• Cell biology research extends to both the great diversities of single-celled organisms like bacteria and the complex specialized cells in multicellular organisms like humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell biology can be described as all of the following: Branch of science - A systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell biology - (formerly cytology) The study of cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cellular differentiation - A concept in developmental biology whereby less specialized cells become a more specialized cell type in multicellular organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell biology (formerly cytology , from the Greek kytos , "container") is an academic discipline that studies cells - their physiological properties, their structure, the organelles they contain, interactions with their environment, their life cycle, division and death. (phys.org)
  • Cell biology research encompasses both the great diversity of single-celled organisms like bacteria and protozoa, as well as the many specialized cells in multicellular organisms like humans. (phys.org)
  • Appreciating the similarities and differences between cell types is particularly important to the fields of cell and molecular biology as well as to biomedical fields such as cancer research and developmental biology. (phys.org)
  • Hence, research in cell biology is closely related to genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology and developmental biology. (phys.org)
  • To understand the molecular biology of peptide hormone action, we studied response of budding yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) to its peptide mating pheromones ( a -factor and α-factor). (berkeley.edu)
  • 1400 EXPLORING CONCEPTS IN BIOLOGY A lower-division UCA Core course. (uca.edu)
  • Cells is an international, peer-reviewed , open access journal of cell biology, molecular biology, and biophysics, published semimonthly online by MDPI. (guoweishu.com)
  • The Spanish Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (SEBBM) , Nordic Autophagy Society (NAS) , Spanish Society of Hematology and Hemotherapy (SEHH) and Society for Regenerative Medicine (Russian Federation) (RPO) are affiliated with Cells and their members receive discounts on the article processing charges. (guoweishu.com)
  • The use of real-time, live-cell analysis provides new possibilities and cell biology workflows. (news-medical.net)
  • Our results unveil a novel player in the complex regulation of OPC biology, on the one hand showing that JNK1 ablation cell-autonomously determines alterations of OPC proliferation and branching architecture and, on the other hand, suggesting that JNK1 signaling in OLs participates in myelination in vivo. (nature.com)
  • The Division of Cellular, Developmental and Integrative Biology comprises a faculty with diverse research interests employing a broad range of approaches to study organisms across plant and animal taxa. (lsu.edu)
  • In mammals, physiological Wnt signaling is intimately involved with the biology of adult stem cells and self-renewing tissues (18,19). (hubrecht.eu)
  • We were the first to link Wnt signaling with adult stem cell biology, when we showed that TCF4 gene disruption leads to the abolition of crypts of the small intestine (8), and that TCF1 gene knockout severely disables the stem cell compartment of the thymus (2). (hubrecht.eu)
  • [ 3 ] In an attempt to improve outcomes in HNSCC, most research in the field is now focusing on the molecular biology of HNSCC in an attempt to target select pathways involved in carcinogenesis. (medscape.com)
  • Some of the new approaches depend on tumor biology and aim specifically to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by targeting the tumor microenvironment or vasculature (leaving normal cells unaffected) or focusing on specific protein or signal transduction pathways. (medscape.com)
  • As our understanding of the molecular biology of HNSCC continues to develop, we can target the specific components of cancer cells that are not found in normal cells. (medscape.com)
  • In the 1980s, molecular biology and genetics techniques were introduced to promote the refinement of molecular description of the neural substrates involved in complex behavior and its disorders (Cowan, Harter, & Kandel, 2000). (bvsalud.org)
  • In this part of interphase, the cell synthesizes mRNA and proteins in preparation for subsequent steps leading to mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Once the required proteins and growth are complete, the cell enters the next phase of the cell cycle, S phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Diver lab studies the physiological roles and molecular mechanisms of understudied membrane-embedded proteins with the goal of revealing novel therapeutic targets for diseases such as pain and cancer. (mskcc.org)
  • Tumor suppressor genes code for proteins that inhibit cell division and growth, acting as a control mechanism to prevent excessive cell proliferation. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Some tumor suppressor proteins are involved in maintaining cell adhesion, preventing cells from breaking away and spreading to other parts of the body (metastasis). (pharmiweb.com)
  • Cell adhesion molecules are a diverse group of proteins that play a crucial role in mediating cell-to-cell interactions and cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Free SepF interferes with recruitment of late cell division proteins. (uva.nl)
  • Cells depend on their DNA for coding information to make various classes of proteins that include enzymes, certain hormones, transport proteins, and structural proteins that support life. (cdc.gov)
  • Specialized cell structures called ribosomes are the cellular organelles that actually synthesize the proteins (RNA transcription). (cdc.gov)
