Photosynthesis carbon sugars hexose sugars into bacteria. Medical search. Frequent questions

A cheap source of sugar is corn syrup, industrially produced by converting corn starch into sugars, such as maltose, fructose and glucose. (wikipedia.org)
If the aldolase reaction for triose → hexose evolved around glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate/dihydroxyacetone phosphate then perhaps the involvement of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate was dictated by the underlying chemistry of the aldolase condensation, and the steps to glucose followed from there. (stackexchange.com)
The end products of photosynthesis are glucose and oxygen, which are used as starting products for beginning the process of cellular respiration. (extramarks.com)
Among these, pentoses (e.g., ribose in ribonucleic acid (RNA)) and hexoses (e.g., glucose, or blood sugar) are the most common sugars in animal tissues. (oregonstate.education)
A. Monosaccharides are often referred to as simple sugars (e.g., glucose) and cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler compounds. (oregonstate.education)
Both glucose and fructose have the same molecular formula C6H12O6 and are hexoses (6 C). But glucose is an aldose (also called aldohexose) and fructose is a ketose, or a ketohexose. (oregonstate.education)
The three hexoses that are nutritionally and metabolically important are glucose, fructose, and galactose (see Figure 3.1). (oregonstate.education)
Glucose is the form of carbohydrates found in circulating blood (blood sugar) and is the primary carbohydrate used by the body for energy production. (oregonstate.education)
In Rhizobium species, a PEPCK-deficient mutant fails to grow on minimal medium with succinate or other citric acid cycle intermediates but can grow on glucose and glycerol as a sole carbon source, suggesting that PEPCK functions here as a key gluconeogenic enzyme ( 30 ). (asm.org)
Glucose (Glc), a monosaccharide (or simple sugar ), is an important carbohydrate in biology . (wikidoc.org)
Glucose is one of the main products of photosynthesis and starts cellular respiration in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes . (wikidoc.org)
Two stereoisomers of the aldohexose sugars are known as glucose, only one of which ( D -glucose) is biologically active. (wikidoc.org)
Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) contains six carbon atoms one of which is part of an aldehyde group and is therefore referred to as an aldohexose . (wikidoc.org)
As the ring contains five carbon atoms and one oxygen atom, which resembles the structure of pyran , the cyclic form of glucose is also referred to as glucopyranose. (wikidoc.org)
Glucose is one of these sugars, and L and D -glucose are two of the stereoisomers. (wikidoc.org)
An additional asymmetric center at C-1 (called the anomeric carbon atom ) is created when glucose cyclizes and two ring structures, called anomers are formed - α -glucose and β -glucose. (wikidoc.org)
Glucose is one of the products of photosynthesis in plants and some prokaryotes . (wikidoc.org)
In glucose the OH at carbon 1 is below the plane of the ring. (studymode.com)
These factors include sugar transporters and invertases as well as metabolites, including sucrose and glucose, which function as signalling molecules to modulate gene expression. (sun.ac.za)
During digestion by the digestive system, the food containing carbs is transformed into glucose or blood sugar. (javatpoint.com)
For instance, the five- and six-carbon aldehydes in ribose and glucose form aldopentoses, and the six-carbon aldehyde in fructose forms a ketohexose (a six-carbon ketone), respectively. (javatpoint.com)
Aldohexose D-glucose, for instance, has the formula (CH2O)6, and four of its six carbon atoms are stereogenic, making it one of 24=16 potential stereoisomers according to the Le Bel-van't Hoff rule. (javatpoint.com)
The oxygen on the first carbon (C1) of -D-glucose is bonded to the second carbon (C2) of D-fructose. (javatpoint.com)
Glycolysis is a sequence of chemical reactions that convert glucose to two three-carbon compounds called pyruvic acid. (texasgateway.org)
A. Create visual representations to show how when bonds in the glucose molecules are broken between carbon number 1 and the oxygen atom and between carbons 3 and 4, two molecules of pyruvic acid are produced. (texasgateway.org)

