AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
GangliosidesG(M3) GangliosideG(M1) GangliosideSerinePhosphorylationChromatography, Thin LayerG(M2) GangliosideTyrosineMolecular Sequence DataCell LineProtein-Serine-Threonine KinasesPhosphoproteinsGlycosphingolipidsProtein KinasesEnzyme ActivationOxidative PhosphorylationAmino Acid SequencePhosphoserineSialic AcidsThreonineCarbohydrate SequenceCells, CulturedProtein-Tyrosine KinasesProtein Kinase CNeuraminic AcidsNeuraminidaseProtein BindingCyclic AMP-Dependent Protein KinasesEnzyme InhibitorsSialyltransferasesKineticsPhosphopeptidesN-Acetylneuraminic AcidPhosphotyrosineProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktMitogen-Activated Protein KinasesBlotting, WesternMutationTransfectionBinding SitesPhosphothreonineSignal TransductionN-AcetylgalactosaminyltransferasesGlycolipidsPeptide MappingSulfoglycosphingolipidsCasein Kinase IIProtein Processing, Post-TranslationalCattlesrc-Family KinasesMitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1Recombinant ProteinsPhosphoprotein PhosphatasesProto-Oncogene ProteinsCell Line, TumorCell MembraneMitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3Intracellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsProtein Structure, TertiaryBrain ChemistryCalcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein KinasesPhosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesCalciumGlycogen Synthase Kinase 3Substrate SpecificityMAP Kinase Signaling SystemTumor Cells, CulturedSpectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom BombardmentMass SpectrometryCOS CellsHeLa CellsExtracellular Signal-Regulated MAP KinasesPrecipitin TestsImmunoblottingMutagenesis, Site-DirectedElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelDNA-Binding ProteinsImmunoprecipitationModels, BiologicalProteinsTime FactorsAdaptor Proteins, Signal TransducingCarbohydrate ConformationCerebrosidesMembrane ProteinsCyclic AMPApoptosisp38 Mitogen-Activated Protein KinasesCell Cycle ProteinsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsCeramidesCarrier ProteinsMyosin Light ChainsTetradecanoylphorbol AcetateOkadaic AcidAdenosine TriphosphateBrainFibroblastsCDC2 Protein KinaseProtein Transport
Tyrosine-phosphorylationOxidative phosphorylationInduces phosphorylationGlycosphingolipidsSphingolipidsGD1aProteinDepletionAxonalModulationP38MAPKHistoneNeurodegenerationStimulationGT1bMetabolicCellsAccumulatePatientsPathwayCentral nervouCell surfaceOxidativeTyrosineLipidDecreasesNeurite outgrowthSphingolipidsDeficiencyRaftAntibodiesProteinsTranslocationDownstreamPathologicalExpressionMiceCellularFunctionalEffectsActivationShowProcess
Tyrosine-phosphorylation6
  • Depletion of membrane cholesterol using methyl-beta-cyclodextrin substantially reduced co-clustering of CD25 with CD48 and HLA-DR, as well as the IL-2 stimulated tyrosine-phosphorylation of STATs (signal transducer and activator of transcription). (unideb.hu)
  • Adhesion-Mediated Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation. (biomedigs.org)
  • Altered adhesivity of U373MG cells to fibronectin by modulation of cell surface N-linked glycoconjugates is usually mediated by altered tyrosine phosphorylation of p125FAK (5). (biomedigs.org)
  • Immunologic and confocal microscopic evidence also suggested a transient but significant stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Cav-1 in β-cells briefly (for 15 min) exposed to IL-1β that was markedly attenuated by three structurally distinct inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphorylation. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Overexpression of an inactive mutant of Cav-1 lacking the tyrosine phosphorylation site (Y14F) or an siRNA-mediated Cav-1 knock down also resulted in marked attenuation of IL-1β-induced iNOS gene expression and NO release from these cells, thus further implicating Cav-1 in this signaling cascade. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Here we provide the first evidence to suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of Cav-1 and subsequent interaction among members of the Ras signaling pathway within the membrane lipid microdomains represent early signaling mechanisms of IL-1β in β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
Oxidative phosphorylation3
Induces phosphorylation1
Glycosphingolipids3
Sphingolipids2
  • Sphingolipids, including sphingomyelins, cerebrosides, and gangliosides, are commonly found in plant and animal membranes and are particularly abundant in tissues of the central nervous system. (cusabio.com)
  • Gangliosides are complex sphingolipids present in the brain. (msdmanuals.com)
GD1a5
  • We show that activation of Neu3 sialidase, also known as Neuraminidase-3, causing conversion of GD1a and GT1b to GM1 gangliosideM1 is an essential step in regeneration occurring in PNS (sensory) but not CNS (retinal) axons in adult rat. (jneurosci.org)
  • In PNS axons, axotomy activates Neu3 sialidase, increasing the ratio of GM1/GD1a and GM1/GT1b gangliosides immediately after injury in vitro and in vivo . (jneurosci.org)
  • Externally applied sialidase converted GD1a ganglioside to GM1 and rescued axon regeneration in CNS axons and in PNS axons after Neu3 sialidase blockade. (jneurosci.org)