  • These vectors have a number of appealing features including the expression by using the machinery of the host cell instead of depending abilities to ef®ciently transduce cells in the central nervous system, on recombinant regulatory proteins. (lu.se)
  • This classification was abandoned because of the observation that surface proteins were missing not only in the RBC membrane but also in all blood cells, including the platelet and white cells. (medscape.com)
  • The common denominator in the disease, a biochemical defect, appears to be a genetic mutation leading to the inability to synthesize the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor that binds these proteins to cell membranes. (medscape.com)
  • Due to its location on the X chromosome, and due to X inactivation in female somatic cells, only one mutation is required in either males or females to abolish the expression of GPI-linked proteins. (medscape.com)
  • Membrane trafficking defects caused by mutation in OCRL may explain renal tubular defects observed in Lowe syndrome, including the inability of proximal tubular cells (PTC) to reabsorb low-molecular weight (LMW) proteins and other solutes such as phosphorus and bicarbonate from the glomerular filtrate. (medscape.com)
  • The low number of megalin at the PTC apical border explains the reduced endocytosis of low-molecular weight proteins that occur in Lowe syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • RESULTS: Sesamol suppressed the proliferation through inhibiting DNA replication, triggering cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of RA-FLS. (bvsalud.org)
  • Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation , and cell proliferation . (lookformedical.com)
  • An aberrant miRNA expression could contribute to cancer development and progression [ 6 , 7 ] and could affect their target genes that are involved in many biological processes, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and development [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • OPC architecture, proliferation and oligodendro-/myelino-genesis are finely regulated by the interplay of cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors. (nature.com)
  • Both a cell-intrinsic program and environmental factors participate in the regulation of OPC architecture, proliferation and oligodendro-/myelino-genesis. (nature.com)
  • With its absence, the human body will be functioning without its "brake" of cell proliferation. (pharmiweb.com)
  • We are especially interested in mechanisms that allow rapid cell proliferation and hence rapid body growth in young mammals and subsequently suppress proliferation, thus setting a fundamental limit on the adult body size of the species. (nih.gov)
  • The deceleration in body growth is due primarily to a progressive decline in cell proliferation, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. (nih.gov)
  • For the downregulated genes in the program, gene ontology analyses indicated strong overrepresentation of genes implicated in cell growth/ proliferation (see reference 2). (nih.gov)
  • The observed effects on cell proliferation in vitro were concordant with effects on body size reported in mice with targeted ablation of these genes and thus suggest that the previously observed altered body size represents a direct effect on cell proliferation, rather than only indirect effects such as systemic disease, placental dysfunction, or impaired prior organogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • A mutation in this gene resulting in reduced cell proliferation, and impaired cell motility and polarity, and has been identified in patients with primary microcephaly. (cancerindex.org)
  • During cell growth and proliferation, ubiquitin plays an outsized role in promoting progression through the cell cycle. (intechopen.com)
  • Notably, the G1/S boundary represents a major barrier to cell proliferation and is universally dysfunctional in cancer cells, allowing for the unbridled proliferation observed in malignancy. (intechopen.com)
  • Numerous E3 ubiquitin ligases, which facilitate the ubiquitination of specific substrates, have been shown to control G1/S. In this chapter, we will discuss components in the ubiquitin proteasome system that are implicated in G1/S control, how these enzymes are interconnected, gaps in our current knowledge, and the potential role of these pathways in the cancer cycle and disease proliferation. (intechopen.com)
  • In response to mito- pendence between the key mecha- gens, cell proliferation is triggered by nistic characteristics. (who.int)
  • H - Ras cell proliferation are also linked with haematopoietic cel s. (who.int)
  • Therefore, the understanding of the diverse signalling molecules, signal recognition mechanisms and signal transduction pathways is fundamental for the insight into physiological and pathophysiological processes. (mdpi.com)
  • Transmembrane and intracellular signal transduction mechanisms are the focus of our group, especially understanding how extracellular stimuli control cell growth and division, cell morphology, and gene expression at the biochemical level. (berkeley.edu)
  • We investigated control mechanisms that regulate the activity, localization, and stability of Wee1, especially the bud neck-localized protein kinase Hsl1 and its more distant paralogs (Gin4 and Kcc4), in particular their recruitment to septin filaments, which assemble at the presumptive site of cell division. (berkeley.edu)
  • So far, there is a lack in understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms and involved cell types. (mdpi.com)
  • One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). (lookformedical.com)
  • Only by further elucidating the control mechanisms of bacterial cell division can we advance the development of new antimicrobial compounds. (csun.edu)