Note that the main carbon fixation pathway in photoautotrophs does indeed use this process: carbon fixation by RuBisCO generates 3-phosphoglycerate and the subsequent action of triosephosphate isomerase and aldolase generates fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. (stackexchange.com)
The glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate can be converted into the 6‐carbon sugar phosphate called fructose‐6‐phosphate by the reactions of triose phosphate isomerase, aldolase, and fructose bisphosphase. (cliffsnotes.com)
Fructose, or "fruit sugar," is found in ripened fruits and honey and is also formed by digestion of disaccharide sucrose. (oregonstate.education)

generate pentoses from hexoses - 2. (studylib.net)
generate hexoses from pentoses (gluconeogenesis) - 3. (studylib.net)
Most nutritionally important sugars are pentoses or hexoses. (oregonstate.education)

Longer chains of monosaccharides (>2) are not regarded as sugars and are called oligosaccharides or polysaccharides. (wikipedia.org)
Monosaccharides can be subdivided based on the number of carbon (C) atoms. (oregonstate.education)
Most monosaccharides in animal tissues are of 5 C and 6 C sugars. (oregonstate.education)
3- carbon monosaccharides are called triose sugars. (studymode.com)
6-carbon monosaccharides are called hexose sugars. (studymode.com)
Unmodified monosaccharides have the typical chemical formula of (C-H2O)n, including "carbon hydrate" in their structure. (javatpoint.com)

Based on the number of carbon atoms, a carbohydrate can be classified as triose (3 C), tetrose (4 C), pentose (5 C), and hexose (6 C). The suffix " ose " at the end of a biochemical name flags the molecule as a "sugar. (oregonstate.education)

Ribose, C 5 H 10 O 5 , and hexose, C 6 H 12 O 6 , form stable five- and six-carbon rings. (texasgateway.org)
C. Create a visual representation of three 2-deoxyribose, 5-phosphate molecules forming a chain in which an oxygen atom in the phosphate that is attached to the 5-carbon replaces the OH on the 3-carbon of the next ribose sugar. (texasgateway.org)

The 5‐carbon sugar phosphates are interconverted by the action of epimerase and isomerase to yield ribulose‐5‐phosphate, which is phosphorylated by the enzyme ribulose phosphate kinase to make RuBP, the acceptor of CO 2 . (cliffsnotes.com)
The pckA gene, encoding the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), was cloned by PCR amplification from the purple nonsulfur bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris No. 7. (asm.org)
Therefore, the dramatic changes of sugar type and concentration during the germination process undoubtedly regulates the enzyme activity and the pattern of gene expression of several enzymes [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Hexokinase (HXK) is a glycolytic regulatory enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible phosphorylation reaction of D-hexoses at the sixth carbon using ATP-Mg 2+ as a phosphate donor. (biomedcentral.com)

Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. (wikipedia.org)
Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the proportion found in water (CH 2 O) and are hence hydrates of carbon. (oregonstate.education)
In the plant cell, carbohydrates could be present in the cell content as sugar or starch, or they could be associated with the cell wall structure (e.g., cellulose). (oregonstate.education)
One method of classifying carbohydrates is based on the number of carbon atoms per each molecule of a carbohydrate and on the number of molecules of sugar in the compound. (oregonstate.education)
Since carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen make up their chemical makeup, they are known as carbohydrates. (javatpoint.com)
The capture of radiant energy through the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates is the engine that drives life on Earth. (texasgateway.org)

In common with animals, all fungi lack chlorophyll and cannot carry out photosynthesis. (thecanadianencyclopedia.ca)
Yeasts lack chlorophyll and are unable to manufacture by photosynthesis from inorganic substrates the organic compounds required for growth, as do higher plants, algae, and even some bacteria. (biologydiscussion.com)

Partial breakdown into lactic acid or ethanol and CO2 Note: Bacteria have many different pathways for carbohydrate metabolism based on the enzymes they are able to produce. (studylib.net)

The location of the carbonyl group, the number of carbon atoms present, and the chiral handedness of a monosaccharide are the three features used to categorize them. (javatpoint.com)
Containing the exception of the first and final carbons, all carbon atoms with hydroxyl groups (-OH) are asymmetric, making them stereo centers with two potential configurations apiece (R or S). This asymmetry allows for several isomers for each given monosaccharide formula. (javatpoint.com)
The hydrophobic chains of carbon atoms extend into the space between these two surfaces. (texasgateway.org)

