• 13 ] isolated mononuclear cells from human peripheral blood that were enriched for expression of the hematopoietic stem cell marker CD34 [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Tumors exhibit significant myeloid cell infiltrates, which are actively recruited to the tumor microenvironment. (hindawi.com)
  • Finally, we will comment on the mechanisms regulating myeloid cell recruitment to the tumor microenvironment and on the potential of myeloid cells as new targets for cancer therapy. (hindawi.com)
  • Specifically, the concepts of tumour heterogeneity, oncogene addiction, non-oncogene addiction, tumour initiating cells, tumour microenvironment, non-coding sequences and DNA damage response will be reviewed. (bmj.com)
  • Other cells are also present in the thymus, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and a small amount of B cells, neutrophils and eosinophils. (wikipedia.org)
  • The innate immune system is mainly composed of myeloid lineage cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, and mast cells [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Although tumor cells were first thought to drive the cellular events underpinning tumor angiogenesis and growth, considerable evidence has now emerged for the central role of tumor infiltrating myeloid cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils in this phenomenon [ 8 - 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Myeloid cells promote tumor growth by stimulating tumor angiogenesis, suppressing tumor immunity, and promoting metastasis to distinct sites. (hindawi.com)
  • In this review, we discuss the role of myeloid cells in promoting tumor angiogenesis. (hindawi.com)
  • Importantly, during tumor progression, myeloid cells are implicated in promoting tumor angiogenesis, causing resistance against antiangiogenic therapies in cancer, and suppressing the immune response during cancer [ 3 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In 1971, Dr. Judah Folkman observed that neovascularization occurs around tumors and proposed that new blood vessel growth is necessary to supply nutrients and oxygen to tumor cells during exponential tumor growth [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Specific growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), stimulate the proliferation and migration of naturally quiescent endothelial cells, resulting in the formation of new vessel structures during embryonic development and tumor growth [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • This suggested that EPCs are able to differentiate into endothelial cells and that such cells are incorporated into sites of active angiogenesis including ischemia, tumor angiogenesis, and metastasis in adult organisms [ 16 , 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Upon delivery, an oncolytic virus (OV) will infect a relatively low percentage of cancer cells in the tumor tissue. (mdpi.com)
  • When an OV is armed with bi-specific T cell engager (BiTE), it also expresses and secretes a large quantity of BiTEs from infected cells, which can diffuse throughout the tumor tissue, activating T cells to recognize and kill cancer cells antigen-specifically. (mdpi.com)
  • Myeloid cells are a heterogeneous population of bone marrow-derived cells that play a critical role during growth and metastasis of malignant tumors. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition to these basic issues concerning leukemia pathogenesis, we are devising new diagnostic procedures for detecting and monitoring leukemia patients based on molecular genetic abnormalities in the malignant cells. (stanford.edu)
  • Abnormalities of the thymus can result in a decreased number of T cells and autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 and myasthenia gravis. (wikipedia.org)
  • These are often associated with cancer of the tissue of the thymus, called thymoma, or tissues arising from immature lymphocytes such as T cells, called lymphoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Upon culture in endothelial growth media, these cells expressed endothelial lineage markers, such as CD31, Tie2, and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and incorporated into blood vessels in ischemic tissues. (hindawi.com)
  • We are studying the role that normal chromatin structure plays in gene regulation in hematopoietic cells and how its disruption leads to altered development and cancer. (stanford.edu)
  • This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)
  • 3) We are defining the properties of cancer stem cells that initiate and sustain the unique disease features of acute leukemias through the use of various adoptive animal models. (stanford.edu)
  • This infection and viral spread lead to oncolysis limited to infected cancer cells, and thus suboptimal efficacy. (mdpi.com)
  • Many uninfected cancer or/and stromal cells can be killed by this mechanism, resulting in much improved therapeutic efficacy. (mdpi.com)
  • Our research focuses on developmental pathways that regulate hematopoietic cell growth and differentiation and are disrupted in the course of neoplastic transformation, particularly in leukemias and lymphomas. (stanford.edu)