  • Endocrinology, by definition, focuses on homeostatic, and cell‑to‑cell and tissue‑to‑tissue communication mechanisms. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • For the refinement of RCC therapeutic strategies, a better realization of the RCC-underlying molecular mechanisms will be mandatory [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Subsequently, we systematically explored the relationships of ANLN expression with patient prognosis, genetic alterations, phosphorylation, the immune microenvironment, and gene function in order to uncover the molecular mechanisms of ANLN in cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Computational chemist John Chodera uses statistical mechanics, molecular modeling, and automated biophysical experiments to help identify new potential therapeutics and investigate mechanisms of drug resistance in cancer. (mskcc.org)
  • Lydia Finley studies the mechanisms that link metabolic pathways to cell fate decisions. (mskcc.org)
  • They have complementary mechanisms to hinder the carcinogenic process by searching free radicals, inhibiting survival and multiplication of malignant cells, as well as reducing invasiveness and angiogenesis of tumors. (researchsquare.com)
  • We investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing childhood growth and development. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, further investigation of the identified growth-limiting mechanisms may lead to broader medical applications, because disruption of these mechanisms may contribute to oncogenesis, and conversely transient therapeutic suspension of growth-limiting mechanisms in adult cells might be used to achieve tissue regeneration. (nih.gov)
  • Sirtuins have also been implicated in regulating the molecular mechanisms of aging. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Organoid group, previously Clevers group, studies the molecular mechanisms of tissue development and cancer of various organs using organoids made from adult Lgr5 stem cells. (hubrecht.eu)
  • With the increased understanding of molecular mechanisms and basic pathways in the pathogenesis of squamous cell cancer of the head and neck , these pathways may be modified, and rational approaches in cancer therapy at the molecular level may be created. (medscape.com)
  • This course addresses the process of science, as well as a broad range of biological topics, including evolution, genetics, and the structure and function of cells, organisms, communities, and ecosystems. (uca.edu)
  • Cancer genetics, DNA damage response, apoptosis, cell cycle My current research is focused on two transcription factors that respond to DNA damage and play important roles in regulating tumor development. (mdanderson.org)
  • Oliver Stegle is the Head of the Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics Division at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and group leader at EMBL in Heidelberg, Germany. (lu.se)
  • Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. (lookformedical.com)
  • The first project focuses on E2F1, a regulator of genes important for cell cycle progression and apoptosis. (mdanderson.org)
  • In animals, morphological distinctions have since been used to distinguish different types of cell deaths, including apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. (essaywriter.org)
  • Primarily, the aim of anti-cell death in animals is to describe the processes of autophagy and apoptosis, while necrosis is the mechanism for defining the uncontrollable or chaotic mode of death. (essaywriter.org)
  • Majority of the literature and experiments in the field of programmed cell death in plants draw heavily on comparative analysis retrieved from paradigms of animal systems such as apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. (essaywriter.org)
  • induces growth arrest or apoptosis depending on the physiological circumstances and cell type. (lsbio.com)
  • LincRNA-p21 participates in TP53-dependent transcriptional repression leading to apoptosis and seem to have to effect on cell-cycle regulation. (lsbio.com)
  • They can trigger apoptosis, a process of programmed cell death, when a cell becomes irreparably damaged or poses a risk of becoming cancerous. (pharmiweb.com)
  • To evaluate the mechanism of TiO2 mediated toxicity, the bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to TiO2 (10 microg/mL) and the apoptosis and necrosis were measured. (cdc.gov)
  • Many types of cells are involved in the progression of RA joint inflammation, among which the overactivation of M1 macrophages and osteoclasts has been thought to be an essential cause of joint inflammation and bone destruction. (bvsalud.org)
  • Some authors will say that the restriction point and the G1/S checkpoint are one and the same, but more recent studies have argued that there are two different points in the G1 phase that check the progression of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • The G1/S checkpoint is the point between G1 phase and the S phase in which the cell is cleared for progression into the S phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • We revealed that radon exposure significantly improves clinical disease progression and significantly increases B cell numbers and IL-5 levels, while no alterations in the antioxidative system were found in K/BxN serum-induced arthritic mice. (mdpi.com)
  • The eukaryotic cell cycle comprises a series of events, whose ordering and correct progression depends on the oscillating activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), which safeguard timely duplication and segregation of the genome. (unimi.it)
  • Cell division is intimately connected to an evolutionarily conserved DNA damage response (DDR), which involves DNA repair pathways that reverse DNA lesions, as well as checkpoint pathways that inhibit cell cycle progression while repair occurs. (unimi.it)
