Pigs cloning for reproductive clone humans for reproductive. Medical search. Frequent questions

Hwang's rise to prominence started with his successful cloning of cows and pigs. (wikipedia.org)
cows have also been cloned using ovary and cumulus cells with the same method that was used to clone Dolly. (cshl.edu)
Ever since, a number of mammals have been cloned - cows, pigs, cats and rhesus monkeys. (nyln.org)
Cloning experts throughout the world produced cloned mice, rabbits, pigs, cows, cats and one horse, but the Koreans did one better - a dog . (blogspot.com)
The SCNT technique has worked to create about 20 different animals including frogs, mice, rabbits, pigs, cows and even dogs, but there have been 'numerous attempts to clone non-human primate species, but they all failed,' said Mumming Poo, an author on the paper. (cmaaa.co.za)

1] Therapeutic cloning, on the other hand, creates human embryos merely as a source of embryonic stem cells. (reasons.org)
Tragically, however, in order to harvest stem cells from human embryos, the embryos must be destroyed. (reasons.org)
Crudely put, therapeutic cloning looks to generate human embryos solely for the body parts they can provide. (reasons.org)
Recent and ongoing research suggests an alternative approach that can achieve the same goal (repair of damaged or diseased organs) without destroying human embryos. (reasons.org)
This means that hundreds of human embryos would die to achieve a single live human clone birth. (reasons.org)
Some prohibit only cloning for reproductive purposes and allow the creation of cloned human embryos for research, whereas others prohibit the creation of cloned embryos for any purpose. (who.int)
Their collaboration led to a major announcement in 2004, claiming the successful cloning of human embryos, with the potential to cure some diseases. (wikipedia.org)
The Catholic Church has always held that stem-cell research and therapies are morally acceptable, as long as they don't involve the creation and destruction of human embryos. (archstl.org)
And now Washington joins the infamous list with Senate Bill 5594, a thoroughly disingenuous piece of legislation that purports to outlaw the cloning of human beings, but by manipulating language and redefining terms, actually permits human cloning and gestation of the resulting cloned embryos through the ninth month. (cbc-network.org)
Another set of dubious experiments involves mixing human embryos with other species. (singularvalues.com)
There currently is no solid scientific evidence that anyone has cloned human embryos. (pooginook.com)

What deserves greater attention, however, is therapeutic cloning, a (potential) cloning application considered far more important to the biomedical and scientific communities and one far more ethically challenging. (reasons.org)
The announcement fueled a heated debate on bioethics, despite Hwang and Moon emphasizing that their work focused solely on therapeutic purposes and strongly opposing reproductive cloning. (wikipedia.org)
If the cloned human organism is to be experimented upon and destroyed, the process is often called "therapeutic cloning. (cbc-network.org)
The medical establishment, ethicists, etc. are quick to denounce reproductive cloning and obviously immoral, but to distinguish therapeutic cloning as vitally important and worthwhile research. (singularvalues.com)
But therapeutic clones raises much more troubling issues.It offers the possibility of raising a race of subhuman babies for the purpose of harvesting organs and discarding the rest. (singularvalues.com)
Some of the animal experiments with therapeutic cloning would be extremely troubling to ethicists if they were done on people. (singularvalues.com)
Under the AHR Act, it is illegal to knowingly create a human clone, regardless of the purpose, including therapeutic and reproductive cloning. (pooginook.com)

In 2002, Hwang embarked upon human cloning research and partnered with Moon Shin-yong, an obstetrician with expertise in in-vitro fertilization. (wikipedia.org)
Mice Used as Sperm Factories for Pigs, Goats - Hillary Mayell, for National Geographic News August 14, 2002″For the first time scientists have been able to produce viable sperm from the tissue of sexually immature mammals-and at the same time produce sperm of one species in the body of another species. (exposingsatanism.org)
On Dec. 27, 2002, Brigitte Boisselier held a press conference in Florida, announcing the birth of the first human clone, called Eve. (pooginook.com)
1998 , 2002 ), an inherited human epileptic syndrome. (jneurosci.org)

