Photons. Medical search. Frequent questions

Although X-rays and gamma-rays will also ionize a hydrogen atom, there are far fewer of them emitted from a star's photosphere-LyC are predominantly UV-C. The photon absorption process leading to the ionization of atomic hydrogen can occur in reverse: an electron and a proton can collide and form atomic hydrogen. (wikipedia.org)
Use the Photon Absorption tab to identify if molecules are Greenhouse Gases and give the microscopic evidence that supports your ideas. (colorado.edu)
The main distinguishing feature of photon echo methods from all other third-order processes is the time ordering of the field interactions that leads to a rephasing process in the induced @P04712@ to remove inhomogeneous contributions to the absorption linewidth. (iupac.org)
Multiphoton absorption of entangled photons offers ways for obtaining unique information about chemical and biological processes. (nih.gov)
In this paper, we present a theoretical and experimental study of the excitation wavelength dependence of the entangled two-photon absorption (ETPA) process in a molecular system, which provides insights into how entanglement affects molecular spectra. (nih.gov)
We demonstrate that the ETPA excitation spectrum can be different from that of classical TPA as well as that for one-photon resonant absorption (OPA) with photons of doubled frequency. (nih.gov)

We herein implemented an approach to quantify vasculature, hemodynamics, and neural activity in awake marmosets using two-photon microscopy (2PM). (nih.gov)
This unprecedented view is made possible by three-photon microscopy, a low-energy imaging approach that is allowing researchers to peer deeply within the brains of living creatures without damaging or killing their brain cells. (nih.gov)
The basic idea of multi-photon microscopy is this: for fluorescence microscopy to work, you want to deliver a specific energy level of photons (usually with a laser) to excite a fluorescent molecule, so that it will emit light at a slightly lower energy (longer wavelength) and be visualized as a burst of colored light in the microscope. (nih.gov)
After carefully optimizing the system, they were able to peer more than 1,000 microns (0.05 inches) deep into the visual cortex of a live, alert mouse, far surpassing the imaging capacity of standard one-photon microscopy (100 microns) and two-photon microscopy (400-500 microns). (nih.gov)
This improved imaging depth allowed the team to plumb all six layers of the visual cortex (two-photon microscopy tops out at about three layers), as well as to record in real time the brain's visual processing activities. (nih.gov)
1] Functional imaging of visual cortical layers and subplate in awake mice with optimized three-photon microscopy . (nih.gov)
Two-photon microscopy is the method of choice for imaging living cells and tissues (intravital microscopy). (lu.se)
Multi-photon fluorescence microscopy (MPFM) is an imaging technique that can investigate biological processes to sub-cellular resolution at depths of hundreds of microns below the surface of biological tissues. (nih.gov)
The NHLBI Light Microscopy Core Facility is seeking statements of capability or interest from parties interested in collaborative research to further develop, evaluate, or commercialize a total emission detection system for multi-photon imaging. (nih.gov)
In collaboration with a group led by Dr Balaban at the NHLBI, we began working on quantification of photonic behavior in Two-Photon Microscopy. (nih.gov)
This work has involved the development and quantification of a new approach to enhance Two-Photon microscopy. (nih.gov)

Existing chiral photon sources typically engage spin-polarized materials to manipulate the spin angular momentum of electrons and photons. (eurekalert.org)
They further used the topological lattices to effectively and successfully manipulate the spin angular momentum of electrons and photons and developed a topological spin light-emitting diode for the first time. (eurekalert.org)
Can the topological spin structures manipulate electrons and photons? (eurekalert.org)
This result proved that the topological quasiparticle can transfer chirality to electrons and photons. (eurekalert.org)
My question ig would be, isn't it plausible that the electrons and photons are like tiny gaseous planets or smth? (physicsforums.com)
It is our understanding that electrons and photons are fundamental. (physicsforums.com)
Professor Anatoly Zayats of King's College London said: "electrons and photons are very different animals with different properties defining their behaviour, such as spin and statistics. (kcl.ac.uk)

