Physiological pathways. Medical search. Frequent questions

Cellular senescence modifies many functional aspects of adipose tissue, leading to metabolic alterations through defective adipogenesis, inflammation, and aberrant adipocytokine production, and in turn, it triggers systemic inflammation and senescence, as well as insulin resistance in metabolically active tissues, leading to premature declined physiological features. (unisannio.it)
As a consequence, many hematological, physiological, metabolic and immunological parameters of stressed calves might be altered on arrival at the veal farm. (frontiersin.org)
By using multi-omics and molecular biology approaches, he aims to unravel the key metabolic pathways involved in cancer development and progression, and to identify new metabolic inhibitors with therapeutic potential for cancer therapy. (benthamscience.com)
Since carnitine, namely l-acetyl-carnitine (LAC), has been demonstrated to be effective in the modulation of the central hypothalamic control of GnRH secretion, we aimed to evaluate whether a combined integrative treatment for 12 weeks of LAC (250 mg/die) and l-carnitine (500 mg/die) was effective in improving the endocrine and metabolic pathways in a group of patients (n = 27) with FHA. (researchgate.net)
Research conducted at the University of Southern California (USC), including studies led by Dr. Valter Longo, has shown that fasting and fasting mimetics can activate cellular pathways that promote cellular rejuvenation, metabolic flexibility, longevity, and overall health. (healthnews.com)
After the protein has been produced, the mRNA is degraded via physiological, metabolic pathways. (cosmosmagazine.com)
Thus, e.g., inhibition of metabolic changes including air trapping, bronchial wall thickening, and clearance pathways leads to a diminished scrubbing capacity constrictive bronchiolitis (Akpinar-Elci et al. (cdc.gov)

In the field of molecular biology, the cAMP-dependent pathway, also known as the adenylyl cyclase pathway, is a G protein-coupled receptor-triggered signaling cascade used in cell communication. (wikipedia.org)
Exercise and exercise-induced weight loss have a beneficial effect on overall health, including positive effects on molecular pathways associated with immune function, especially in overweight individuals. (jyu.fi)
In summary, this study elucidated a number of molecular pathways presumably explaining immunosuppression in individuals going through prolonged periods of intense training with low-energy availability. (jyu.fi)
These findings validate the proposed systems biology approach to understand the molecular pathways underlying decreased beta cell mass in diabetes mellitus and have provided important information for the development of novel alternatives to preserve beta cell mass in early diabetes. (europa.eu)
These compounds replicate the physiological effects of fasting by activating similar molecular pathways. (healthnews.com)
The student will learn a wide range of molecular and physiological techniques. (lu.se)

Regulation of ethylene metabolism in tomato under salinity stress involving linkages with important physiological signaling pathways. (bvsalud.org)
ODE induced significant NOD2 mRNA and protein expression at 24 and 48 h, respectively, which was mediated via a NF-KB signaling pathway as opposed to a TNF-a autocrine/paracrine mechanism. (cdc.gov)

However, because most physiological studies of layer V pyramidal neurons have been carried out on unidentified cells, we know little about how anatomical and physiological properties relate to subcortical projection site. (nih.gov)
Because Radiofrequency (RF) energy has been shown to renew and restore spatial structural arrangement of collagen fibers, treatment of ED with RF could lead to anatomical and physiological changes at the penile tissue level and could lead to improvement in the erectile mechanism. (researchgate.net)

Here we emphasize how ET, SA and PA cooperates with mitochondrial alternating oxidase (AOX), salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathways and the antioxidants (ANTOX) system to better understand the salinity stress resistance mechanism. (bvsalud.org)
While recent work has emphasized the importance of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, the role of the glycolytic pathway in axon morphogenesis and maintenance remains minimally understood. (jneurosci.org)

cAMP-dependent pathway is necessary for many living organisms and life processes. (wikipedia.org)
The current literature evaluated in this paper provides an overview of salinity stress resistance mechanism involving synchronized routes of ET metabolism by SA and PAs, connecting regulated network of central physiological processes governing through the action of AOX, ß-CAS, SOS and ANTOX pathways, which might be crucial for the development of tomato . (bvsalud.org)
We know that stressors of all kinds, including both physical and psychological stressors, trigger the activation of stress hormones and brain pathways important for the regulation of both bodily functions and cognitive processes. (nih.gov)
The behavioural and biological responses of a child to the obesogenic environment can be shaped by processes even before birth, placing an even greater number of children on the pathway to becoming obese when faced with an unhealthy diet and low physical activity. (who.int)
They trigger processes such as autophagy (cellular recycling) , mitochondria biogenesis, stem cell activation, ketogenesis (production of ketone bodies), and the reduction of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels, along with inhibiting the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which is involved in cell growth and metabolism. (healthnews.com)
Se- lective receptor inactivation is an early change fol- lowing exposure to certain neurotoxins, e.g., failure of the generator potential, followed by loss of the axon filopod processes in Pacinian corpuscles, are early physiological and morphological alterations following acrylamide intoxication (4, 5). (cdc.gov)
For instance, to optimise the response to variations in day length, the photoperiodic pathway interacts with the circadian clock, which controls numerous physiological processes in plants. (who.int)

