ProteinsResiduesAnti-PhosphoserineThreonineIdentified phosphorylation sitesMitogen-activaDephosphorylationEstablished in vivoKinase activityKinasesPeptidesReversibleSerinesTranslocationRegulatesMotifProtein kinaseLipidInhibitorsPP2AEnzymesMiceLocalizationRegulationTumorVitroInhibitsPathwaysReducesNewlySitesExamined the roleActivityNuclearContrastSurvivalPromotesRoleInsightsStateLeadsResponseResultsCell cycle
Proteins15
- Blocking the interaction between PIF7 and 14-3-3 proteins or reducing the expression of 14-3-3 proteins accelerates shade-induced nuclear localization and de-phosphorylation of PIF7, and enhances the shade phenotype. (elifesciences.org)
- These studies demonstrate a phosphorylation-dependent translocation of PIF7 when plants are in shade and a novel mechanism involving 14-3-3 proteins, mediated by the retention of PIF7 in the cytoplasm that suppresses the shade response. (elifesciences.org)
- PML and several other proteins localizing in PML-nuclear bodies (PML-NB) contain phosphoSIMs (SUMO-interacting motifs), and phosphorylation of this motif plays a key role in their interaction with SUMO family proteins. (rcsb.org)
- Together, the results provide an atomic level description of how specific acetylation patterns within different SUMO family proteins can work together with phosphorylation of phosphoSIM's regions of target proteins to regulate binding specificity. (rcsb.org)
- In addition, using surface plasmon resonance technique we analyzed the direct consequences of hBAD phosphorylation by RAF with respect to complex formation of BAD with 14-3-3 proteins and Bcl-XL. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- This pore-forming capacity is dependent on phosphorylation status and interaction with 14-3-3 proteins. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- The post-translational modification of proteins by phosphorylation of serine, threonine or tyrosine residues is a ubiquitous process in cellular regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
- Protein kinases, the enzymes responsible for protein phosphorylation, make up almost 2% of protein-encoding genes in the human genome [ 1 ] and an estimated 30-50% of human proteins are phosphorylated [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- 1 Reversible protein phosphorylation is an important regulatory mechanism that controls the activities of a myriad of proteins and is thus involved in virtually every major physiological process. (ac.be)
- 4 While proteins can be phosphorylated on nine amino acids, serine, threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation are by far the most predominant in eukaryotic cells. (ac.be)
- Phosphoserine is a component of many proteins as the result of posttranslational modifications . (bionity.com)
- Because 14-3-3 proteins bind to specific phosphoserine-containing sequences they are likely to have an important role in signaling pathways mediated by serine/threonine protein kinases. (icbinhibitor.com)
- Multiple posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of histone proteins including site-specific phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues govern the accessibility of chromatin. (edu.sa)
- To test the potential role of parkin in modulating α-Synuclein post-translational modifications (i.e. ubiquitination and phosphorylation) and toxicity, we used lentiviral gene transfer animal models, which allow us to examine the in vivo effects of these proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
- The phosphorylation of IF proteins is normally of principal importance within their function, regulating set up, disassembly, and company and [7, 8]. (nefuri.com)
Residues6
- Phosphorylation of serine residues in this region regulates progression through the steps of gene transcription. (wikipedia.org)
- The crystal structures of SUMO1 bound to unphosphorylated and tetraphosphorylated PML-SIM peptides indicate that three phosphoserines directly contact specific positively charged residues of SUMO1. (rcsb.org)
- The method, named Predikin, identifies key conserved substrate-determining residues in the kinase catalytic domain that contact the substrate in the region of the phosphorylation site and so determine the sequence surrounding the phosphorylation site. (biomedcentral.com)