  • The adult mammalian nervous system has four dominant types of gangliosides: GM1, GD1a, GD1b, and GT1b. (jneurosci.org)
  • IgG antibodies in opposition to gangliosides GM1 and GD1a are strongly related to motor axonal variants of Guillain-Barré syndrome, and anti-GQ1b with Miller Fisher syndrome. (aetox.com)
Protein2
Depletion1
  • The ML II mice have a total loss of acid hydrolase phosphorylation, which results in depletion of acid hydrolases in mesenchymal-derived cells. (wustl.edu)
Axonal1
  • In this paper, we examine Neu3 sialidase action on axonal gangliosides and resultant axon regeneration, and we assess whether these mechanisms help to explain the different regeneration capacities of CNS and PNS axons. (jneurosci.org)
Modulation1
P38MAPK1
  • Compound Porcine Cerebroside and Ganglioside Injection (CPCGI) Attenuates Sevoflurane-Induced Nerve Cell Injury by Regulating the Phosphorylation of p38 MAP Kinase (p38MAPK)/Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) Pathway. (nf-kappab.com)
Histone1
  • Kuzdere T, Flury V, Schalch T , Iesmantavicius V, Hess D, Bühler M. Differential phosphorylation of Clr4SUV39H by Cdk1 accompanies a histone H3 methylation switch that is essential for gametogenesis. (le.ac.uk)
Neurodegeneration1
  • We conclude that in spite of active mannose 6-phosphate-independent targeting pathways in the brain, there are cell types that require at least partial phosphorylation function to avoid lysosomal dysfunction and the associated neurodegeneration and behavioral impairments. (wustl.edu)
Stimulation1
  • Cell surface biotinylation after EGF (2 ng/mL) stimulation, EGF phosphorylation (Tyr-845), retromer and cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) levels and stability, EGF degradation pathways and cathepsin L and D levels were analysed by western blots. (ac.ir)
GT1b2
Metabolic2
  • Gangliosides and gangliosidoses: principles of molecular and metabolic pathogenesis. (bio-conferences.org)
  • A complex metabolic network consisting of enzymes catalyzing their synthesis, modification (phosphorylation, glycosylation) and breakdown regulates accumulation of sphingolipid species and thereby the sphingolipid pool at rheostat conditions, and this can undergo substantial changes in response to metabolic and external challenges. (encyclopedia.pub)
Cells1
Accumulate2
  • Both models accumulate the ganglioside GM2, but only ML II mice accumulate fucosylated glycans. (wustl.edu)
  • HIPK2 can accumulate RUNX1 and be NOTCH1 Phosphorylation of the RUNX1: oligomer cystathionine during nucleotides. (erik-mill.de)
Patients1
Pathway1
  • Ganglioside conversion by Neu3 sialidase further activates the ERK pathway. (jneurosci.org)
Central nervou1
  • These findings support the possibility that under pathological conditions, gangliosides serve as cytotoxic factors in the central nervous system (CNS). (biomedcentral.com)
Cell surface1
  • Compared with controls, a marked reduction in adhesion to fibronectin (20C40%) and increase (40C60%) in adhesion to laminin was observed in the two clones (S8 and S25) demonstrating comparatively high levels of ST6GalNAcV mRNA expression and cell surface 2,6-linked gangliosides (Fig. 4). (biomedigs.org)
Oxidative1
  • Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)
Tyrosine2
  • Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for human cytomegalovirus protein UL11 and mediates binding of UL11 to T-cells, leading to reduced induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple signaling proteins upon T-cell receptor stimulation and impaired T-cell proliferation. (cusabio.com)
  • Cav-1 overexpression facilitated the uptake of α-syn into neurons and formation of additional Lewy body-like inclusion bodies, phosphorylation of cav-1 at tyrosine 14 was found to be crucial for this process. (biomedcentral.com)
Lipid6
  • Our results suggest that ganglioside GM1 deficiency could compromise the neurotrophic effects and signals downstream of GDNF by altering the assembly of lipid raft membrane microdomains. (researchsquare.com)
  • Furthermore, components such as gangliosides in membranes and lipid rafts are known to play important roles in the adoption of pathways and the generation of discrete neurotoxic oligomers. (bvsalud.org)
  • Glycosphingolipids, including gangliosides, are representative lipid raft markers that perform a variety of physiological roles in cell membranes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Perilipin 5 S155 phosphorylation by PKA is required for the control of hepatic lipid metabolism and glycemic control. (uci.edu)
  • We detected phosphorylation on S155 and identified S155 as a functionally important site for lipid metabolism. (uci.edu)
  • FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)
Decreases2
  • In people over 60, the total amount of gangliosides in the substantia nigra of the midbrain decreases, and this reduction is most pronounced in GM1 and GD1a [ 4 ] . (researchsquare.com)
  • Stimulation of m1AChR in PC12M1 cells with carbachol or AF102B decreases tau phosphorylation as indicated by specific tau-1 mAb and alkaline phosphatase treatment. (inrae.fr)
Neurite outgrowth1
  • A protein was purified from bovine brain that induces neurite outgrowth at nM concentrations and stimulates the phosphorylation of proteins in the absence of Ca2+ or cAMP. (nih.gov)
Sphingolipids2
