Phylogenetic and evolutionary. Medical search. Frequent questions

Analyses from more recent studies have indicated that the Stx-encoding phage is an unstable evolutionary marker, with frequent acquisition and loss occurring in STEC O55:H7 and all 3 lineages of STEC O157 throughout their evolutionary history ( 7 , 8 ). (cdc.gov)
Phylogenetic analyses were conducted utilizing 59 P. cubensis isolates from 6 countries and 31 P. humuli isolates from 7 countries by Bayesian Inference, Maximum Likelihood and Minimum Evolution methods based on two nuclear (internal transcribed spacer and ypt1) and one mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase II) loci. (uoregon.edu)
However, the ancestry of the P. cubensis - P. humuli complex cannot be resolved from the phylogenetic analyses employed in this study. (uoregon.edu)
With focus on invertebrate evolution, ontogenetic analyses of marine larvae and evolutionary questions related to the origin of organ systems and cell types, he is culturing and investigating several marine invertebrate species - a vast majority of them Annelida. (uni-goettingen.de)
The results of the phylogenetic analyses provided some intriguing insights into the evolutionary history of M. polymorpha. (sciencedaily.com)
This module will build on the statistical analyses encountered to quantify selection, quantitative genetic and genomic variation, providing a 'toolbox' that can be used to address a wide range of evolutionary questions. (lu.se)
This is indeed a problem about a basic question in evolutionary analyses, that is, the statement of homology. (bvsalud.org)
Phylogenetic analyses of the D8 isolates showed the existence of 13 lineages or clusters. (who.int)
Execution Analyses to identify evolutionary first principles that make cancer cells grow, spread, and survive microenvironmental challenges. (lu.se)

How to read phylogenetic trees and determine which species are most related. (khanacademy.org)
The pattern of branching in a phylogenetic tree reflects how species or other groups evolved from a series of common ancestors. (khanacademy.org)
Are phylogenetic trees only for species? (khanacademy.org)
In a phylogenetic tree, the species or groups of interest are found at the tips of lines referred to as the tree's branches . (khanacademy.org)
Crown node: Most recent common ancestor of the sampled species of the clade of interest Stem node: Most recent common ancestor of the clade of interest and its sister clade In the PhyloCode, only a clade can receive a "phylogenetic definition", and this restriction is observed in the present article. (wikipedia.org)
However, it is also possible to create definitions for the names of other groups that are phylogenetic in the sense that they use only ancestral relations anchored on species or specimens. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we investigate whether species traits and their underlying phylogenetic constraints explain altitudinal shifts at the trailing and leading edges of stream fish species ranges. (nature.com)
Therefore, while climate change brings many difficulties in establishing a general understanding of species vulnerability, these findings emphasize how combining trait-based approaches in light of the species evolutionary history may offer new opportunities in facing conservation challenges. (nature.com)
Throughout their evolutionary (that is, phylogenetic) history, species have been continuously exposed to climate fluctuations. (nature.com)
Here, we show that across 12 plant species in two phylogenetic lineages of the Brassicaceae, variation in realized herbivore communities reveals a phylogenetic signal in the uncertainty of attack on individual plants. (biorxiv.org)
However, these macro-evolutionary patterns are generally described for the full potential pool of antagonist species interacting with a plant species, whereas natural selection by these antagonists acts on the level of plant individuals. (biorxiv.org)
The resulting phylogenies support the conjecture that the downy mildew species responsible for the recent epidemic on cucurbits form phylogenetic clusters that are separated from the pre-epidemic cucurbit pathogen. (uoregon.edu)
Despite a wealth of phylogenetic work on individual clades and a deep knowledge of particular cultivated species such as tomato and potato, a robust evolutionary framework with a dated molecular phylogeny for the family is still lacking. (biomedcentral.com)
What is lacking, however, is a robust phylogenetic framework that encompasses species and generic diversity across the family in order to maximise the potential of these new data sources in a wider evolutionary context. (biomedcentral.com)
Incorporating the evolutionary history of species into community ecology enhances understanding of community composition, ecosystem functioning and responses to environmental changes. (edu.au)
However, related native parasitoid species tended to feed on related herbivore species, suggesting the presence of a co-evolutionary signal at higher trophic levels. (edu.au)
Indeed, preliminary phylogenetic results indicate that the new species belongs within the Strophalosiidina, though it is not yet clear to which strophalosiidine the new species is most closely related. (confex.com)
We will increase the taxon sampling density of included strophalosiidines, add Triassic spire-bearing species and thecideide species to better document and increase confidence in character evolution within these taxa and improve phylogenetic resolution. (confex.com)
3) The partial Leymus species had a close phylogenetic relationship with Hordeum chilense , Australopyrum retrofractum , Lophyrum elongatum . (degruyter.com)
Phylogenetic relationships between Leymus and related diploid Triticeae species revealed by ISSR markers. (degruyter.com)
Deep phylogenetic divergence and lack of taxonomic concordance in species of Astronotus (Cichlidae). (wikipedia.org)
I am primarily a 'macro-evolutionary anthropologist', placing broad questions on the evolution of our species' extraordinary cognitive and cultural abilities in the wider context of vertebrate evolution. (dur.ac.uk)
I typically investigate such questions using phylogenetic comparative statistical methods, which model how characteristics of species or populations have evolved across large temporal and spatial scales. (dur.ac.uk)
Now, researchers have found the missing pieces of evolutionary history of two-pore channels in a species of liverwort. (sciencedaily.com)
Phylogenetic comparative methods commonly assume that the evolutionary relationships between the studied species are known. (lu.se)
A general introduction that includes history of science, evolutionary processes, and species concepts from a plant perspective. (lu.se)
To achieve our aim, we use methods from species evolution (phylogenetics) to reconstruct the evolutionary history of individual tumours, from its founder cell up to clinical presentation, over treatment periods and at relapse. (lu.se)

