Pituitary transcription factors. Medical search. Frequent questions

Histology of a normal anterior pituitary gland. (medscape.com)
Note the delicate acinar pattern of a normal pituitary gland (left), in contrast with disruption of the normal reticulin network in adenoma (right) (Wilder reticulin stain). (medscape.com)
Numerous types of tumors may involve the pituitary gland and sellar region, reflecting the complex anatomy of this area. (medscape.com)
In addition to tumors, a variety of nonneoplastic lesions may affect the pituitary gland, bringing a number of processes into the differential diagnosis of the tumors involving this region. (medscape.com)
Inflammatory hypophysitis is a rare disorder of the pituitary gland characterized by focal or diffuse inflammatory infiltration and, ultimately, destruction of the gland. (medscape.com)
The pituitary gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, fertility, growth, and the stress response. (umich.edu)
Combined pituitary hormone deficiency is a condition that causes a shortage (deficiency) of several hormones produced by the pituitary gland, which is located at the base of the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
The proteins are involved in the development of the pituitary gland and the specialization (differentiation) of its cell types. (medlineplus.gov)
The cells of the pituitary gland are responsible for triggering the release of several hormones that direct the development of many parts of the body. (medlineplus.gov)
Some of the transcription factors are found only in the pituitary gland, and some are also active in other parts of the body. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the genes associated with combined pituitary hormone deficiency can result in abnormal differentiation of pituitary gland cells and may prevent the production of several hormones. (medlineplus.gov)
Figure 3b-24: Histology of germinoma of the pituitary gland. (endotext.org)
The LHX3 LIM-homeodomain protein is critical for pituitary gland organogenesis and some nervous s. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
The pituitary gland is a central regulator of critical physiological processes such as metabolism, reproduction, growth and the stress response. (kcl.ac.uk)
Conversely, an over-proliferation of cells in the pituitary gland leads to tumours, which in turn can damage healthy pituitary tissue. (kcl.ac.uk)
The pituitary gland is a central regulator of growth, homeostasis and reproduction. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
The pituitary gland consists of the anterior and posterior lobes, both of which have separate developmental origins. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
The pituitary gland, located at the base of the brain, is composed of anterior (ie, adenohypophysis) and posterior (ie, neurohypophysis) regions. (medscape.com)
Regulation of the development of the mammalian anterior pituitary gland by transcription factors. (medscape.com)
For example, if the pituitary gland does not produce enough growth hormone in a child, they may have a permanently short stature . (symptoma.com)
Dev'tal and Genetic Causes of Hypopituitarism Pituitary Dysplasia  Result in aplastic, hypoplastic, or ectopic pituitary gland dev't Septo-Optic Dysplasia  Pit dysfunction leads to diabetes insipidus, GH def and short stature , and, TSH def. (symptoma.com)
The hypothalamus acts on the pituitary gland after signal integration, thus regulating various physiological functions of the body. (bvsalud.org)
The pituitary gland includes the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis, which differ in structure and function. (bvsalud.org)
Prolactin, a pituitary hormone that was discovered about 80 years ago and is primarily known for its functions in mammary gland development and lactation, is now known to participate in numerous functions across different phylogenetic groups. (bvsalud.org)
Fundamentally known for its secretion from lactotroph cells in adenohypophysis region of pituitary gland, newer studies have demonstrated a number of extrapituitary sites which secrete prolactin, where it acts in an autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine manner to regulate essential physiological and biochemical processes. (bvsalud.org)
The pituitary gland is a pea-sized endocrine gland that sits at the base of the brain. (medscape.com)
Often referred to as the "master gland", the pituitary gland synthesizes and releases various hormones that affect several organs throughout the body (see the images below). (medscape.com)
The pituitary gland is entirely ectodermal in origin but is composed of 2 functionally distinct structures that differ in embryologic development and anatomy: the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary) and the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary). (medscape.com)
Development of pituitary gland. (medscape.com)
The fully developed pituitary gland (see the image below) is pea-sized and weighs approximately 0.5 g. (medscape.com)
Pituitary gland, sagittal section. (medscape.com)
The pituitary gland is enveloped by dura and sits within the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone. (medscape.com)
Involvement of the pituitary gland tachycardia, petechial lesions appeared on his extremities, has been observed in some patients infected with Puumala and his platelet count dropped to 13,000/mm3. (cdc.gov)
The cause is usually unknown, but an estimated 2 to 5% of cases are inherited, often in genes associated with thyroid gland formation ( TSHR ) or transcription factors ( PAX8 , NKX2-1 ). (msdmanuals.com)

