• The aim of this study is to identify genetic variants that harbour signatures of recent positive selection and may facilitate physiological adaptations to hypobaric hypoxia. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These variants may contribute to the physiological adaptations to hypobaric hypoxia, possibly by altering lung function. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Adaptation to hypobaric hypoxia (HH) is necessary for humans under several environmental, physiological and pathological situations. (longdom.org)
  • Many organisms in nature have evolved mechanisms to tolerate severe hypoxia or ischemia, including the hibernation-capable Arctic ground squirrel (AGS). (elifesciences.org)
  • Although hypoxic or ischemia tolerance in AGS involves physiological adaptations, little is known about the critical cellular mechanisms underlying intrinsic AGS cell resilience to metabolic stress. (elifesciences.org)
  • I am interested in the physiological and related molecular mechanisms that underlie natural metabolic adaptations to low oxygen stress and enable central nervous system function and viability in hypoxia and ischemia. (weebly.com)
  • Three weeks of interval training in heat, concurrent heat and hypoxia, or temperate environments improve 20-km TT performance to the same extent. (humankinetics.com)
  • Despite indications of physiological adaptations, the addition of independent heat or concurrent heat and hypoxia provided no greater performance benefits in a temperate environment than temperate training alone. (humankinetics.com)
  • While intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) has been reported to evoke cellular responses via hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) but without substantial performance benefits in endurance athletes, we hypothesized that repeated sprint training in hypoxia could enhance repeated sprint ability (RSA) performed in normoxia via improved glycolysis and O(2) utilization. (nih.gov)
  • 30 s) 'all-out' sprints with incomplete recoveries in hypoxia, the so-called repeated sprint training in hypoxia (RSH). (bmj.com)
  • 2 , 3 However, the question as to how effectively prolonged altitude exposure can improve athletic performance and its underpinning physiological mechanisms and signalling pathways remains contentious. (bmj.com)
  • Phenotypic traits of climate stress tolerance rely on a complex and intertwined set of physiological, molecular, and biochemical mechanisms. (cas.cz)
  • The physiological mechanisms that allow them to cope with periodic episodes of hypoxia have been well documented. (silverchair.com)
  • Nevertheless, in areas where escape responses are not possible, many organisms have evolved physiological mechanisms that allow them to cope with acute hypoxic exposure. (silverchair.com)
  • Specifically, I use hypoxia-tolerant comparative model organisms (African mole rats, western painted turtles, goldfish) and oxygen-sensitive mammalian cells and tissues (mouse, human) to investigate cellular and systemic mechanisms involved in hypoxia-tolerance and neuroprotection. (weebly.com)
  • The long-term aim of my research is to discover cellular pathways and molecular candidates that enable endogenous systemic tolerance to low oxygen stress in hypoxia-adapted species, and to translate these mechanisms to hypoxia-intolerant mammals in order to reduce or reverse brain cell injury caused by pathological conditions that compromise oxygen supply to the tissue (e.g. stroke, heart attack, COPD, etc). (weebly.com)
  • The adaptation mechanisms allowing resistance by photosynthetic microorganisms to the extreme sulphureous waters were studied by using a modified Luria-Delbrück fluctuation analysis. (poliglota.net)
  • Thus, despite extreme shade adaptation, isolated diatom cultures have retained the xanthophyll cycle-mediated acclimatory mechanisms of dissipation of excess light energy via heat. (poliglota.net)
  • mRNA targets of these altered miRNAs identify possible protective mechanisms in individual tissues, particularly relevant to hypoxia tolerance, anti-apoptotic pathways, and nitric oxide signal transduction. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Pcrit is nevertheless closely tied to a fish's hypoxia tolerance, in part because some fish prioritize their use of aerobic metabolism over anaerobic metabolism and metabolic suppression. (wikipedia.org)
  • In either case, LOE is a more holistic representation of overall hypoxia tolerance because it incorporates all contributors to hypoxia tolerance, including aerobic metabolism, anaerobic metabolism and metabolic suppression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inactivity and hypoxia resulted in a significant increase in the genus Bacteroides in HBR, in genes coding for proteins involved in iron acquisition and metabolism, cell wall, capsule, virulence, defense and mucin degradation, such as beta-galactosidase (EC3.2.1.23), α-L-fucosidase (EC3.2.1.51), Sialidase (EC3.2.1.18), and α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC3.2.1.50). (frontiersin.org)
