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Pigment Epithelium of EyeRetinal Pigment EpitheliumRetinal PigmentsPigments, BiologicalEpitheliumChoroidLipofuscinBruch MembraneEye ProteinsMacular DegenerationRetinacis-trans-IsomerasesRetinal DegenerationFluorescein AngiographyIodatesPhotoreceptor CellsRetinal DiseasesRetinal DetachmentFundus OculiBile PigmentsPhotoreceptor Cells, VertebrateElectroretinographyMacula LuteaEyeRetinaldehydeChoroidal NeovascularizationMelaninsFluorescent Antibody Technique, IndirectRetinoidsPigmentationCells, CulturedRod Cell Outer SegmentMelanosomesRetinal DrusenRod OpsinsDark AdaptationLightBlood-Retinal BarrierTomography, Optical CoherenceIrisChoroid DiseasesEpithelial CellsVitreous BodySerpinsVitreoretinopathy, ProliferativeOphthalmoscopyRetinal Cone Photoreceptor CellsRats, Mutant StrainsAlbinismRetinal Photoreceptor Cell Outer SegmentMelanophoresRetinol-Binding ProteinsCiliary BodyRhodopsinReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionRNA, MessengerChromatophoresPyridinium CompoundsMicroscopy, ElectronVitamin AMicrophthalmia-Associated Transcription FactorEpithelium, CornealCattleBlotting, WesternGeographic AtrophyChoroideremiaRetinal PerforationsImmunohistochemistryVisual AcuityMelanocytesPhagocytosisMice, Inbred C57BLCell LineLaser CoagulationRetinitis PigmentosaHistocytochemistryRetinal Rod Photoreceptor CellsRetinal VesselsVision, OcularMicroscopy, ConfocalImmunoenzyme TechniquesMicrophthalmosNerve Growth FactorsInjectionsGene ExpressionColoring AgentsTrypan BlueXanthophyllsRetinal NeuronsIndocyanine GreenFluorescenceMicroscopy, FluorescenceCell SurvivalMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningWet Macular DegenerationRana catesbeianaEye DiseasesMolecular Sequence DataCell CountMonophenol Monooxygenase
OpsinChromophoreDegenerationConeExposureProteinFunction
Opsin2
  • A nonvisual opsin known as retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-retinal G-protein- coupled receptor (RGR) was previously shown to mediate visual chromophore regeneration in photic conditions, but conflicting results have cast doubt on its role as a photoisomerase. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Rhodopsin consists of a protein (rod opsin) and a chromophore ligand (11- cis -retinal) and initiates phototransduction in a specialized organelle called the rod outer segment (OS). (jneurosci.org)
Chromophore1
  • Photoisomerization of the 11-cis-retinal chromophore of rod and cone visual pigments to an all-trans-configuration is the initiating event for vision in vertebrates. (johnshopkins.edu)
Degeneration2
  • The acute model of light-induced retinal degeneration uses short exposure to bright white light to study photoreceptor cell death leading to loss of vision. (nature.com)
  • Transgenic animal models expressing rhodopsin glycosylation mutants also exhibit light exacerbated retinal degeneration (RD). In this study, we used transgenic Xenopus laevis to investigate the pathogenic mechanism connecting light exposure and RD in photoreceptors expressing T4K or T17M rhodopsin. (jneurosci.org)
Cone2
  • Recently, we generated R91W;Nrl −/− double-mutant mice, which display a well-ordered all-cone retina with normal retinal vasculature and a strong photopic function that generates useful vision. (nature.com)
  • Collectively, our data suggest that exposure of R91W;Nrl −/− mice to blue light not only induces cone cell death but also disrupts the inner blood-retinal barrier. (nature.com)
Exposure1
  • In vitro , T4K and T17M rhodopsins showed reduced ability to regenerate pigment after light exposure. (jneurosci.org)
Protein2
  • This activity was associated with RGR and enhanced by cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP), which binds the 11-cis-retinal produced by RGR and prevents its re-isomerization to all-trans-retinal. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Upon photon capture, 11- cis -retinal isomerizes to all-trans resulting in a shift in rhodopsin's conformation and binding to the G-protein transducin ( Ridge and Palczewski, 2007 ). (jneurosci.org)
Function1
  • The regeneration of 11-cis-retinal, necessary for sustained visual function, is an endergonic process normally conducted by specialized enzyme systems. (johnshopkins.edu)