Long before the birth of Dolly the sheep, clones had been observed in both nature and in the laboratory. (cshl.edu)
But it was the successful cloning of Dolly the Sheep in 1996 that made waves around the world for she was the first mammal to be created using the procedure. (nyln.org)
It became a hot topic in 1996 when Dolly the sheep was cloned via a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (archstl.org)
Professor Campbell was instrumental in the creation of Dolly the Sheep, the first cloned mammal, a breakthrough which paved the way for the successful cloning of many other mammal species. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Dolly the Sheep, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult derived somatic cell, was born in 1996. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Inevitably most people will remember him for Dolly the sheep although his recent work was focused on fundamental and applied stem cell research as a tool for the study of human disease. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Dolly the sheep was the first mammal to be cloned from the DNA of an adult. (snexplores.org)
Quick Answer: What Year Was Dolly The Sheep Cloned? (pooginook.com)
How much did it cost to clone Dolly the sheep? (pooginook.com)
Dolly the sheep, the first mammal cloned from an adult cell, died on 14 February. (pooginook.com)
What happened to Dolly the sheep clone? (pooginook.com)
What animals have been cloned since Dolly the sheep? (pooginook.com)
CNN)For the first time, scientists say they created cloned primates using the same complicated cloning technique that made Dolly the sheep in 1996. (cmaaa.co.za)
When scientists made Dolly the sheep, years after she was born they used the same cell cluster to make four other sheep clones. (cmaaa.co.za)

They cloned mice using cumulus cells, a cell type found in the ovaries. (cshl.edu)
First, the cells used to clone the mice were not grown in culture, but instead were used immediately. (cshl.edu)
They have successfully made several generations of clones and all mice seem normal. (cshl.edu)
Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)

One such approach, called "xenotransplantation" (the transplantation of living cells, tissues, and organs from one species to another species), turns to pigs as a source of organs for human transplants. (reasons.org)
Most natural cloning occurs in those species that produce their descendants asexually, that is, without combining the male and female genetic material. (who.int)
Although many species produce clonal offspring in this fashion, Dolly, the lamb born in 1996 at a research institute in Scotland, was the first asexually produced mammalian clone. (who.int)
While the practice has been successful on certain mammals, it is still a hotly debated topic in terms of the human species. (nyln.org)
Given that we have an efficiency of 1% cloning for livestock species and if only one in a thousand cells are viable then around 100,000 cells would need to be transferred. (wikiquote.org)
My question regarding genetic engineering deregulation was then: What would happen if scientists who are provided with unlimited money and resources have no legal liability to realize their experiments cloning humans and literally engineering new species? (real-agenda.com)
The type species of LYMPHOCRYPTOVIRUS, subfamily GAMMAHERPESVIRINAE , infecting B-cells in humans. (lookformedical.com)
The type species is HERPESVIRUS 1, HUMAN . (lookformedical.com)
Scientists who study cloning envision a limitless supply of disease-resistant livestock, record-setting racehorses, and animals of species that would otherwise have gone extinct. (snexplores.org)

The scientists have taken cells from Cumulina to make more clones. (cshl.edu)
Scientists hope to use cloned pigs to grow organs that can be transplanted into humans. (cshl.edu)
As mentioned earlier, scientists were able to clone an extinct animal, the Pyrenean ibex. (nyln.org)
During one recent meeting, scientists disagreed on such basic issues as whether it would be unethical for a human embryo to begin its development in an animal's womb, and whether a mouse would be better or worse off with a brain made of human neurons. (real-agenda.com)
That month, scientists reported the first successful attempt to reproduce a large, adult mammal through cloning. (exposingsatanism.org)
What would happen if scientists ever figure out how to clone people? (snexplores.org)
In 1998, scientists in South Korea claimed to have successfully cloned a human embryo, but said the experiment was interrupted very early when the clone was just a group of four cells. (pooginook.com)
Scientists in 1999 created Tetra, a rhesus monkey, but used what researchers consider a simpler cloning method that produces a more limited number of off spring. (cmaaa.co.za)
Speed while performing the procedure helped, they learned, and scientists discovered clones created out of cells from fetal tissue did better than when they used adult cells. (cmaaa.co.za)
With this birth, these scientists have broken a barrier and that means the technique could, in theory, be applied to humans. (cmaaa.co.za)

