• 2005, 'Entropically assisted local order in Photosynthetic Membranes', International Congress on Photosynthesis (PS 2005) , ed. (edu.au)
  • In plants with C 3 photosynthesis, increasing the diffusion conductance for CO 2 transfer from substomatal cavity to chloroplast stroma ( g m ) could help to improve the efficiencies of CO 2 assimilation and photosynthetic water use in parallel. (unl.edu)
  • 2. Photosynthetic pigments: Types, spectral properties, functions in photosynthesis. (elte.hu)
  • Significance Statement Thylakoid membranes are essential for photosynthesis, yet their biogenesis and maintenance are poorly understood. (biorxiv.org)
  • In the above two pathways, the directions of the malate-OAA shuttle across the mitochondrial membrane during photosynthesis are opposite to each other and therefore this issue had been a matter of debate. (hku.hk)
  • Photosynthesis occurs in two stages: the light-dependent stage that occurs in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast and harvests solar energy, and the light-independent stage that takes that energy and makes sugar from carbon dioxide. (visionlearning.com)
  • One of the main players in photosynthesis is a huge membrane bound protein called photosystem II, which contains the oxygen evolving complex, a metal cluster deep within the protein. (diamond.ac.uk)
  • Thylakoid membranes are known to be altered by far-red light photoacclimation (FaRLiP). (exeter.ac.uk)
  • The biogenesis and maintenance of thylakoid membranes is a critical yet underappreciated area of research. (biorxiv.org)
  • FNR is recruited to thylakoid membranes via integral membrane thylakoid rhodanase-like protein TROL. (nature.com)
  • Excitonic energy transfer (EnT) is the mechanism by which natural photosynthetic systems funnel energy from hundreds of antenna pigments to a single reaction center, which allows multielectron redox reactions to proceed with high efficiencies in low-flux natural light. (osti.gov)
  • We characterized the response of four key photosynthetic pigments to nitrogen depletion and repletion at the subcellular level in individual, live Synechocystis sp. (osti.gov)
  • Instead it uses photosynthetic pigments located on folded membranes in their cytoplasm. (planetpapers.com)
  • 3. Evolution of photosynthetic pigments. (elte.hu)
  • Membrane proteins bind retinal pigments forming a light-driven proton pump. (dummies.com)
  • Their photosynthetic pigments are located in the thylakoid membrane within the cell itself. (pressbooks.pub)
  • Chlorophyll or closely-related pigments (substances that color the plant) are essential to the photosynthetic process. (enchantedlearning.com)
  • They are transmembrane proteins embedded in the chloroplast thylakoid or bacterial cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • The diffusion pathway from substomatal cavity to chloroplast traverses cell wall, plasma membrane, cytosol, chloroplast envelope membranes, and chloroplast stroma. (unl.edu)
  • Figure 2 This simplified diagram of a chloroplast shows the outer membrane, inner membrane, thylakoids, grana, and stroma. (pressbooks.pub)
  • We propose that VIA1 is part of a previously unrecognized chloroplast ESCRT-like system that plays a critical role in forming, remodeling, and repairing photosynthetic membranes. (biorxiv.org)
  • In vascular plants, photosynthetic electron transport (PET) chain produces reductive power that is utilised by diverse acceptors involved in both chloroplast and cellular metabolism 1 . (nature.com)
  • Photosynthetic reaction centre proteins are main protein components of photosynthetic reaction centres (RCs) of bacteria and plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • Of the polar lipids, it is of particular note that the level of galactolipids was elevated after treatment with humic acid, since these are known to be the predominant components of photosynthetic membranes. (bruker.com)
  • Photosynthetic organisms appeared early in evolution and their photosynthetic apparatus has evolved along. (rug.nl)
  • Photosynthetic organisms. (elte.hu)
  • 5. Structure and function of Q-type centers in bacterial photosynthetic organisms. (elte.hu)
  • Kingdom containing multicellular organisms having cells bound by a plasma membrane and organized into tissue and specialized tissue systems that permit them to either move about in search of food or to draw food toward themselves. (getty.edu)
  • In photosynthetic organisms, maintenance of photosynthetic light reaction is manifested by so called Photosystem II (PSII) repair system, where the reaction center protein D1 is targeted to photo-oxidative damage and rapidly degraded by the processive protease FtsH. (elifesciences.org)
