Phylogenetic and ecological host specificity. Medical search. Frequent questions

Kretzer A., Li Y., Szaro T.M., Bruns T.D., Internal transcribed spacer sequences from 38 recognized species of Suillus sensu lato: Phylogenetic and taxonomic implications, Mycologia 88 (1996) 776-785. (afs-journal.org)
The flowering plant group Sileneae (Caryophyllaceae) serve as model group for a taxonomic project which integrates taxonomic, phylogenetic, and molecular information. (cetaf.org)

Soe, K.M., Htwe, A.Z., Moe, K., Abiko, T. and Yamakawa, T. (2020) Phylogenetic Diversity and Evaluation the Effectiveness of Indigenous Bradyrhizobium Strains for Myanmar Black Gram ( Vigna mungo L. Hepper) Cultivars. (scirp.org)
Parasitism, as well as other symbiotic interactions, is recognized as a key driver of evolutionary novelty and ecological diversity throughout the tree of life. (blascocosta.ch)
Here, we suggest that these pollinator host-switches and fig hybridization events are a dominant feature of fig/wasp coevolutionary history, and by generating novel genomic combinations in the figs have likely contributed to the remarkable diversity exhibited by this mutualism. (nature.com)
Objectives - Characterizing carob genetic diversity at the Mediterranean scale by revealing evolutionary significant units - Characterizing carob-symbiotic microbiome - Deciphering ecological networks in carob-based (agro)ecosystems to identify the drivers of alpha and beta symbiotic microbiome diversity. (anr.fr)
Ama - 1 of avian malaria parasites exhibits high levels of genetic diversity and evolves under positive diversifying selection, ostensibly due to protective host immune responses. (biomedcentral.com)
Host-parasite co-evolutionary relationships are thought to maintain genetic diversity in both host and parasite populations [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This increase in the body of data on virophage not only revealed the diversity of the virophage group, but also the relevant ecological impact of these small viruses and their potential role in the dynamics of the microbial network. (mdpi.com)
FAB1 is specifically designed to unravel the ecological consequences of three forms of biological diversity: species richness (SR), functional variability (FV), and phylogenetic variability (PV). (umn.edu)
FV and PV are metrics of functional and phylogenetic diversity that are independent of species richness. (umn.edu)
The phylogenetic diversity of a population of 84 Beauveria strains -mainly B. bassiana (n = 76) - isolated from temperate, sub-tropical and tropical habitats was examined by analyzing the nucleotide sequences of two mt intergenic regions ( atp 6- rns and nad 3- atp 9) and the nuclear ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 domain. (biomedcentral.com)

Our lab is working on disentangling the contribution of evolutionary relationships between hosts and parasites, and role of parasite and host ecological traits to the congruence of Host-Parasite phylogeographic patterns. (blascocosta.ch)
The emerging Stockholm Paradigm resolves this paradox: Ecological Fitting (EF)-phenotypic flexibility and phylogenetic conservatism in traits related to resource use, most notably host preference-provides many opportunities for rapid host switching in changing environments, without the evolution of novel host-utilization capabilities. (tooday.ru)
Due to shared ancestry that influences trait expression, effect traits will cause a phylogenetic signal in some ecosystem functions. (umn.edu)
Host life-history traits from defence to growth are therefore determined not only by the abiotic environment and genotype but also by microbiota composition. (biomedcentral.com)
We tested the microbiome specificity and its influence on life-history traits of two colour genotypes of the wood tiger moth ( Arctia plantaginis ) that differ in several traits, including growth. (biomedcentral.com)
We show that reciprocal frass transplantation can reverse some genotype-specific life-history traits in a lepidopteran host. (biomedcentral.com)