  • Prevents CDK7 kinase activity when associated to CAK complex in response to DNA damage, thus stopping cell cycle progression. (lsbio.com)
  • This kinase is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression and G1/S transition. (cancerindex.org)
  • Progression through the cell cycle is driven by the oscillating activity of Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs). (intechopen.com)
  • Their multi‑functional cargo have been indicated to regulate a vast number of biological pathways in target cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It is involved in p53 pathways and is implicated in cell death/survival signaling, the cell cycle, and differentiation, thereby playing a regulatory role in carcinogenesis [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The main aim of this paper is to review the pathways that lead to cell death in plants with a purpose of identifying the anti-cell death genes. (essaywriter.org)
  • Sensitization of cancer cells to conventional drugs using multi-target agents that block survival and oncogenic pathways, alone or in combination, is an emerging strategy to overcome drug resistance. (researchsquare.com)
  • These phytochemicals frequently act by means of regulating molecular pathways which are embroiled in development and dissemination of cancer. (researchsquare.com)
  • A number of direct and indirect radiation interaction pathways can produce damage to the DNA of irradiated cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Cellular respiration - The metabolic reactions and processes that take place in a cell or across the cell membrane to convert biochemical energy from fuel molecules into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and then release the cell's waste products. (wikipedia.org)
  • When a cell switches state from one cell type to another, it undergoes cellular differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • This course introduces students to the molecular and cellular basis of structure and function of organisms. (uca.edu)
  • The multi‑dimensional nature of their roles in cellular homeostasis, cell‑to‑cell and tissue‑to‑tissue communication at the level of the organism, as well as their actions on the holobiome (intra‑/interspecies interaction), have garnered the interest of a large number of researchers. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • We have many more things to find out to be able to understand if RNA sensing is an evolutionary adaptation used in cases of high cellular plasticity to finetune cell fate decisions," says Eirini Trompouki. (eurekalert.org)
  • Anti-cell death is a technique adopted by multi-cellular organisms as a defensive and developmental mechanism (Franklin-Tong and Gourlay, pg 390). (essaywriter.org)
  • The Incucyte ® Live-Cell Analysis System delivers flexible kinetic quantification of biological phenotypes to monitor growth, motility, morphology, and cellular function. (news-medical.net)
  • Tumor suppressor genes can promote cellular senescence, a state in which cells stop dividing, preventing the replication of damaged DNA. (pharmiweb.com)
  • if immediate recombination does not occur, these can manifest as some type of molecular, cellular, or organic system alteration. (cdc.gov)
  • For a more thorough review of the role of phosphatidylinositol and the cellular and physiological functions of OCRL1 please refer to the following 2 reviews: (1) McCrea HJ, De Camilli P. Mutations in phosphoinositide metabolizing enzymes and human disease. (medscape.com)
  • [ 2 ] and (2) Mehta ZB, Pietka G, Lowe M. The cellular and physiological functions of the Lowe syndrome protein OCRL1. (medscape.com)
  • Cell type - Distinct morphological or functional form of cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • On the other hand, similar morphological terms are currently being developed to distinguish different types of cell deaths in plants. (essaywriter.org)
  • Astrocytes are a heterogeneous population of cells with distinguishing functional and morphological characteristics and are specialized to their different brain regions and locations. (news-medical.net)
  • METHODOLOGY: The morphological events and their timing during the cell cycle of T. rangeli epimastigotes were assessed using DNA staining, flagellum labelling and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. (cdc.gov)
  • Low-quality embryos, on the other cells, thereby maintaining a relatively low basal hand, frequently display morphological level [16-18]. (who.int)
  • Phenolic compounds are an important class of plant secondary metabolites which play crucial physiological roles throughout the plant life cycle. (mdpi.com)
  • We also studied the roles of other classes of protein kinases (Cla4) and additional post-translational modifications (SUMOylation) in septin complex assembly, formation of different septin-based supramolecular ensembles, disassembly of septin-containing structures, and the function of septin organization in the events required for cell division and membrane septation during cytokinesis. (berkeley.edu)
  • Our lab studies the roles of lipid biosynthesis in this process, using pharmacological, genetic, and molecular approaches. (csun.edu)
  • The profound roles of exosomes in homeostasis, stress and several pathological conditions, in conjunction with their selective and cell‑specific composition/function, allude to their use as promising circulating clinical biomarkers of systemic stress and specific pathologic states, and as biocompatible vehicles of therapeutic cargo. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Since this discovery, the field of plant programmed cell death has continued to grow, with maturity depicted in studies aimed at distinguishing the roles of plant cell deaths in plant development. (essaywriter.org)