- Predikin now consists of two components: (i) PredikinDB, a database of phosphorylation sites that links substrates to kinase sequences and (ii) a Perl module, which provides methods to classify protein kinases, reliably identify substrate-determining residues, generate scoring matrices and score putative phosphorylation sites in query sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
- New features in Predikin include the use of SQL queries to PredikinDB to generate predictions, scoring of predictions, more reliable identification of substrate-determining residues and putative phosphorylation sites, extended options to handle protein kinase and substrate data and an improved web interface. (biomedcentral.com)
- Here the amino acid sequence surrounding site 2 has been determined and this phosphoserine shown to lie 19 residues C‐terminal to site 1 in the primary structure. (dundee.ac.uk)
Anti-Phosphoserine2
- Cells treated with calyculin A for 30 minutes can undergo significant threonine phosphorylation, as shown by western blotting using anti-Phosphoserine/threonine, cat. (ecmbio.com)
- 20. Kono S, Kuzuya H, Yamada K, Yoshimasa Y, Okamoto M, Nishimura H, Kosaki A, Inoue G, Hayashi T, Imura H. Preparation of anti-phosphoserine and anti-phosphothreonine antibodies and their application in the study of insulin- and EGF-induced phosphorylation. (wixsite.com)
Threonine3
- Cells treated with Calyculin A accumulate serine/threonine phosphorylation making them a strong positive control for phospho-threonine or phospho-serine specific antibodies. (abcam.com)
- 1997) demonstrated that phosphorylation of IF is vital for the right function of keratins, so when serine/threonine phosphatase activity is normally downregulated, cell Rabbit Polyclonal to ITGB4 (phospho-Tyr1510) junctions as well as the company of microfilament and IF set up are disrupted. (nefuri.com)
- The pseudophosphatase MK-STYX (mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphoserine/threonine/tyrosine-binding protein) has been implicated in the stress response pathway. (wm.edu)
Identified phosphorylation sites1
- To further analyze the regulation of hBAD function, we investigated the role of these newly identified phosphorylation sites on BAD-mediated apoptosis. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Mitogen-activa1
- We now provide evidence that two growth-regulated, nucleus- and cytoplasm-localized protein kinases, 90-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase), contribute to the serum-induced phosphorylation of c-Fos. (nih.gov)
Dephosphorylation3
- In a single experiment, inhibitors of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation ended up also included to the lysis buffer to stop adjustments in the phosphorylation status of the ATPase. (gpr44.com)
- Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of site 2 was rate‐limiting for dissociation and reassociation of C subunit. (dundee.ac.uk)
- Because G3BP-1 dephosphorylation at Ser149 induces stress granule assembly, we initially hypothesized that the inhibition of stress granules by MK-STYX was G3BP-1 phosphorylation-dependent. (wm.edu)
Established in vivo1
- Using mass spectrometry we identified in this work, besides the established in vivo phosphorylation sites at serines 75, 99 and 118, several novel hBAD phosphorylation sites (serines 25, 32/34, 97, 124 and 134, Chapter 3.1). (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Kinase activity2
- Evidence indicates 14-3-3 is required for Raf-1 kinase activity and phosphorylation amoung many other functions. (icbinhibitor.com)
- Finally, we searched for to look for the effect of preventing MAP kinase activity on the amount of K8 phosphorylation and degree of induced apoptosis. (nefuri.com)
Kinases2
- But advances in the understanding of protein phosphatases make now clear that these enzymes are precisely regulated and are as important as kinases in the regulation of cellular processes involving protein phosphorylation. (ac.be)
- The phosphorylation of the alcohol functional group in serine to produce phosphoserine is catalyzed by various types of kinases . (bionity.com)
Peptides2
- Cooperative phosphorylation at these sites by both enzymes was observed in vitro and reflected in vivo by the predominance of the peptide phosphorylated on both sites, as opposed to singly phosphorylated peptides. (nih.gov)
- Lacombe JM, Andriamanampisoa F, Pavia AA (1990) Solid-phase synthesis of peptides containing phosphoserine using phosphate tert. (springer.com)
Reversible1
