Photosynthetic process activation photochemical processes. Medical search. Frequent questions

NPQ is considered a photoprotective mechanism because it helps to release the excitation energy absorbed in the light-harvesting complexes of photosystem II as heat, thus protecting the photosynthetic system from an excessive amount of excitation energy. (iapn.de)
In this process, numerous complex processes take place in the chloroplast, including the xanthophyll cycle, which involves the conversion of violaxanthin to zeaxanthin by the enzyme violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) and the protonation of the photosystem II protein subunit PsbS. (iapn.de)
In addition, the light response changes in the photochemical quenching of photosystem II (Y(II)) and nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) did not differ significantly between those plants. (kib.ac.cn)
Similarly, across the lines, drought stress decreased stomatal conductance (37%), transpiration rate (42%), photosynthetic rate (40%), photosystem II quantum yield (20%), photochemical quenching (44%), and total dry matter production (34%) than irrigated control. (preprints.org)

Under UV-B, phyab2 and cry1 mutants demonstrated a reduction in the PSII effective quantum yield and photosynthetic rate, as well as a reduced value of TEAC. (bvsalud.org)
Photosynthesis is limited by the sink demand for carbohydrates, the efficiency of carboxylation of ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO), the quantum yield of photochemical reactions, and the CO 2 diffusion through the stomata and mesophyll cells [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Light-dependent reactions refers to certain photochemical reactions that are involved in photosynthesis, the main process by which plants acquire energy. (wikipedia.org)
Measurement of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) by chlorophyll fluorescence: Due to reduced assimilation capacity, light energy is in excess to what can be used in photosynthesis and can damage the plant. (iapn.de)
During the second half of the 20th century, barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) has been widely used as a model organism for studying biological processes such as photosynthesis and chloroplast development. (mdpi.com)
Down-regulation of photosynthesis-related gene expression and decreased photosynthetic activity is in line with other studies that have reported the effects of biotic stress on photosynthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Photosynthesis is the largest mass- and energy-conversion process on Earth, and it is the material basis for almost all biological activities. (encyclopedia.pub)
Photosynthesis refers to the process in which autotrophs convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy to convert inorganic carbon into complex organic carbon and release oxygen. (encyclopedia.pub)
The process of photosynthesis can be basically divided into two stages: light and dark reactions. (encyclopedia.pub)
The light reactions of photosynthesis are the starting points of the whole photosynthesis process, providing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) as the energy sources for the subsequent dark reactions, and part of the ATP and NADPH generated enters the photorespiratory pathway. (encyclopedia.pub)
Carbon assimilation is the carbon-reaction stage of photosynthesis, which is essentially a process of inorganic carbon fixation and conversion to organic carbon. (encyclopedia.pub)
Plants, algae and a few other organisms rely on a process known as photosynthesis to fuel themselves, as they can harness cellular structures called chloroplasts to convert light into usable energy. (elifesciences.org)
The work by Havurinne and Tyystjärvi may also reveal new ways to harness biological processes such as photosynthesis for energy production in other contexts. (elifesciences.org)
However, the relationships between the BR-promoted growth and photosynthesis and the exact mechanism of BR-regulated photosynthetic capacity are not clear. (biomedcentral.com)

When excess energy conditions persist over a prolonged period of time, the photosynthetic apparatus is destroyed. (iapn.de)
UV-B causes both damage to the photosynthetic apparatus (PA) and the activation of specific mechanisms that protect the PA from excess energy and trigger a cascade of regulatory interactions with different photoreceptors, including phytochromes (PHYs) and cryptochromes (CRYs). (bvsalud.org)
This is reflected as a deficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus at the onset of viral multiplication only. (biomedcentral.com)

Slug chloroplasts also rapidly build up a strong proton-motive force upon a dark-to-light transition, which helps them to rapidly switch on photoprotective non-photochemical quenching of excitation energy. (elifesciences.org)

Dissipation of absorbed light energy as heat energy is induced by the molecular mechanism of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and can be determined from measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence. (iapn.de)