The production of hexose 6 phosphate is a key node in different pathways that are required for a successful germination. (biomedcentral.com)

A counter-measure against the elevation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is to strengthen the path of carbon dioxide recycling through photosynthesis and then efficiently utilize the plant biomass formed as a result. (banksolar.ru)

Purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB) are metabolically versatile organisms which are able to grow either aerobically in the dark or anaerobically in the light using hydrogen or organic compounds as electron donors and subsequently fixing CO 2 ( 16 ). (asm.org)

Overall, animal metabolism produces energy in a reverse process to that of photosynthesis. (oregonstate.education)
The genetic transformation of plants and the subsequent development of transgenic lines with disturbed sugar metabolism have made an unprecedented impact on the study of sugar translocation and -partitioning. (sun.ac.za)
For instance, the transformation of plants with a yeast-derived invertase targeted to different subcellular compartments has led to the elucidation of several key aspects of sugar metabolism, including phloem loading mechanisms, the regulation of photosynthesis by sugars, the importance of sugar-metabolism compartmentation with regards to sucrose biosynthesis, storage and distribution, as well as the role of cell-wall invertase in phloem unloading and sink strength. (sun.ac.za)

Mangrovibacterium diazotrophicum DSM 27148 is a mesophilic bacterium that was isolated from mangrove sediment. (dsmz.de)
Levilinea saccharolytica KIBI-1 is an anaerobe, mesophilic, Gram-negative bacterium that was isolated from sludge in a mesophilic UASB reactor. (dsmz.de)

High energy crops native to South East Asia (and Africa and South America) are therefore desirable tools for the counter-measure to carbon dioxide elevation. (banksolar.ru)

Signal transduction : overview, receptors and G-proteins, specific signaling mechanism in bacteria and proteins. (iasexamportal.com)
Photosynthetic rates were higher under warm temperatures irrespective of mycorrhizal inoculation, but sugars and proteins in leaves decreased in -M plants under these environmental conditions. (unav.edu)
Minerals, proteins, sugars, and phenolic compounds were measured in grains of peas and faba beans, and in pods of snap beans. (unav.edu)
Under ECO2, grains of pea and faba bean increased levels of proteins and phenolics, respectively, and the sugars-to-protein ratio decreased in pods of snap beans. (unav.edu)
Our observations suggest that the HXKs may be redundant proteins with specific roles depending on carbon and ATP availability, metabolic needs, or sensor requirements. (biomedcentral.com)

Moreover, conversion of sugarcane biomass into fermentable sugars for second-generation ethanol production is a promising alternative to meet future demands of biofuel production in the country. (scielo.br)
Hence the total en-ergy fixed by biomass is estimated to be 13.5×107 kcal/ha year, this being equiva-lent to 15 tons of fuel. (banksolar.ru)

Aldohexose sugars have 4 chiral centers giving 2 4 = 16 stereoisomers . (wikidoc.org)

This reaction is the first step in the gluconeogenic pathway, in which citric acid cycle intermediates are converted to hexose. (asm.org)

Sugars are found in the tissues of most plants. (wikipedia.org)
The increased mRNA levels could be correlated to the altered invertase activities and sugar levels in these tissues. (sun.ac.za)
Our body's cells, organs, and tissues use this sugar as energy. (javatpoint.com)

Better control of fermentation conditions can reduce the stress conditions for yeast cells and contamination by bacteria and wild yeasts. (scielo.br)

Identify true statement regarding light reaction of photosynthesis? (samacheerkalviguru.com)

The name comes from the Greek word glykys ( γλυκύς ), which means "sweet", plus the suffix "-ose" which denotes a sugar . (wikidoc.org)

White sugar is a refined form of sucrose. (wikipedia.org)
Sucrose is especially concentrated in sugarcane and sugar beet, making them ideal for efficient commercial extraction to make refined sugar. (wikipedia.org)
Transcript levels of the sucrose transporter NtSUT1 and hexose transporter NtMST1 encoding genes increased significantly in the source leaves and roots of Vac-Inv lines, whereas increased NtMst1 transcript levels were also detected in the roots of Apo-Inv lines. (sun.ac.za)