  • They established the basis for our understanding of how oxygen levels affect cellular metabolism and physiological function. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Calorimetric-respirometric(CR) ratios of -353 (day 3) to -333 (day 7) kJ mol -1 O 2 are consistent with embryos that are aerobically recovering from hypoxia, but are inconsistent with an ongoing anaerobic contribution to metabolism. (biologists.com)
  • It remains unclear how these K+ channels are inhibited by a shortage of oxygen because there are yet to be any known direct binding sites for "a lack of oxygen", only whole cell and ion channel responses to hypoxia. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was recently hypothesized that elite breath-hold divers may display blunted ventilatory responses to hypoxia and/or hypercapnia (Ferretti et al. (unige.ch)
  • Two of these loci, EGLN1 and EPAS1, encode major components of the hypoxia-inducible factor transcriptional system, which has a central role in oxygen sensing and coordinating an organism's response to hypoxia, as evidenced by studies in humans and mice. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The Tibetan paradigm provides further insight on the role of the hypoxia-inducible factor system in humans in relation to oxygen homeostasis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was conducted by using the avidin-biotin complex technique for detecting the antibodies to hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) alpha, cytokeratin 20 (CK20), and cell proliferation factor Ki67. (hindawi.com)
  • HIF-1 (hypoxia inducible factor-1), a kind of hydrocarbon nuclear translators, plays an important role in oxygen homeostasis [ 7 ] and consists of two subunits, HIF-1 alpha and HIF-1 beta. (hindawi.com)
  • The other novel missense variant mapped to the EPAS1 gene encoding the hypoxia inducible factor 2α. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Purpose: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) promotes cancer cell survival and tumor progression. (lincoln.ac.uk)
  • A key concept in understanding high altitude training is the role of the 'hypoxia-inducible factor-1' (HIF-1), a protein that modulates the body's response to reduced oxygen conditions. (saveskylab.org)
  • Integration of studies at the genomic level with functional molecular studies and studies in systems physiology has the potential to provide further understanding of human evolution in response to high-altitude hypoxia. (ox.ac.uk)
  • By training at sea level, you are able to train at the same intensity (speed, weight lifted) as normal, but you still get the physiological benefits associated with living at altitude. (momentum-pt.com.au)
  • While altitude training may exhibit physiological responses that can be beneficial to performance, it's important to understand how to apply these training methods in the real world to get the best results. (momentum-pt.com.au)
  • The indigenous people of the Tibetan Plateau have been the subject of much recent interest because of their unique genetic adaptations to high altitude. (providence.org)
  • Recent studies have demonstrated that the Tibetan EPAS1 haplotype is involved in high altitude-adaptation and originated in an archaic Denisovan-related population. (providence.org)
  • High altitude acclimatisation represents a crucial physiological adaptation that grants the human body the capacity to withstand the harsh conditions present at towering elevations. (saveskylab.org)
  • These physiological impacts are numerous and vary significantly depending on an individual's genetic makeup, fitness level, and extent of exposure to the high-altitude environment. (saveskylab.org)
  • The science of high altitude training reveals fascinating insights into the physiological and biological adaptations that the human body undergoes. (saveskylab.org)
  • A fish's hypoxia tolerance can be represented in different ways. (wikipedia.org)
  • But while Pcrit is often used to represent hypoxia tolerance, it more accurately represents the ability to take up environmental O2 at hypoxic PO2s and does not incorporate the significant contributions of anaerobic glycolysis and metabolic suppression to hypoxia tolerance (see below). (wikipedia.org)
  • It therefore remains a widely used hypoxia tolerance metric. (wikipedia.org)
  • A fish's hypoxia tolerance can also be represented as the amount of time it can spend at a particular hypoxic PO2 before it loses dorsal-ventral equilibrium (called time-to-LOE), or the PO2 at which it loses equilibrium when PO2 is decreased from normoxia to anoxia at some set rate (called PO2-of-LOE). (wikipedia.org)