Other features of combined pituitary hormone deficiency include delayed or absent puberty and lack the ability to have biological children (infertility). (medlineplus.gov)
The prevalence of combined pituitary hormone deficiency is estimated to be 1 in 8,000 individuals worldwide. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in at least eight genes have been found to cause combined pituitary hormone deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
The genes associated with combined pituitary hormone deficiency provide instructions for making proteins called transcription factors, which help control the activity of many other genes. (medlineplus.gov)
Most people with combined pituitary hormone deficiency do not have identified mutations in any of the genes known to be associated with this condition. (medlineplus.gov)
Most cases of combined pituitary hormone deficiency are sporadic, which means they occur in people with no history of the disorder in their family. (medlineplus.gov)
Most cases of familial combined pituitary hormone deficiency are inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. (medlineplus.gov)
Patients with mutations in coding regions of the LHX3 gene have complex syndromes including combined pituitary hormone deficiency and nervous system defects resulting in symptoms such as dwarfism, thyroid insufficiency, infertility, and developmental delay. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Our goal is to better understand the molecular and cellular nature of paediatric combined pituitary hormone deficiency diseases in order to facilitate improved diagnosis, treatment, and family counselling. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Genetics of Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency: Roadmap into the Genome Era. (umich.edu)
Genetic analyses of bone morphogenetic protein 2, 4 and 7 in congenital combined pituitary hormone deficiency. (cdc.gov)

[ 2 ] of which the great majority in this region are pituitary adenomas. (medscape.com)
[ 3 ] Pituitary adenomas are uncommon in the pediatric population, but most tumors of childhood are clinically functioning adenomas and are thought to be more aggressive. (medscape.com)
Pituitary adenomas are neuroendocrine tumors derived from intrinsic cells of the adenohypophysis. (medscape.com)
Pituicytoma, granular cell tumor of the neurohypophysis, and spindle cell oncocytoma are nonneuroendocrine tumors arising in the posterior pituitary and occur much less frequently than pituitary adenomas. (medscape.com)
In this section the general characteristics of pituitary adenomas are discussed, followed by separate sections on subtypes of pituitary adenomas, pituitary neuroendocrine tumors grading, and pituitary carcinomas. (medscape.com)
Approximately 85% of masses from this region are pituitary adenomas, followed in incidence by craniopharyngioma, Rathke cleft cyst, meningioma, and metastasis. (cap.org)
In the 2017 World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of Endocrine Organs , pituitary adenomas remain classified by hormone expression as assessed by IHC staining. (cap.org)
A third transcription factor, pituitary cell-restricted T box factor (Tpit), drives corticotroph adenomas but its antibody is not yet commercially available as an IHC marker. (cap.org)
Why should the pathologist subtype pituitary adenomas? (cap.org)
Adenomas driven by the transcription factor SF1, which are exclusively of the gonadotroph type, are a common subtype encountered by the surgical pathologist. (cap.org)
Published February 15, 2017 at 750 × 519 in Pathology And Pathogenesis Of Pituitary Adenomas And Other Sellar Lesions . (endotext.org)
ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas are sporadic tumors in the vast majority of cases, but they can rarely be part of genetic conditions such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (NEM1), multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 (NEM4) and familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA) ( 8 8. (scielo.br)
consequently, pituitary adenomas frequently extend in a suprasellar direction. (symptoma.com)
Mutation analysis of inhibitory guanine nucleotide binding protein alpha (GNAI) loci in young and familial pituitary adenomas. (cdc.gov)