- In conjunction with information presented in the following paper in this issue of this journal, the results substantiate the hypothesis that PP‐1 activity towards the glycogen‐metabolising enzymes is regulated in vivo by reversible phosphorylation of a targetting subunit (G) that directs the C subunit to glycogen-protein particles. (dundee.ac.uk)
Serines3
- We found that in contrast to the N-terminal phosphorylation sites, the C-terminal serines 124 and 134 act in an anti-apoptotic manner (Chapter 3.4). (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- For IκBα, the stimulus-induced phosphorylation at serines 32 and 36 renders the inhibitor a target for ubiquitination at lysines 21 and 22, resulting in degradation. (justia.com)
- Similarly, phosphorylation of IκBβ at serines 19 and 23 renders the inhibitor a target for ubiquitination at lysine 9. (justia.com)
Translocation1
- Activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB occurs following signal-induced phosphorylation of IκB, which leads to proteolysis via the ubiquitin pathway. (justia.com)
Regulates1
- However, the mechanism through which phosphorylation regulates the activity of PIF7 is unclear. (elifesciences.org)
Motif1
- Both SUMOylation and triple serine motif (TSM) phosphorylation of Olig2 are required for the antiapoptotic function. (climat2050.org)
Protein kinase1
- We recently reported that raised activity of the glycosylating enzyme core 2 β 1,6- N -acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GlcNAc-T) through protein kinase C (PKC)β2-dependent phosphorylation plays a fundamental role in increased leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and capillary occlusion in retinopathy. (diabetesjournals.org)
Lipid3
- These results indicate that the C-terminal part of hBAD controls hBAD function by structural transitions, lipid binding and phosphorylation. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- Thus, we investigated changes in P2X3 receptor distribution in the lipid raft membrane compartment, their phosphorylation state, as well as their function with patch clamping. (biomedcentral.com)
- Anantin application caused preferential P2X3 receptor redistribution to the lipid raft compartment and decreased P2X3 serine phosphorylation, two phenomena that were not interdependent. (biomedcentral.com)
Inhibitors1
- RAF-induced phosphorylation of hBAD was not prevented by MEK inhibitors but could be reduced to control levels by use of the RAF inhibitor Sorafenib (BAY 43-9006). (uni-wuerzburg.de)
PP2A2
- Bien que considérée dans le passé comme une enzyme constitutive non spécifique, PP2A est une phosphatase soumise à une régulation précise et qui est importante dans le contrôle des fonctions cellulaires impliquant la phosphorylation. (ac.be)
- Although viewed as a constitutive housekeeping enzyme in the past, PP2A is a highly regulated phosphatase and is emerging as an important regulator of multiple cellular processes involving protein phosphorylation. (ac.be)
Enzymes1
- The growth-regulated enzymes responsible for this phosphorylation in early G1 phase of the cell cycle and the sites of phosphorylation have not been identified. (nih.gov)
Mice1
- Meanwhile, hyperglycemia-induced phosphorylation of hepatic ERK1/2 and PPAR α was significantly attenuated in db/db mice treated with zopolrestat or AR shRNA. (hindawi.com)
Localization1
- Phosphorylation-resistant site mutations in PIF7 result in increased nuclear localization and shade-induced gene expression, and consequently augment hypocotyl elongation. (elifesciences.org)
Regulation1
- Collectively, our findings provide new insights into the regulation of hBAD function by phosphorylation and its role in cancer signaling. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Tumor2
- Furthermore, we identified hBAD serine 134 to be strongly involved in survival signaling in B-RAF-V600E containing tumor cells and found phosphorylation of this residue to be crucial for efficient proliferation in these cells. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- These effects of diabetic plasma on enzyme activity and cell adhesion, mediated by PKCβ2-dependent phosphorylation of the core 2 GlcNAc-T protein, were found to be triggered by increased plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. (diabetesjournals.org)
Vitro1
- The major phosphopeptides derived from biosynthetically labeled c-Fos correspond to phosphopeptides generated after phosphorylation of c-Fos in vitro with both RSK and MAP kinase. (nih.gov)
Inhibits1
- However, in the present study, using MK-STYX constructs and G3BP-1 phosphomimetic or nonphosphorylatable mutants, we show that MK-STYX inhibits stress granule formation independently of G3BP-1 phosphorylation at Ser149. (wm.edu)