However, such single-photon level nonlinearity is not only fundamentally fascinating but holds great potential for emerging technologies and applications involving heralding entanglement at a distance. (nature.com)
Demonstrating this sort of photon-electron entanglement is just a first step for both teams. (ieee.org)
Fraunhofer says that encryption by means of a physical principle, the so-called quantum entanglement offers a solution: first, twin-photons are generated which are entangled with each other regarding certain quantum states and which are therefore dependent upon each other. (homelandsecuritynewswire.com)
Unlike electrons, neutrons and quarks, photons have no MASS, so they can travel at the speed of light (about 186,000 miles per second) and they have entanglement. (payloadz.com)
The aim is to generate photon pairs with a high quality of entanglement at an exactly defined wavelength. (presseportal.de)

Therefore, photons with energies above 13.6 eV are emitted by the combination of energetic protons and electrons forming atomic hydrogen, and emission from photoionized hydrogen. (wikipedia.org)
Through an in-depth theoretical and experimental investigation, the team found that when electrons are injected into the meron lattices and semiconductor, their trajectory can be effectively controlled, thereby producing a spin polarization and achieving highly polarized photon emission. (eurekalert.org)
Cite this: Incremental Prognostic Value Of Exercise Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomographic (SPECT) Thallium 201 Imaging in Patients With ST-T Abnormalities on their Resting Electrocardiograms - Medscape - Jan 01, 2005. (medscape.com)
The process also results in the emission of a photon, whose frequency and polarization are linked to the electron (the entire system is a superposition of a blue, vertically polarized photon paired with a spin-up electron and a red, horizontally-polarized photon with a spin-down electron, Sophia Economou of the Naval Research Laboratory explains in an accompanying commentary ). (ieee.org)
This led to the emission of a stream of individual photons. (photonics.com)
This results in the emission of photons with wavelengths that vary, if ever so slightly. (ieee.org)
Within the finite-time-path out-of-equilibrium quantum field theory (QFT), we calculate direct photon emission from early stages of heavy ion collisions, from a narrow window, in which uncertainty relations are still important and they provide a new mechanism for production of photons. (mdpi.com)
The purpose of this Request for Information (RFI) is to obtain opinions of members of the medical imaging community regarding the sharing of precursors for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) imaging agents. (nih.gov)
The basic tenet of the approach is to obtain Total Emission Detection (TED), as opposed to the usual epi/trans detection of two-Photon Imaging. (nih.gov)

They will entangle two beams of photons at two different wavelengths. (eurekalert.org)
A team of researchers at universities in Switzerland, Germany, and France reported on 8 September in Nature Communications that they've developed quantum dots that can produce streams of photons with identical wavelengths. (ieee.org)

The Lyman limit is at the wavelength of 91.2 nm (912 Å), corresponding to a frequency of 3.29 million GHz and a photon energy of 13.6 eV. (wikipedia.org)
At faster speeds, the excess (kinetic) energy is radiated (but momentum must be conserved) as photons of lower wavelength (higher energy). (wikipedia.org)
However, these quantum repeaters will work only if all the single photons that they receive have the exact same wavelength. (ieee.org)
When the electron drops down to its lower energy level, it emits a single photon whose wavelength is determined by the difference in the energy of the two levels. (ieee.org)
For use as a source in telecommunications, it must be possible to adjust the wavelength of the photons very precisely because the wavelength spacing of the channels is less than 1 nm. (presseportal.de)
The wavelength of the generated photons depends very sensitively on the epitaxial produced layer structure of the waveguides. (presseportal.de)
Therefore, the project focuses on the accuracy of the epitaxy of AlGaAs-based Bragg reflection waveguides with regard to the wavelength of the generated entangled photons. (presseportal.de)

To obtain this pioneering view of the brain, Mriganka Sur, Murat Yildirim, and their colleagues built an innovative microscope that emits three low-energy photons. (nih.gov)
Available for licensing and commercial development is a novel two-photon microscope system, which would allow improved fluorescent light collection, the use of less excitation power and deeper penetration of tissue and isolated cells. (nih.gov)
We have developed a two-photon-excitable genetically-encoded voltage-sensitive indicator and ultra-fast two-photon microscope that enables optical measurements of action potentials deep into the brain. (nih.gov)

In addition to learning about photons and electrons, one should also research nucleons (protons, neutrons), which are composite particles consisting of quarks, which are considered fundamental particles. (physicsforums.com)