  • In plants, cell death is a fundamental process, as it plays the roles of controlling the elimination of cells during plant development and defense in the form of hypersensitive response. (essaywriter.org)
  • Among the superfamily of cell adhesion molecules, in this article, we mainly focus on Ig-Superfamily CADMs: the members of the Immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules, which play diverse roles in immune responses, neural development, and cell signaling. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Evidently, it has been established from the above outline that cell death plays a pivotal role in the innate responses in both animals and plants. (essaywriter.org)
  • This family, which includes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), plays a pivotal role in normal cell growth, lineage determination, repair, and functional differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • However, the specific molecular mechanism of BBR in macrophage metabolism is yet to be elucidated. (bvsalud.org)
  • They are derived by a targeted mechanism from the cell endocytic compartment and are formed and stored within the intracellular multivesicular bodies (MVBs). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Here we try to explore the possible molecular mechanism that leads to the toxicity of TiO2 and the downstream targets of NGF pathway. (cdc.gov)
  • reported that ANLN may be a therapeutic target in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma HCC owing to its effects on carcinogenesis in HCC cell lines [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example, the cell needs to switch off genes responsible for the energy-saving mode and turns on genes essential for increased metabolism or cell cycling. (eurekalert.org)
  • Therefore, there is need for fundamental distinction between the different types and functions of genes that are involved in anti-cell death in plants. (essaywriter.org)
  • At the end of the discussion, significant insights will be developed to paint a picture of the emerging trends in plant development with respect to the topical research on anti-cell death genes. (essaywriter.org)
  • The dominant discovery in these experiments indicates that there is a heterologous expression of certain genes in plants that can regulate cell death. (essaywriter.org)
  • Involved in cell cycle regulation as a trans-activator that acts to negatively regulate cell division by controlling a set of genes required for this process. (lsbio.com)
  • Scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research in Bad Nauheim have now discovered that the two micro RNA molecules miR-1 and miR-133 in the adult heart inactivate two genes that normally force cell division. (mpg.de)
  • Indeed, the expression of the genes for the oncostatin M receptor and the FGF receptor 1 increased in these cells, and with it the number of receptor molecules. (mpg.de)
  • Amongst the intestinal Wnt target genes (13), we found the Gpr49/Lgr5 gene to be unique in that it marks small cycling cells at crypt bottoms. (hubrecht.eu)
  • Two other Wnt target genes, RNF43 and ZNRF3, encode stem cell-specific E3 ligases that downregulate Wnt receptors in a negative feedback loop (35). (hubrecht.eu)
  • This task can be accomplished by replacing tumor suppressor genes that have been lost or mutated, selectively inserting genes that produce cytotoxic substances, or modifying the immune system to destroy the tumor cells. (medscape.com)
  • The total chromosomal content of a cell involves approximately 105 genes in a specialized macromolecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (cdc.gov)
  • Messenger RNA levels of four genes previously associated with the cell cycle of trypanosomatids (AUK1, PLK, MOB1 and TRACK) were evaluated in the different T. rangeli forms. (cdc.gov)
  • Parachlamydiaceae , which naturally infect amoebae, form a sister taxon to the Chlamydiaceae on the basis of the Chlamydia -like cycle of replication and 80% to 90% homology of ribosomal RNA genes. (cdc.gov)
  • organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis, artificial seed, somaclonal variation, secondary metabolism in plant cell culture, embryo culture, in vitro fertilization. (successcds.net)
  • Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. (lookformedical.com)
  • Rat primary astrocytes were isolated from different brain regions (cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus) and grown in vitro to demonstrate the utilization of live-cell analysis for monitoring and comparing the diversity of cultured astroglia phenotypes. (news-medical.net)
  • Lgr5 resides in Wnt receptor complexes and mediates signaling of the Wnt-agonistic R-spondins (31), explaining the unique dependence of Lgr5 stem cells on secreted R-spondins in vivo and in vitro. (hubrecht.eu)
  • OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the T. rangeli cell cycle in vitro and in vivo by characterizing the timespan of the parasite life cycle and by proposing a molecular marker to assess cytokinesis. (cdc.gov)
  • Additionally, this discussion expands its mandate by analyzing the function and regulation of anti-cell death in plant development. (essaywriter.org)
  • Cell biologist Hironori Funabiki focuses on regulation of the structure and configuration of chromosomes during the cell division cycle. (mskcc.org)
  • Hancock, 2004), and cell volume regulation (Garner and technique known as magnetic relaxation dispersion (MRD). (lu.se)
  • Several Ig-superfamily CADMs are crucial for immune cell interactions. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Under physiological circumstances, the resistance of the endothelial cell lining to interactions with platelets and coagulation factors prevents thrombosis. (medscape.com)