  • They play an indispensable role in the light-driven reactions that enable photosynthetic organisms to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and sugars. (biorxiv.org)
  • Here we report the discovery of VIA1, a conserved protein that interacts with VIPP1 and participates in thylakoid biogenesis and remodeling in two distantly related photosynthetic organisms. (biorxiv.org)
  • Because VIA1 contains a predicted winged-helix domain, a hallmark feature of ESCRT-II proteins that mediates the interaction with ESCRT-III proteins, our data support the hypothesis that universal, mechanistic principles govern membrane remodeling across all living organisms. (biorxiv.org)
  • Chlorophyll, a biochemical that is common to all photosynthetic organisms, reflects green (intermediate) wavelengths, and absorbs energy from the violet-blue and reddish-orange wavelengths at opposite ends of the visible light spectrum. (fsu.edu)
  • Chlorophyll is a complex molecule that exists in several modifications or isomers in plants and other photosynthetic organisms. (fsu.edu)
  • The Type II photosynthetic apparatus in non-oxygenic bacteria consists of light-harvesting protein-pigment complexes LH1 and LH2, which use carotenoid and bacteriochlorophyll as primary donors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Far-red light is known to influence cyanobacteria, especially their photosynthetic apparatus. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • The work supports a role for chemical modification in the recognition and subsequent degradation of a key protein subunit of PSII by a bacterial-type protease, suggesting that tryptophan oxidation of components of the photosynthetic apparatus after high light stress plays a critical role in initiating the PSII repair system. (elifesciences.org)
  • Inspired by the efficiency with which plants convert sunlight into sugar, researchers have fabricated a solar cell that uses photosynthetic proteins to convert light into electricity. (sciencenews.org)
  • The D1 and D2 proteins occur as a heterodimer that form the reaction core of PSII, a multisubunit protein-pigment complex containing over forty different cofactors, which are anchored in the cell membrane in cyanobacteria, and in the thylakoid membrane in algae and plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms that can utilise white, far-red or UV light. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Cyanobacteria are an interesting group of photosynthetic prokaryotes with a great potential in drug discovery and scientific research. (scirp.org)
  • Thylakoids are membrane-bound compartments located in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts of plants and algae. (biorxiv.org)
  • Co-led by Manish Kumar, associate professor in the Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering at UT Austin, the team used multimodal electron microscopy, which combines the atomic-scale detailed imaging with techniques that reveal chemical composition, to determine that desalination membranes are inconsistent in density and mass. (phys.org)
  • The dimeric photosynthetic cytochrome b6f complex, a 16-mer of eight distinct subunits and 26 transmembrane helices, catalyzes transmembrane proton-coupled electron transfer for energy storage. (rcsb.org)
  • Photosystem II (PSII) is the initial site of photosynthetic electron transfer by water oxidation. (elifesciences.org)
  • The first step of photosynthetic electron transfer in the thylakoid membrane occurs at Photosystem II (PSII), where light energy absorbed by P 680 chlorophyll molecules drives water oxidation, and electron is transferred to plastoquinone. (elifesciences.org)
  • We propose that the dynamic binding and release of FNR from TROL can control the flow of photosynthetic electrons prior to activation of the pseudo-cyclic electron transfer pathway. (nature.com)
  • Photosynthetic proteins that accomplish electron and proton transfer reactions. (fu-berlin.de)
  • RC uses the excitation energy to shuffle electrons across the membrane, transferring them via ubiquinol to the cytochrome bc1 complex in order to establish a proton gradient across the membrane, which is used by ATP synthetase to form ATP. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a result, the reaction centres (RCs) of purple photosynthetic bacteria and PSII display considerable structural similarity in terms of cofactor organisation. (wikipedia.org)
  • 9. Antenna complexes in algae and photosynthetic bacteria. (elte.hu)