Theory predicts that parasites can affect and thus drive their hosts' niche. (biomedcentral.com)
First, parasites can alter the behavior and/or morphology of the host, thereby driving its niche specialization [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
For example, for cases where parasites manipulate their hosts, infected and non-infected host individuals will show trophic divergence as they are likely to differ in spatial and/or resource use [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Secondly, by modulating a host's micro-ecological changes, parasites can lead to a host's niche restriction so that the latter cannot maximize their niche breadth [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A related example to this restriction applies to explain distribution of parasites with complex life histories (for example, a parasite with an intermediate and definitive host), and whose distribution is expected to be narrower than that of their hosts [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In this case, the requirement for multiple hosts renders parasites more susceptible to local extinction (e.g. if hosts in some areas are more resistant) compared to parasites that require only one host to complete their life-cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
The level of host specialization of parasites is a key issue in infectious disease research because patterns of cross-species transmission affect parasite dispersal and can facilitate epidemics. (cdc.gov)
however, this is not universally true, and several examples exist in which generalist parasites are structured into subpopulations that are host specialized ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
These parasites can pose a significant threat to birds and since birds play crucial ecological roles they serve as important models for disease dynamics. (biomedcentral.com)
AMA-1 and RON2 of P. gallinaceum are evolutionarily and structurally conserved, suggesting that these proteins may play essential roles for avian malaria parasites to invade host erythrocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
In general, most genes that encode antigens of Plasmodium parasites are highly polymorphic and encode proteins that are important targets for host protective antibody responses [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Climatological variation and ecological perturbation have been pervasive drivers of faunal assembly, structure and diversification for parasites and pathogens through recurrent events of geographical and host colonization at varying spatial and temporal scales of Earth history. (tooday.ru)
Parasites are resource specialists with restricted host ranges, yet shifts onto relatively unrelated hosts are common during phylogenetic diversification of parasite lineages and directly observable in real time. (tooday.ru)
Such host alternation is so common among parasites that many courses in parasitology are devoted largely to descriptions of parasitic life cycle and the sequences of host changes. (biomedcentral.com)
In particular, parasites displaying host alternation may show extreme specificity and adaptations for two very distantly related hosts with few features in common [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Generally higher levels of parasitism among female bats accords with theory, given their generally higher survivorship and enhanced probabilities of lateral and vertical transmission of host-specific parasites, but contrasts with patterns shown by many other parasitic arthropods. (cambridge.org)
Some of them are parasites (i.e., like viruses infecting bacteria) that need others (their hosts) to survive and make copies of themselves. (fortunalab.org)
By studying coevolutionary interactions between parasites and their hosts in silico , we complement in vitro and in vivo approaches on the current use of phages to treat antibiotic resistant bacteria (i.e., phage therapy). (fortunalab.org)

Here, we show that across 12 plant species in two phylogenetic lineages of the Brassicaceae, variation in realized herbivore communities reveals a phylogenetic signal in the uncertainty of attack on individual plants. (biorxiv.org)

My research interests include the impact of host ecology and evolution on patterns of host specificity, and the roles and mechanisms of parasite-modified behaviour in parasite transmission. (umanitoba.ca)
We aim to provide new insights into how the mechanisms shaping coevolutionary dynamics in species interactions may result in co-phylogenetic structure among Host-Parasite association and patterns of host specificity. (blascocosta.ch)

Heritability estimates and genome-wide affiliation analyses (GWAA) assist the position of host genomic variation in BRD susceptibility. (iowaodes.com)
Phylogenetic analyses indicate that fig wasp pollination evolved once, between 60-100 million years ago (Herre et al. (studyres.com)
We attempt to elucidate evolutionary processes, both at the macro and micro scale, through morphological and molecular phylogenetic reconstruction and phylogeographical analyses ( www.figweb.org ). (figweb.org)

I am an evolutionary ecologist that utilizes molecular techniques to address the ecology and evolution of host-parasite interactions. (umanitoba.ca)
Often, the evolutionary fate of host and parasite partners is intertwined at ecological and evolutionary levels but it is not yet clear how macroevolutionary processes originate extant associations. (blascocosta.ch)
Phylogenetic investigation and character reconstruction suggest that life cycle is evolutionary labile in the genus. (biomedcentral.com)
The transitions from monoecy on herbs towards heteroecy observed in this study go against a widely accepted evolutionary scenario: aphids in the genus Brachycaudus seem to be able to recapture their supposedly ancestral woody host. (biomedcentral.com)
Is host alternation evolutionarily labile or is it a rare evolutionary change in various phyla? (biomedcentral.com)
María José is a biologist that has joined us as a Master student to study the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms for the genetic assimilation of ancestral plasticity in silico (i.e., using a digital evolution computational platform). (fortunalab.org)

that is, either the endosymbiont or the host cannot survive without the other, such as the gutless marine worms of the genus Riftia, which obtain nutrition from their endosymbiotic bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
After testing the method on arthropods, fungi and bacteria to determine host specificity patterns, we sampled a 1300-km latitudinal gradient to study the arthropod communities at larger scale. (uef.fi)
Overall, fungus-associated arthropods - as well as bacteria and fungi - are dominated by generalists, with some taxa showing a response to host phylogeny. (uef.fi)
To test this hypothesis, the phylogenetic composition of faecal microbiomes was investigated by a 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence-based approach for Bacteria and Archaea . (springer.com)
The phylogenetic composition of the Bacteria faecal microbiomes of baleen and toothed whales showed no significant differences at the phylum level. (springer.com)
Parasitic organisms, whether bacteria, viruses, fungi, nematodes or phytophagous insects, sometimes make use of a sequence of different hosts during their life cycle. (biomedcentral.com)