  • Identification of physiological indicators for establishing screening techniques related to tolerance of excess water in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. (cropscience.org.au)
  • These physiological and morphological changes by waterlogging stress can be promising indicators for screening soybeans for tolerance of excess water. (cropscience.org.au)
  • Our objective was to identify physiological parameters for establishing a screening system for waterlogging tolerance in soybean. (cropscience.org.au)
  • 0000010633 00000 n 0000016753 00000 n We investigated the physiological plasticity of six S. viridis natural accessions that originated from different regions … The emerging model Setaria viridis with its C4 photosynthesis and adaptation to hot and dry locations is a promising system to investigate water use and abiotic stress tolerance. (poliglota.net)
  • An interesting finding was the possibility of positive cross-adaptation which might be supported by greater heat tolerance and cutaneous warm perception thresholds of older haenyeos who adapted to cold water. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further studies on cross-adaptation between chronic cold stress and heat tolerance are needed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 40 trained subjects completed 8 cycling repeated sprint sessions in hypoxia (RSH, 3000 m) or normoxia (RSN, 485 m). (nih.gov)
  • The human renal cell carcinoma cell line A498 under hypoxia/normoxia was used as an experimental model in vitro and the biological characteristics and mitochondrial function of the cells were assessed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The PlanHab wash-out period corresponded to a profound life-style change (i.e., reintroduction of exercise) that resulted in stepwise amelioration of the negative physiological symptoms, indicating that exercise apparently prevented the crosstalk between the microbial physiology, mucin degradation and proinflammatory immune activities in the host. (frontiersin.org)
  • Michael A Singer: Comparative Physiology, Natural Animal Models and Clinical Medicine - Insight into Clinical Medicine from Animal Adaptations. (pmf.hr)
  • Hypoxia induced adjustments included physiological pathways regulating the strain response angiogenesis cell and migration routine regulation. (biotechnologyconsultinggroup.com)
  • Does feeding limit cardiovascular modulation in the Dungeness crab Cancer magister during hypoxia? (silverchair.com)
  • This reduction in output at the same intensity may compromise the ability to achieve optimal muscular and cardiovascular adaptations, as well as limiting the body's exposure to the speeds and intensities that it would otherwise be able to achieve, thereby questioning the efficacy of hypoxic training. (momentum-pt.com.au)
  • Although hypoxia is often a pathological condition, variations in arterial oxygen concentrations can be part of the normal physiological responses, for example, during hypoventilation training or strenuous physical exercise. (intechopen.com)
  • Its homeostasis is vital to the normal physiological function of cells. (medscape.com)
  • If trade-offs exist between somatic growth and reproduction for this species, a reduction in the physiological condition of swamp fish should be accompanied by reduced development of reproductive tissue (gonad mass), as found in other fish (Wu et al. (researchgate.net)
  • 2022). Key discoveries include genetic evidence that this small forest mammal has survived in high-latitude "northern" glacial refugia near the Carpathians, in areas previously considered uninhabitable for forest species, or haemoglobin genes that confer resistance to oxidative stress, which is important for adaptation to climate change. (cas.cz)
  • 0000084128 00000 n PERSPECTIVE Evolutionary and physiological adaptations of aquatic invasive animals: r selection versus resistance1 Robert F. McMahon Abstract: Invasive species have been characterized as tolerant of environmental extremes. (poliglota.net)
  • Overall, there is a great deal of diversity among gopher species, with each having unique adaptations and ecological roles within their respective environments. (wiki--travel.com)
  • Our findings show larger improvement in repeated sprint performance in RSH than in RSN with significant molecular adaptations and larger blood perfusion variations in active muscles. (nih.gov)
  • Despite the positive molecular adaptations observed after various IHT modalities, the characteristics of optimal training stimulus in hypoxia are still unclear and their functional translation in terms of whole-body performance enhancement is minimal. (bmj.com)
  • Building on our work on haemoglobin, this line of research aims to unravel genes and regulatory networks involved in adaptation of resistance to oxidative stress. (cas.cz)