  • Membrane (LHI és LHII) and membrane attached antennae (FMO, chlorosomes) in bacteria. (elte.hu)
  • Similarly to Gram-negative bacteria, cyanobacterial cell wall contains Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) in the outer membrane layer. (scirp.org)
  • Through evolution, these ingested bacteria became more specialized in their functions, with the aerobic bacteria becoming mitochondria and the photosynthetic bacteria becoming chloroplasts. (pressbooks.pub)
  • [16] This event (termed primary endosymbiosis ) is at the origin of the red and green algae (including the land plants or Embryophytes which emerged within them)) and the glaucophytes , which together make up the oldest evolutionary lineages of photosynthetic eukaryotes, the Archaeplastida . (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we used an affinity purification approach in two distantly related photosynthetic eukaryotes, the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the plant Arabidopsis thaliana , to discover proteins that interact with VIPP1. (biorxiv.org)
  • Of the few known proteins involved in these processes, VIPP1 stands out due to its similarity to ESCRT-III, an integral component of the ESCRT machinery that is responsible for membrane remodeling and trafficking in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes. (biorxiv.org)
  • 2012. Analysis of Porphyra membrane transporters demonstrates gene transfer among photosynthetic eukaryotes and numerous sodium-coupled transport systems. (umaine.edu)
  • The fluid enclosed by the inner membrane and surrounding the grana is called the stroma. (pressbooks.pub)
  • Here, we investigated the effect of pretreatment with exogenous melatonin on the net photosynthetic rate, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII, chlorophyll content, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, antioxidant potential, and redox homeostasis in leaves of tea plants following cold stress. (mdpi.com)
  • The Nostoc is given its bluish color from a blue pigment called phycocyanin and its green color from the chlorophyll is surrounded by a membrane cell wall, called an acapsule. (planetpapers.com)
  • Thylakoid disks are disk-shaped membrane structures in chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll. (enchantedlearning.com)
  • The cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane in most cases. (vedantu.com)
  • Cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane in some protists, most fungi, and all plants. (vedantu.com)
  • An increase in lipids within photosynthetic membranes was also observed after treatment with humic acid. (bruker.com)
  • The role of lipids in the assembly, structure, and function of hetero-oligomeric membrane protein complexes is poorly understood. (rcsb.org)
  • Native membrane derived polymer-supported lipid bilayers (nSLBs) are poised to bridge the gap between live cell experiments and traditional model membrane architectures that by offering a combination of accessibility by surface sensitive analytical instrumentation and a composition which more closely resembles cellular membranes by displaying a diversity of endogenous membrane proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. (lu.se)
  • Due to the lack of detergent solubilization and reconstitution steps, the nSLBs created using this approach contain essentially all of the native lipids, as well as the membrane-associated proteins and carbohydrates from the donor membrane. (lu.se)
  • It is a double membrane system. (vedantu.com)
  • Mitochondria are oval-shaped, double-membrane organelles ( Figure 1 ) that have their own ribosomes and DNA. (pressbooks.pub)
  • Spherical to rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane. (enchantedlearning.com)
  • The inner layer has folds called cristae, which increase the surface area of the inner membrane. (pressbooks.pub)
  • Notice the inner and outer membranes, the cristae, and the mitochondrial matrix. (pressbooks.pub)
  • The inner membrane is infolded many times, forming a series of projections (called cristae). (enchantedlearning.com)
  • They are also examining how to develop the best membranes for specific materials, such as sustainable yet tough membranes that can prevent the formation of bacterial growth. (phys.org)
  • This is followed by experimental determination using genetic construction and expression of a fusion protein of the membrane protein and a marker protein in a bacterial system which is subsequently analysed. (lu.se)