Molecular characterizations of the microsporidian pathogen Enterocytozoon bieneusi on the ribosomal inside transcribed spacer (ITS) locus have recognized almost 500 genotypes in 11 phylogenetic teams with completely different host ranges. (iowaodes.com)
The most abundant species of the genus is Beauveria bassiana , found in a wide host range of nearly 750 insect species, with extended studies on host-pathogen interactions at the molecular level and all the prerequisite knowledge for its commercial production [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

We examined the degree of host specialization of different strains of Borrelia burgdorferi , the tickborne pathogen that causes Lyme borreliosis in the northeastern United States. (cdc.gov)
West Nile virus is a recent example illustrating that the utilization of many highly mobile host species can enable a pathogen to disperse across an entire continent within a few years ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
Borrelia burgdorferi , the spirochetal agent of Lyme borreliosis (LB) in the United States, is a tickborne zoonotic pathogen that infects an expansive range of vertebrate species, involving diverse mammalian and avian hosts ( 9 - 14 ). (cdc.gov)
If B. burgdorferi were host specialized, the strains of this microparasite would migrate differentially, resulting in geographic structuring of this pathogen. (cdc.gov)
Information on the level of host specialization of this multihost pathogen is required to understand the patterns and mechanisms of the current spread of LB. (cdc.gov)
This hypothesis is based on the postulate that shared ancestry results in similar decomposing root and leaf litter properties and similar fungal symbionts and soil pathogen communities as a consequence of host-specificity. (umn.edu)
The two most important species, B. bassiana and B. brongniartii , have already been used as biological control agents of pests in agriculture and as models for the study of insect host - pathogen interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
B. brongniartii , the second most common species of the genus, has narrow host specificity and is well-studied as the pathogen of the European cockchafer ( Melolontha melolontha ), a pest in permanent grasslands and orchards [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This study provides a resource for further studies of Wolbachia -pollinator-host plant interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
Dedić N., Vete n k L. & Vete n kov imkov A. (2023): Monogeneans in intergeneric hybrids of leuciscid fish: Is parasite infection driven by hybrid heterosis, genetic incompatibilities, or host-parasite coevolutionary interactions? (muni.cz)
We expand the existing mathematical ecological theory to allow for novel genetic variation over time and test it using digital evolution experiments to predict the future dominant cancer cell population as a function of the architecture of the competitive interactions among multiple coexisting clades. (fortunalab.org)

Given the pronounced strain structure of this bacterial species, natural selection possibly has driven B. burgdorferi towards host specialization, and different spirochete strains exploit different sets of vertebrate hosts ( 4 , 13 ). (cdc.gov)
Phylogenetic Differentiation of Rickettsia parkeri Reveals Broad Dispersal and Distinct Clustering within North American Strains. (cdc.gov)

Episodic shifts in climate and environmental settings, in conjunction with ecological mechanisms and host switching, are often critical determinants of parasite diversification, a view counter to more than a century of coevolutionary thinking about the nature of complex host-parasite assemblages. (tooday.ru)

We first assessed the genetic population structures of B. burgdorferi in ticks obtained from different mammalian host species and in questing ticks sampled in a woodland ecosystem in Connecticut. (cdc.gov)
DYNAMIC should give new insights on the ecological drivers governing host-symbiont specificity and efficiency and propose new avenues for efficient ecological engineering strategies applied to ecosystem restoration and ecological intensification of (agro)ecosystems. (anr.fr)
DYNAMIC will contribute to fill knowledge gaps in the ecology of carob symbiotic associations (basic research) to propose new avenues for the development of efficient ecological engineering strategies applied to ecosystem restoration and ecological intensification of agro-ecosystems (applied research). (anr.fr)
In a stable ecosystem, if one species escapes its ecological constraints and proliferates rapidly, the balance is destroyed, triggering extinctions of other species and possible ecosystem collapse. (fortunalab.org)

Moreover, mt intergenic region can provide valuable phylogenetic information to study the biogeography of the fungus. (biomedcentral.com)