A team of researchers from the Department of Physics, King's College London, and the London Centre for Nanotechnology in the UK, and Shenzhen University in China, have discovered skyrmion structures made of photon spins for the first time. (kcl.ac.uk)
One, which included Kristiaan De Greve, now a post-doc at Harvard University, and researchers at Stanford University, Wurzburg University in Germany, and Heriot-Watt University in Scotland, chose to preserve photon polarization while lowering the frequency so that all the photons were in the infrared range, a useful range for telecommunications . (ieee.org)
While other experiments have demonstrated the effect in light pulses, this was the first time it has been observed in single photons, according to researchers at St. John's College at the University of Cambridge. (photonics.com)
The Cambridge researchers pursued an alternative technique, proposed in 1981, that called for exciting a single atom with a tiny amount of light to produce squeezed photons through resonance fluorescence. (photonics.com)
To create the photons, the researchers used self-assembled indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) quantum dots embedded in gallium arsenide. (ieee.org)
Researchers are developing a quantum coding source that allows the transport of entangled photons from satellites, thereby making an important step in the direction of tap-proof communication. (homelandsecuritynewswire.com)
Using entangled photons, the researchers placed go pieces (called stones) in quantum superpositions to vastly increase the complexity of the game. (physicsworld.com)
SLAC's Photon Science Seminar Series brings together scientists from SLAC's Linac Coherent Light Source, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Photon Science and Accelerator directorates, including researchers from the Center for Sustainable Energy through Catalysis and two joint SLAC-Stanford institutes: the Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences and the Pulse Institute for Ultrafast Energy Science. (stanford.edu)

If the two particles were traveling slowly (so that kinetic energy can be ignored), then the photon the atom emits upon its creation will theoretically be 13.6 eV (in reality, the energy will be less if the atom is formed in an excited state). (wikipedia.org)

Since browsing the Web is a key feature of any smartphone, we also conducted some formal speed tests to see how well the Motorola Photon 4G compares to some of today's hottest smartphones. (hothardware.com)
I'm too lazy to search the archives and make sure, but based on your comparisons and the descriptive examples you gave on this phone (Atrix HD, DROID 4) it seemed like you have never even seen a Motorola Photon 4G (without the Q). I get that its essentially the same as the Atrix 4G, but you never referenced that either. (phonescoop.com)

To make use of this strange property, Yuan and his team will entangle photons, or discrete particles of light. (eurekalert.org)
Photons are tiny little particles of light, far too small to see individually. (payloadz.com)

But they are also relatively compact, spit out photons at a good clip, and could be built on conventional or future, hybrid electronic-photonic chips. (ieee.org)
In order to bring these technologies into application, compact and efficient sources of entangled photon pairs are needed that can be integrated into photonic circuits. (presseportal.de)

We take the next step and realize a photon-photon interaction, which can enable some fascinating experiments. (nature.com)
Design experiments to observe how clouds change the photons behavior. (colorado.edu)
With about 200 employees and a construction budget of $300 million over seven years, his team will install insertion devices that produce the synchrotron light needed for experiments and the sophisticated instruments required to direct the photon beam to experimental stations called beamlines. (bnl.gov)
We present an input/output analysis of photon-correlation experiments whereby a quantum mechanically entangled bi-photon state interacts with a material sample placed in one arm of a Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) apparatus. (arxiv.org)

The basic difference with respect to earlier calculations, leading to diverging results, is that we use renormalized QED of quarks and photons. (mdpi.com)

The parametric interaction of light beams in nonlinear materials is usually thought to be too weak to be observed when the fields involved are at the single-photon level. (nature.com)
Here we use a high-efficiency nonlinear waveguide (WG) 10 , 11 to observe the sum-frequency generation (SFG) between a single photon and a single-photon level coherent state from two independent sources. (nature.com)
A photon from each of two pair sources S 1 and S 2 is sent over a distance to a nonlinear WG. (nature.com)
We achieve this through careful optimization of pair production efficiency as well as careful characterization and minimization of all sources of background photons, including Raman generation in the nonlinear fiber, Raman generation in the single-mode fiber, and leakage of pump photons. (nist.gov)
We cool the nonlinear fiber to 4 K to eliminate most of the Raman scattering, and we reduce other noise photons through careful system design. (nist.gov)
In a material with nonlinear properties, a photon can spontaneously split into two photons at high light intensity due to an optical effect. (presseportal.de)