It is concluded that the LHX4 gene does not play a primary role in the pituitary dwarfism in the German shepherd dogs. (nih.gov)
To highlight some of relevance and importance to PANO1: Wilms tumor suppressor, spermatogenic zip 1 transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription, pleomorphic adenoma gene, general transcription factor IIIA, stimulating protein 1, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein, GC box elements and HMG box-containing protein 1. (wikipedia.org)
Steroidogenic factor-1: a key regulator of gonadotroph gene expression. (nih.gov)
It was shown that this group of proteins control the transcription of the growth hormone (GH), the prolactin (PRL), the thyroid-stimulating hormone β-subunit (TSH-β), the GHRH receptor genes and the Pit-1 gene itself. (ajol.info)
gene transcription primarily by signaling through protein kinase C (PKC) (28). (immune-source.com)
The forkhead box D3 ( FOXD3 ) gene encodes a forkhead transcription factor that plays an important role in neural crest specification in vertebrates and therefore may be involved in human eye disease. (molvis.org)
Mutations in these genes are causes of congenital hypopituitarism and have specific pituitary hormone deficiencies associated with the involved gene. (medscape.com)
Following, inductive signals between the developing diencephalon and the oral ectoderm, early transcription factors guide the formation of rudimentary Rathke's Pouch (rRP) and then subsequent gene regulatory pathways control the determination, proliferation, and differentiation events that establish the specialized hormone-secreting cells. (medscape.com)
Loss-of-function mutations of the gene encoding fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) have been described in patients with autosomal dominant Kallmann syndrome. (medscape.com)
Mutations of the gene encoding fibroblast growth factor 8 have been found in a small minority of patients with autosomal dominant Kallmann syndrome. (medscape.com)
This study aims to determine the post-transcriptional regulation mechanism of the transcription factor pou1f1 (pou class 1 homeobox 1), which is the key gene for pituitary development, somatic growth in vertebrates, and transcription of several hormone genes in teleost fish. (cheric.org)
In the anterior pituitary, activin is a potent inducer of the FSHb gene. (escholarship.org)
FoxL2 is a novel player in pituitary gene expression that has been shown to interact with Smad3 and play a role in ovary development and therefore reproduction. (escholarship.org)
Sequence-specific transcription factor that binds gene promoters and activates their transcription. (affbiotech.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is an embryonic nuclear transcription factor that binds to a specific DNA element, the palindromic T-site. (antibodypedia.com)
Pharmacological reversal of the effects on chromatin structure completely eliminates the effects of maternal care on glucocorticoid receptor expression and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses to stress, thus suggesting a causal relation between the maternally induced, epigenetic modification of the glucocorticoid receptor gene and the effects on stress responses in the offspring. (deepdyve.com)
GH stimulates IGFI gene transcription in the liver and peripheral tissues. (bmj.com)

Neonatal hypoglycemia, often in the first 24 hours of life, is associated with other pituitary hormone deficiencies, including panhypopituitarism, growth hormone deficiency, and adrenal insufficiency. (medscape.com)
Poor growth or failure to thrive is also associated with other pituitary hormone deficiencies. (medscape.com)
Family history of unexplained death in the first year of life could suggest pituitary hormone deficiencies, adrenal insufficiency, or both. (medscape.com)
Abnormal growth velocity after the first 6-12 months of life suggests growth hormone deficiency with or without other pituitary hormone deficiencies. (medscape.com)
Multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies: Hypoglycemia may occur due to growth hormone and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) deficiencies. (medscape.com)
Associated pituitary hormone deficiencies might play a role in this poorer outcome. (medscape.com)
Objective We evaluated fertility treatment and pregnancy outcomes in five women with childhood-onset combined pituitary hormone deficiencies (CPHD). (medscape.com)
Combined pituitary hormone deficiencies (CPHDs), defined as a deficiency of two or more pituitary hormones, can be congenital or acquired. (medscape.com)
[ 7 ] Hence, it could be hypothesized that associated pituitary hormone deficiencies beyond gonadotropins have an adverse effect on fertility and pregnancy outcomes. (medscape.com)
patients usually also have other pituitary hormone deficiencies. (msdmanuals.com)