From the phylogenetic perspective, more general questions, such as the evolution of dioecy and gynodioecy, colonization of isolated island groups and the Arctic, as well as comparative studies of the evolution of reproductive characters and systems can be studied. (cetaf.org)
In synergy, an environmental dynamic of Taxon Pulses establishes an episodic context for host and geographical colonization. (tooday.ru)
Do complex life cycles favour the colonization of new ecological niches and enhance cladogenesis? (biomedcentral.com)

Host shifts via EF fuel the expansion phase of the Oscillation Hypothesis of host range and speciation and, more generally, the generation of novel combinations of interacting species within the Geographic Mosaic Theory of Coevolution. (tooday.ru)

Pathogens and hosts are co-evolving with each other. (biomedcentral.com)
Phylogenetically distinct monocultures will diverge in specialist herbivores, pathogens and enemy community compositions due to host specificity. (umn.edu)

In my thesis, I aimed to explain the structure and guiding principles of these networks, the life histories of fungus-associated arthropods, and how these change with and along e.g. host, decay stage and phylogenetic and geographic distance. (uef.fi)

Gardes M., Bruns T., ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes: application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts, Mol. (afs-journal.org)
Serial dilutions were carried out on various lifecycle stages and species combinations to test the sensitivity and specificity of the primers. (imperial.ac.uk)

The host inhales "B. bronchiseptica" and colonizes on the muccous membranes lining the respiratory tract and produces factors that counteract the host's defense mechanisms. (kenyon.edu)
In addition to the host regulatory mechanisms response to disease, the microbiome can make changes to the expression of the host features such as their genes, proteins, and/or PTMs. (rsc.org)

These findings are most consistent with frequent host-switching by the pollinators, leading to fig hybridization, even between distantly related clades. (nature.com)

A common theme of symbiogenesis involves the reduction of the genome to only essential genes for the host and symbiont collective genome. (wikipedia.org)
The host now requires all three sub-groups of symbiont, each with degraded genomes lacking most essential genes for bacterial viability. (wikipedia.org)
By studying several, putatively unlinked genes in concert, we are able to detect reticulate phylogenetic patterns, for example ancient hybridizations at homoploid level or allopolyploidy. (cetaf.org)
Plasmodium erythrocyte invasion genes play a key role in malaria parasite transmission, host-specificity and immuno-evasion. (biomedcentral.com)
By combining several publicly-available databases on phages and their bacterial hosts, antibiotic resistance genes and genomic information, we explore the relationship between antibiotic resistance and phage infectivity profiles. (fortunalab.org)

Many taxa that do not shed the tail appear to conform to the above interpretation, but in some cases, such as the Platynota, Agamidae and Chamaeleonidae, lack of intravertebral autotomy may reflect the history of these groups rather than being a direct result of present ecological pressures. (podarcis.eu)

In this example, infected amphipod hosts make use of different food resources compared to non-infected amphipods leading to different infection-dependent trophic roles in freshwater ecosystems [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
It is conceivable that a conserved OR is tuned to signals that are relevant for both species, although their ecological roles are yet unknown. (frontiersin.org)

For instance, the gut microbiome can mediate genotype effects on the phenotype: In Drosophila , the host genotype influences the microbiome composition, leading to differences in nutrition between phenotypes [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In turn, host-to-microbe effects can play an important role in microbiome assembly in the host [ 23 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Features such as the transcriptome, methylome, proteome, histone post-translational modifications and the microbiome all influence the host response to various diseases and cancers. (rsc.org)

Fungal root and endophytic symbionts as well as specialist herbivores will show composition effects of host genotype within a species due to host specificity. (umn.edu)

Bordetella bronchiseptica" can infect a wide range of hosts causing different diseases and is most commonly found in canines, pigs, and laboratory animals [2]. (kenyon.edu)
Only hosts that can infect ticks affect spirochete migration. (cdc.gov)
The sympatric occurrence of these two species and their ability to infect the same Bulinus intermediate snail hosts necessitates precise methods of identification of the larval stages. (imperial.ac.uk)

In addition, host-driven selection presumably results in the high levels of genetic variation found in ama -1 of avian Plasmodium species. (biomedcentral.com)
Ongoing research into the genetic and ecological factors that drive the evolution of Lassa virus is necessary to reduce the impacts of Lassa fever. (bvsalud.org)