The following list shows the prefixes for numbers of carbons in a sugar. (oregonstate.education)

In this ring, each carbon is linked to a hydroxyl side group with the exception of the fifth atom, which links to a sixth carbon atom outside the ring, forming a CH 2 OH group. (wikidoc.org)

Use your representation to show that both phosphorylation (the addition of a phosphate ion) at carbon 5 and removal of the hydroxide at carbon 2 produce water molecules in an aqueous solution where hydrogen ions are abundant. (texasgateway.org)

Some other chemical substances, such as ethylene glycol, glycerol and sugar alcohols, may have a sweet taste but are not classified as sugar. (wikipedia.org)
A phospholipid consists of a pair of fatty acids that may or may not have carbon-carbon double bonds, fused at the carboxylic acid with a three-carbon glycerol that is terminated by a phosphate, as shown in the figure below. (texasgateway.org)

and (4) polysaccharides, large polymers of simple sugars. (oregonstate.education)

Moreover, the use of ethanol blends has improved air quality in large urban centers, reducing emissions of carbon monoxide from 50 g/km driven to less than 5.8 g/km driven. (scielo.br)

Only in +M plants mature berries maintained the balance of sugars to organic acids and increased the Arg-to Pro-ratio under elevated temperatures. (unav.edu)
This group of organic substances has the general formula Cn(H2O)n and is often termed carbon hydrates. (javatpoint.com)

Simple sugars are also subdivided into aldose, a sugar that contains an aldehyde structure, or ketose, a sugar that contains a ketone group. (oregonstate.education)

The English word jaggery, a coarse brown sugar made from date palm sap or sugarcane juice, has a similar etymological origin: Portuguese jágara from the Malayalam cakkarā, which is from the Sanskrit śarkarā. (wikipedia.org)
Even after refined sugarcane became more widely available during the European colonial era, palm sugar was preferred in Java and other sugar producing parts of southeast Asia, and along with coconut sugar, is still used locally to make desserts today. (wikipedia.org)
Sugar remained relatively unimportant until the Indians discovered methods of turning sugarcane juice into granulated crystals that were easier to store and to transport. (wikipedia.org)
During the reign of Harsha (r. 606-647) in North India, Indian envoys in Tang China taught methods of cultivating sugarcane after Emperor Taizong of Tang (r. 626-649) made known his interest in sugar. (wikipedia.org)

Studies of a pckA-lacZ gene fusion indicated that when cells were grown in minimal media with various carbon sources, such as succinate, malate, pyruvate, lactate, or ethanol, under both anaerobic light and aerobic dark conditions, the pckA gene was induced in log phase, irrespective of the carbon source. (asm.org)

However, a combination of factors involving oil price drops, reduction of subsidies to producers and rise of sugar prices contributed to fuel shortage that led to a major downturn in the demand for ethanol-run cars. (scielo.br)

Lactose is the only sugar that cannot be extracted from plants. (wikipedia.org)
The rate of photosynthesis in group A bean plants is more than what is found in Group B plants because the rate of absorption of light is more at the wavelength is less beyond the wavelength of 500 - 550 nm. (samacheerkalviguru.com)
PEPCKs have been generally classified according to their nucleotide specificities: enzymes from bacteria, yeast, and plants mainly use adenosine nucleotides, but enzymes from a variety of eukaryotes and mammals use guanosine or inosine phosphates ( 24 ). (asm.org)
In SA-deficient and more sensitive NahG-Désirée plants, consistent down-regulation of photosynthesis-related genes was detected. (biomedcentral.com)
Transgenic lines overproducing the yeast-derived invertase in either the vacuole (Vac-Inv) or apoplast (Apo-Inv) were utilised to analyse the effect of the altered sugar levels in sink and source organs on the expression of sugar transporters, as well as the endogenous cell wall invertase and inhibitors in these plants. (sun.ac.za)

B. Create a visual representation of 2-deoxyribose, 5-phosphate by replacing the OH at carbon 2 with a hydrogen atom and replacing the OH at carbon 5 with a hydrogen phosphate ion, HPO 3 2- , whose structure is shown in problem AP3.2. (texasgateway.org)

