• Mathematical models of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis in women were first developed by Schlosser and Selgrade in 1999, with subsequent models of Harris-Clark et al. (duke.edu)
  • Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), a leading cause of cycle irregularities, is seen as primarily a hyper-androgenic disorder. (duke.edu)
  • The determination of testosterone in women is helpful in the diagnosis of androgenic syndrome (AGS), polycystic ovaries (Stein-Leventhal syndrome) and when an ovarian tumor, adrenal tumor, adrenal hyperplasia or ovarian insufficiency is suspected. (cdc.gov)
  • FSH/LH ratio is used for diagnosing polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), menstrual irregularities, fertility problems, delayed or precocious puberty. (practo.com)
  • There are many causes for this condition such as autoimmune disorders, ovarian tumors, Turner syndrome (a genetic abnormality), polycystic ovary syndrome, menopause, adrenal or thyroid disease etc. (practo.com)
  • The estrogen provocation test, also known as the estrogen stimulation test or estrogen challenge test, is a diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. (wikipedia.org)
  • These gonadal hormones are produced by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and have been shown to determine sex differences in adult HPA function after acute stress via their activational and organizational effects. (nature.com)
  • The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is a key neuroen-docrine regulation system involved in the growth and reproduction of poultry. (scielo.br)
  • The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is an important component of the endocrine system, regulating reproductive functions of the body. (scielo.br)
  • The mechanism by which exercise affects ovulation is most probably via modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis due to increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. (springer.com)
  • The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis plays a crucial and integrative role in the mammalian endocrine regulation to maintain homeostasis. (intechopen.com)
  • This test is also used to assess the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. (practo.com)
  • The HPA axis is activated in response to real or perceived stressors and culminates in the production and secretion of glucocorticoids by the adrenal glands. (nature.com)
  • Under such environmental circumstances, the body regulates the HPG axis by changing the secretion activities of these hormones. (scielo.br)
  • It is characterized by the low endogenous GnRH-induced gonadotropin secretion, thus triggering the ovarian blockade and a hypoestrogenic condition. (researchgate.net)
  • In PCOS, there are abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, insulin secretion and action, and ovarian function. (healthline.com)
  • Study authors noted that a woman's menstrual cycle timing is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and it can be impacted by life, environment and health stressors. (fox6now.com)
  • This stressor can impact a woman's hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, thus altering her menstrual cycle length. (fox6now.com)
  • Acupuncture normalizes the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and the menstrual cycle. (berkleycenter.com)
  • The hallmarks of the menstrual cycle include a dynamic coordination of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian-endometrial axes, culminating in the release of a mature oocyte. (sdfertility.com)
  • HA is mainly related to various stressors affecting neuroendocrine control of the reproductive axis. (researchgate.net)
  • The significance of this demographic shift is underscored by evidence that the regulatory effects of ovarian hormones extend well beyond the neuroendocrine reproductive axis, affecting the structure and function of a variety of extrahypothalamic brain regions that are critical for normal cognition ( McEwen, 2002 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • As a reproductive endocrinologist I can tell you that our approach, and I mentioned a little bit when Deborah called me up unprepared to comment about medical therapies, the approach we have taken really focuses on this reproductive axis that we, as reproductive endocrinologists, think about every day and this is really this whole pathway. (endofound.org)
  • Physiology and pathology of the female reproductive axis. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In addition to the guideline presentations on PCOS and hypogonadism, those topics will also be addressed in the oral abstract sessions "Male Reproductive Endocrinology: Aging to Metabolism" on March 18, and "Disorders of the Female Reproductive Axis - PCOS, Premature Ovarian Insufficiency , and Metabolism" on March 20. (medscape.com)
  • Chimento A, Sirianni R, Casaburi I, Pezzi V. Role of Estrogen Receptors and G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor in Regulation of Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Testis Axis and Spermatogenesis. (scielo.br)