  • Furthermore, dual-color, single-molecule observations clearly showed that homodimers and clusters of GPI-anchored proteins were stabilized by transiently recruiting sphingolipids, including gangliosides, to form homodimer rafts and the cluster rafts, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
  • Gangliosides are complex sphingolipids present in the brain. (msdmanuals.com)
Deficiency2
  • In B4galnt1 knockout mice, mice with ganglioside GM1 deficiency show the characteristic symptoms of PD, such as reduced dopamine levels in the striatum, loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc, aggregation of α-synuclein, and motor dysfunction. (researchsquare.com)
  • All these results suggest that deficiency of endogenous ganglioside GM1 may be an initiator of the pathological process of PD and play an important role in it, but the specific mechanism is not clear. (researchsquare.com)
Raft2
  • In this review, we briefly summarize recent studies, the development of a variety of glycosphingolipid probes as well as the identification of the raft structures including gangliosides in living cells by single-molecule imaging. (bvsalud.org)
  • The raft marker, ganglioside GM1, is labeled with Alexa 488, while AKT is marked with Alexa 594. (ashpublications.org)
Antibodies4
  • Miller-Fisher syndrome is an autoimmune neuropathy characterized by ataxia, areflexia and ophthalmoplegia, and in the majority of cases the presence of high titres of anti-GQ1b ganglioside antibodies. (nih.gov)
  • These findings provide clear pathological evidence to support a role for anti-ganglioside antibodies in mediating nerve terminal injury and further advance the view that this site may be of importance as a target in some human neuropathies. (nih.gov)
  • Concanavalin A inhibits pathophysiological effects of anti-ganglioside GQ1b antibodies at the mouse neuromuscular synapse. (nih.gov)
  • Several antibodies recognize novel gangliosides. (nih.gov)
Proteins1
Translocation1
Downstream2
  • We found that PDMP treatment inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells induced by GDNF and reduced the phosphorylation of RET and its downstream signaling molecules Erk and Akt. (researchsquare.com)
  • Our SMAD4 epidermal level transports the M of a neutral phosphorylation to the Downstream cells identified from the flat sphingolipid-cholesterol of the bone gamma-H2AFX. (evakoch.com)
Pathological1
  • We are mapping and imaging the brain's and other organs lipidome (glycolipids, cerebrosides, sphingomyelin, gangliosides and cardiolipins) and proteome in health and in pathological conditions such as blast induced traumatic brain injury, as well as mapping and imaging the anatomical distribution and localization of drugs of abuse in the addicted brain. (nih.gov)
Expression5
  • The expression of the ganglioside synthesis-related genes B3galt4 and St3gal2 is conspicuously absent in PD patients, and the GM1 level is decreased in the substantia nigra, prefrontal cortex and various peripheral tissues [ 5 , 6 ] . (researchsquare.com)
  • Morphological changes observed in a somatic neurohybrid clonal cell line SB21B1 are accompanied by a 9 fold increase in the expression of mRNA sequences for tubulin 14 days following the addition of various brain gangliosides to the culture medium. (inrae.fr)
  • Upon removal of gangliosides, the expression of the tubulin message is restored to near basal levels. (inrae.fr)
  • This report documents for the first time, the involvement of gangliosides in the regulation of cellular gene expression for tubulin sequences by a mechanism which may be distinct from that of dibutyryl cyclic-AMP. (inrae.fr)
  • Expression of phosphorylation-defective PLIN5 S155A in Plin5 null cells resulted in decreased rates of lipolysis and triglyceride-derived fatty acid oxidation. (uci.edu)
Mice1
  • We sought to identify PKA phosphorylation sites in PLIN5 and assess their functional relevance in cultured cells and the livers of mice. (uci.edu)
Cellular1
  • RESULTS GM1 levels increase in TNF-treated human aortic ECs (HAECs) The amount and composition of gangliosides in cell membranes can change depending on cellular conditions, as for example it was shown for senescent HAECs with increased levels of ganglioside GM1 [17, 18, 27]. (biotech2012.org)
Functional1
  • Phosphorylation of Serine 366 in the regulatory domain of human La controls a functional pathway of tRNA maturation. (nih.gov)
Effects2
  • Prosaposin: Behaves as a myelinotrophic and neurotrophic factor, these effects are mediated by its G-protein-coupled receptors, GPR37 and GPR37L1, undergoing ligand-mediated internalization followed by ERK phosphorylation signaling. (nih.gov)
  • Ganglioside Treatment Partially Counteracts Neurotoxic Effects of Trimethyltin but May Itself Cause Neurotoxicity in Rats: Experimental Results and a Critical Review. (epa.gov)
Activation1
  • Ganglioside-Functionalized Nanoparticles for Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Activation at the Immunological Synapse. (bu.edu)
Show1
  • Here, using GM1, GM3, and GD3 ganglioside micelles as models, we show that the sugar distributions and cationic amino acids within Aß N-terminal region modulate oligomerization of Aß temporally, and dictate the stability and maturation of oligomers. (bvsalud.org)
Process1