If the photon pairs are initially entangled using time-bin encoding, the detection of the photon γ 5 on a basis that erases the 'which path' information about its creation time projects the pair γ 1 γ 4 in an entangled state. (nature.com)
Our goal is now to integrate all the functions needed for quantum communication, i.e. the generation, manipulation and detection of single and entangled photons, into just one chip," explains Dr. Thorsten Passow, project manager at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Solid State Physics IAF. (presseportal.de)
High-sensitivity blood-based detection of breast cancer by multi photon detection diagnostic proteomics. (nih.gov)
Ultrasensitive two-photon probes for rapid detection of ß-galactosidase during fruit softening and cellular senescence. (bvsalud.org)

Based on these data, the NIOSH investigators believe that a health hazard did exist from laser operations on the days of measurements at Photon Dynamics from exposure to respirable fused silica dust and ethyl acrylate. (cdc.gov)
Measurements with entangled photons may enable sensing biological signatures with high selectivity and at very low light levels to protect against photodamage. (nih.gov)
Usefulness of bone mass measurements by photon absorptiometry. (cdc.gov)

Quantum Imaging with Undetected Photons (QIUP) is a cutting edge, but not an entirely new, kind of imaging. (eurekalert.org)
We describe steps for wide-field imaging and two-photon simulation and ablation of neurons. (nih.gov)
In this article, we describe in detail Serial Two-Photon (STP) tomography, a robust, reliable method for imaging entire brains with histological detail. (frontiersin.org)
In this setup, two-photon imaging can also be combined with patch-clamp electrophysiological recordings. (lu.se)
Recent developments in Two-Photon imaging have been aimed at pushing back the depth limit of this exciting imaging technique. (nih.gov)
In addition, TNap-ßGal was successfully applied to two-photon imaging of endogenous ß-gal in both hDPMSCs and tissues of human dental pulp for the first time . (bvsalud.org)
In order for these new technologies to become more robust for neuroscience applications, it is necessary to improve upon the stability, reliability, and efficiency of two-photon voltage imaging. (nih.gov)
This multi-investigator effort proposes to advance two-photon voltage imaging to enable sustained tracking of population activity at timescales of animal behavior and learning. (nih.gov)

The seminar series' main goals are to stimulate scientific exchange within the photon science community at SLAC, and to make people aware of both the science that's underway using the SSRL and LCLS machines and the capabilities they offer. (stanford.edu)

Light can be seen as a stream of massless particles, called photons. (gloweindhoven.nl)
hence, the photon is predicted to be massless, and to have zero electric charge and integer spin. (sciforums.com)

The task uses a 1.3-watt laser "and some fancy optics" to beam those photons and retrieve them at the final location. (popsci.com)
The trick seems to be maintaining the photons' information, since the beam widens over space, but eventually teleportation of this sort could be used to beam information incredibly quickly up to satellites. (popsci.com)
Photon radiation is a strong radiation beam that goes completely through your body. (cancer.org)
External beam radiation is given most often as photon (x-ray) beams and less often as particle (proton, neutron) or electron beams (see below). (cancer.org)
Electron beams are also separate units of energy and can act like particle beams or can be converted into photon beam radiation. (cancer.org)

This has led to other collaborations with Dr Boukari of the Section on Cell Biophysics in quantifying photon behavior in the case of Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. (nih.gov)

The Clinical Center at the National Institutes of Health is investigating the potential use of a new generation of a computerized tomography (CT) scanner, called a photon-counting detector CT scanner, in a clinical setting. (nih.gov)

It has recently been shown that even weak optical nonlinearities between single photons can be used to perform important quantum communication tasks more efficiently than methods based on linear optics 2 , which have fundamental limitations 3 . (nature.com)
That meant we were able to reach the necessary conditions to observe this fundamental property of photons and prove that this odd phenomenon of squeezing really exists at the level of a single photon. (photonics.com)
The mirrors are so reflective that a photon, the fundamental quantum of light, enters the cavity and bounces back and forth between the mirrors hundreds of thousands of times before it escapes again through one of the mirrors. (caltech.edu)
The focus of "QuoAlA" is on fundamental research of AlGaAs-based photon sources and their epitaxial fabrication. (presseportal.de)

two years ago , Chinese physicists broke the then-current record for quantum teleportation by teleporting photons over 10 miles. (popsci.com)

Two different teams have shown, for the first time, that it's possible to create entangled pairs of photons and electrons using quantum dots. (ieee.org)
So how do you create entangled electron-photon pairs? (ieee.org)