  • These medications--which contain varying amounts of estrogen- and progestin-based compounds--essentially 'override' a woman's innate hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and frequently help ameliorate the effects of a maturing reproductive system while preventing pregnancy. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • PCOS has been a source of confusion and controversy, from debate about its origin - whether it's an ovarian or neuroendocrine defect - to the role of genetics, Nieman noted. (medscape.com)
  • This fails to stimulate the ovaries and ovarian function leading to ovulatory problems. (practo.com)
  • The ovaries can be subject to various natural and pathologic states ranging from benign cysts to advanced ovarian carcinoma. (medscape.com)
  • Ovarian overproduction of androgens is a condition in which the ovaries make too much testosterone . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Strikingly, women are at twice the risk of men for developing many of these diseases, likely due to sex differences in the function and regulation of the HPA axis [ 5 ]. (nature.com)
  • FHA occurs for the combination of stressors (physical, psychological, and metabolic stressors) and can disrupt ovarian and other endocrine regulation [5,9,18]. (researchgate.net)
  • Regular acupuncture treatments can be very helpful in regulating hormonal imbalances by influencing the hormonal regulation centers in the brain and autonomic nervous system (i.e., the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis) and as a result, improvement in hormonal status can occur over time. (turningpointonline.info)
  • The biological pathways influenced by these genes include carbohydrate catabolic processes, cellular development, iron homeostasis, lipid metabolism and storage, immune response, ovarian follicle development and the regulation of DNA transcription and RNA translation. (bvsalud.org)
  • The basic endocrinology of the normal ovarian cycle in dogs involves the following observed changes in peripheral concentrations of hormones and accompanying clinical changes. (vin.com)
  • Other abstract sessions address the entirety of endocrinology, from thyroid to pituitary to bone to reproductive and transgender medicine. (medscape.com)
  • In some cases, surgery may be needed to remove an ovarian or adrenal tumor. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a neuroendocrine network that controls hormonal responses to internal and external challenges in an organism's environment, exhibits strikingly sex-biased activity. (nature.com)
  • The HPG axis is primarily responsible for governing all the hormonal events related to reproductive activity. (intechopen.com)
  • Unfortunately, when she chooses this option, she will eventually develop Mu receptor tolerance, begin increasing her 24 hour opiate dose and subsequently develop hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis suppression further exacerbating her original hormonal deficiency. (worldhealth.net)
  • Anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding results from a disturbance of the normal hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and is particularly common at the extremes of the reproductive years. (medscape.com)
  • Objective The purpose of the study was to estimate uterine and ovarian sizes in adolescents with FHA and to compare these results with findings in peers having regular menstrual cycles. (bmj.com)
  • We identified a positive correlation between uterine volume, uterine corpus length, cervical length, ovarian volume and weight, BMI. (bmj.com)
  • Uterine size and ovarian size correlate positively with BMI. (bmj.com)
  • Acupuncture during this phase is aimed at improving the uterine and ovarian blood flow to aid development of the ovarian follicles and increasing the lining of the endometrium and increasing cervical fluid. (bodhitreehealthclinic.com)
  • Most ovarian tumors are not cancerous (benign) and will not come back after they have been removed. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If the condition is caused by an ovarian tumor, surgery to remove the tumor may correct the problem. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Case studies and articles that did not report anovulation/ovulation or ovarian morphology as outcomes were excluded. (springer.com)
  • This cause the ovarian follicle to release the mature egg from the ovary, a process called ovulation and turns the remnants of the follicle into a corpus luteum. (practo.com)
  • 2. 7 days of uninterrupted tablet-taking are required to attain adequate suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian-axis. (medicines.org.uk)
  • The synthetic glucocorticoids are significantly more potent and long-acting compared to their cortisol counterpart, and they tend to cause much more hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression. (ndnr.com)
  • What about HPA axis suppression in patients taking cortisol (eg, hydrocortisone)? (ndnr.com)
  • Introduction Functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea (FHA) is a condition characterised by the absence of menses due to suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. (bmj.com)
  • and 4, the administration of a dopamine agonist that provokes hypothalamic or pituitary hormone responses that lead in time to a premature but otherwise apparently natural proestrus and fertile estrus. (vin.com)