The obligate mutualism of figs and fig-pollinating wasps has been one of the classic models used for testing theories of co-evolution and cospeciation due to the high species-specificity of these relationships [ 29 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Wolbachia is a genus of maternally inherited endosymbionts that can affect reproduction of their hosts and influence metabolic processes. (biomedcentral.com)
The entomopathogenic fungi of the genus Beauveria are cosmopolitan with a variety of different insect hosts. (biomedcentral.com)

Specifically, FHA binds directly to the ciliary membrane host-receptor glycospingolipids, allowing "B. bronchiseptica" to attach to the host's cells. (kenyon.edu)
Microbes play a role in their host's fundamental ecological, chemical, and physiological processes. (biomedcentral.com)

In a phylogenetic analysis of coleopteran and lepidopteran arylsulfatases, the P. chrysocephala GSSs formed a cluster within a coleopteran-specific sulfatase clade distant from the previously identified GSSs of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella , suggesting an independent evolution of GSS activity in ermine moths and flea beetles. (nature.com)

We combine several gene phylogenies in order to infer phylogenetic relationships and species delimitations at the taxic ("species") level. (cetaf.org)

The fruiting of fungi was heavily affected by forest age, heat sum and dominant tree, with a considerable phylogenetic component. (uef.fi)

Wuchereria bancrofti and Mansonella perstans, thrive in their intermediate insect hosts because of an obligate endosymbiosis with Wolbachia spp. (wikipedia.org)
Eliuk LK, Brown S, Wyeth RC, Detwiler JT (2020) Parasite-modified behaviour in non-trophic transmission: Trematode parasitism increases the attraction between snail intermediate hosts. (umanitoba.ca)

Wolbachia can also exert an influence on numerous processes in the host, including immune, behavioral, and metabolic processes [ 21 ], which may be related to their occupation of host cells and reproductive tissues [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In most cases the alternate sets of hosts are not taxonomically related and have no obvious ecological similarities [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
There is greater awareness of the risk posed by colonisation of non-target plants in the receiving range, the possibility of control agents displaying taxonomically 'disjunct' host ranges ( Kay and Hill in press ), and unacceptable temporary damage caused by 'spill over' feeding (increased awareness of the indirect risks posed by control agents are discussed below). (b3.net.nz)

To this he added a set of 'safeguard' criteria for assessing risk to plants that would not be selected on phylogenetic grounds alone, but for which host relationships were not well known. (b3.net.nz)

Enzyme activity assays with crude beetle protein extracts revealed that glucosinolate sulfatase (GSS) activity is associated with the gut membrane and has narrow substrate specificity towards the benzenic glucosinolate sinalbin. (nature.com)
Orthologues identified by transcriptome sequencing were characterized using phylogenetic, ab initio protein modelling and comparative and population-based methods. (biomedcentral.com)
Phylogenetic analysis of the cif protein, which is encoded by the cif gene, shows that the evolution of cifA and cifB is related to each other. (biomedcentral.com)

The recruitment criteria included a set of objective, composite measurements performed by healthcare professionals [ 10 ], defining this reference population and enabling this investigation to focus on defining the integrated oral, oropharyngeal, and gut microbiomes in the absence of host disease. (biomedcentral.com)

This suggests that the determinants of host alternation are probably not as complicated as previously thought. (biomedcentral.com)

The identity of the ancestral host(s) from which bats were colonized repeatedly is unknown [ 14 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

The interaction between "B. bronchiseptica" and its host is pathogenic. (kenyon.edu)

It is up to the applicant to design the risk assessment on knowledge of the biology of the target and its natural enemy , and on ecological and biological control theory. (b3.net.nz)

Symbiont transmission is the process where the host in a symbiotic relationship between two organisms acquires an organism (internally or externally) that serves as its symbiont. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy2

Organisms32

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs20

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Phenomena and Processes46

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care8

Taxonomic2

Diversity10

Traits6

Parasites18

Lineages1

Patterns of host2

Analyses3

Evolutionary6

Bacteria6

Molecular2

Pathogen8

Interactions3

Strains2

Diversification1

Ecosystem4

Biogeography1

Colonization3

Hypothesis1

Pathogens2

Arthropods1

Primers2

Mechanisms2

Hybridization1

Genes5

Pressures1

Roles2

Microbiome3

Herbivores1

Infect3

Genetic2

Wasps1

Genus2

Host's2

Lepidopteran1

Phylogenies1

Fungi1

Intermediate2

Exert1

Taxonomically2

Relationships1

Protein3

Microbiomes1

Determinants1

Ancestral1

Pathogenic1

Biological1

Symbiotic1