• Heterozygous mutation of Trp53 decreases p53 and results in attenuated apoptosis and G1-S checkpoint control, allowing Brca1Delta11/Delta11 cells to proliferate. (nih.gov)
  • For example, PCa cells adjacent to nerves display increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis compared to cells away from nerves(12), indicating local microenvironmental influence on the cancer cells in this niche. (forumbcn2004.org)
  • Advantages (C-E). The altered metabolism of cancer cells is likely to imbue them with several proliferative and survival advantages, such as enabling cancer cells to execute the biosynthesis of macromolecules (C), to avoid apoptosis (D), and to engage in local metabolite-based paracrine and autocrine signaling (E). Potential Liabilities (F and G). This altered metabolism, however, may also confer several vulnerabilities on cancer cells. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • In addition, they play important roles in gene transcription (via activation of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways and, in higher eukaryotes, the transcription factor NFκB), generation of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and cell-cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Casticin, a natural polymethoxyflavone isolated from A. annua, V. trifolia, and V. agnus‑castus induces apoptosis in cancer cells by activating FoxO3a. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Conversely, FOXO3a overexpression suppresses cancer cell growth, induces apoptosis, and reduces tumor size by regulating downstream effectors ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • A successful therapy must therefore eliminate these cells known to be highly resistant to apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
  • The ability of the host to trigger apoptosis in infected cells is perhaps the most powerful tool by which viruses can be cleared from the host organism. (mdpi.com)
  • To avoid elimination by this mechanism, human papillomaviruses (HPV) have developed several mechanisms that enable the cells they infect to elude both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
  • In this manuscript, we review the current literature regarding how HPV-infected cells avoid apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms involved in these events. (mdpi.com)
  • Many of the current efforts regarding anti-cancer drug development are focused on directing tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
  • The amino-terminal peptide of Bax perturbs intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis to enhance apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. (osu.edu)
  • Our data indicate that plakoglobin promotes tumor cluster formation in IMPC and downregulates apoptosis in the cell clusters through activation of PI3K/Akt/Bcl-2 signaling. (jcancer.org)
  • Our previous studies have shown that the free fatty acid extract (FFAE) of krill oil inhibits the proliferation of both CRC and osteosarcoma cells, and induces the apoptosis of CRC cells [ 17 , 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We examined Vav3 small interfering RNA (siRNA) effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis in docetaxel-treated LNCaP cells under chronic hypoxia (LNCaPH). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We examined individual and combined effects of Vav3 siRNA (si-Vav3) and docetaxel on cell growth and apoptosis under chronic hypoxia by cell proliferation, flow cytometric, DNA fragmentation, and immunoblot analyses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To clarify the molecular basis of si-Vav3- and docetaxel-induced apoptosis, we analyzed alterations in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, extracellular signal-regulate kinase (ERK), c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and AR pathways using kinase inhibitors in LNCaPH cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition to increased B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) phosphorylation through JNK signaling in response to docetaxel, si-Vav3 enhanced docetaxel-induced apoptosis, as characterized by the accumulation of sub-G1 phase cells and DNA fragmentation, through Bcl-xL/Bcl-2-associated death promoter (Bad) dephosphorylation, resulting in increased caspase-9, caspase-3, and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interrupting Vav3 signaling enhances docetaxel-induced apoptosis in LNCaP cells under chronic hypoxia by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt, ERK, and AR signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tumor-associated B7-H1 promotes T-cell apoptosis: a potential mechanism of immune evasion. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Cell phone routine analyses suggest M-VCR-R is considered the most powerful mix in triggering reduction in G0/G1, G2/M arrest, overriding the spindle checkpoint resulting in elevated apoptosis currently-reliant manner (Figure 3B). (immune-source.com)
  • Low PDCD4 level was associated with reduced proliferation but not apoptosis or phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase caused by pulsatile shear stress to help maintain the homeostasis of endothelial cells. (plos.org)
  • Crypt hyperplasia in GCC-/- mice was associated with compensatory increases in cell migration and apoptosis. (jefferson.edu)
  • P19ARF can prevent the inactivation of p53, which induces cell growth arrest, senescence and apoptosis. (docksci.com)
  • Telomerase is excessively activated in most of tumors and is involved in the regulation of cell cycle proteins, such as p16Ink4a and p21WAF1, which induce epithelial cell apoptosis [7]. (docksci.com)