Prior to 1996, it was thought that cloning an entire animal could only be done with embryonic cells - cells present in the early stages of an organism's development. (cshl.edu)
His research blossomed after he came to Roslin Institute where in a series of papers he put the intellectual framework into the method of mammalian cloning that ultimately led to the birth of Dolly in 1996. (nottingham.ac.uk)
She was born on 5 July 1996 and died from a progressive lung disease five months before her seventh birthday (the disease was not considered related to her being a clone) on 14 February 2003. (pooginook.com)

The primary cloning technique is called "somatic cell nuclear transfer" (SCNT). (cbc-network.org)
It is the policy of Washington state that research involving the derivation and use of human embryonic stem cells, human embryonic germ cells, and human adult stem cells from any source, including somatic cell nuclear transplantation , is permitted upon full consideration of the ethical and medical implications of this research. (cbc-network.org)
In the case of Hua Hua and Zhong Zhong, researchers used modern technology developed only in the last couple of years to enhance the technique used to clone Dolly, which is called somatic cell transfer, or SCNT. (cmaaa.co.za)

There are now two ways to create new mammalian life, including humans. (cbc-network.org)

some carry genes that will produce usable human drugs. (cshl.edu)
cloning and splicing genes is not its existence, but the results of this unregulated practice. (real-agenda.com)
When I set out to write this article my first challenge was how to present the information in a concise, yet shocking enough to wake up people who still believe that cloning humans for organ harvesting, splicing animal and human genes and making food out of human DNA or tissue is just science fiction. (real-agenda.com)
Screening the porcine CHORI-242 BAC library with a full-length AKR1C4 cDNA identified 7 positive clones and sample sequencing of 5 BAC clones revealed 5 distinct AKR1C genes ( AKR1CL2 and AKR1C1 through 4 ), which mapped to 126-128 cM on SSC10. (biomedcentral.com)
Further investigations are necessary to identify these mutations and understand how these AKR1C genes affect these important reproductive traits. (biomedcentral.com)
In the human, an aldo-keto reductase (AKR) gene family (AKR1C) has been identified near the telomere on chromosome 10p15 that contains at least six aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C genes [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Nuclear antigens encoded by VIRAL GENES found in HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 4. (lookformedical.com)
You are taking out all the randomness," says reproductive physiologist Mark Westhusin, "by selecting a specific combination of genes to get what you want. (snexplores.org)

In biology , cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria , insects or plants reproduce asexually . (wikiquote.org)
This is junk biology since implanting isn't the act of asexual reproduction: SCNT cloning is. (cbc-network.org)
Professor Sinclair said: "Keith was a giant in the field of reproductive biology. (nottingham.ac.uk)
While they succeeded in obtaining cloned macaques, the numbers are too low to make many conclusions, except that it remains a very inefficient and hazardous procedure,' said Robin Lovell-Badge, an embryologist and head of the Division of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics at the Francis Crick Institute. (cmaaa.co.za)

He then moved to PPLTherapeutics, the company that was spun out from Roslin Institute, where that procedure and his expertise led to the birth of cloned and genetically modified sheep, pigs and cattle. (nottingham.ac.uk)
How old was Dolly the cloned sheep when she died? (pooginook.com)
That honour belongs to another sheep which was cloned from an embryo cell and born in 1984 in Cambridge, UK. (pooginook.com)
She lived to six and a half years, when she was eventually put down after a contagious disease spread through her flock, infecting cloned and normally reproduced sheep alike. (pooginook.com)

Elaboration of an international convention against reproductive cloning of human beings has been under consideration in the United Nations since December 2001 when the subject was included in the agenda of the fifty- sixth session as a supplementary agenda item at the request of France and Germany. (who.int)
I think it's just as human beings, we've not really had discussions about where the science can take us. (wikipedia.org)
Since then the debate on applying the technique to clone human beings has been ongoing. (cshl.edu)
Greys are typically depicted as grey-skinned, humanoid beings that possess reduced forms of, or completely lack, external human body parts such as noses, ears, or sex organs. (sassquatch.org)
Claims that you could clone individual treatments of human beings to treat common diseases like diabetes, suggests you need a huge supply of human eggs. (wikiquote.org)