This pathway can activate enzymes and regulate gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
Molecules that activate cAMP pathway include: cholera toxin - increases cAMP levels forskolin - a diterpene natural product that activates adenylyl cyclase caffeine and theophylline inhibit cAMP phosphodiesterase, which degrades cAMP - thus enabling higher levels of cAMP than would otherwise be had. (wikipedia.org)
This allows the coupling of ATP binding and hydrolysis to electron transfer against a redox potential gradient and metal incorporation to (re)activate one of the central players of the pathway. (degruyter.com)
Stress is the adaptive response of our body through all its homeostatic systems, to external and/or internal stimuli that activate specific and nonspecific physiological pathways. (researchgate.net)
This is mediated by cytokines and other mediators released by the activated immune cells invading the islets, which activate secondary pathways of cell death in the target beta cells. (europa.eu)

In parallelly, a large amount of evidence confirmed that gut microbiota composition played critical roles in regulating the physiological and pathological functions of the brain. (frontiersin.org)
Prostaglandins are associated with diverse physiological and pathological pathways. (rndsystems.com)

i.e. innate within your physiology provided that you understand some foundational physiological principles. (nfpt.com)

The pathway may also be deactivated downstream by directly inhibiting adenylyl cyclase or dephosphorylating the proteins phosphorylated by PKA. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to these essential elements, several proteins and signalling pathways are also involved in photoperiodic responses in plants. (who.int)

The data reveal that the glycolytic pathway is required for normal sensory axon extension in the presence of NGF, while in the absence of NGF the glycolytic pathway is required for axon maintenance. (jneurosci.org)
Emotional influences on food choice: Sensory, physiological and psychological pathways. (bvsalud.org)

Phenolic compounds are an important class of plant secondary metabolites which play crucial physiological roles throughout the plant life cycle. (mdpi.com)
May play a potentially crucial role in regulating important physiological pathways including complement activation, blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and the generation of kinins. (lu.se)

ATSDR identifies and evaluates exposure pathways by considering how people might come into contact with a chemical. (cdc.gov)

The combination of the indicated challenges and the immature physiological systems of the calves may explain the high susceptibility of calves to infections. (frontiersin.org)
Principles of Pediatric Environmental Health: Why Do a Child's Age and Developmental Stage Affect Physiological Susceptibility to Toxic Substances? (cdc.gov)

Previous literature mainly assessed the physiological responses of calves to transportation. (frontiersin.org)
Organic dust augments nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain expression via an NF-kB pathway to negatively regulate inflammatory responses. (cdc.gov)

It is the transmission mechanism for physiological pain and does not describe psychological pain. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Mihaylova, M. M. & Shaw, R. J. The AMPK signalling pathway coordinates cell growth, autophagy and metabolism. (nature.com)
Since mitochondria emerged from bacterial ancestors during endosymbiosis, mitochondria, and bacteria had analogous genomic characteristics, similar bioactive compounds and comparable energy metabolism pathways. (frontiersin.org)
Phase 2 metabolism and renal elimination pathways are not fully mature in the first year of life [Ginsberg et al. (cdc.gov)

Mechanisms that trigger leaf drop is a process which includes physiological and chemical pathways happening within the plants. (wikipedia.org)
The literature on mechanisms includes endocrinological and other physiological pathways, whereas newer evidence on behaviorally mediated effects is growing steadily (e.g. (cdc.gov)
Understanding the mechanisms involved in guiding at least under homeostatic or physiological conditions. (lu.se)

Among these, the citric acid cycle intermediate succinate stands out owing to its multiple roles in disparate pathways, its dramatic concentration changes and its selective cell release. (nature.com)

The cAMP pathway is studied through loss of function (inhibition) and gain of function (increase) of cAMP. (wikipedia.org)
Specifically, NF-KB translocation increased rapidly following ODE stimulation as demonstrated by EMSA, and inhibition of the NF-KB pathway significantly reduced ODE-induced NOD2 expression. (cdc.gov)

In terminally differentiated cell fate is coupled to appropriate regulation of the alternative cells, transcriptional networks must be stable and irreversible, pathways. (lu.se)

Molecules that inhibit the cAMP pathway include: cAMP phosphodiesterase converts cAMP into AMP by breaking the phosphodiester bond, in turn reducing the cAMP levels Gi protein, which is a G protein that inhibits adenylyl cyclase, reducing cAMP levels. (wikipedia.org)
The reductive acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) pathway, also known as the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, allows reduction and condensation of two molecules of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) to build the acetyl-group of acetyl-CoA. (degruyter.com)

Thus, to address this hypothesis, we applied a high-throughput systems biology approach to better characterize potential key pathways associated with immune system modulation during intensive weight loss and subsequent weight regain. (jyu.fi)