  • Role of PDL-1 in NSCLC chemoresistance was assessed using CRISPR/Cas9 knockdown and various functional assays including MTT, cell invasion, sphere formation, and cell apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Mechanistically, an upregulation of PDL-1 in chemotherapy-treated CAFs led to an increase in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) secretion, which stimulates cancer progression, cell invasion, and stemness of lung cancer cells, while inhibiting apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • The aberrant cell-cycle progression of HIV-1-infected kidney cells plays a major role in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated nephropathy, however the mechanisms whereby HIV-1 induces infected glomerular podocytes or infected tubular epithelium to exit quiescence are largely unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HIV-1 expression induces cyclin D 1 and phospho-pRb (Ser780) expression in infected podocytes, suggesting that HIV-1 activates cyclin D1-dependent cell-cycle mechanisms to promote proliferation of infected renal epithelium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Overexpression of Bax induces down-regulation of store-operated calcium entry in prostate cancer cells. (osu.edu)
  • Here we show that high-mobility group AT-hook 2 protein (HMGA2) induces DNA nicks at the transcription start site, which are required by the histone chaperone FACT complex to incorporate nucleosomes containing the histone variant H2A.X. Further, phosphorylation of H2A.X at S139 (γ-H2AX) is required for repair-mediated DNA demethylation and transcription activation. (nature.com)
  • Ample evidence shows that pro-atherosclerotic disturbed flow induces sustained activation of atherogenic genes in endothelial cells to promote their oxidation, inflammation, cell cycle progression and proliferation, whereas pulsatile shear stress tends to maintain endothelial cells in a quiescent and less proliferative state with a low level of oxidation and inflammation [16] , [17] . (plos.org)
  • The p53 protein regulates Brca1 transcription both in vitro and in vivo, and Brca1 participates in p53 accumulation after gamma-irradiation through regulation of its phosphorylation and Mdm2 expression. (nih.gov)
  • Knockdown of the predominant PI3-kinase isoform p110δ in c-Kit/D816V-expressing Ba/F3 cells led to reduced cell transformation both in vitro and in vivo without affecting the overall PI3-kinase activity. (ku.dk)
  • Emerging evidence suggests that cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation of tumor cells, have the properties of self-renewal, heterogeneous progeny, drug-resistance, and carcinogenesis in vitro and in vivo ( 4 , 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Nonetheless, several observations from in vitro and in vivo models of HIVAN pathogenesis suggest that HIV-1 expression itself may be a key pathogenic factor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Both in vitro and in vivo data showed overexpression of plakoglobin in both the cell membrane and the cytoplasm of IMPC clusters. (jcancer.org)
  • The researchers achieved this by overexpressing MGAT3-the enzyme responsible for bisecting GlcNAc formation, in vitro and in vivo . (vectorlabs.com)
  • Many of the ed either from external sources or excitation events are much closer in vitro and in vivo studies investi- through internal exposure as a re- together for low-energy charged par- gating the mechanisms underlying sult of ingestion, inhalation, dermal ticles, which are considered to be cancer risk from exposure to ionizing absorption, or injection of radionu- high-LET radiation. (who.int)
  • One in particular showed in ex vivo laboratory studies (done on human cells outside the body) anti-MCL cytotoxicity and inhibition of phosphorylation of BTK, which is part of a signaling cascade that triggers the malignant transformation of B lymphocyte cells into mantle cell lymphoma. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Furthermore, inhibition of the lipid kinase activity of PI3-kinase led only to a slight inhibition of cell survival. (ku.dk)
  • Furthermore, inhibition of ChoK shows a strong in vivo antitumor activity against human breast cancer xenografts. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In cancer progression, FOXO3a inhibition stimulates cell transformation and angiogenesis ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Interrupting Vav3 signaling using siRNA enhanced docetaxel-induced cell growth suppression compared with that induced by docetaxel alone by inhibition of Akt and ERK phosphorylation, resulting in AR phosphorylation inhibition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we show that reducing NKCC1 expression by RNA interference in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome (DS) restores intracellular chloride concentration, efficacy of GABA-mediated inhibition and neuronal network dynamics in vitro and ex vivo . (epiphanyasd.com)
  • 4 While proteins can be phosphorylated on nine amino acids, serine, threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation are by far the most predominant in eukaryotic cells. (ac.be)
  • Phosphorylation of serine 367 of FOXC2 by p38 regulates ZEB1 and breast cancer metastasis, without impacting primary tumor growth. (tamu.edu)
  • Work done using smooth muscle myosin and mammalian non-muscle myosin have demonstrated that phosphorylation of the RLC at conserved Serine and Threonine sites ( Figure 1B , Serine-19 and Threonine-18) activates myosin motor activity, enhances the affinity of myosin for actin, and promotes myosin filament assembly ( Heissler and Sellers, 2016 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • He found that, even in the presence of ample oxygen, cancer cells prefer to metabolize glucose by glycolysis, a seeming paradox as glycolysis, when compared to oxidative phosphorylation, is a less efficient pathway for producing ATP (Warburg, 1956). (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
