosphoric,Rock phosphate grinding ball mill 2. (mniamniampizza.pl)
Rock phosphate. (mniamniampizza.pl)
Roller Rock Phosphate Grinding Mill vertical roller mill rock phosphate ball mill t hr Supply Ability: 100 Set/Sets per Month rock phosphate grinding mill 11 t/h. (apartman-tymian.cz)

Vitiron Suscaps (Calcium) acetate is a phosphate binder indicated to reduce serum phosphorus in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). (sdrugs.com)
Calcium acetate is a phosphate binder indicated for the reduction of serum phosphorus in patients with end stage renal disease. (sdrugs.com)

AMP-binding proteins may have evolved early to give AMP and then ADP and ATP pride of place in phosphoric anhydride energy metabolism. (tutordale.com)

In the slow step, arsenate ions exchange adsorbed phosphate ions in a 1:1 stoichiometry, and the reaction is first order with respect to arsenate concentration. (conicet.gov.ar)
Web ch coo table of polyatomic ions arsenate aso dihydrogen phosphate periodic table of ions arsenite hco benzoate chcoo number 26 borate bo. (edu.pl)
Web ch coo table of polyatomic ions arsenate aso dihydrogen phosphate periodic table. (edu.pl)

Fluroapatite (Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 F) - a hexagonal phosphate (PO 4 3- ) mineral of various colours. (variscancoast.co.uk)

Based on the results of this analysis, we also predict that the budding yeast arsenate resistance protein Acr2 and the ORF Ygr203w encode protein phosphatases with catalytic properties similar to that of the Cdc25 family. (embl.de)

EC 3.1.3.48 ) catalyse the removal of a phosphate group attached to a tyrosine residue, using a cysteinyl-phosphate enzyme intermediate. (embl.de)
Until very recently, the Cdc25 family was the only subfamily of tyrosine phosphates for which no three-dimensional structural data were available. (embl.de)

It's mostly found as phosphate, and phosphate groups are found all over the place: decorating proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, as the invariable outside of DNA helices, and as the key part of the ultimate energy currency of every living cell, ATP. (corante.com)
Transfer of P as the PO32 group opens the biological world of phosphate monoesters brought about by phosphoryl transfer enzymes and includes all the kinases for low molecular weight metabolites and for proteins in their myriads. (tutordale.com)

Arsenate minerals usually refer to the naturally occurring orthoarsenates, possessing the (AsO4)3− anion group and, more rarely, other arsenates with anions like AsO3(OH)2− (also written HAsO42−) (example: pharmacolite Ca(AsO3OH).2H2O) or (very rarely) [AsO2(OH)2]− (example: andyrobertsite). (wikipedia.org)
Both the Dana and the Strunz mineral classifications place the arsenates in with the phosphate minerals. (wikipedia.org)
Example arsenate minerals include: Annabergite Ni3(AsO4)2·8H2O Austinite CaZn(AsO4)(OH) Clinoclase Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3 Conichalcite CaCu(AsO4)(OH) Cornubite Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4 Cornwallite Cu2+5(AsO4)2(OH)2 Erythrite Co3(AsO4)2·8H2O Mimetite Pb5(AsO4)3Cl Olivenite Cu2(AsO4)OH IMA-CNMNC proposes a new hierarchical scheme (Mills et al. (wikipedia.org)

The new mineral Kernowite (Cu 2 Fe(AsO 4 )(OH) 4 ·4H 2 O) is a striking dark green colour and contains copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and arsenate (AsO 4 3- ). (variscancoast.co.uk)
It's a white arsenate (AsO 4 3- ) mineral that forms tufts of thin needle-shaped crystals infilling voids in mineral veins. (variscancoast.co.uk)
Cornwallite (Cu 5 (AsO 4 ) 2 (OH) 4 ) - A rare green mineral named in 1846 with copper (Cu) and arsenate (AsO 4 3- ) found at Wheal Gorland, like Kernowite. (variscancoast.co.uk)

We still don't know where most of it goes, or how the various phosphate-manipulating enzymes manage to still work, but working out those details will keep a lot of people busy for quite a while. (corante.com)

Successful Case Of Sudanese Phosphate Dry Ball Mill. (mniamniampizza.pl)
4 lm vertical mill for phosphate rock beneficiation plant in china agen specemen grinding mesin how to mine phosphate crusher for phosphate plant phosphate ball mill control system how to calculate carbon dioxide in phosphate beneficiation pla. (apartman-tymian.cz)
Ball mill grinding of phosphate rock to prepare the phosphate rock for use in the The hodic system protects the mill from corrosion by impressing a. (apartman-tymian.cz)
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nitrates NO -3 , nitrites NO -2 , phosphates PO 4 -3 , chromates CrO 4 -2 , cyanides -CN (yanide complexes with metal cations), arsenites AsO 3 -3 and arsenate AsO 4 -3 , sulfide S -2 , and other inorganic and organic anions such as phenolates, anions of anionic detergents R-SO -3 etc. (profibusiness.world)
The volume begins with this introductory chapter then proceeds to the chemical properties of inorganic phosphate that enable its several biological roles. (tutordale.com)