  • Hence, this chapter summarizes the biological plausibility of EDCs exposure and elucidates the mechanism of action underlying EDCs affecting the regulatory circuits of the mammalian HPG axis and reproductive function. (intechopen.com)
  • Research on the cognitive effects of hormone-replacement therapy (HRT), for example, is complicated by the difficulty of matching treatment and control groups according to chronological age, education, overall health status, and other subject characteristics that can influence neuropsychological function independent of ovarian hormone status. (jneurosci.org)
  • Moreover, questions remain regarding sex differences in the activity of the HPA axis following chronic stress and the underlying contributions of gonadal hormones and sex chromosomes. (nature.com)
  • We primarily outline what is known about how gonadal hormones and sex chromosomes modulate HPA axis activity following acute stress, and then focus on sex-biased HPA axis activity post-chronic stress, which is far less well understood. (nature.com)
  • The differences in luteal phase hormones may reflect alterations in signaling in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis that begin during the preovulatory period of nonconceptive cycles. (nih.gov)
  • and clinical signs and/or laboratory results that suggest pituitary hormone deficiency or excess. (medscape.com)
  • High-temperature conditions lead to the physiological dysfunction of target organs of the HPG axis of poultry, ultimately affecting the animals' growth and development. (scielo.br)
  • In brief, HS caused dysfunction of the corresponding target organs of the HPG axis in Wenchang chicks, and this affected the normal growth and development of the cells' HPG axis. (scielo.br)
  • Because testosterone (T) is the dominant female androgen, we focus our efforts on modeling pituitary feedback and inter-ovarian follicular growth properties as functions of circulating total T levels. (duke.edu)
  • In adolescents, AUB often occurs because of persistent anovulation due to the immaturity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. (mhmedical.com)
  • 9 Given the known negative feedback loop that occurs with excessive cortisol, it is possible that routine supraphysiologic doses could suppress the HPA axis. (ndnr.com)
  • Decreased levels of FSH and LH may indicate a condition called secondary ovarian failure. (practo.com)
  • Much of what is known about sex differences in the stress-induced activity of the HPA axis and their underlying mechanisms comes from studies done in rodents. (nature.com)
  • We conclude with a brief discussion of sex differences in the human HPA axis with the caveat that they are less pronounced than in rodents and are largely dependent on the stress modality. (nature.com)
  • The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, when activated by stress, exerts an inhibitory effect on the female reproductive system. (nih.gov)
  • Together, these results demonstrate that ovarian hormone status can broadly influence normal cognitive aging in monkeys, affecting capacities mediated by multiple brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex and the medial temporal lobe memory system. (jneurosci.org)
  • Total RNA was extracted from tissues of 78 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer, 17 normal ovarian epithelium tissues and two ovarian cancer cell lines. (scite.ai)
  • In women, your doctor may ask to perform this test if you have irregular or heavy menstrual periods, difficulty in getting pregnant or fertility issues or if you suspect menopause, and to detect any pituitary or hypothalamus problems. (practo.com)
  • miR-152 and miR-148a have not been comprehensively investigated in ovarian cancer. (scite.ai)
  • They lie on the posterior aspect of the broad ligament and, as a consequence of their location, can often enlarge during pathologic states, such as ovarian cancer, without early detection. (medscape.com)
  • At the time of the previous IARC evaluation of atrazine (Vol. 73, 1999), the most relevant epidemiologic studies consisted of two cohort studies of manufacturing workers, three population-based case-control studies of lymphatic and hematopoietic malignancies in agricultural areas of the U.S., and a population-based case-control study of ovarian cancer in a rice-growing area of Italy. (who.int)
  • Clinical investigations, in 2009, at Florida Detox revealed that 100 percent, thirty of thirty females, ages 21-29, years old, who were prescribed 80 mg methadone per 24 day, were amenstrual, suffering "flat line" ovarian output. (worldhealth.net)
  • Epidemiological investigations have shown increasing evidence of altered development and detrimental effects on reproductive health during the past 50 years associated with endocrine disruptors affecting the HPG axis. (intechopen.com)
  • Modeling endocrine control of the pituitary-ovarian axis: androgenic influence and chaotic dynamics. (duke.edu)
  • In men, your doctor may ask to perform this test if you have a low sperm count, fertility issues, or signs of low testosterone levels such as decreased sex drive, low muscle mass, and to detect any pituitary or hypothalamus problems. (practo.com)