  • STag is known to interact with host cell proteins, most notably protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and may activate the expression of cellular proteins associated with the cell cycle transition to S phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • These are believed to bind zinc in the SV40 STag and confer improved protein stability, but in Merkel cell polyomavirus STag, they have been reported to bind iron-sulfur clusters. (wikipedia.org)
  • This mutation is often accompanied by alterations in transformation-related protein 53 (Trp53, encoding p53), which substantially accelerates mammary tumor formation. (nih.gov)
  • The SOX 11 protein, which is expressed in up to 90 percent of mantle cell lymphoma patients, is an attractive target for therapy," said senior author Samir Parekh, MD, Professor of Medicine (Hematology and Medical Oncology), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. (scitechdaily.com)
  • By regulating filamentous actin, Cdc42 and Rac exert a profound effect on cell shape, polarity, migration, cell:cell and cell:matrix adhesion, protein traffic, and cytokinesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In mammalian cells, as many as twenty types of protein have been reported to bind to activated Cdc42 [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although viewed as a constitutive housekeeping enzyme in the past, PP2A is a highly regulated phosphatase and is emerging as an important regulator of multiple cellular processes involving protein phosphorylation. (ac.be)
  • 1 Reversible protein phosphorylation is an important regulatory mechanism that controls the activities of a myriad of proteins and is thus involved in virtually every major physiological process. (ac.be)
  • But advances in the understanding of protein phosphatases make now clear that these enzymes are precisely regulated and are as important as kinases in the regulation of cellular processes involving protein phosphorylation. (ac.be)
  • FoxO3a silencing resulted in decreased protein expression of FoxO3a, increased in vitro carcinogenesis and CSC characteristics, with no appreciable effects on AMPK and ACC phosphorylation, and displayed similar activities to those neutralizing the effects of casticin on in vitro carcinogenesis and CSC characteristics. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • HIV-1-infected podocytes showed markedly elevated cyclin D 1 mRNA and cyclin D 1 protein, the latter of which did not down-regulate during cell-cell contact or differentiation, suggesting post-transcriptional stabilization of cyclin D 1 protein levels by HIV-1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MUKHERJEE,A,B. "Cells in vivo and in vitro from osteopetrotic mice homozygous for c-src disruption show suppression of synthesis of osteopontin, a multifunctional extracellular matrix protein. (osu.edu)
  • We have previously shown that HMGA2-induced transcription requires phosphorylation of H2A.X at S139, which in turn is mediated by the protein kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) 10 . (nature.com)
  • Nucleus accumbens-associated protein-1 promotes glycolysis and survival of hypoxic tumor cells via the HDAC4-HIF-1 axis. (tamu.edu)
  • C-erbB-2/ HER-2 upregulates fascin, an actin-bundling protein associated with cell motility, in human breast cancer cell lines. (tamu.edu)
  • lation can be a preponderant regulatory mechanism of signal transduction cascades in eukaryotic cells that is catalyzed by kinases and reversed by protein phosphatases. (gabapathway.com)
  • Cell-fate-determinant molecule NUMB-interacting protein (TBC1D15) is overexpressed and contributes to p53 degradation in TICs. (nature.com)
  • Here, we show the association of Dbl with G protein betagamma subunits (Gbetagamma) in transient co-expression and cell-free systems. (embl.de)
  • The T361 and S362 residues of BRN2, both in the POU domain, are conserved throughout the POU protein family and are targets for phosphorylation, but their roles in vivo remain unknown. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Application of unidirectional pulsatile shear stress to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) decreased PDCD4 protein but not mRNA level. (plos.org)
  • In close agreement, induction of GCC signaling in mucosal sheets ex vivo and intestinal cells in vitro inhibited proliferation by activating cGMP-dependent protein kinase and delaying the cell cycle at the G1/S transition. (jefferson.edu)
  • It delivers the gene that encodes the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, to our cells. (epiphanyasd.com)
  • Our cells then transcribe this gene into messenger RNA, or mRNA, which in turn prompts our cellular machine to make the spike protein in the main body of the cell. (epiphanyasd.com)
  • Bmi-1 (B cell-specific Moloney leukemia virus integration site-1) was the first gene discovered in the polycomb protein family, and it plays an important role in cell immortalization and differentiation and embryonic stem cell development [1]. (docksci.com)
  • Adipocyte-derived factors involved in tumor progression include proteins such as adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-6, and ECM components that control tumor cell behavior within the tumor microenvironment. (jci.org)
  • Studies by Magnon et al(16) have shown that chemical or surgical ablation of nerves inhibits tumorigenesis and metastasis in both xenograft and transgenic mouse models of PCa, unequivocally establishing that nerve-PCa cell interactions play a significant role in PCa initiation and progression KCTD18 antibody but the molecular basis of these interactions is still unclear. (forumbcn2004.org)
  • These results demonstrate that ChoK plays an essential role in both normal human mammary epithelial cell proliferation and breast tumor progression. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. (hindawi.com)