Additionally, we used mass spectrometry to show that DNA purified from cells grown with limiting phosphate and abundant arsenate does not contain detectable arsenate. (arjournals.com)

Due to the simple fact that GFAJ-1 grew in medium lacking phosphate when arsenate was provided, and because significant amounts of arsenate were detected in subcellular fractions. (arjournals.com)

The arsenates and uranium groups form sheets that are weakly held together by water molecules. (galleries.com)

This value, however, does not allow to discriminate between a diffusion-controlled process within the particles or a true ligand exchange reaction between soluble arsenate species and adsorbed phosphate species. (conicet.gov.ar)
That is even more surprising that the reactions involved in the biological processes are limited by the biological conditions of existence: there is no way that a reaction that requires a temperature of 100°C takes place in our body. (brussels-scientific.com)

The three main mill options for phosphate ore are: l Ring-roller mills: Vertical rollers rotate inside a fixed horizontal ring (Figure 1). (mniamniampizza.pl)

ATR-FTIR spectroscopy shows that these adsorbed phosphate species are mainly bidentate inner-sphere surface complexes, and that they are always present at the surface during desorption. (conicet.gov.ar)

Grinding generators are normally used in any Georgia phosphate market to reduce particle measurements. (mniamniampizza.pl)
Real-time phase tracking for wide-band optical frequency measurements at the 20th decimal place. (mpg.de)

We have found that arsenate is not needed for growth of GFAJ-1 when phosphate is limiting. (arjournals.com)
Cornwallite (green) with clinoclase (blue) and olivenite (dark green / brown) from Wheal Gorland, the same place the Kernowite was found. (variscancoast.co.uk)

After all, in higher organisms, it's that arsenate-for-phosphate switch that's responsible for arsenic's reputation as a poison. (corante.com)

The structure of meta-zeunerite is composed of arsenate tetrahedrons linked to uranium-oxygen groups that form distorted octahedrons. (galleries.com)

The kinetics of the arsenate-induced desorption of phosphate from goethite has been studied with a batch reactor system and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. (conicet.gov.ar)

A pseudomorph is generally an atom by atom replacement of one mineral's chemistry in place of another mineral's chemistry, while the crystal's outward shape remains largely unchanged. (galleries.com)

11.21 Phosphate Rock Processing 11.21.1 Process Description1-5 The separation of phosphate rock from impurities and nonphosphate materials for use in fertilizer manufacture consists of beneficiation, drying or calcining at some operations, and grinding. (mniamniampizza.pl)
phosphate rock crushing equipment Phosphate Stone Crushing Process. (mniamniampizza.pl)

Arsenate is able to promote the desorption of phosphate because both oxoanions compete for the same surface sites of goethite. (conicet.gov.ar)

The United States is the largest phosphate rock producer in the world. (mniamniampizza.pl)

Ingestion is the main route of exposure to other arsenites and arsenates for the general population. (cdc.gov)

The rust of metal salt farming newspaper and tv in addition to grinding machine lining is a very problem, particularly acid issues as encountered during the Fl phosphate fertilizer trade. (mniamniampizza.pl)

The editorial team of Archives of Environmental Protection implements an open access policy by publishing materials in the form of the so-called Gold Open Access and encourages authors to place articles published in the journal in open repositories (after the review or the final version of the publisher), provided that a link to the journal's website is provided. (pan.pl)

A number of physical methods all point in the same direction, to arsenate being incorporated into their biomolecules. (corante.com)

Scientists such as chemist Patrick Holland at Yale University are looking at ways to use cobalt in place of the more rare and expensive metals often used in industrial catalysts. (mentalfloss.com)

Organisms7

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs56

Phenomena and Processes8

Information Science2

Arsenic10

Effects of arsenate2

Bacteria6

Vanadates2

Concentrations1

Rock phosphate5

Phosphorus2

Metabolism1

Ions3

Hexagonal1

Budding yeast1

Tyrosine2

Proteins2

Minerals3

Mineral3

Enzymes1

Ball Mill4

Inorganic2

Grown1

Grew1

Molecules1

Reaction2

Mills1

Complexes1

Measurements2

Found2

Switch1

Structure1

System1

Replacement1

Process2

Sites1

World1

Main1

Metal1

Open1

Methods1

Rare1