This might lead to photoinhibition which is a sustained reduction of the photosynthetic capacity. (iapn.de)
The transient reduction in net photosynthetic rate occurred in both genotypes with the same timing, and coincided with changes in stomatal conductivity. (biomedcentral.com)
In IS23143, the reduction in photosynthetic rate under drought may be a combination of stomatal and non-stomatal factors. (preprints.org)
Chan, M. S. and J. R. Bolton (1980) Structures, reduction potentials and absorption maxima of synthetic dyes of interest in photochemical solar-energy storage studies. (photochemcad.com)

In this study, we examined gene expression patterns and photosynthetic responses in three waterlogged mulberry cultivars propagated through cutting and grafting. (mdpi.com)

Therefore, understanding the mechanisms involved in the regulation of photosynthetic processes is of vital importance to optimize CO 2 assimilation and improve the yield potential of crops. (biomedcentral.com)

Improvement of Photosynthetic Efficiency" Encyclopedia , https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/45369 (accessed December 04, 2023). (encyclopedia.pub)
The main way to improve photosynthetic efficiency is to optimize the light reactions, including increasing light absorption and conversion, accelerating the recovery of non-photochemical quenching, modifying enzymes in the Calvin cycle, introducing carbon concentration mechanisms into C 3 plants, rebuilding the photorespiration pathway, de novo synthesis, and changing stomatal conductance. (encyclopedia.pub)
Improving photosynthetic efficiency involves improving light capture and conversion capacities in the light-reaction stage, optimizing the electron-transport chain, increasing Rubisco carboxylase activity, and reducing photorespiration [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

BRs are involved in virtually all the developmental process in a plant's life [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Pathogens that attack plants promote massive reprogramming of the plant metabolism for the synthesis of chemical defenses-a process that can be costly in terms of plant growth and fitness [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

BR can increase the photosynthetic capacity by inducing a reduced redox status that maintains the activation states of Calvin cycle enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzymes are biological molecules produced by living entities for carrying out biological processes. (preprints.org)
The application of enzymes for waste treatment has been gaining pace commercially to solve concerns related to agricultural residues, wastewater, replacement of synthetic processes with natural ones, etc. (preprints.org)
The application of enzymes for waste management has been an environmentally reliable and sustainable process. (preprints.org)

The activation status of RuBisCO, and the protein content and activity of RuBisCO activase, but not the total content and transcripts of RuBisCO were closely related to the endogenous BR levels in different genotypes. (biomedcentral.com)

A lightcontrolled quality about a suitable ratio of far-red or red, the blue light quality is given additional light can enhance biomass and photochemical content of plants under white light [11]. (biomedres.us)
Alterations in the expression of genes involved in gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and inactivation results in increased and decreased biomass accumulation, respectively, which is positively correlated with the photosynthetic rates at the whole plant level [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Unfavorable environmental conditions such as nutrient deficiency, lead to restrictions in the photosynthetic capacity. (iapn.de)
IAPN is conducting research on how photosynthetic processes are affected by the nutrient supply status: the spinach leaf shown here has visible symptoms of magnesium deficiency. (iapn.de)
It has been proposed that upon iron deficiency, BTS is produced as a negative regulator together with those involved in iron uptake in order to prevent excess iron uptake that might happen due to over-activation of the uptake process in response to iron deficiency. (molcells.org)
Overexpression of Dwarf promoted net photosynthetic rate ( P N ), whereas BR deficiency in d im led to a significant inhibition in P N as compared with WT. (biomedcentral.com)

In his earlier scientific career, he endeavored to pursue biochemical and molecular biological studies on the retinal photoreception by photoreceptive opsins and the light-signal transduction process mediated by G-protein (transducin) in vertebrate visual cells. (iuphotobiology.org)

If a special pigment molecule in a photosynthetic reaction center absorbs a photon, an electron in this pigment attains the excited state and then is transferred to another molecule in the reaction center. (wikipedia.org)

The process in which pigment molecules produce electrons by capturing solar energy is called photosynthetic electron transport (PET). (encyclopedia.pub)

Addressing those 'big questions' of high societal relevance have the merit of creating high visibility and also funding opportunities, however, classic comparative physiology and biochemistry is running the risk of becoming marginalized in this process, if the underlying physiological and biochemical processes cannot be visualized accordingly. (easychair.org)

A substantial number of proteins that are involved in the heat-acclimatization process such as the proteins related to cellular redox status and heat shock, are already altered in the type-A arr mutants without a prior exposure to stress conditions. (frontiersin.org)