  • A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). (mdpi.com)
  • Caulobacter's obligate cell cycle is controlled by oscillating master regulators that control different genetic modules in space and time. (csun.edu)
  • Despite this, there are adaptive characteristics and distinctive features that that distinguish the lifestyle of plants from those of animals, hence the adoption of only distantly related components in revealing the genetic regulations of plant cell death. (essaywriter.org)
  • LmjMCA null mutants could not be generated and following genetic manipulation to express LmjMCA from an episome, the only mutants that were viable were those expressing LmjMCA at physiological levels. (strath.ac.uk)
  • To investigate the background in more detail, the Max Planck researchers used heart muscle cells in which miR-1/133a could be temporarily inactivated by genetic engineering. (mpg.de)
  • The goal of gene therapy is to introduce new genetic material into cancer cells that selectively kills them without causing toxicity to the surrounding cells. (medscape.com)
  • When the genetic information containing the "blueprint" for these substances is disrupted, cell homeostasis is disrupted, resulting in a wide-range of immediate and/or delayed toxicological effects. (cdc.gov)
  • With the advent of molecular technique, it has become clear that carriage of the genetic defect is much more common than symptomatic AIP. (medscape.com)
  • However, the results also pinpoint that transposable element RNA is used by the cells during developmental transitions. (eurekalert.org)
  • Studies indicate that there are diverse plant developmental systems and a consortium of plant cell culture models being analyzed by different research centers. (essaywriter.org)
  • Other factors have since been linked with the decision by plant cells to activate cell death, including cell survival signals, stress signals, developmental cues, pathogen recognition and metabolic state. (essaywriter.org)
  • Major systems of classification, plant groups, phylogenetic relationships and molecular systematics. (successcds.net)
  • Endosymbiotic theory - The evolutionary theory that certain eukaryotic organelles originated as separate prokaryotic organisms which were taken inside the cell as endosymbionts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Animal cell - Eukaryotic cells belonging to kingdom Animalia, characteristically having no cell wall or chloroplasts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plant cell - Eukaryotic cells belonging to kingdom Plantae and having chloroplasts, cellulose cell walls, and large central vacuoles. (wikipedia.org)
  • The G1 phase, gap 1 phase, or growth 1 phase, is the first of four phases of the cell cycle that takes place in eukaryotic cell division. (wikipedia.org)
  • Describe the structure of an eukaryotic cell, and the central processes in cell division. (ntnu.edu)
  • Astrocytes are specialized glial cells ubiquitously distributed throughout the spinal cord and brain. (news-medical.net)
  • 8 Astrocytes interact with blood vessels, pericytes, and epithelial cells to organize CNS flow and modulate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). (news-medical.net)
  • Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) inhibition transforms human mammary gland epithelial cells. (lsbio.com)
  • Fate of airway epithelial cells exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticle s: NGF regulated apoptotic death. (cdc.gov)
  • The primary human airway bronchial epithelial cells exposed to nanoparticle s elicit high levels of neurotrophins, which has a significant role in modulating the cell cycle, cell proliferations and inflammatory responses. (cdc.gov)
  • Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. (lookformedical.com)
  • T cell receptor. (entrance-exam.net)
  • Myelinating OLs originate from parenchymal precursors expressing the neuron-glia antigen 2 (NG2) chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan and the platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα), commonly referred to as oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) 4 . (nature.com)
  • The two molecules, oncostatin M receptor and FGF receptor 1, control the division activity of heart muscle cells in the adult heart,' says Thomas Böttger, one of the lead authors of the study. (mpg.de)
  • The HER (erbB) family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases is one of the cytostatic targets in tumor cell growth and survival. (medscape.com)
  • Biochemical triggers known as cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) switch on cell cycles events at the corrected time and in the correct order to prevent any mistakes. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this review, we consider the physiological role of Cdks in the DDR. (unimi.it)
  • The Tcf4-driven target gene program in colorectal cancer cells is the malignant counterpart of a physiological gene program in selfrenewing crypts (13, 14). (hubrecht.eu)
  • The Wnt target gene encoding the transcription factor Achaete scute-like 2 controls intestinal stem cell state (26). (hubrecht.eu)
  • Targeted molecular therapy, like therapy with monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy, and other therapies, has limited or nonexistent side effects on normal cells of the body, unlike present modalities such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. (medscape.com)
  • Various techniques have been developed for targeting cancer cells: gene therapy, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), antibody toxin conjugates, small-molecule inhibitors, antisense molecules, and tumor vaccines. (medscape.com)
  • Messenger RNA levels of the Polo-like kinase gene (PLK) correlate with cytokinesis in the Trypanosoma rangeli cell cycle. (cdc.gov)