  • In comparison to the two general alternative mechanisms utilized by known transforming viruses to promote cell-cycle progression, namely, by activating or bypassing endogenous D-type cyclins (herein, referred to as "cyclin D"), it has not been established whether HIV-1 gene products trigger either cyclin D-dependent or cyclin D-independent proliferation in non-lymphoid tissues [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although PDCD4 in general suppresses the development and progression of tumors, its specific biological functions differ by cell type [8] . (plos.org)
  • Metz H, Busch SE, Hanke ML, Kargl J, Kim KH and Houghton M (2014) Insulin receptor substrate-1 regulates immune cell content in lung adenocarcinoma. (scielo.br)
  • The nuclear receptor TR3 regulates mTORC1 signaling in lung cancer cells expressing wild-type p53. (tamu.edu)
  • Bmi-1 expression is also associated with the Hedgehog signaling pathway, which regulates of human mammary stem cell self-renewal [6]. (docksci.com)
  • In HeLa cells, PBF significantly attenuated the ATR-mediated phosphorylation of downstream DNA repair targets Chk1 and RPA32 in response to u.v. treatment. (unife.it)
  • Recently, signaling by GCC and its downstream effector, cyclic GMP (cGMP) has emerged as a principal regulator of proliferation in human colon cancer cells. (jefferson.edu)
  • Bmi-1 can also induce downstream expression of hTERT, which prevents cell aging and results in immortalization. (docksci.com)
  • Conclusions RET promotes transformation associated phenotypes, including perineural invasion in prostate cancer via activation of p70S6 kinase. (forumbcn2004.org)
  • Recently, we reported that targeted transgenic expression of PBF promotes genetic instability (GI) in vivo. (unife.it)
  • Hyperactivated FRS2-mediated signaling in prostate cancer cells promotes tumor angiogenesis and predicts poor clinical outcome of patients. (tamu.edu)
  • MicroRNA-21 promotes cell transformation by targeting the programmed cell death 4 gene. (tamu.edu)
  • Guanylyl cyclase C (GCC), the intestinal receptor for the paracrine hormones guanylin and uroguanylin whose early loss characterizes transformation, has emerged as a component of developmental programs organizing spatiotemporal patterning along the crypt-surface axis whose loss promotes tumorigenesis through hyperproliferation and genetic instability. (jefferson.edu)
  • Our results highlight the crucial role of ETP as an obesity-associated factor that promotes tumor growth in the context of adipocyte interactions with tumor and stromal cells. (jci.org)
  • PBF is a multifunctional proto-oncogene which is overexpressed in thyroid, pituitary and breast cancers, with roles in cell transformation, invasion and transporter regulation. (unife.it)
  • Estrogen regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression in ZR-75 breast cancer cells through interaction of estrogen receptor alpha and SP proteins. (tamu.edu)
  • Up-regulation of PD-L1, IDO, and T(regs) in the melanoma tumor microenvironment is driven by CD8(+) T cells. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • In oncogenic polyomaviruses, the tumor antigens are responsible for the transformation activity, although the exact molecular mechanisms vary from one virus to another. (wikipedia.org)
  • lt;div class="textblock">PI3-kinase has a crucial role in transformation mediated by the oncogenic c-Kit mutant D816V. (ku.dk)
  • Phosphorylation and ubiquitination of oncogenic mutants of beta-catenin containing substitutions at Asp32. (tamu.edu)
  • Here we identify TBC1D15-mediated oncogenic mechanisms and tested the tumorigenic roles of TBC1D15 in vivo. (nature.com)
  • Viral proteins therefore promote dysregulation of the cell cycle and entry into S phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • By contrast, PBF was not involved in the double-stranded break repair (DSBR) response to ionising radiation, with the phosphorylation of the key DSBR proteins γH2AX, NBS1, SMC1 and Chk2 unaffected by PBF levels in response to 10 Gy of IR. (unife.it)
  • This transformation has been shown to be the principle determinant for the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins ( 8 , 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • ABSTRACT MITF-M and PAX3 are proteins central to the establishment and transformation of the melanocyte lineage. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Although our emphasis on the Warburg effect reflects the focus of the field, we would also like to encourage a broader approach to the study of cancer metabolism that takes into account the contributions of all interconnected small molecule pathways of the cell. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • Disruption of DNA damage response pathways results in an accumulation of genetic mutations, gene amplifications and chromosome alterations, which are key initiating factors in cellular transformation and oncogenesis. (unife.it)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
  • To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
  • These observations raise the possibility that HIV-1 gene products may interact with mitogenic pathways in infected renal epithelium to cause aberrant cell-cycle engagement. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tumor cells rapidly change signal pathways to mediate drug resistance under drug exposure. (ijbs.com)
  • However, mutation of this binding site had little effect on the PI3-kinase activity in the cells, suggesting that c-Kit/D816V-mediated cell survival is dependent on PI3-kinase but not its kinase activity. (ku.dk)
  • PBF binds to the single strand DNA repair enzyme ATR, dysregulating its kinase activity and decreasing the phosphorylation of RPA and Chk1 following DNA damage. (unife.it)
  • An image depicting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro can be seen below. (medscape.com)
  • Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro (cell culture). (medscape.com)
  • We reported here that plakoglobin, as a key component in cell adhesion, can promote collective metastasis through facilitating IMPC clusters formation. (jcancer.org)
  • While at Hopkins his work on the role of cell surface glycosylation in tumor metastasis led to a subsequent staff position at the NIH (National Institute on Aging) where he focused on tumor angiogenesis. (umaryland.edu)
  • The MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was transfected with the vector, and cytotoxicity was tested by MTT assays. (docksci.com)
  • However, potentially erroneous characterization of cytotoxicity and cell proliferation can arise if verification of baseline interaction of test article with method employed is neglected. (cdc.gov)
  • Non-tumorigenic Beas-2B cells were treated with graded concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) for 24 and 48h prior to cytotoxicity and proliferation assessment with commonly used MTT, MTS, WST1, and Alamar Blue assays. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition to his research programs in angiogenesis and breast cancer biology he also directs the Advanced Cancer Biology course in the Molecular Medicine program and participates in clinical conferences for medical students in Cell and Molecular Biology. (umaryland.edu)
  • ETP augmented fibrosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation through recruitment of macrophages and endothelial cells. (jci.org)
  • Correction to: The androgen receptor-lncRNASAT1-AKT-p15 axis mediates androgen-induced cellular senescence in prostate cancer cells. (tamu.edu)
  • The androgen receptor-lncRNASAT1-AKT-p15 axis mediates androgen-induced cellular senescence in prostate cancer cells. (tamu.edu)
  • This study determines the effects of krill oil extract on the migration of human CRC cells, and its potential role in modulating EGFR signalling pathway and the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The programmed death-1 ligand 1:B7-1 pathway restrains diabetogenic effector T cells in vivo. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Expression of the mutants differentially affected insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS1, AKT, ERK, and STAT3. (scielo.br)
  • Also, our mutants induced proliferation, glucose uptake, inhibited the migration of 293T cells and affected the responsiveness of the cells to cisplatin and radiation. (scielo.br)
  • Here, combining the biochemical analysis of enzymatic and motile properties for purified myosin mutants with in vivo measurements of apical constriction for the same mutants, we show that in vivo constriction rate scales with myosin motor activity. (elifesciences.org)
  • In vivo, knockdown of RET inhibits tumor growth. (forumbcn2004.org)
  • A new class of drugs that inhibits a "master switch" involved in the vast majority of cases of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), a fatal subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, has been discovered by researchers at Mount Sinai. (scitechdaily.com)
  • However, whether casticin inhibits in vitro carcinogenesis and cancer stem cell (CSC) characteristics, and whether casticin activates FoxO3a in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells remain unclear. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • However, whether casticin inhibits in vitro carcinogenesis and CSC characteristics in the SCLC H446 cell line, and activates FoxO3a remains unclear. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • PKG inhibits TCF signaling in colon cancer cells by blocking beta-catenin expression and activating FOXO4. (tamu.edu)
  • Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is an important tumor suppressor in the development of various human cancers [1] and inhibits translation rather than transcription. (plos.org)
  • FOXO3a is considered an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor involved in various cellular processes, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair and tumor suppression ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • In the eukaryotic cell nucleus, chromatin is the physiological template of all DNA-dependent processes including transcription. (nature.com)
  • Altered expression of the p50 subunit of the NF-kappa B transcription factor complex in non-small cell lung carcinoma. (tamu.edu)
  • BRN2 is a POU domain transcription factor expressed in melanoma cell lines and is involved in proliferation and invasion, at least in part by regulating the expression of MITF-M and PAX3. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Overexpression of p110δ carrying the Y523F and S1038A mutations significantly reduced c-Kit/D816V-mediated cell survival and proliferation. (ku.dk)
  • The Vav family of Rho/Rac guanosine nucleotide exchange factors comprises three members in mammalian cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • SV40 and murine polyomavirus STags appear to have a role in promoting host cell expression of genes under the control of certain types of promoters. (wikipedia.org)
  • We have carried out expression microarray analysis of laser captured PCa reactive stroma (17) and shown that among the upregulated genes is glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). (forumbcn2004.org)