In a cAMP-dependent pathway, the activated Gs alpha subunit binds to and activates an enzyme called adenylyl cyclase, which, in turn, catalyzes the conversion of ATP into cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). (wikipedia.org)
Five novel xylosides tagged with the fluorescent probe Pacific Blue™ were synthesized and found to act as substrates for β4GalT7, a bottleneck enzyme in the biosynthetic pathways leading to glycosaminoglycans. (lu.se)

In recent years, a mass of research has identified that gut microbiota and corresponding bacterial metabolites can target the brain through various pathways, such as nervous conduction (enteric nerve, vagus nerve, etc. (frontiersin.org)

Describe the biological and physiological aspects of colon cancer and potential chemical treatments or pathways that are affected. (moreessays.com)

By manipulating ROCK pathway, we demonstrate that stretch-induced Yap/Taz activation promotes alveolar differentiation toward AT1 phenotype via ROCK activity. (lu.se)

Here we combine neuroanatomical tract tracing with whole cell recordings in mouse somatosensory cortex to test whether neurons with the same projection target form discrete subpopulations and whether they have stereotyped physiological properties. (nih.gov)
The experience of physiological pain can be grouped according to the source and related nociceptors, or pain detecting neurons. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

These data indicate that the glycolytic pathway is operative in distal axons and contributes to the rate of axon extension and growth cone dynamics in the presence of NGF and that, in the absence of NGF, the axonal glycolytic pathway is required for axon maintenance. (jneurosci.org)

Specific modalities can be associated with unique peripheral receptors, peripheral axons of stereotyped diameter and specific central projection pathways. (cdc.gov)

Overall, the current study did not find evidence supporting the pathway from perceived discrimination to couple relationship functioning through allostatic load. (umd.edu)

Nociception, on the other hand, is a neurophysiological term that denotes specific activity in nerve pathways. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

This Specific Targeted Research Project (STREP) aims to utilise functional genomics to identify pathways responsible for the reduction of beta cell mass in diabetes, and use this knowledge to define targets for intervention to preserve beta cell mass. (europa.eu)
the reduction in diacetyl uptake by butyric acid could be this may represent a detoxification pathway. (cdc.gov)

show this method can be used for examining other physiological conditions, such as exposure to nitric oxide and osmotic pressure. (osti.gov)

The physiological response of plants to the length of day or night is known as photoperiodism. (who.int)
The plant uses this physiological response to time-critical developmental events like flowering. (who.int)

Although these pathways can be incredibly important for survival, they can also be maladaptive-especially with severe or chronic forms of stress-overwhelming both the brain and the rest of the body. (nih.gov)

Cumulative physiological stress is associated with age-related changes to peripheral T lymphocyte subsets in healthy humans. (usda.gov)

It may help them to maintain physiological synchronization with the host plants," said Graham. (popsci.com)

The physiological conditions experienced by a microbial community can thus be inferred using meta-transcriptomic sequencing by comparing transcription levels of specifically chosen genes. (osti.gov)
Nevertheless, together with benchmarking analyses, we show here that the diametric ratio approach can be applied for evaluating the physiological conditions experienced by microbes in situ. (osti.gov)
We hypothesize this is due to the charge of the fluorescent probe, which is required for fluorescent ability and stability under physiological conditions. (lu.se)

Pathways of parental influence on adolescent diet and obesity: A physiological stress-focused perspective. (usda.gov)

Association between physiological stress load and diet quality patterns differs between male and female adults. (usda.gov)

This leads to an increase in adenylyl cyclase activity, thereby increasing cAMP levels, which can lead to an increase in insulin and therefore hypoglycemia The Gs alpha subunit slowly catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP, which in turn deactivates the Gs protein, shutting off the cAMP pathway. (wikipedia.org)
A variety of extrinsic cues converge on the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathway. (nature.com)

In addition to the central catalysts, CO dehydrogenase and acetyl-CoA synthase, ATPases are needed in the pathway. (degruyter.com)

This leads to the activation of the cAMP-dependent pathway. (wikipedia.org)

Recently, our lab found that touch signalling is controlled by multiple complementary signalling pathways. (lu.se)

Chemicals and Drugs5

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Phenomena and Processes1

Information Science1

Metabolic7

Molecular6

Signaling2

Anatomical and physiological2

Mitochondrial2

Processes7

Activate5

Pathological2

Physiology1

Proteins2

Sensory2

Crucial2

ATSDR1

Susceptibility2

Responses2

Psychological1

Metabolism3

Mechanisms3

Roles1

Inhibition2

Regulation1

Molecules2

Immune1

Enzyme2

Metabolites1

Biological1

Differentiation1

Neurons2

Dynamics1

Projection1

Evidence1

Nerve1

Reduction2

Exposure1

Response2

Important1

Peripheral1

Plants1

Conditions3

Perspective1

Stress1

Protein2

Central1

Activation1

Multiple1