  • The vast majority of these cells did not divide, suggesting that the transgene was indeed regulated in a similar fashion as the endogenous GFAP gene. (lu.se)
  • Recent studies reported microRNAs as promising biomarkers for early cancer detection, accurate prognosis, and molecular targets for future treatment. (hindawi.com)
  • For example, CD96 mediates various immune responses and is associated with immune cell infiltration and prognosis in patients with melanoma and glioma [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Within this branch of research, I am studying: 1) the physiological and genomic responses of vertebrates to crude oil and its chemical derivatives, and 2) the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on metal bioavailability and toxicity in fish. (lsu.edu)
  • The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability. (lookformedical.com)
  • It plays a major role in cell metabolism, growth, and survival as a core component of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION . (lookformedical.com)
  • An anticancer treatment technology that selectively targets cancer cell lysosomes and overcomes drug resistance has been developed by Professor Ja-Hyoung Ryu and his research team in the Department of Chemistry at UNIST. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Physician-scientist Karuna Ganesh studies stem cell plasticity in metastasis, therapy resistance and tissue regeneration. (mskcc.org)
  • Eukaryote - Organisms whose cells are organized into complex structures enclosed within membranes, including plants, animals, fungi, and protists. (wikipedia.org)
  • The scope of the special issue is to summarize and enlarge the knowledge in signalling processes and networks in diverse cells and tissues. (mdpi.com)
  • This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. (lookformedical.com)
  • All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION . (lookformedical.com)
  • During the treatment, chemotherapeutic agents affect various biochemical processes to kill or reduce the growth of cancer cells, which divide uncontrollably in patients. (eurekalert.org)
  • Cells are potent to go under abnormal growth processes and finally lead to tumor/cancer. (pharmiweb.com)
  • This triggered intracellular processes, at the end of which cell division was initiated in the cardiac muscle cells. (mpg.de)
  • The transition of a cell from an inactive-quiescent to an active proliferative state means a massive reorganization of the genome. (eurekalert.org)
  • In particular, ubiquitin-mediated degradation is critically important at transition points where it provides directionality and irreversibility to the cell cycle, which is essential for maintaining genome integrity. (intechopen.com)
  • Cell - The structural and functional unit of all known living organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • This article discusses how a combination of live-cell analysis methods deliver the required flexibility to allow these highly dynamic astrocytic models to be characterized, via quantification of their growth, motility, morphology, and functional analysis. (news-medical.net)
  • The heart consists of many individual heart muscle cells that are electrically interconnected and represent a functional unit. (mpg.de)
  • Comparison of the structural and functional specialisations of cells lining the stomach with those of the cells lining the small intestine. (markedbyteachers.com)
  • It is important to recognize that the human body functions due to an elaborate coordination within and between cells, tissues and organs. (uca.edu)
  • Ig-superfamily CADMs are involved in mediating cell-to-cell adhesion, helping cells stick together and form tissues and organs. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Cells of the immune system: T, B and macrophages. (entrance-exam.net)
  • Hematopoietic stem cells lie on the top of the hematopoietic hierarchy and can give rise to the majority of blood cells including immune cells. (eurekalert.org)
  • Indeed, HSCs express some receptors that could induce inflammation but they are primarily associated with immune cells and their role is to sense viral RNA. (eurekalert.org)
  • These molecules are essential for embryonic development, wound healing, immune cell recognition, and many other physiological functions. (pharmiweb.com)
  • VCAMs are involved in mediating the adhesion of leukocytes to vascular endothelial cells, facilitating the recruitment of immune cells during inflammation. (pharmiweb.com)
  • PECAM-1 is expressed on the surface of platelets and endothelial cells and is involved in cell adhesion and signaling during immune responses. (pharmiweb.com)
  • The stability of peptide-MHC complex (pMHC) is an important factor to shape the fate of peptide-specific T cell immune response, but how it influences on T cell activation process is poorly understood. (molcells.org)
  • For such a reason, many attempts have been made to enhance antigen-specific T cell immune responses by improving the properties of the peptides with modification of their amino acid sequences. (molcells.org)
  • Overexpression of LmjMCA in promastigotes leads to a severe growth retardation and changes in ploidy, due to defects in kinetoplast segregation and nuclear division and an impairment of cytokinesis. (strath.ac.uk)
  • Most type II PNH cells (total lack of GPI-linked protein) are due to a frame shift mutation occurring in the early hematopoietic progenitor cells, resulting in same mutation in all blood cell lines. (medscape.com)
  • These findings help to better understand the molecular underpinnings of hematopoietic regeneration, especially after chemotherapy. (eurekalert.org)