  • Because a decreased dependence on aerobic respiration becomes advantageous, cell metabolism is shifted toward glycolysis by the increased expression of glycolytic enzymes, glucose transporters, and inhibitors of mitochondrial metabolism. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • In addition, casticin dose‑dependently elevated the phosphorylation levels of AMPK and ACC, and reduced p‑FoxO3a expression. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Moreover, APE (2.6 and 5.2 g/kg) decreased the elevation of TGF‑β1, α‑SMA, collagen I and collagen III expression, inhibited Smad2/3 phosphorylation as well as elevated the expression of the TGF‑β1 inhibitor Smad7. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Metastatic spread is responsible for the majority of cancer-associated deaths and is affected by a variety of factors, including the deregulation of gene expression, signal transduction, and epigenetic modification, as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the transformation of tumor cells into stem/progenitor cells. (jcancer.org)
  • In some cancers, PD-L1 expression by tumor cells correlates with a good prognosis for the patient, whereas in glioblastoma many reports suggest that it is a bad prognostic marker. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • This divergent effect might be dependent on the glioma subclass, expression levels of PD-L1 and PD-L1 regulatory molecules, but most importantly on the cell type that express PD-L1 in the tumor microenvironment. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • Expression of the B7-related molecule B7-H1 by glioma cells: a potential mechanism of immune paralysis. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • We investigated whether atheroprotective unidirectional pulsatile shear stress affects the expression of PDCD4 in endothelial cells. (plos.org)
  • In that context, differentiated enterocytes in villi exhibit higher guanylin expression and ligand-dependent cGMP accumulation compared to proliferating progenitor cells in crypts. (jefferson.edu)
  • Published June 15, 2015 Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a targeted siRNA nano-delivery system to silence the expression of Bmi-1 and hTERT, and to verify the toxicity of this delivery system in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. (docksci.com)
  • Using mass spectrometry, the researchers first identified the types of GlcNAc expressed in normal cells and breast cancer cell lines, helping them assess the differential expression of bisecting GlcNAc in breast cancer cells. (vectorlabs.com)
  • Immunofluorescence assays then determined the correlated expression levels of GlcNAc and EGFR while also providing insight into their locations in breast cancer cells. (vectorlabs.com)
  • Lectin staining with PHA-E confirmed the suppressed expression of bisecting GlcNAc in breast cancer cells. (vectorlabs.com)
  • Silencing PDL-1 expression suppressed CAFs' ability to promote stem cell-like properties and invasiveness of lung cancer cells, favoring chemoresistance. (cdc.gov)
  • bronchoalveolar lavage cells from control and CBD subjects to evaluate the beryllium salt-specific production of endogenous IL-10 and the effects of exogenous human rIL-10 (rhIL-10) on HLA expression, on the production of IL-2, IFN- , and TNF- , and on T lymphocyte proliferation. (cdc.gov)
  • Our data demonstrate that beryllium-stimulated bronchoalveolar lavage cells produce IL-10, and the neutralization of endogenous IL-10 does not increase significantly cytokine production, HLA expression, or T lymphocyte pro- liferation. (cdc.gov)
  • When plakoglobin was knocked down in IMPC cell models, the tumor cell clusters were depolymerized. (jcancer.org)
  • We have previously reported a mouse model in which Brca1 exon 11 is eliminated in mammary epithelial cells through Cre-mediated excision. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we have investigated the role of ChoK in the development of breast cancer and found that ChoK is both necessary and sufficient for growth factor-induced proliferation in primary human mammary epithelial cells and an absolute requirement for the specific mitogenic response to heregulin in breast tumor-derived cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • These findings reveal a novel mechanism for regulating AMPK/FoxO3a signaling in response to casticin, suggesting a new strategy for SCLC therapy by targeting cancer stem‑like cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Using a human mammary epithelial cell line and three breast cancer cell lines, the ran mass spectrometry and identified 56 N-glycan structures in total. (vectorlabs.com)
  • Perineural invasion (PNI) is defined as the presence of cancer infiltration in, around and/or through the nerves (2) and is the result of reciprocal interactions between cancer cells and adjacent nerves(3). (forumbcn2004.org)
  • by contributing to sustained chronic inflammation as a result of modulating the immune cells so that the tumor microenvironment is activated by invasion of immune suppressive regulatory T cells, and/or by mediating the release of inflammatory mediators by immune cells with no anti-tumor activity. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • RET signaling activates ERK or AKT signaling depending on context, but phosphorylation of p70S6 kinase is markedly increased in all cases. (forumbcn2004.org)
  • Characterized by cell-surface molecules including CD103, CD69, and CD49a, T RM -like tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be found in a wide range of human cancers, where they portend improved prognosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Using a combination of chromatin biochemistry, computational modelling, atomic force microscopy (AFM), genetics, genomics and cell biology, Dr. Dalal and colleagues are investigating whether chromatin adopts alternate structural conformations in cancer cells, the functional consequences of large-scale chromosomal alterations upon the cancer epigenome, and identifying small molecules which can target these structures or processes. (elifesciences.org)
  • These clinical observations show that the interactions between nerves and PCa cells can have a YIL 781 significant impact on treatment outcomes in men with PCa which ultimately must be related to the underlying biology. (forumbcn2004.org)