  • This understanding could increase membrane efficiency by 30% to 40%, according to the researchers, resulting in more water filtered with less energy-a potential cost-saving update to current desalination processes. (phys.org)
  • While more efficient than non- membrane desalination processes, this still takes an immense amount of energy, the researchers said, but improving the efficiency of the membranes could reduce that burden. (phys.org)
  • Photosynthetic efficiency and mesophyll conductance are unaffected in" by Johannes Kromdijk, Katarzyna Głowacka et al. (unl.edu)
  • Improving photosynthetic efficiency is widely regarded as a major route to achieving much-needed yield gains in crop plants. (unl.edu)
  • These results are also important in the context of increasing the photosynthetic efficiency, and thus the productivity of crops, since they show that a radical redesign of the photosynthetic machinery is feasible. (elifesciences.org)
  • These features are discussed in relation to membrane topology and an assembly model proposed for the native dimeric complex. (nature.com)
  • Photosynthetic reaction centre genes from PSII (PsbA, PsbD) have been discovered within marine bacteriophage. (wikipedia.org)
  • To maintain photosynthetic activity, the PSII reaction center protein D1, which is the primary target of unavoidable photo-oxidative damage, is efficiently degraded by FtsH protease. (elifesciences.org)
  • The golgi body packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for "export" from the cell. (enchantedlearning.com)
  • The multiply-folded inner membrane of a cell's mitochondrion that are finger-like projections. (enchantedlearning.com)
  • In this prototype solar cell, photosynthetic proteins (spheres embedded in yellow peptides) absorb light and pump electrons (e-) into a silver electrode. (sciencenews.org)
  • We recently developed a generic method for producing polymer-supported lipid bilayers directly from cell-derived native membrane vesicles (NMVs). (lu.se)
  • The lectures address the three different main types of membrane proteins and associated cellular processes: transport and transporters, signal transduction and receptors, bioenergetics and photosynthetic and respiratory proteins. (lu.se)
  • Lipid A is a glycophospholipidic structure that anchors the LPS molecule to the cellular membrane. (scirp.org)
  • We are focussed on the development and application of IR and Raman spectroscopic methods to elucidate the intricate mechanism of (membrane) proteins on the atomistic level. (fu-berlin.de)
  • [17] A secondary endosymbiosis event involving an ancestral red alga and a heterotrophic eukaryote resulted in the evolution and diversification of several other photosynthetic lineages such as Cryptophyta , Haptophyta , Stramenopiles (or Heterokontophyta) , and Alveolata . (wikipedia.org)
  • The team continues to study the structure of the membranes, as well as the chemical reactions involved in the desalination process. (phys.org)
  • Regulatory mechanisms of photosynthetic light reactions. (elte.hu)
  • Development of molecular properties and reaction centers: loss of charge, appearance of apolar structures, ability to insert into membranes. (elte.hu)
  • The main aim of the course is to enable students to acquire specialised knowledge and understanding of membrane biochemistry and the molecular structure, topology and functional mechanisms of membrane proteins. (lu.se)
  • A vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and convoluted sacks that are located in the cell's cytoplasm (the ER is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane). (enchantedlearning.com)
  • Membrane proteins play a key role in the cell's energy metabolism and in its signalling and communication with its environment. (lu.se)
  • The tutorial demonstrates the basic molecular steps in the photosynthetic process. (fsu.edu)
  • While many studies have been focused on the membrane structure, the dynamics of such systems are crucial for the function of the membrane including membrane bound proteins. (lu.se)
  • LH1 acts as the energy collection hub, temporarily storing it before its transfer to the photosynthetic reaction centre (RC). (wikipedia.org)
  • A desalination membrane acts as a filter for salty water: push the water through the membrane, get clean water suitable for agriculture, energy production and even drinking. (phys.org)
  • Tracing of backward energy transfer from LH1 to LH2 in photosynthetic membranes grown under high and low irradiation. (epj-conferences.org)
  • To make the solar cell, a team of biologists and engineers led by Marc Baldo of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) harvested photosynthetic proteins from spinach and the bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides and deposited the proteins onto a glass support. (sciencenews.org)