Pathways2
- Tonic inhibition of P2X3 receptor activity by BNP/NPR-A/PKG pathways occurs via two distinct mechanisms: P2X3 serine phosphorylation and receptor redistribution to non-raft membrane compartments. (biomedcentral.com)
- Protein phosphorylation is involved in cell signaling pathways. (abbomax.com)
Reduces1
- In addition, PIP2 binds to polo-like kinase (PLK1) and reduces PLK1-mediated phosphorylation of MCAK. (biomedcentral.com)
Newly1
- This study suggests a role for nuclear RSK and MAP kinase in modulating newly synthesized c-Fos phosphorylation and downstream signaling. (nih.gov)
Sites6
- The phosphorylation sites identified for RSK (Ser-362) and MAP kinase (Ser-374) are in the transrepression domain. (nih.gov)
- Although much attention has been devoted to the identification of phosphorylation sites in murine BAD (mBAD), little data are available with respect to phosphorylation of human BAD (hBAD) protein. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
- We have utilized mass spectrometry of purified bovine papillomavirus E1 protein to identify and characterize new sites of phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
- Five new and two previously known phosphorylation sites were identified. (biomedcentral.com)
- A number of individual phosphorylation sites on BPV E1 have been identified by several groups, but no systematic effort to identify all of the phosphorylated amino acid positions of this protein has been undertaken. (biomedcentral.com)
- Here we report five previously unidentified phosphorylation sites and confirm two known sites, identified by a combination of mass spectrometry (MS) methods. (biomedcentral.com)
Examined the role1
- We examined the role that phosphorylation plays in the binding of the phosphoSIMs of PML and Daxx to SUMO1 at the atomic level. (rcsb.org)
Activity2
- At physiological ionic strength, phosphorylation of glycogen‐bound PP‐1 G was found to release all the phosphatase activity from glycogen. (dundee.ac.uk)
- Therefore, dual biomarkers of BChE activity and phosphorylation (OP-BChE) will be obtained simultaneously. (irpa2006europe.com)
Nuclear1
- Here, we show that shade light induces the de-phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of PIF7. (elifesciences.org)
Contrast1
- In contrast, phosphorylation of serine 99 in combination with 14-3-3 association suppresses formation of channels. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Survival1
- BAD (Bcl-2 antagonist of cell death, Bcl-2 associated death promoter) is a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 protein family that is regulated by phosphorylation in response to survival factors. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Promotes1
- Phosphorylation of hBAD by active RAF promotes 14-3-3 protein association, whereby the phosphoserine 99 represents the major binding site. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Role2
- A phosphate site map was created and used to develop a general model for the role of phosphorylation in E1 function. (biomedcentral.com)
- A BPV E1 phosphate map and a discussion of the possible role of phosphorylation in E1 function are presented. (biomedcentral.com)
Insights1
- Our observations provide new insights into the many functions of H3S10 phosphorylation. (edu.sa)
State1
- Phosphorylation state of the GLUT4 isoform of the glucose transporter in subfractions of the rat adipose cell: effects of insulin, adenosine, and isoproterenol. (wixsite.com)
Leads1
- Elevated phosphorylation of K8/18 total leads to increased solubilisation as well as the inhibition of subunit polymerisation [9]. (nefuri.com)
Response1
- Phosphorylation of the C terminus of c-Fos has been implicated in serum response element-mediated repression of c-fos transcription after its induction by serum growth factors. (nih.gov)
Results1
- Additionally, we show that the interaction of the C-terminal segment of hBAD with the BH3 domain results in the formation of permanently open pores, whereby the phosphorylation of serine 118 proved to be necessary for effective pore-formation. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Cell cycle1
- The accumulation of hTopBP1 on chromatin and its subsequent interaction with hRad9 lead to cell cycle arrest, a process mediated by Chk1 phosphorylation and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) activation. (biomedcentral.com)