  • He serves on the Editorial Boards of Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology and Genome Biology. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • However, various evidence shows cell signal changes are emerging as a vital contributor to drug resistance without generating new genetic modifications [ 6 - 8 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)
  • The virus is just the delivery system (vector) to get some genetic code into cells. (epiphanyasd.com)
  • Collectively, our results underline that the high activity of JNK/c-Jun-ATF2/Galectin-1 mediates cisplatin resistance in liver cancer and provides an optional scheme for dynamic monitoring of molecular activity in vivo . (ijbs.com)
  • Recent functional studies in vitro and correlative studies in vivo have shown significant interactions between nerves and adjacent cancer cells that promote cell survival, proliferation and migration of PCa cells (2,3,12). (forumbcn2004.org)
  • Invading cancer cells can utilize different modes of migration including single cell migration and collective migration. (jcancer.org)
  • Cell migration was determined by Boyden chamber migration assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We here demonstrated that casticin decreased sphere‑ and colony‑formation capabilities, and downregulated uPAR and CD133 in second‑generation spheres, which were considered as lung cancer stem‑like cells (LCSLCs), from SCLC H446 cells, in a concentration‑dependent manner. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Tumor-initiating stem-like cells (TICs) are defective in maintaining asymmetric cell division and responsible for tumor recurrence. (nature.com)
  • The stem cell population is maintained by asymmetric divisions in which one daughter cell commits to specific fate and the other maintains parental pluripotency. (nature.com)
  • Therapy breakdowns throughout or after principal management of DHL are rarely salvaged with R-Ice-cubes or R-DHAP as well as significant-dose car and BEAM stem-cell phone transplantation [16]. (immune-source.com)
  • Studies have shown that Bmi-1 is important for maintaining proliferation and selfrenewal of neural stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and cancer stem cells [3]. (docksci.com)
  • RESULTS: We demonstrated that chemotherapy-stimulated CAFs promoted tumorigenic and stem cell-like properties of NSCLC cells, which contribute to their chemoresistance. (cdc.gov)
  • CONCLUSION: Our results show that PDL-1-positive CAFs modulate stem cell-like properties of NSCLC cells by secreting elevated HGF, thereby promoting chemoresistance. (cdc.gov)
  • Mantle cell lymphoma represents approximately six percent of all cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the most common hematological malignancy worldwide. (scitechdaily.com)
  • From the relapsed and refractory establishing, salvage radiation treatment and car originate-cell transplantation outcomes are exceedingly weak for clients with MYC sickness (CORAL study: Team up Trial offer in Relapsed Competitive Lymphoma), where by 75Percent sufferers had Species of fish evidence of DHL. (immune-source.com)
  • In some polyomaviruses - such as the well-studied SV40, which natively infects monkeys - STag is unable to induce neoplastic transformation in the host cell on its own, but its presence may increase the transforming efficiency of LTag. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some, but not all, polyomaviruses are oncoviruses capable of inducing neoplastic transformation in some cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bien que considérée dans le passé comme une enzyme constitutive non spécifique, PP2A est une phosphatase soumise à une régulation précise et qui est importante dans le contrôle des fonctions cellulaires impliquant la phosphorylation. (ac.be)
  • Cancer can be considered a disease of immune dysfunction, with a failure of immune recognition leading to the outgrowth of malignant cells as tumors ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Crypt expansion reflected hyperplasia of the proliferating compartment with reciprocal increases in rapidly cycling progenitor cells and reductions in differentiated cells of the secretory lineage, including Paneth and goblet, but not enteroendocrine, cells. (jefferson.edu)
  • Adipocytes represent a major cell type in the mammary tumor microenvironment and are important for tumor growth. (jci.org)
  • The polyethyleneimine (PEI)/siRNA nano-condensate was synthesized using PEI and modified using an NGR peptide fragment for targeting to tumor cells. (docksci.com)
  • We furthermore demonstrate that p110δ is phosphorylated at residues Y524 and S1039 and that phosphorylation requires an intact binding site for PI3-kinase in c-Kit/D816V. (ku.dk)
  • To examine the role of this phosphorylation, we generated mutant BRN2 in which these two residues were replaced with alanines (BRN2TS→BRN2AA). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cancer Cell Metabolism. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • In this Essay, we re-examine the Warburg effect and establish a framework for understanding its contribution to the altered metabolism of cancer cells. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • It is hard to begin a discussion of cancer cell metabolism without first mentioning Otto Warburg. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • In this Essay, we discuss the possible drivers, advantages, and potential liabilities of the altered metabolism of cancer cells (Figure 1). (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • For example, an upregulated metabolism may result in the build up of toxic metabolites, including lactate and noncanonical nucleotides, which must be disposed of (F). Moreover, cancer cells may also exhibit a high energetic demand, for which they must either increase flux through normal ATP-generating processes, or else rely on an increased diversity of fuel sources (G). (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • One compelling idea to explain the Warburg effect is that the altered metabolism of cancer cells confers a selective advantage for survival and proliferation in the unique tumor microenvironment. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • Scientists working in basic, translational, and clinical cancer metabolism research are invited to join the Academy in New York on April 17th to discuss the intersection between cell signaling and metabolism. (nyas.org)