Regeneration of ribulose bisphosphate occurs by the same reactions that occur in the hexose‐monophosphate shunt. (cliffsnotes.com)

Down-regulation of photosynthesis-related gene expression and decreased photosynthetic activity is in line with other studies that have reported the effects of biotic stress on photosynthesis. (biomedcentral.com)

From the six HXKs analyzed here, only ZmHXK9 has minimal hexose phosphorylating activity even though enzymatic function of all isoforms (ZmHXK4-9) was confirmed using a yeast complementation approach. (biomedcentral.com)

The starch productivity of sago palm is several times greater than that of tapioca (cassava), wheat, and rice, i. e. sago palm has a high efficiency of photosynthesis. (banksolar.ru)

In the body, compound sugars are hydrolysed into simple sugars. (wikipedia.org)

Seed germination is a crucial process in the plant life cycle when a dramatic variation of type and sugar content occurs just as the seed is hydrated. (biomedcentral.com)

A typical Fischer projection states that a molecule is a D sugar if the hydroxyl group is located on the right and an L sugar if it is not. (javatpoint.com)

These anomers differ structurally with respect to the relative positioning of their hydroxyl group linked to C-1 and the group at C-6, which is termed the reference carbon. (wikidoc.org)

Where carbon dioxide occurs in high concentration in such processes, the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas can be trapped and then recovered for uses as a raw material. (banksolar.ru)

Honey and fruits are abundant natural sources of simple sugars. (wikipedia.org)

A R. palustris No. 7 PEPCK-deficient strain showed growth characteristics identical to those of the wild-type strain either anaerobically in the light or aerobically in the dark when a C 4 -dicarboxylic acid, such as succinate or malate, was used as a carbon source. (asm.org)
Strains deficient in all three enzymes cannot grow on C 4 -dicarboxylic acids as a sole carbon source, whereas strains retaining one of these enzymes are still able to grow ( 14 ). (asm.org)
These transgenic lines displayed varying increases in invertase activity, altered sugar levels and consequently disturbed sink-source interactions and sugar partitioning. (sun.ac.za)
Sugars are the main source of carbon and energy, but they also have signaling functions [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This is controlled by the direction of the asymmetric carbon farthest from the carbonyl group. (javatpoint.com)

The sugars and oxygen produced during photosynthesis supply energy for plant growth. (extramarks.com)
Our muscles & liver store the excess sugar or energy to be used later. (javatpoint.com)

In this study, a similar strategy of transgenic plant analysis was employed to expand our insight into the regulation of sugar partitioning. (sun.ac.za)

As free sugar consumption grew in the latter part of the 20th century, researchers began to examine whether a diet high in free sugar, especially refined sugar, was damaging to human health. (wikipedia.org)
In terms of photosynthesis, tropical areas offer great advantages over tem-perate zones due to high solar radiation. (banksolar.ru)

Because the action of Photosystems I and II forms NADPH, this reduction ensures that ribulose bisphosphate is made only when enough light exists to support Photosynthesis. (cliffsnotes.com)

Anatomy11

Organisms34

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs76

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Phenomena and Processes58

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Information Science5

Health Care13

Glucose25

Fructose3

Pentoses3

Monosaccharides6

Pentose1

Ribose2

Enzyme4

Carbohydrates6

Lack chlorophyll2

Carbohydrate1

Atoms3

Different pathways1

Path of carbon1

Metabolically1

Metabolism3

Mesophilic2

Crops1

Proteins5

Biomass2

Chiral1

Pathway1

Tissues3

Yeasts1

Reaction1

Suffix1

Sucrose3

Carbons1

Sixth carbon1

Phosphorylation1

Glycerol2

Polysaccharides1

Centers1

Organic2

Aldehyde1

Sugarcane4

Irrespective1

Ethanol1

Plants5

Phosphate1

Occur1

Gene1

Minimal1

Starch1

Compound1

Germination1

Molecule1

Hydroxyl1

Occurs1

Simple1

Source4

Group1

Energy2

Regulation1

High2

Reduction1