Though fraught with problems, reproductive cloning at least strives to reproduce a human being and, in principle, preserves the value of human life. (reasons.org)
The second way to reproduce is a strictly human invention - known as "asexual" reproduction - or more commonly, cloning. (cbc-network.org)
To understand how cloning works, it helps to know how animals normally reproduce. (snexplores.org)

It also concluded that "King of Clones resounds as a plea for more rigorous cloning-research standards, especially considering that the Chinese have cloned two monkeys-meaning that, in effect, primates (including humans) are now duplicatable. (wikipedia.org)

A laboratory in Hawaii run by Dr. Ryuzo Yanagimachi was the second group to successfully clone an animal from an adult cell. (cshl.edu)
His pioneering studies into cell-cycle control and cellular differentiation led to the programme of work at Roslin that gave birth to the first mammal to be cloned from adult cells - ie. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Dolly was important because she was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell. (pooginook.com)

Or to put it the other way around, cloning, not implantation, is what produces a new and distinct human organism. (cbc-network.org)
It produces malignancy in human and newborn hamster kidney cell cultures. (lookformedical.com)
Reproductive cloning produces real human people. (singularvalues.com)

In fact, the research team oversaw the birth of four normal, healthy piglets with organs suitable for human transplants. (reasons.org)

While stem-cell research holds enormous potential for treating or even curing some diseases, the cloning of a human being is morally and ethically unacceptable…Any attempt to clone a human being is in direct conflict with the public policies of this state. (cbc-network.org)

The chief one is hyper-acute rejection (HAR)-the rejection of pig organs by the human recipient. (reasons.org)
The researchers then used these cells as the source of genetic material to clone pigs with organs that lacked the sugar groups responsible for HAR. (reasons.org)

The Daily Beast reported that the documentary "is a primer on the rise and fall of Hwang, a former superstar who currently plies his genetics trade in the United Arab Emirates, cloning camels for the rich and powerful, who covet them for both their attractiveness and their racing prowess. (wikipedia.org)

However, the effects of β1 are highly dependent on the experimental system in which they are studied, and different effects on the kinetics and voltage dependence of gating of brain sodium channels are observed on expression in Xenopus oocytes, Chinese hamster lung and ovary cells, and human embryonic kidney cells (Isom et al. (jneurosci.org)

As such, some nations have banned human cloning because of the ethical issues that might arise. (nyln.org)
The birth of these clones also brings up ethical issues. (cmaaa.co.za)

Simply put, clones are organisms that have identical genetic material. (cshl.edu)
Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments ( molecular cloning ), cells (cell cloning), or organisms . (wikiquote.org)

A decade later, an Asian carp was successfully cloned. (nyln.org)
Even an extinct animal, the Pyrenean ibex, was successfully cloned in 2009. (nyln.org)

If the authors of this bill really meant what they appear to have written, their legislation would ban all human cloning, since as we have seen, biologically, a new human organism, that is, a new human being, comes into existence with the completion of SCNT. (cbc-network.org)

There he continued his research on the cloning and genetic modification of livestock. (nottingham.ac.uk)

Cloning raises a variety of issues. (snexplores.org)

These two are not the first primates to be cloned. (cmaaa.co.za)

In sexual reproduction, clones are created when a fertilized egg splits to produce identical (monozygous) twins with identical genomes. (who.int)
Developments in biotechnology have raised new concerns about animal welfare, as farm animals now have their genomes modified (genetically engineered) or copied (cloned) to propagate certain traits useful to agribusiness, such as meat yield or feed conversion. (wikiquote.org)

General Assembly the following year,3 and the World Medical Association's Resolution on Cloning, endorsed in 1997, have confronted the issue but lack binding legal force. (who.int)
On October 3, 1997, the host mouse gave birth to Cumulina, named after the cumulus cells she was cloned from. (cshl.edu)
After years of experiments …cloning hit the big time in February 1997. (exposingsatanism.org)

More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. (wikiquote.org)