  • Cancer Cell Metabolism: Unique Features Inform New Therapeutic Opportunities. (nyas.org)
  • In contrast to normal cells, most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, even in the presence of oxygen, a less efficient metabolism compared to a low rate of glycolysis followed by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In SV40, STag has a similar role in cellular transformation. (wikipedia.org)
  • In Merkel cell polyomavirus, it appears to play a significant role in oncogenesis, a function performed primarily by LTag in other polyomaviruses. (wikipedia.org)
  • While a great deal of effort has focused on defining their role in immunity to infections, studies now reveal T RM cells as a vital component of the host immune response to cancer. (frontiersin.org)
  • Informed by studies in infectious disease models, and instructed by a clear role for T RM cells in autoimmunity, we will discuss strategies for therapeutically promoting T RM responses in settings where they don't naturally occur. (frontiersin.org)
  • While innate immune cells are important for early tumor immune surveillance, T cells are fundamentally recognized for their crucial role in the antigen-specific recognition and elimination of malignantly transformed cells ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Indeed a wealth of studies from humans and mouse models establishes a particularly potent role for CD8 T cells in controlling the outgrowth of malignancies ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • This suggests that p110δ has a lipid-kinase-independent role in c-Kit/D816V-mediated cell transformation. (ku.dk)
  • Taken together, our results demonstrate an important lipid-kinase-independent role of p110δ in c-Kit/D816V-mediated cell transformation. (ku.dk)
  • In this study, we investigated programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL-1) as a potential biomarker for CAF-induced chemoresistance and evaluated its role and the underlying mechanisms of chemoresistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (cdc.gov)
  • Because polyomavirus genome replication relies on the DNA replication machinery of the host cell, the cell must be in S phase (the part of the cell cycle in which the host cell's genome is normally replicated) in order to provide the necessary molecular machinery for viral DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • Yet, the mechanisms are largely unknown whereby HIV-1 subverts the cell-cycle controls that normally maintain renal epithelial in G 0 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Separately, deletion of GCC increased tumor growth by releasing a restriction on the cell cycle normally constraining epithelial cell proliferation. (jefferson.edu)
  • Forward and reverse co-immunoprecipitation assays confirmed specific interaction between ATR and PBF in HeLa cells, although the stringency of binding did not increase over time (0, 0.5, 1, 3, and 6 h) following u.v. induction of single strand breaks. (unife.it)
  • Such memory T cells were traditionally defined as being comprised of both central memory (T CM ) and effector memory (T EM ) subsets ( 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Issazadeh-Navikas S. Alerting the immune system via stromal cells is central to the prevention of tumor growth. (jscimedcentral.com)
  • En face co-immunostaining of the mouse aortic arch revealed a low level of PDCD4 in endothelial cells undergoing pulsatile shear stress. (plos.org)
  • However, the action of PDCD4 in endothelial cells is unclear. (plos.org)
  • Vascular endothelial cells, as a monolayer in direct contact with the flowing blood, bear the most of the wall shear stresses and have important homeostatic functions in response to stress [16] . (plos.org)
  • In vivo bioluminescence imaging showed the activity of JNK gradually increased during this process. (ijbs.com)
  • Although, the non-muscle myosin II holoenzyme (myosin) is a molecular motor that powers contraction of actin cytoskeleton networks, recent studies have questioned the importance of myosin motor activity cell and tissue shape changes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Overall, our data highlights that myosin activity is required for rapid cell contraction and tissue folding in developing Drosophila embryos. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, it has not been biochemically demonstrated that Drosophila myosin motor activity and filament assembly is regulated by RLC phosphorylation or whether the extent of activation is similar to that of mammalian systems. (elifesciences.org)
  • Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), a poorly differentiated and highly aggressive tumor, constitutes approximately 15% of all lung cancers ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Lung cancer is divided into two major groups: non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). (scielo.br)
  • Furthermore, PNI is associated with poor outcomes following radiation therapy(10,11), suggesting a pro-survival effect of PCa cell interactions with nerves. (forumbcn2004.org)
  • Structure and interactions of the human programmed cell death 1 receptor. (jscimedcentral.com)