Most modern systems of classification are based on evolutionary relationships among organisms - that is, on the organisms' phylogeny . (khanacademy.org)
A core-genome phylogeny of the evolutionary history of the STEC O55:H7 outbreak strain revealed that the most parsimonious model was a progenitor enteropathogenic O55:H7 sorbitol-fermenting strain, lysogenized by a Shiga toxin (Stx) 2a-encoding phage, followed by loss of the ability to ferment sorbitol because of a non-sense mutation in srlA . (cdc.gov)
Tree of life diagrams are graphic representations of phylogeny-the evolutionary history and relationships of lineages-and as such these graphics have the potential to convey key evolutionary ideas and principles to a variety of audiences. (springer.com)
The idea of a "tree of life" represents a core concept of evolutionary science-phylogeny-and is depicted graphically using an almost bewildering array of formats and terminology, in which even a particular geometry used can have multiple names associated with it. (springer.com)

Phylogenetic trees are hypotheses, not definitive facts. (khanacademy.org)
This tool has great value for comparative biologists since they are often unable to gather experimental data on macro-evolutionary hypotheses, but is cumbersome and error-prone to perform. (biorxiv.org)
CHIELD: The causal hypotheses in evolutionary linguistics database. (mpg.de)
In this advanced course, you will learn how to reconstruct evolutionary history and test evolutionary hypotheses using a range of data and methods. (lu.se)
Alternative phylogenetic hypotheses are highlighted for groups with uncertain position. (lu.se)

These results indicate that geological events such as the Indo-Asian Collision, the TP uplift, and the aridification of the Asian interior underpinned the evolutionary history of the zoogeographical regions surrounding the TP over different time periods. (nature.com)

2. Compare genomes for evolutionary relationships. (usda.gov)
Genomes will be assembled and annotated prior to examining evolutionary relationships. (usda.gov)

Phylogenetic analysis based on marker genes (MLSA/MLST), and whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis will be used to infer genotypes and characterize evolutionary relationships between isolates. (usda.gov)
To do so, the researchers first performed a phylogenetic analysis of the TPC genes in the green plant lineage. (sciencedaily.com)
IKB contains information for human immunome genes and proteins, phylogenetic trees and evolutionary information for immunome orthologs, ortholog groups for metazoan immunome, and variation data on genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic level. (lu.se)