Quantum dots (QDs) can provide the control necessary to "squeeze" individual photons - a feat previously considered impossible to observe. (photonics.com)
Laser light was used to excite individual quantum dots to create squeezed single photons in a quantum optics laboratory at the University of Cambridge. (photonics.com)

Photons behave in some ways like particles, little bits of stuff, and in other ways like waves. (payloadz.com)

Now the even lower energy of the photons makes tissue more optically transparent, though for activation of the fluorescent protein, three photons have to hit it simultaneously. (nih.gov)

Zopec Photons 100 Pro (10 hrs) is for Explore Oxygen. (senior.com)

Here we use a high-efficiency waveguide to demonstrate the sum-frequency generation between a single photon and a single-photon level coherent state. (nature.com)
This WG performs the sum-frequency generation (SFG) of photons γ 2 and γ 3 and outputs a photon γ 5 . (nature.com)
The correlation between frequency and polarization made the resulting photons difficult to work with-it wouldn't take much to disrupt their delicate quantum states. (ieee.org)

Photon may simultaneously run up to10 chasers.A vertical wheel controls intensity, color changer frames, and fade rate override. (compulite.com)

We send single photons through a birefringent double-slit apparatus and use a linear array of single-photon detectors to observe the developing interference pattern. (nist.gov)

Breaking through the above bottlenecks and further improving the polarization become a critical problem in developing high-performance chiral photon sources. (eurekalert.org)
Atac Imamoglu's group at the Institute of Quantum Electronics at ETH Zurich in Switzerland, opted instead to give the photons the same, anticlockwise circular polarization , which helped them distinguish the entangled photons from background laser light. (ieee.org)
In other words, if the polarization of the one photon is measured, for example, then that of the twin is also known automatically. (homelandsecuritynewswire.com)
However, the transient virtual photons of quantum electrodynamics may also adopt unphysical polarization states. (sciforums.com)

Photon is one of the elementary particles in quantum mechanics. (eurekalert.org)
These elementary particles now dance, just like the photons, over the façade of the Admirant. (gloweindhoven.nl)

The chiral photon source can in situ modulate the quantum state of light within the light source, which is beneficial for device integration and miniaturization. (eurekalert.org)
Therefore, the chiral photon source is considered an ideal light source in quantum technology. (eurekalert.org)
Identify what happens to light photons when they get to Earth and why the temperature of the earth and its atmosphere changes. (colorado.edu)
I suppose that for many photons most of received momentum is aligned so light sailing is possible. (physicsforums.com)
As photons are particles which are basic units of light, it means that light in a skyrmion-like structure can be used to create higher resolution images, or, using the nanometre (nm) sized features of the skyrmion, to measure things extremely precisely. (kcl.ac.uk)
The Photon Division currently has a construction budget of $85 million and more than 90 staff scientists and engineers who develop, implement and operate the scientific experimental programs at both light sources. (bnl.gov)
Energy in Photons Demonstration Kit shows "glow in the dark" evidence for the quantum nature of light. (flinnsci.com)
We now have this light (photon) shining in our hearts, but we ourselves are like fragile clay jars containing this great treasure. (payloadz.com)
All light is made of photons. (payloadz.com)
Light itself is part of the electromagnetic spectrum, which exhibits the whole known range of electromagnetic radiation, from radio and microwaves to gamma waves, including the visible part of that radiation we call light, the quanta of the EMS being the photon. (sciforums.com)

In terms of mathematical description, the photon echo is equal to the spin echo (solid-state physics) from which a term 'echo' was borrowed. (iupac.org)

In the case of neutral atomic hydrogen, the minimum ionization energy is equal to the Lyman limit, where the photon has enough energy to completely ionize the atom, resulting in a free proton and a free electron. (wikipedia.org)
To my knowledge, there have been few peer-reviewed studies that actually demonstrate that proton therapy is preferable over photon therapy for prostate cancer. (cancer.org)

These results are modeled by assuming the ETPA cross-section is governed by a two-photon excited state radiative linewidth rather than by electron-phonon interactions, and this leads to excitation spectra that match the observed results. (nih.gov)