  • Hypoxia triggers oxidative stress and damage to proteins, lipids and DNA. (longdom.org)
  • Taken together these biochemical data indicate the metabolic poise of A. socius is only partly explained by hypoxia in early development, and that the atypical set points are also intrinsic features of this ontogenetic period in the life cycle. (biologists.com)
  • By adding the stress of hypoxia during 'aerobic' or 'anaerobic' interval training, it is believed that IHT would potentiate greater performance improvements compared to similar training at sea level. (bmj.com)
  • It can mean the adjustment of living matter to environmental conditions and to other living things either in an organism's lifetime (physiological adaptation) or in a population over many many generations (evolutionary adaptation). (poliglota.net)
  • however, all of these structures are situated to detect aortic or internal hypoxia since mammals rarely run into environmental hypoxia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Background: The Weddell Seal (Leptonychotes weddelli) represents a remarkable example of adaptation to diving among marine mammals. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Organisms subjected to physiological stress, such as stresses that cause proteins to denature, will respond by producing heat shock proteins (hsps). (uri.edu)
  • These adaptations have been linked to increased abundance of key proteins, suggesting an important, yet still understudied role for gene reprogramming. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Tibetan highlanders are adapted to life and reproduction in a hypoxic environment and possess a suite of distinctive physiological traits. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It was known that cold-adaptive traits of haenyeos disappeared, but we confirmed that cold-adaptive traits are still retained on the face and hands which could be interpreted by a mode switch to local adaptation from the overall adaptation to cold. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To confirm tumor hypoxia, partial oxygen pressure (pO 2 ) is an important factor of physiological state, and it indicates the balance between oxygen delivery and consumption [ 21 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • release of hormones, hypoxia and cell swelling , will take place during the BFR training with low intensity exercise as would occur with high intensity exercise. (tidalsportsrehab.com)
  • Examples of physiological adaptation to extreme environments are afforded by the fly Psilopa petrolei which inhabits puddles of crude petroleum, feeding on the dead insects found there, and by the beetle Niptus hololeucus, which can live on cayenne pepper and thrive on sal ammoniac. (poliglota.net)
  • Identification of the neuromorphology that supports the physiological adaptations underlying the response of organisms to environmental factors including injurious exposures (specifically hypoxia) has been one of the major research challenges in biomedicine. (intechopen.com)
  • Low oxygen concentrations and high temperatures affect physiological performance and, consequently, vertical distribution and ecology of marine organisms. (uri.edu)
  • It has been thought that the stress placed on the muscles by training in a low oxygenated environment, will help to induce more adaptations so the body can cope with the new environment. (momentum-pt.com.au)
  • Hypoxia was found to induce A498 cell invasion, migration, and the release of inflammatory cytokines, while repressing human solute carrier family 14 member 1 gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The panels above (A‐D) are representations of the general requirements needed for recognizing phenotypic plasticity as an adaptation. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
  • While there is merit to the physiological responses it triggers, some recent studies cast doubt on its overall effectiveness. (momentum-pt.com.au)
  • The body's response to exercise is complex and requires many short- and long-term adaptations. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • Here we briefly describe each of these key steps and describe some of the short- and long-term adaptations the body's organ systems make during activity. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • Understanding the adaptations of pelagic amphipods to their current environment will help predict the physiological impacts of global warming for amphipods and their predators. (uri.edu)
  • A series of experiments were carried out under greenhouse conditions to identify physiological indicators for increasing the efficiency in breeding soybean cultivars that tolerate excess water. (cropscience.org.au)
  • This causes a localized hypoxic environment, leading to faster muscle fatigue which results in a multitude of beneficial physiological adaptations. (tidalsportsrehab.com)