Intrinsic pituitary disease, or any process that disrupts the pituitary stalk or damages the hypothalamus, may produce pituitary hormone deficiency. (medscape.com)
As a general rule, diagnosis of a single pituitary hormone deficiency requires evaluating the other hormone axes. (medscape.com)
Hyposomatotropism is a deficiency in the release of pituitary growth hormone (somatotropin), resulting in short stature. (medscape.com)
Novel mechanism of pituitary hormone deficiency: genetic variants shift splicing to produce a dominant negative transcription factor isoform. (umich.edu)
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGFI) is produced in the liver and peripheral tissues including the growth plate, in response to growth hormone (GH) and is commonly used as a diagnostic marker of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and to monitor GH replacement therapy, as recommended by an international GH consensus. (bmj.com)
Testosterone deficiency may be caused by a defect anywhere along the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis or a defect in peripheral androgen action (5-alpha reductase deficiency or PAIS). (medscape.com)
Functional characterization of a heterozygous GLI2 missense mutation in patients with multiple pituitary hormone deficiency. (cdc.gov)
[ 13 ] recently reported gestational data from a large cohort of women with GH deficiency (isolated or combined with other pituitary deficiencies) showing that the outcome of pregnancy was not influenced by the GH replacement therapy (GHRT) regimen. (medscape.com)

The anterior lobe develops Rathke's pouch, and the posterior lobe and pituitary stalk develop from overlaying neural ectoderm. (umich.edu)
In contrast to the anterior pituitary hormones, the posterior pituitary hormones (ie, ADH, oxytocin) are synthesized by cell bodies in the hypothalamus and transported along the neurohypophyseal tract of the pituitary stalk. (medscape.com)
Pituitary stalk dysgenesis-induced hypopituitarism in adult patients: prevalence, evolution of hormone dysfunction and genetic analysis. (cdc.gov)
These hypothalamic cell bodies produce hormones that undergo axonal transport through the pituitary stalk and into terminal axons within the neurohypophysis. (medscape.com)

Hypopituitarism is a partial or complete insufficiency of pituitary hormone secretion that may derive from pituitary or hypothalamic disease. (medscape.com)

Rates for pituitary tumors in the United States are slightly higher among Black persons (2.92 per 100,000 person-years) than among White persons (1.82 per 100,000 person-years). (medscape.com)
See also Pituitary Tumors , Pituitary Macroadenomas , Pituitary Microadenomas , Pituitary Apoplexy , and Pituitary Disease and Pregnancy . (medscape.com)
FOXO1 protein Bay 65-1942 has been recognized in murine and rat gonadotrope cells (30 33 While FOXO1 protein expression has not been characterized in human pituitary FOXO1 mRNA levels were found to be decreased seven fold in human null cell and gonadotrope pituitary tumors (34). (immune-source.com)
It can affect individuals at any age, but it is most prevalent in the second and third decades of life and is mostly (~80-90%) caused by pituitary tumors with a diameter less than 10 mm (microadenomas) ( 5 5. (scielo.br)

AP = anterior pituitary, IP = intermediate pituitary, PP = posterior pituitary. (medscape.com)
The posterior pituitary consists of neural tissue that descends from the floor of the third ventricle. (medscape.com)
Hormones secreted by neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary). (medscape.com)
The sella turcica is a saddle-shaped depression that surrounds the inferior, anterior, and posterior aspects of the pituitary. (medscape.com)

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a neuroendocrine network that controls hormonal responses to internal and external challenges in an organism's environment, exhibits strikingly sex-biased activity. (nature.com)
The ability of all mammals to cope with any environmental or homeostatic challenge (i.e., stressor), or with perceptual threats to homeostasis, relies upon activation of a neuroendocrine signaling cascade called the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. (nature.com)
Endogenous Cushing's syndrome can be defined as a condition resulting from prolonged and inappropriate exposure to excessive amounts of cortisol, partial loss of the normal counter-regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and loss of circadian rhythm in cortisol secretion ( 1 1. (scielo.br)
If the condition allows it, [CV004 trade name] should be given as a single daily dose (daytime) or a single dose every second day, to reduce suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. (who.int)

The oral ectoderm and neural ectoderm that form the pituitary anlagen are in close contact during early embryogenesis, and this connection is critical for pituitary development. (medscape.com)