  • Robbins, N.S. and Pharr, D.M. (1987) Regulation of Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism in Cucumber by Light Intensity and Photosynthetic Period. (scirp.org)
  • The arrangement within a membrane is essential for creating the proton motive force necessary to generate ATP. (dummies.com)
  • In addition to PufX, a previously unrecognized integral membrane protein, referred to as protein-U, was identified in the core complex. (nature.com)
  • The photosynthetic rate concomitantly with membrane stability index, potassium content, as well as free proline content was markedly increased. (springer.com)
  • In silico exercise addressing potential problems concerning the detection of heterologously expressed membrane proteins, solubilisation and evaluation of detergent properties, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtering in the presence of a detergent, and control of the protein's stability and integrity after purification. (lu.se)
  • Researchers from Penn State, The University of Texas at Austin, Iowa State University, Dow Chemical Company and DuPont Water Solutions published a key finding in understanding how membranes actually filter minerals from water, online today (Dec. 31) in Science . (phys.org)
  • Despite their use for many years, there is much we don't know about how water filtration membranes work," said Enrique Gomez, professor of chemical engineering and materials science and engineering at Penn State, who led the research. (phys.org)
  • We found that how you control the density distribution of the membrane itself at the nanoscale is really important for water-production performance. (phys.org)
  • In filtration membranes, it looks even, but it's not at the nanoscale, and how you control that mass distribution is really important for water-filtration performance. (phys.org)
  • This was a surprise, Gomez and Kumar said, as it was previously thought that the thicker the membrane, the less water production. (phys.org)
  • Filmtec, now a part of DuPont Water Solutions, which makes numerous desalination products, partnered with the researchers and funded the project because their in-house scientists found that thicker membranes were actually proving to be more permeable. (phys.org)
  • In a sense, a more consistent density throughout the membrane is more important than thickness for maximizing water production, according to Gomez. (phys.org)
  • Reverse osmosis membranes are so widely used for cleaning water, but there's still a lot we don't know about them," Kumar said. (phys.org)
  • noscale control of internal inhomogeneity enhances water transport in desalination membranes, Science (2020). (phys.org)
  • Factors such as water depth and quality strongly influence the wavelengths of light available in different aquatic and marine environments, and play a large role in the photosynthetic function of different phytoplankton and other protistan species. (fsu.edu)
  • With this Dynamics workshop, our goal is to bring together leading experts in the field of membrane dynamics, with a particular focus on neutrons and X-rays, but also complementary techniques including NMR, single molecule spectroscopy and computer modeling. (lu.se)
  • and always occur within a membrane. (dummies.com)
  • Photosynthetic membranes, which house the photocomplexes, occur in all phototrophs, but their structure can be very different in each organism. (dummies.com)
  • Lectures dealing with methods for theoretical modelling of membrane protein structure, fusion protein techniques, X-ray crystallography, heterologous expression, solubilisation and purification of membrane proteins are also included in the course. (lu.se)
  • This study provides a complete structure analysis of lipid-mediated functions in a multi-subunit membrane protein complex and reveals lipid sites at positions essential for assembly and function. (rcsb.org)
  • Recent years have seen strong research efforts on the lipid component of biological membranes. (lu.se)
  • The team used the XFEL at SLAC with a number of ingenious additions to determine the molecular structure of three intermediate states of photosystem II and two transient states only hundreds of microseconds old during the photosynthetic reaction cycle to an impressive 2 Å resolution. (diamond.ac.uk)
  • Group discussions about e.g. the similarities/dissimilarities, cloning and overexpression strategies, and structure and function of membrane proteins. (lu.se)