  • To examine whether concurrent heat and intermittent hypoxic training can improve endurance performance and physiological responses relative to independent heat or temperate interval training. (humankinetics.com)
  • In this way, it is possible to predict the extent to which the adaptation of individual populations will be disrupted and to assess the extent to which the adaptive variation needed to reverse the maladaptation will be available. (cas.cz)
  • Therefore, while acclimatisation can eventually enhance athletic performance, the initial challenges pose significant hurdles that require careful management and gradual adaptation. (saveskylab.org)
  • In addition to the carotid body-controlled rapid adaptation to low oxygen levels ( hypoxia ), there are other fundamental physiological adaptations. (sciencedaily.com)
  • However, for most of the 20th century, it was not clear how adaptations to oxygen flux were regulated at the fundamental level of gene expression. (nobelprize.org)
  • One aspect of our work focuses on identifying genes and biological processes underlying physiological adaptation to different environmental conditions in bank vole populations that have occupied new habitats as a consequence of end-glacial climate change. (cas.cz)
  • Therefore, hypoxia survival requires a coordinated response to secure more oxygen from the depleted environment and counteract the metabolic consequences of decreased ATP production at the mitochondria. (wikipedia.org)
  • A key physiological response to hypoxia is the rise in levels of the hormone erythropoietin (EPO), which leads to increased production of red blood cells (erythropoiesis). (sciencedaily.com)
  • By using gene-modified mice, specific DNA segments located next to the EPO gene were shown to mediate the response to hypoxia. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Likewise,ventilation rate also showed effects of addivity, increasing in response to both food intake and hypoxia. (silverchair.com)
  • It is concluded that the divers, compared to C, had a blunted ventilatory response to hypercapnia, but not to hypoxia. (unige.ch)
  • This improvement in stamina is linked to an important physiological response, as the body adapts to the lower oxygen levels at higher altitudes, leading to an increased lung capacity. (saveskylab.org)
  • Critical speed (CS) and supra-CS distance capacity (D′) are useful metrics for monitoring changes in swimmers' physiological and performance capacities. (humankinetics.com)
  • 0000009873 00000 n 0000071388 00000 n 0000078712 00000 n 0000003088 00000 n %PDF-1.4 %âãÏÓ This study aim to investigate fundamentally the growth and physiological responses of tomato plants in responses to two different levels of water deficit, a weak drought stress (-25 kPa) and a severe drought stress (-100 kPa) in soil. (poliglota.net)
  • Sometimes body overcome the stress caused by hypoxia through unique process of self recovery and adaptation. (longdom.org)
  • Well-trained male cyclists (N = 29) completed 3 weeks of moderate- to high-intensity interval training (4 × 60 min·wk −1 ) in 1 of 3 conditions: (1) heat (HOT: 32°C, 50% relative humidity, 20.8% fraction of inspired oxygen, (2) heat + hypoxia (H+H: 32°C, 50% relative humidity, 16.2% fraction of inspired oxygen), or (3) temperate environment (CONT: 22°C, 50% relative humidity, 20.8% fraction of inspired oxygen). (humankinetics.com)
  • Total ATP production (metabolic rate) was compared in specimens subjected to night time surface conditions (oxygenated) and day time conditions (hypoxia). (uri.edu)
  • The proliferative cell marker Ki67 is induced under hypoxia conditions in which Ki67 has been found to be highly expressed [ 17 , 29 , 30 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • When HCWs are working longer hours without a break while continuously wearing an N95 FFR, blood CO 2 levels may increase past the 1-hour mark, which could have a significant physiological effect on the wearer (Lim et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Fish respond to hypoxia with varied behavioral, physiological, and cellular responses to maintain homeostasis and organism function in an oxygen-depleted environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Second, to critically analyse the results of the studies involving high-intensity exercises performed in hypoxia for sea-level performance enhancement by differentiating IHT and RSH. (bmj.com)
  • Preliminary results suggest a role for genes previously implied in adaptation to hypoxia at high altitudes. (cas.cz)
  • Since hypoxia may specifically disrupt the conversion of testosterone to estradiol through aromatase activity, resulting in higher testosterone levels and higher testosterone/estradiol ratio (Shang 2006;Landry et al. (researchgate.net)