Hormones secreted by adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary). (medscape.com)
The adenohypophysis constitutes roughly 80% of the pituitary and manufactures an array of peptide hormones. (medscape.com)
The release of these pituitary hormones is mediated by hypothalamic neurohormones that are secreted from the median eminence (a site where axon terminals emanate from the hypothalamus) and that reach the adenohypophysis via a portal venous system. (medscape.com)

Table 1 summarizes the transcription factors associated with each of the pituitary adenoma subtypes. (cap.org)
In this Perspectives article, we review and synthesize these recent lines of evidence and propose a working nomenclature for SCLC subtypes defined by relative expression of these four factors. (cancerindex.org)
We previously showed that sst2 is one of the major subtypes expressed in the rat pituitary, and its messenger RNA level is up-regulated by chronic treatment with estrogen. (eurekamag.com)

Pituitary tumorigenesis is driven by germline and somatic mutations as well as genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, interacting in complex ways still not entirely understood and influencing tumor formation, growth, and invasion. (medscape.com)
LIM-homeodomain transcription factors regulate many aspects of development and mutations in the genes that encode these regulatory proteins are associated with several diseases. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Mutations in genes implicated in early pituitary development may be as. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

Normal pituitary versus pituitary adenoma. (medscape.com)
Diagnosis is augmented by reticulin staining, which allows identification of loss of normal pituitary acinar architecture. (cap.org)

also known as ASH1), neurogenic differentiation factor 1 (NeuroD1), yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) and POU class 2 homeobox 3 (POU2F3). (cancerindex.org)
PANO1 is also known as Proapoptotic Nucleolar Protein 1, PANO, and Pre-mRNA-splicing Factor CW22-like. (wikipedia.org)
In conclusion, short-term activation of protein kinase C leads to a transient increase in Na/H antiporter activity that is independent of transcription and translation, whereas long-term activation of protein kinase C causes a persistent increase in antiporter activity that is dependent on transcription and translation and is associated with increased mRNANa/H abundance. (jci.org)
These MAPKs increase the expression or activity of several transcription factors such as early growth response protein 1 (EGR1) cJUN cFOS and activating Bay 65-1942 transcription factor 2 (ATF2) mediating and synthesis (28). (immune-source.com)
These studies suggest that FOXO1 suppresses gonadotropin synthesis impartial of direct DNA binding likely through protein complex formation with transcription factors important for gonadotropin synthesis such as paired-like homeodomain. (immune-source.com)
Your body, from protein chief, Drug and activity of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor I (COUP-TF1), which itself is coactivated by the small ubiquitin-related modifier-1 (SUMO-1) conjugase and ligase Ubc9 and PIAS1 (79). (sideload.com)
In this region, we have identified a protein of the Forkhead (Fox) family of transcription factors that binds to a site. (escholarship.org)

POU proteins are eukaryotic transcription factors containing a bipartite DNA binding domain referred to as the POU domain. (embl.de)
The acronym POU (pronounced 'pow') is derived from the names of three mammalian transcription factors, the pituitary-specific Pit-1, the octamer-binding proteins Oct-1 and Oct-2, and the neural Unc-86 from Caenorhabditis elegans. (embl.de)
Homeobox proteins as sequence-specific transcription factors. (embl.de)
Based on recent data, a new view is emerging that vertebrate Dachshund(Dach) proteins are components of Six1/6 transcription factor-dependent signaling cascades. (biologists.com)

The diagnosis of pituitary adenoma is usually straightforward on H&E stained sections, which readily identify the monomorphic adenoma cell population. (cap.org)
However, classification based upon the driving transcription factor for each adenoma subtype is emerging as an additional method for classification. (cap.org)
Cushing's disease (CD) is a rare clinical condition that is due to ACTH-producing pituitary adenoma, and it is the most common etiology of endogenous Cushing's syndrome after 6 yrs of age (~70%) ( 2 2. (scielo.br)

It is in turn regulated by the hypothalamus, which generates a number of releasing factors (GHRH, TRH, GnRH, CRH) and the inhibitory hormone somatostatin. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
The anterior pituitary is primarily regulated by neuropeptide-releasing and release-inhibiting hormones produced in the hypothalamus. (medscape.com)
The hypothalamus-hypophysis axis controls the secretion of adenohypophyseal hormones through the pituitary portal vein system. (bvsalud.org)
The infundibulum pierces the diaphragma sellae in order to connect the pituitary to the hypothalamus. (medscape.com)