As mentioned earlier, clones tend to have several health issues. (nyln.org)
In addition to low success rates, cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders. (wikiquote.org)

Many of these people testify to experiments done on their genitals, including the removal of sperm, some testify that they have had "alien creatures" taken from their womb by these "Aliens", and/or to being shown human/alien hybrid children. (exposingsatanism.org)

When a couple has identical twins (or identical triplets, etc.), the children are clones of one another. (cshl.edu)
Although twins are essentially clones, they formed through a natural process rather than an artificial one. (nyln.org)
From agriculture to medicine to law, animal cloning to create genetic twins could change our lives. (snexplores.org)
Clones, like identical twins, are exact genetic copies of each other. (snexplores.org)

Beyond this scientific interest, the commercial concern in animal cloning focuses on replicating large numbers of genetically identical animals, especially those derived from a progenitor that has been modified genetically. (who.int)
Since the world said hello to Dolly, several other animals have also been cloned. (cshl.edu)
Concerns have been raised even in animals as doubters worry about the implications of using a cloned animal in the food supply. (nyln.org)
Just like other cloned animals, the ibex presented health problems like physical defects in its lungs. (nyln.org)
The United States government recently decided that it's safe to drink milk and eat meat that comes from cloned animals. (snexplores.org)
As researchers continue to refine their techniques and clone even more animals, some people are worried. (snexplores.org)
So far, cloned animals haven't fared well, critics say. (snexplores.org)
Do cloned animals have the same personality? (pooginook.com)
Myth: Clones have exactly the same temperament and personality as the animals from which they were cloned. (pooginook.com)

The genetically modified egg now has 46 chromosomes, the full human compliment. (cbc-network.org)
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes. (snexplores.org)

Because of their location in the swine genome and their implication in reproductive physiology, this gene cluster was characterized and evaluated for effects on reproductive traits in swine. (biomedcentral.com)
The estimated effects of AKR1C genotypes on these traits suggest that the SNPs are in incomplete linkage disequilibrium with the causal mutations that affect reproductive traits in swine. (biomedcentral.com)

3] An international research team genetically engineered pig cells that lacked a functional form of the gene that codes for a key enzyme involved in the production of the cell surface sugars that cause HAR. (reasons.org)
In 15 years of research I have not been able to get a significant grasp on what genetically engineering humans, fish, soy, corn, milk and other products could mean for humankind. (real-agenda.com)
If you cannot or do not want to get into the heavy research, I am about to give you a detailed report on the state of genetic engineering, human-animal cloning and gene splicing. (real-agenda.com)
That's why Father Pacholczyk, director of education at the National Catholic Bioethics Center in Philadelphia, said that the efforts to help people understand the immorality of embryo reserch, including human cloning, must focus on humanizing the issue and appreciating our own embryonic origins, not just on the desired results of embryonic or other types of stem-cell research. (archstl.org)
A decade later, cloning came to the forefront in Missouri with the narrow passage of Amendment 2, a ballot initiative in 2006 that constitutionally protects embryonic stem-cell research and human cloning. (archstl.org)
The bill purports to promote stem-cell research, while outlawing the cloning of a human being. (cbc-network.org)
With the way that cloning research is going, you might someday get your wish. (snexplores.org)
She is not affiliated with the new study, but is working on reproductive technology research involving buffalo. (cmaaa.co.za)

At $50,000 a pet, there are unlikely to be huge numbers of cloned cats in the near future. (pooginook.com)

Pig organ size and physiology are comparable to that of humans. (reasons.org)

The researchers' primary aim was to develop genetically identical laboratory dogs for the study of animal and human diseases. (blogspot.com)

Thus, the clone would be genetically identical to the nucleus donor only if the egg came from the same donor or from her maternal line. (who.int)

It is also our view that there are no sound reasons for treating the early-stage human embryo or cloned human embryo as anything special, or as having moral status greater than human somatic cells in tissue culture. (wikiquote.org)
A blastocyst (cloned or not), because it lacks any trace of a nervous system, has no capacity for suffering or conscious experience in any form - the special properties that, in our view, spell the difference between biological tissue and a human life worthy of respect and rights. (wikiquote.org)