We propose that visible light impacts on the biology and evolution of many non-photosynthetic organisms and have practical implications for how organisms are studied in the laboratory, with or without illumination. (biomedcentral.com)

The plant nutrient magnesium (Mg) plays crucial roles in photosynthetic processes. (iapn.de)
The development of a seedling into a photosynthetically active plant is a crucial process. (bvsalud.org)

In chemistry, many reactions depend on the absorption of photons to provide the energy needed to overcome the activation energy barrier and hence can be labelled light-dependent. (wikipedia.org)
Under such conditions, the absorption of light in the light harvesting complexes of the photosystems is excessive, i.e., the available energy cannot be consumed by the photosynthetic processes. (iapn.de)

The results indicate the mutual regulation of UVR8, PHYB2, and CRY1 photoreceptors, but not PHYB1 and PHYA, in the process of forming a response to UV-B irradiation in tomato. (bvsalud.org)
Recently, he has been focusing his efforts on revealing cellular and molecular processes important for not only the circadian clock oscillation but also its photic regulation. (iuphotobiology.org)
Together, he devoted to investigation of cellular and molecular processes important for the visual/non-visual transduction in photosensory organs and the photic regulation of the circadian clock. (iuphotobiology.org)

Here, we generated transgenic tomato plants by overexpressing Dwarf , a BR biosynthetic gene that encodes the CYP85A1, and compared the photosynthetic capacity with the BR biosynthetic mutant d im and wild type. (biomedcentral.com)

The effects of UV-B exposure (12.3 µmol (photons) m-2 s-1) on photosynthetic rates and PSII photochemical activity, the contents of photosynthetic and UV-absorbing pigments and anthocyanins, and the nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity (TEAC) were studied. (bvsalud.org)
A comprehensive analysis of the dynamic changes in primary metabolism was performed, which included whole transcriptome analysis, nontargeted proteomics, and photosynthetic activity measurements in potato cv. (biomedcentral.com)
Photosynthetic activity has enabled a large accumulation of organic matter and oxygen on Earth. (encyclopedia.pub)

Therefore, the excessive energy might react with ground state molecular oxygen which leads to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the photosynthetic machinery. (iapn.de)
Red light plays a vital role in the development of the photosynthetic system of plants, may enhance starch aggregation in various species of plant by preventing the photosynthetic translocation away from leaves [8]. (biomedres.us)
A wide variety of photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic species sense and respond to light, having developed protective mechanisms to adapt to damaging effects on DNA and proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

Once stolen, the chloroplasts, now termed kleptoplasts, remain functional inside the slug's cells for several weeks, essentially creating a photosynthetic slug. (elifesciences.org)

We found that the slug Elysia timida induces changes to the photosynthetic light reactions of the chloroplasts it steals from the alga Acetabularia acetabulum . (elifesciences.org)
A coherent understanding of when mortality of viable microorganisms does or does not occur in dust, and whether different light exposures influence these processes at the microbial community scale, is still lacking. (biomedcentral.com)

Besides these functions, Mg is involved in many more cellular functions like enzyme activation and energy metabolism. (iapn.de)

A large body of evidence has shown that photosynthetic capacity is influenced by hormone homeostasis or signaling in plants. (biomedcentral.com)

Our results show that eCO 2 increases photosynthetic rates and aerial growth but in contrast, reduces root length. (portlandpress.com)
However, the photosynthetic rates of cultivated crops are far below optimum values predicted by the theoretical models [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Elevated CO 2 (eCO 2 ) is a determinant factor of climate change and is known to alter plant processes such as physiology, growth and resistance to pathogens. (portlandpress.com)

A Q&A session will be included, enabling delegates to talk freely with our editorial team and editors on all aspects of the publishing process, including how the team operate at Chemical Science and what the journal does to make sure that the content it publishes is accessible and visible to its broad readership. (rsc.org)

This can be a complex process, since many different vitamins and environmental factors can influence the amount of melanin produced by these cells. (patriciamaeolson.com)

The loss of the electron gives the special pair a positive charge and, as an ionization process, further boosts its energy. (wikipedia.org)

Some of the most recent advances in enzymatic glycosylation processes focused on the production of important bioactive compounds have been analyzed. (preprints.org)

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Rubisco1

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