PRL secretion is distinct from that of the other anterior pituitary hormones, being inhibited by hypothalamic dopamine. (medscape.com)

PIT1 is a pituitary-specific transcription factor responsible for pituitary development and hormone expression in mammals and is a member of the POU family of transcription factors that regulate mammalian development. (wikipedia.org)

Hypothalamic-pituitary function is otherwise normal in most patients, and hypothalamic-pituitary imaging reveals no space-occupying lesions. (medscape.com)

If secondary hypothyroidism is suspected (low or normal TSH in the presence of a low free T4), a full evaluation of the hypothalamic pituitary axis is necessary. (torontocentreforneonatalhealth.com)

PROP1 triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like process in pituitary stem cells. (umich.edu)

In the pituitary the gonadotropin hormones luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) are produced exclusively in gonadotrope cells (19-21). (immune-source.com)
FOXO1 was also expressed in immortalized murine gonadotrope-derived cell lines: ?T3-1 cells which only express CGA and represent an immature gonadotrope lineage and in L?T2 cells which express CGA LHB and FSHB (30 33 35 36 In gonadotrope cells FOXO1 overexpression suppressed transcription of both human and rodent basal and GnRH stimulated Bay 65-1942 and (30-32). (immune-source.com)

The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor NeuroD (Neurod1) has been implicated in neuronal fate determination, differentiation and survival. (biologists.com)
Normal hypothalamo-pituitary development is critically dependent upon a complex genetic cascade that dictates organ commitment, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation within the anterior pituitary. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
The pathway from embryogenesis to the full differentiation of specific functional cell types within the pituitary is controlled by numerous genes that encode transcription factors. (medscape.com)
FOXL2 is a critical factor essential for ovary differentiation and maintenance, and repression of the genetic program for somatic testis determination. (neobiotechnologies.com)
It binds through a region in its N-terminus, called the T-box, and effects transcription of genes required for mesoderm formation and differentiation. (antibodypedia.com)

Elizabeth M. Patterson, sophomore in biological sciences, $1,449 for "Discovering the Role of Forkhead Transcription Factor Foxj 1 and its role in Pituitary Development and Maintenance. (siu.edu)

LHX3 is a LIM homeodomain transcription factor necessary for proper development of the pituitary and central nervous system. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

We have shown that pituitary stem cells, expressing the transcription factor SOX2, are capable of generating new cells throughout life. (kcl.ac.uk)
We propose that pituitary cell quorum sensing is mediated by interactions between the networks of endocrine cells and hormone-negative SOX2-positive (SOX2+ve) cells and speculate that the latter act as both a sentinel and actuator of cell number. (bvsalud.org)
A decision-making role of SOX2+ve cells would allow precise coordination of pituitary axes, essential for their appropriate response to physiological status and challenge, as well as prioritization of axis modification. (bvsalud.org)

Plasticity of function is required for each of the anterior pituitary endocrine axes to support alterations in the demand for hormone with physiological status and in response to environmental challenge. (bvsalud.org)
This plasticity is mediated at the pituitary level by a change in functional cell mass resulting from a combination of alteration in the proportion of responding cells, the amount of hormone secreted from each cell, and the total number of cells within an endocrine cell population. (bvsalud.org)

A large twin study demonstrated that 81 % of the variance of the disease was attributed to additive genetic effects, whereas the remaining 19 % was attributed to unique, unshared environmental factors [10]. (springer.com)
Remarkably, at age 14 years, facial acne in girls was less influenced by genetic factors than in boys and was significantly influenced by common environmental factors [12]. (springer.com)
A genetic factor is likely to be responsible in these cases, and further research is warranted to clarify this phenomenon. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

overexpression of miR-223-3p in primary pituitary cells led to the down-regulation of pou1f1 and downstream genes, and inhibition of miR-223-3p led to the up-regulation of pou1f1 in Nile tilapia dispersed primary pituitary cells. (cheric.org)
Overexpression of the pituitary homeoprotein Pitx1 activated the promoter activity of the -4066/+172/luc construct, and mapping analysis indicated the existence of two Pitx1 response sites, including the CRE site. (eurekamag.com)