I use phylogenetic methods, spatiophylogenetic modelling, and causal inference to answer big-picture questions about large-scale typological patterns and language change. (mpg.de)
The course will cover the theory and practice of phylogenetic inference from molecular data and introduce some of the most used methods and computer programs. (lu.se)

Whole genome analysis provides the highest resolution of evolutionary relationships and will be used to characterize epidemiological patterns. (usda.gov)
Throughout his career, he has used repeated patterns in the history of life to refine ideas on how the evolutionary process actually works. (wikipedia.org)
Phylogenetic Patterns and the Evolutionary Process. (wikipedia.org)
My research focuses on the study of macroevolutionary patterns of taxononomic diversity, morphological disparity and biogeographic distribution in a phylogenetic framework. (uni-goettingen.de)
Analysing past and present evolutionary patterns and processes requires learning techniques from multiple fields including genomics, molecular and cell biology, development, and ecology. (lu.se)
The course is structured around four modules that teach how to apply methods to data to infer evolutionary patterns and processes. (lu.se)
How are sequence data used to unravel evolutionary patterns and processes? (lu.se)
What can contemporary patterns of organismal diversity tell us about past evolutionary processes? (lu.se)

Phylogenetic nomenclature is a method of nomenclature for taxa in biology that uses phylogenetic definitions for taxon names as explained below. (wikipedia.org)
Evolutionary trees of life are branching diagrams that depict hypothesized relationships-the historical pattern of divergence and descent between taxa-as a series of branches that merge at internal branches representing common ancestry, which in turn are connected with more distant relatives. (springer.com)

Divergence times are of major interest for studies of evolutionary biology and historical biogeography, but also to researchers who focus on understanding various types of trait evolution, such as the development of chemical and genetic pathways, climatic niche and geographic range sizes, and morphological, ecological and behavioural characters. (biomedcentral.com)
It provides the conceptual training required to reconstruct evolutionary histories of populations and lineages, document selection, and identify the genetic basis of phenotypic divergence. (lu.se)

Evolutionary relationships were examined among the four genera and comparisons were made with native Eurasian populations of D. polymorpha and D. bugensis. (unboundmedicine.com)
A phylogenetic tree is a diagram that represents evolutionary relationships among organisms. (khanacademy.org)
In this article, we'll take a look at phylogenetic trees , diagrams that represent evolutionary relationships among organisms. (khanacademy.org)
How people interpret and understand evolutionary trees is a complex interaction between their prior knowledge and understanding of underlying evolutionary ideas such as similarity, ancestry, and relatedness, and their ability to read the relationships depicted in a schematic tree diagram. (springer.com)
Phylogenetic analysis will also be used to assess evolutionary relationships between isolates from agricultural and native systems. (usda.gov)
Discovery in the Middle Triassic of Croatia of a silicified, diminutive (1-2mm), concavo-convex brachiopod possessing a complex brachidium and hollow spines capable of cementing prompts the re-evaluation of the stratigraphic range of the order Productida, and the phylogenetic relationships of this new-found taxon. (confex.com)
Phylogenetic relationships in Leymus (Poaceae: Triticeae) revealed by nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast trnL-F sequences. (degruyter.com)
Phylogenetic relationships between Hystrix and its closely related genera (Poaceae: Triticeae) based on nuclear Acc1, DMC1 and chloroplast trnL-F sequences. (degruyter.com)

Phylogenetic nomenclature ties names to clades, groups consisting of an ancestor and all its descendants. (wikipedia.org)

infer from a phylogenetic tree, as well as what it means for organisms to be more or less related in the context of these trees. (khanacademy.org)
It will cover the basics of quantitative genetics, and provide practical and theoretical understanding of how statistical tools applied to phenotypic data are used to infer and predict evolutionary change. (lu.se)
This module will focus on how comparative methods make it possible to infer the sequence of evolutionary events and test predictions from evolutionary theory. (lu.se)

