AutophagySignal TransductionPhagosomesDisease Models, AnimalMice, KnockoutMicrotubule-Associated ProteinsMice, TransgenicMice, Inbred C57BLCells, CulturedCell Line, TumorMembrane ProteinsApoptosisMolecular Sequence DataBlotting, WesternImmunohistochemistryReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionCell LineAmino Acid SequenceAutoantibodiesNeoplasmsApoptosis Regulatory ProteinsLysosomesInflammationUbiquitin-Activating EnzymesTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaRNA, MessengerGene Expression RegulationNeuronsTOR Serine-Threonine KinasesPhosphorylationTransfectionClass III Phosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesCalciumVacuolesAdenineLysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2Models, BiologicalSirolimusMitochondrial DegradationCell SurvivalChloroquineMicroscopy, Electron, TransmissionProteolysisCell DeathRNA, Small InterferingMitochondriaEndoplasmic Reticulum StressRNA InterferenceReactive Oxygen SpeciesGene Knockdown TechniquesMultiprotein ComplexesCytoprotectionStarvationNeurodegenerative DiseasesUbiquitinAdaptor Proteins, Signal TransducingProteasome Endopeptidase ComplexAMP-Activated Protein KinasesStress, PhysiologicalGreen Fluorescent Proteins