These gonadal hormones are produced by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and have been shown to determine sex differences in adult HPA function after acute stress via their activational and organizational effects. (nature.com)
While FOXO1 function in the gonads and uterus has been characterized little is known about its function in the central portion of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. (immune-source.com)
The diagnosis of GHD is a multifaceted process requiring comprehensive clinical and auxologic assessment combined with biochemical testing of the GH-insulinlike growth factor (IGF) axis and radiologic evaluation. (medscape.com)

Antibodies directed against the transcription factors steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) and transcription factor 1 (Pit-1) are becoming useful diagnostic tools. (cap.org)
The orphan nuclear receptor steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1 or NR5A1) is an indispensable regulator of adrenal and gonadal formation, playing roles in sex determination, hypothalamic development, and pituitary function. (bvsalud.org)

Pit-1 is a pituitary-specific transcription factor responsible for pituitary development and hormone expression in mammals. (ajol.info)
Roles of the LHX3 and LHX4 LIM-homeodomain factors in pituitary development. (medscape.com)

MicroRNA miR-223-3p and the AU-Rich element co-regulated the post-transcriptional expression of pou1f1 independently in Nile tilapia, demonstrating that pou1f1 is under the control of a dual post-transcription regulation mechanism. (cheric.org)

POU domain, class 1, transcription factor 1 (Pit1, growth hormone factor 1), also known as POU1F1, is a transcription factor for growth hormone. (wikipedia.org)
[ 4 ] Of note, anosmin may enhance fibroblast growth factor signaling through the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1. (medscape.com)
and they are associated with altered histone acetylation and transcription factor (nerve growth factor-induced clone A [NGFIA]) binding to the glucocorticoid receptor promoter. (deepdyve.com)

The anterior pituitary, an ectodermal structure that derives from the pharynx as the Rathke pouch, produces most of the gland's hormones. (medscape.com)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary, the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) test and the high-dose dexamethasone suppression test are the main tests for the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. (scielo.br)

The activity for the FoxL2 transcription factor is located at -350 from the transcriptional start site. (escholarship.org)

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Novel Markers of Male Pituitary Stem Cells and Hormone-Producing Cell Types. (umich.edu)

A negative feedback loop occurs such that the hormones produced in the target glands feed back to inhibit the release of their respective regulatory pituitary and hypothalamic factors. (medscape.com)

supplied by OMIM] Pituitary-specific positive transcription factor 1 has been shown to interact with GATA2 and PITX1. (wikipedia.org)

The tissue types that PANO1 has the highest expression in, are the cerebellum regions of the brain as well as pituitary and testis tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Finally, the expression patterns of three neuronal type-specific transcription factors, unc-3, unc-4 and unc-30 , were altered. (biologists.com)
Our data suggest that cnd-1 may specify the identity of ventral cord motor neurons both by maintaining the mitotic competence of their precursors and by modulating the expression of neuronal type-specific determination factors. (biologists.com)

Like previously mentioned, PANO1 is detected to be most expressed in the cerebellum, pituitary and testis tissues. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy3

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs14

Phenomena and Processes11

Information Science3

Gland34

Combined pituitary hormone deficiency11

Adenomas14

Gene17

Hormone deficiencies10

Deficiency8

Stalk4

Hypopituitarism1

Tumors4

Posterior4

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal4

Critical for pituitary1

Adenohypophysis3

Subtypes3

Mutations3

Normal pituitary2

Protein7

Proteins4

Adenoma3

Hypothalamus4

Inhibited by hypothalamic1

Mammalian1

Lesions1

Hypothyroidism1

PROP11

Gonadotrope cells2

Differentiation5

Forkhead1

Homeodomain transcription1

SOX23

Endocrine2

Genetic3

Overexpression2

Axis3

Steroidogenic2

Development2

Regulation1

Growth3

Ectodermal1

Diagnosis1

FOXL21

Stem cells1

Hormones produced1

PITX11

Expression3

Tissues1