Clonaid's claim to have produced the first human clones propelled the ethical debate about human cloning to the headlines last December. (reasons.org)
Given this fanfare, the debate has tended to focus on reproductive cloning-the use of cloning to generate a human being-and its bizarre societal and familial side effects. (reasons.org)

In the case of asexually creating a human, the biotechnologist removes the nucleus from a mature human egg (an oocyte). (cbc-network.org)

The National Institutes of Health defines a human embryo as "the developing organism from the time of fertilization until the end of the eighth week of gestation. (archstl.org)
It defines the term "cloning of a human being" inaccurately. (cbc-network.org)

To date, all animal clones have experienced severe health problems in utero, at the time of birth and throughout life. (reasons.org)

The rate of pubertal development and weaning to estrus interval are correlated and affect reproductive efficiency of swine. (biomedcentral.com)

It's where our cloning process really begins. (wikipedia.org)
Based on all the discussion, it may sound like cloning, human or otherwise, is an easy process. (cshl.edu)
Find out what is actually involved in the cloning process by viewing our short animation. (cshl.edu)
Reproductive cloning is a process that has been around for a long time. (nyln.org)
If it is to be brought to birth, the process is usually called "reproductive cloning. (cbc-network.org)
The goal of cloning is to take control of the reproductive process. (snexplores.org)

The sense of uniqueness, which is integral to the human race, is eliminated in clones. (nyln.org)
Apparently the uniqueness of the canine reproductive system has made it extremely difficult to clone one, but the Koreans have succeeded. (blogspot.com)

HAR occurs because the sugar groups on the surface of pig and human cells differ. (reasons.org)
She is a clone of these udder cells. (cshl.edu)

That is what New Jersey legislators did when they passed and then Governor James McGreevey signed S-1909 last year, a law that was sold to the public as outlawing human cloning but which actually permits the creation of cloned human life, and its implantation and gestation up to and including the very moment prior to the emergence of the cloned baby from the birth canal. (cbc-network.org)

A plant cutting can also be used to generate a clone. (cshl.edu)

In addition, we show that both mPR beta and PGMRC1, two members of distinct membrane-bound progestin receptor classes, exhibit highly similar ovarian expression profiles during the reproductive cycle with maximum levels during vitellogenesis and a down-expression during late vitellogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

What would you think if I told you that human-animal cloning, for example, is carried out in Costa Rica , and that this practice has been taking place for at least a decade there? (real-agenda.com)

However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. (wikiquote.org)
Cloning of a human being" means asexual reproduction by implanting or attempting to implant the product of nuclear transplantation [e.g., an embryo] into a uterus or substitute for a uterus with the purpose of producing a human being. (cbc-network.org)

Moreover, while the term "human being" is not defined in the legislation, in this context, it can only mean the birth of a cloned baby. (cbc-network.org)

They used that material to create a clone but sadly it died shortly after it was born. (nyln.org)

At that point - and this is important to understand - there is no more cloning to be done since a new human organism now exists. (cbc-network.org)
But it is important to understand these are not different types of cloning. (cbc-network.org)

Anatomy29

Organisms29

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs59

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment47

Phenomena and Processes93

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture7

Information Science4

Health Care5

Cows5

Embryos11

Therapeutic7

20024

Dolly the S14

Mice4

Species9

Scientists10

19963

Somatic cell3

Mammalian1

Genes8

Biology4

Sheep4

Beings5

Reproduce3

Monkeys1

Adult3

Produces3

Piglets1

Ethically unacceptable1

Organs2

Genetics1

Ovary1

Ethical issues2

Organisms2

Successfully2

SCNT1

Genetic modification1

Raises1

Primates1

Genomes2

19973

Attempts fail1

Tend2

Experiments1

Twins4

Animals9

Chromosomes2

Traits2

Research8

Cats1

Physiology1

Diseases1

Genetically identical1

Tissue2

Debate2

Asexually1

Defines2

Severe1

Efficiency1

Process6

Uniqueness2

Cells2

Creation1

Generate1

Distinct1

Decade1

Nuclear3

Birth1

Sadly1

Important2