But for that version of the approach to work on tissue, the excited photons need to penetrate deeply, and that's not possible for such high energy photons. (nih.gov)
That approach has made a big difference, but for deep tissue penetration the photons are still too high in energy. (nih.gov)
Photon beams can travel deep into the body to reach the tumor, but they can also damage healthy tissue in front of and behind the tumor. (cancer.org)

Critically, the SFG process will work only for γ 2 and γ 3 and not for two photons coming from the same source. (nature.com)
The central element here is the quantum source in which the photons are entangled," explains Dr. Erik Beckert of the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF in Jena, Germany. (homelandsecuritynewswire.com)
The solution: The quantum source distributes the entangled photons from a satellite. (homelandsecuritynewswire.com)
We demonstrate an all-fiber photon pair source with the highest coincidence-to-accidental ratio (CAR) reported to date in the fiber optic telecom C-band. (nist.gov)
Representation of the photon field in Profile with the Confocal Source on the left of the image. (nih.gov)

In this way a single photon confined in the cavity builds up an electric field strong enough to influence the motion of an atom and even to bind the atom in orbit within the cavity. (caltech.edu)

Here we present a temporally- and spatially-resolved measurement of the double-slit interference pattern using single photons. (nist.gov)
However, the interaction between single photons is negligible under most circumstances. (nature.com)
How directional is a single photon? (physicsforums.com)
Suggested for: How directional is a single photon? (physicsforums.com)
The red squiggles represent the single photons (wave packets) emitted by the quantum dot. (ieee.org)
Single photons will play an important role in quantum communication . (ieee.org)
In order to get indistinguishable single photons, which all have exactly the same color, we needed to find a way to suppress the noise," explains Kuhlmann. (ieee.org)
California Institute of Technology physics professor H. Jeff Kimble, his Caltech colleagues, and collaborators from New Zealand report in the February 25 issue of Science that they have succeeded in monitoring the motion of individual cesium atoms bound in orbit by single photons inside a high-quality optical resonator. (caltech.edu)
In the same sense, in our experiment the atom and the cavity field are bound together strongly by sharing a series of single photons. (caltech.edu)

The unification of the photon with W and Z gauge bosons in the electroweak interaction was accomplished by Sheldon Glashow , Abdus Salam and Steven Weinberg , for which they were awarded the 1979 Nobel Prize in physics. (sciforums.com)

Photon beams are the same type of radiation that is used during an x-ray (like a chest x-ray), but the beams are much stronger. (cancer.org)
The photon beams are invisible and cannot be felt when they are passing through the skin to reach the cancer. (cancer.org)
Particle beams can travel deep into the body like photon beams, but their energy only is released at a certain distance. (cancer.org)

Anyone out there who can describe the severity of the side effects of the Photon therapy? (cancer.org)

In the case of the photon, the displacement is in the electric and magnetic field. (sciforums.com)

Unlike the photon, these gauge bosons have mass , owing to a mechanism that breaks their SU(2) gauge symmetry . (sciforums.com)

Figure 5: One-photon versus two-photon activation strategies: from spines to circuits. (nature.com)

Photons have different energy, which is their defining characteristic more or less. (physicsforums.com)
Are photons energy? (sciforums.com)
Photons carry energy. (sciforums.com)
Photons carry electromagnetic energy, but what they are is a travelling displacement in these fields. (sciforums.com)
So two-photon strategies were developed, where it takes the sum of the energy of two simultaneous photons to hit the target in order to activate the fluorophore. (nih.gov)

Zopec Photons 60Pro (4-8 hrs) is designed for Explore 5500, 5700, 8000, 8200 and Zopec Voyage. (senior.com)
In this review, we'll explore the enchanting capabilities of the Photon Mono M5s and discover why, in my opinion, it reigns supreme amidst the competitive landscape of resin 3D printers. (mmorpg.com)

multi-joueurs hébergé sur le cloud de photon. (udemy.com)

Electrons have mass, photons do not have mass. (physicsforums.com)

I have the Photon 4G and was initially super-excited about the Q. Then I realized that they locked the SIM card so that you're stuck with the insane Sprint international roaming and kept virtually the same size battery and made it non-removable! (phonescoop.com)

they do occur with photon therapies, but they are typically manageable (I should know after 3 SBRT and 21 IMRT sessions). (cancer.org)

A photon may have a definite momentum direction (plane wave) bur when it passes thru a pinhole, the wave becomes spherical. (physicsforums.com)

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