We argue that such methods should never be used to estimate evolutionary or allometric regression slopes. (datadryad.org)
Besides Wolbachia, he is working on annelid evolution and the development of phylogenetic methods. (uni-goettingen.de)
The latest schedule for the course Evolutionary Biology - Methods and Applications in the schedule software TimeEdit. (lu.se)

However, it remains unclear whether phylogenetic diversity of basal resources is reflected at higher trophic levels in the food web. (edu.au)
Here, we test whether phylogenetic diversity at different trophic levels (plants, herbivores and parasitoids) and signals of co-evolution (i.e. phylogenetic congruence) among interacting trophic levels change across an edge gradient between native and plantation forests. (edu.au)
We found differences across trophic levels in how their phylogenetic diversity responded to the habitat edge gradient. (edu.au)
Plant and native parasitoid phylogenetic diversity changed markedly across habitats, while phylogenetic variability of herbivores (which were predominantly native) did not change across habitats, though phylogenetic evenness declined in plantation interiors. (edu.au)
Overall, changes in land use across native to plantation forest edges differentially affected phylogenetic diversity across trophic levels, and may also exert a strong selective pressure for particular co-evolved herbivore-parasitoid interactions. (edu.au)
The evolutionary side of biodiversity change: how is local phylogenetic diversity changing globally? (sfu.ca)
Emphasis is placed on the use of phylogenetic trees to study adaptive evolution, and what explains differences in diversity across the tree of life. (lu.se)

To account for potential influences of evolutionary relatedness, we. (lu.se)
They occupy different phylogenetic nodes in the tree of life and represent different evolutionary paths and relatedness to one another. (lu.se)

Phylogenetic trees can be drawn in various equivalent styles. (khanacademy.org)
Evolutionary sequences and phylogenetic trees can be read, viewed, modified and simulated. (haskell.org)
Simulate multi sequence alignments along phylogenetic trees. (haskell.org)
Analyze, modify, and simulate phylogenetic trees. (haskell.org)

Les Ecol' presents lunch time seminar talks of general ecological and evolutionary interest, Thursdays 12:30-13:30 in B9242. (sfu.ca)
He has published more than 160 scientific articles, books, and reviews, including Reinventing Darwin , an examination of current controversies in evolutionary biology , and Dominion , a consideration of the ecological and evolutionary past, present, and future of Homo sapiens . (wikipedia.org)

It has been suggested that cucurbit downy mildew has arisen from hop downy mildew via a host jump from Japanese hop, Humulus japonicus, due to P. humuli on H. japonicus from Korea being placed basal to the P. humuli - P. cubensis phylogenetic complex. (uoregon.edu)

Phylogenetic analysis of Leymus (Poaceae: Triticeae) inferred from nuclear rDNA ITS sequences. (degruyter.com)
Handle evolutionary sequences and multi sequence alignments. (haskell.org)
Analyze, modify, and simulate evolutionary sequences. (haskell.org)
Phylogenetic position of Tarsius bancanus based on partial cytochrome b DNA sequences. (scialert.net)
The PhD student would use music as a model system to investigate the cultural evolution of complex behavioural sequences, using experimental and/or phylogenetic statistical approaches. (dur.ac.uk)

Such changes, although sometimes disruptive in the short term, have helped to both stabilise names and provide a better evolutionary context for future studies. (biomedcentral.com)
This module will demonstrate how theoretical and methodological insights from evolutionary biology can be put to use in a broader context. (lu.se)

Community composition varied among chicha samples, even those separated by short geographic distances, suggesting that ecological and/or evolutionary processes, including human-mediated factors, may be responsible for creating locally distinct ferments. (who.int)

to generate a phylogenetic framework. (usda.gov)

package that implements phylogenetic path analysis (PPA) as described by Von Hardenberg & Gonzalez-Voyer (2013) . (biorxiv.org)
1979. Phylogenetic Analysis and Palaeontology . (wikipedia.org)
According to a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis including nearly 80% of documented lampyrid genera, Oculogryphus is the putative sister group to Stenocladius s. str. (ku.edu)