  • Nevertheless, some T cell development continues throughout adult life. (wikipedia.org)
  • T cells are critical to the adaptive immune system, where the body adapts to specific foreign invaders. (wikipedia.org)
  • We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)
  • Subsequent studies described a VEGFR2 and AC133 expressing subpopulation of these CD34 positive circulating cells that could form endothelial colonies in vitro [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Other cells are also present in the thymus, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and a small amount of B cells, neutrophils and eosinophils. (wikipedia.org)
  • The current data show that desensitization of neutrophils to any two CEACAMs results in selective desensitization to those two CEACAMs, while the cells remain responsive to the other two neutrophil CEACAMs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During B cell lymphopoiesis , CD19 surface expression starts during immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangement , which coincides during B lineage commitment from hematopoietic stem cell . (wikidoc.org)
  • The thymus is made up of immature T cells called thymocytes, as well as lining cells called epithelial cells which help the thymocytes develop. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cortex is mainly made up of thymocytes and epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The thymocytes, immature T cells, are supported by a network of the finely-branched epithelial reticular cells, which is continuous with a similar network in the medulla. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the medulla, the network of epithelial cells is coarser than in the cortex, and the lymphoid cells are relatively fewer in number. (wikipedia.org)
  • Concentric, nest-like bodies called Hassall's corpuscles (also called thymic corpuscles) are formed by aggregations of the medullary epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • These are concentric, layered whorls of epithelial cells that increase in number throughout life. (wikipedia.org)
  • These are often associated with cancer of the tissue of the thymus, called thymoma, or tissues arising from immature lymphocytes such as T cells, called lymphoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • [5] CD19 expression in mature B cells is three fold higher than that in immature B cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • T cells are critical to the adaptive immune system, where the body adapts to specific foreign invaders. (wikipedia.org)
  • The presence of a functional BCR is necessary during antigen-dependent differentiation and for continued survival in the peripheral immune system. (wikidoc.org)
  • Due to its presence on all B cells, it is a biomarker for B lymphocyte development, lymphoma diagnosis and can be utilized as a target for leukemia immunotherapies . (wikidoc.org)
  • B-lymphocyte antigen CD19 , also known as CD19 molecule ( C luster of D ifferentiation 19 ), B-Lymphocyte Surface Antigen B4 , T-Cell Surface Antigen Leu-12 and CVID3 is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the gene CD19 . (wikidoc.org)
  • These results indicate that cell surface molecules other than Fc gamma R can mediate ADE and suggest that the Fc gamma R does not provide a unique signal necessary for enhanced infection. (nih.gov)
  • A trisaccharide antigen expressed on glycolipids and many cell-surface glycoproteins. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, Lewis X antigen is a stage-specific embryonic antigen. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, cells desensitized to CEACAM-3, -6, and -8 were still responsive to stimulation of CEACAM1 by CD66a mAbs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [14] Experiments using CD19 knockout mice found that CD19 is essential for B cell differentiative events including the formation of B-1 , germinal center , and marginal zone (MZ) B cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • Using a loss of function approach, researchers found reduced MYC levels in B cells of CD19 knockdown mice. (wikidoc.org)
  • Members of the carcinoembryonic antigen family (CEACAMs) are widely expressed, and, depending on the tissue, capable of regulating diverse functions including tumor promotion, tumor suppression, angiogenesis, and neutrophil activation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CD19 is widely expressed during all phases of B cell development until terminal differentiation into plasma cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • CD66a, CD66b, CD66c, and CD66d antibodies each increase neutrophil adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To examine potential interactions of CEACAMs in neutrophil signaling, the effects on neutrophil adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells of a set of CD66 mAbs was tested following desensitization to stimulation by various combinations of these mAbs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • [3] [4] CD19 plays two major roles in human B cells . (wikidoc.org)
  • Similar interactions may occur in other cells expressing CEACAMs. (biomedcentral.com)