  • Receptors of this type are ubiquitous and transduce binding of a wide variety of extracellular ligands (peptide hormones, neurotransmitters and other bioactive compounds) into a physiological signal. (berkeley.edu)
  • Exosomes are small lipid bilayer-surrounded extracellular vesicles released from cells into the extracellular space or biological fluids ( 1 , 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The molecules are found on the cell surface, where they facilitate adhesion to neighboring cells or the extracellular matrix, creating stable cell structures and supporting tissue organization. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Specifically, we will focus on the scientific method, organization of the body and anatomical language, homeostasis, cell and tissue function, the skeletal system, the muscular system, and the nervous system. (uca.edu)
  • Scientists can do some nifty things with microbes, including engineering bacterial cells to sense and signal the presence of specific compounds. (phys.org)
  • Role of microbes in biogeochemical cycles Physiological experiments and quantitative microbial analysis. (ntnu.edu)
  • 1998). Airway bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue hyperplasia, and peribron- responses have been induced after inhalation challenge with chiolar plasma cell infiltrates. (cdc.gov)
  • Those problems anhydrides (OAAs) including phthalic anhydride (PA), tetra- may have been due to the regime of exposure, selection of chlorophthalic anhydride, and methyltetrahydrophthalic anhy- animal species, and indices reflecting responses after airway dride are a group of low molecular weight and highly reactive challenge. (cdc.gov)
  • However, the cell-damaging effect of chemotherapy affects cancer cells but also in principle many other cell types, including cycling blood cells. (eurekalert.org)
  • Researchers from the MPI of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, together with colleagues from the University of Freiburg, Lyon, Oxford, and St Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, now discovered that hematopoietic stem cells make use of RNA molecules from junk DNA sections to enhance their activation after chemotherapy. (eurekalert.org)
  • However, upon chemotherapy, they are "forced" to exit quiescence and start cycling. (eurekalert.org)
  • Hematopoietic stem cells respond to chemotherapy by starting proliferating. (eurekalert.org)
  • It is interesting to think that cells make use of transposable elements or other repetitive RNAs to finetune and adapt whenever they need to change their state for example after stress, like chemotherapy or even after physiological stress signals like development or aging," says Eirini Trompouki. (eurekalert.org)
  • They facilitate adhesion between leukocytes and endothelial cells, enabling leukocyte extravasation into tissues during inflammation. (pharmiweb.com)
  • The hemostatic system consists of platelets, coagulation factors, and the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. (medscape.com)
  • The Wee1 class of protein-tyrosine kinase has an important role in cell cycle control. (berkeley.edu)
  • Communicate the role of microorganisms in biogeochemical cycles, and human impact on the carbon and nitrogen cycles. (ntnu.edu)
  • Metacaspases (MCAs) are distant orthologues of caspases and have been proposed to play a role in programmed cell death in yeast and plants, but little is known about their function in parasitic protozoa. (strath.ac.uk)
  • L1CAM plays a role in neural development, axon guidance, and cell migration. (pharmiweb.com)
  • We found that miR-1/133a suppresses two receptors on heart muscle cells. (mpg.de)
  • Conversely, overexpression of miR-1/133a caused the cells to terminate any cell division activity if we had previously induced it by administering the binding molecules of the two receptors, i.e. oncostatin and FGF,' explains Melissa Valussi, first author of the study. (mpg.de)
  • In this case, the heart muscle cells lost the ability to contract due to the unchecked activity of the two receptors and the animals suffered heart failure. (mpg.de)
  • Using relevant sources of literature, the paper delivers a systematic analysis of fascinating analogies between cell death and plant development with respect to the primary functions of cell death as stipulated in the introductory outline of the discussion. (essaywriter.org)
  • There have been several attempts to analyze the concept of cell death in plants since the experimental demonstrations in studies conducted in the 1980s and the 1990s with the aim of dissecting the programmed nature of plant cell death (Xinqiang and Hong, pg 354). (essaywriter.org)
  • The activation of cell death by plants is dependent on the decision by the plant cells based on information that these cells receive from different sources, such as the environment . (essaywriter.org)
  • Stanford Medicine researchers are hopeful that a proof-of-concept treatment in mice-blood stem cell transplants-may reduce signs of Alzheimer's disease. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Under normal conditions, HSCs kept dormant in the bone marrow to preserve their long-term self-renewal potential and prevent stem cell exhaustion. (eurekalert.org)
  • These cells represent the epithelial stem cells of the small intestine and colon (23), the hair follicle (24), the stomach (28) and many other tissue stem cell types. (hubrecht.eu)
  • These epithelial organoid cultures are genetically and phenotypically extremely stable, allowing transplantation of the cultured offspring of a single stem cell, as well as disease modeling by growing organoids directly from diseased patient tissues (32, 47, 53). (hubrecht.eu)
  • Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) was previously classified as purely an acquired hemolytic anemia due to a hematopoietic stem cell mutation defect. (medscape.com)