Significantly greater phylogenetic similarity was observed among chicha samples taken within a village than those from different villages. (who.int)

Tree diagrams, as a graphical representation of this principle, have the potential to play a valuable role in conveying evolutionary ideas. (springer.com)

The team's findings provide much-needed functional and evolutionary insights into the important-yet-elusive TPC family in plants, and on plant ion channels in general. (sciencedaily.com)
With their eye on future research, they also aim to use insights from the evolutionary history of plants for improving plant growth and defence mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses. (sciencedaily.com)
Evolutionary and phylogenetic insights from a nuclear genome sequence of the extinct, giant, "subfossil" koala lemur Megaladapis edwardsi . (bvsalud.org)

The knowledge and understanding of evolutionary genomics acquired will be implemented by working on an independent project, assisted by teachers and supporting video tutorials. (lu.se)

His most recent venture is the development of an alternative account to the gene-based notions of evolutionary psychology to explain human behavior. (wikipedia.org)

The parallel, convergent evolutionary histories of STEC O157:H7 and STEC O55:H7 may indicate a common driver in the evolutionary process. (cdc.gov)

Usually there are residual deviations from the estimated model relationship, and such deviations commonly show a pattern of phylogenetic correlations indicating that they have biological causes. (datadryad.org)

We demonstrate that these shifts are related to dissimilar mechanisms: whereas range retractions show some support for phylogenetic clustering due to a high level of conservatism in thermal safety margins, range expansions are underpinned by both evolutionarily conserved and labile traits, notably trophic position and life-history strategy, hence decreasing the strength of phylogenetic signal. (nature.com)
Conservatism of range shifts at the leading and trailing edges of distribution can be expected to be driven by the degree of phylogenetic clustering of traits involved in responding to climate change 5 . (nature.com)

In fact, a recent study found that even a single visit to an evolution exhibit can influence children's thinking about evolutionary concepts (Diamond et al. (springer.com)

2017-present: Assistant Professor in evolutionary approaches to cognition and culture, Durham University. (dur.ac.uk)

Application of the phylogenetic system of angiosperms (APG). (lu.se)

In particular, phylogenetic determinants of community structure have never been incorporated into habitat edge studies, even though edges are recognized as key factors affecting communities in fragmented landscapes. (edu.au)
He led studies unravelling and dating the evolutionary history of Wolbachia supergroups . (uni-goettingen.de)

2008-2010: MSc in Evolutionary Psychology, University of Liverpool. (dur.ac.uk)

Evolutionary models predict the stepwise acquisition of a Shiga toxin (Stx)-encoding bacteriophage in the EPEC O55:H7 progenitor strain, followed by the substitution of the rfb locus encoding the somatic O55 antigen with that encoding the O157 antigen, the acquisition of the pO157 plasmid, loss of the ability to ferment sorbitol, and loss of the ability to produce β-glucuronidase ( 3 - 6 ). (cdc.gov)

Overall transition to transversion ratio was 0.76:1.00 and both accumulated linearly in stem and loop regions, suggesting appropriate phylogenetic signal. (unboundmedicine.com)

Phylogenetic exploration of language complexity in Austronesian, Bantu and Indoeuropean language families. (mpg.de)

Punctuated equilibrium is a refinement to evolutionary theory. (wikipedia.org)

Analyses9

Species27

Phylogeny4

Hypotheses5

Underpinned the evolutionary history1

Genomes2

Genes3

Inference2

Patterns8

Taxa2

Divergence2

Relationships8

Clades1

Infer3

Methods3

Diversity7

Relatedness2

Trees4

Ecological and evolutionary2

Basal1

Sequences5

Context2

Processes1

Framework1

Analysis3

Similarity1

Diagrams1

Insights3

Genomics1

Human behavior1

Histories1

Relationship1

Traits2

Evolution1

Approaches1

Angiosperms1

Studies2

Psychology1

Predict1

Signal1

Complexity1

Theory1