• Mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 also known as c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK10 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, Fp -EV treatment markedly reduced the phosphorylation of these proteins Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), and regulated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). (biomedcentral.com)
  • p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase has been implicated in both skeletal muscle atrophy and hypertrophy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Insulin signaling affects multiple downstream pathways including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which controls growth, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), which stimulates the synthesis of lipid and cholesterol as well as the family of Forkhead (FOXO) transcription factors regulating metabolism and autophagy [ 9 ] [ 10 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The function of c Abl is dependent on its subcellular localization. (pkc-inhibitors.com)
  • It really is plausible which the subcellular localization of CAPN3 determines its particular mobile function, which mutations make a difference some of those features straight or indirectly (1). (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • To assess the role of NES2 in regulating ESE-1 subcellular localization and subsequent transformation potency, we site-specifically mutagenized NES2, within full-length GFP-ESE-1 and GFP-NES2-SAR reporter constructs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These data highlight that ESE-1 contains NLS and NES signals that play a critical role in regulating its subcellular localization and function, and that an intact SAR domain mediates MEC transformation exclusively in the cytoplasm, via a novel nontranscriptional mechanism, whereby the SAR motif is accessible for ligand and/or protein interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hexokinase (HXK) is the only plant enzyme that phosphorylates glucose (Glc), so it is key to fueling several metabolic pathways depending on their substrate specificity, metabolite regulatory responses and subcellular localization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • SUMOylation is a post-translational modification of proteins that has been found to play a major role in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. (frontiersin.org)
  • Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation, can regulate the function of proteins, determine the active state and subcellular location of proteins, and dynamically interact with other proteins related to carcinogenesis and progression ( 17 - 20 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Proteins associated with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway have been identified as SUMOylated substrates, and evidences suggested that the initiation and progression of cancers depended on the function of the SUMOylation ( 23 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Reversible phosphorylation of nuclear proteins is required for both DNA replication and entry into mitosis. (duke.edu)
  • In addition, proteins with the corresponding master regulatory pathways had been analyzed. (pkc-inhibitors.com)
  • In the present study, we examined potential contributory roles of membrane-associated, cholesterol-enriched lipid rafts/caveolae and their constituent proteins (e.g., caveolin-1 [Cav-1]) as potential sites for IL-1β−induced nitric oxide (NO) release in the isolated β-cell. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In the absence of Wnt ligands, β-catenin is degraded via a destruction complex (DC) consisting of two core tumor suppressors that serve as scaffold proteins (APC and Axin) and two kinases (glycogen synthase kinase-3 β [GSK3β] and casein kinase 1 [CK1]) ( 4 ). (rupress.org)
  • Recent studies on the involvement of the G12 family of heterotrimeric G proteins (Gα12 and Gα13, the products of the GNA12 and GNA13 genes, respectively) in oncogenic pathways have uncovered a link between G12. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The control of nuclear localization via phosphorylation and dephosphorylation serves as the primary regulatory mechanism for MiT family proteins, and several kinases and phosphatases have been identified to directly determine the transcriptional activities of MiT proteins. (molcells.org)
  • Recently, the signaling proteins involved in LPLI-induced proliferation merit special attention, some of which are regulated by mitochondrial signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recently, a large number of signaling proteins reported play an important key role in the process of LPLI-induced cell proliferation, probably due to the fact that the molecular events they are involved in are the basic response of the cells to extracellular stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Their N-terminal hydrophilic domains may interact with cytoskeletal proteins and therefore play a cell structural role. (tcdb.org)
  • 2007). These proteins are important for the regulation of intracellular pH (pH i ) and play crucial roles in the epithelial absorption of HCO 3 - (e.g., in the renal proximal tubule) and secretion of HCO 3 - (e.g., in the pancreatic duct). (tcdb.org)
  • The heterochromatin-enriched HP1 proteins play a critical role in regulation of transcription. (cipsm.de)
  • Plastid-specific ribosomal proteins (PSRPs) have been proposed to play roles in the light-dependent regulation of chloroplast translation. (cipsm.de)
  • Our observations suggest that the HXKs may be redundant proteins with specific roles depending on carbon and ATP availability, metabolic needs, or sensor requirements. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HIPKs belong to the CMGC group of serine/threonine kinases and are part of the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) family. (nature.com)
  • C-terminally adjacent to the HID follows a proline, glutamate, serine, and threonine (PEST)-rich domain, mediating proteasomal degradation of these kinases. (nature.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a putative serine/threonine kinase that localizes to the mitotic apparatus and complexes with cell cycle controller CDC2 kinase in early mitosis. (cancerindex.org)
  • The core of the Hippo pathway is composed of a kinase cascade that includes MST1/2 serine/threonine kinase (ortholog of Hpo in D. melanogaster ), WW45 scaffold protein (Sav), MOB (Mats) and LATS1/2 kinases (Wts). (oncotarget.com)
  • Separase proteolytic activity is tightly regulated by a number of inhibitory mechanisms combining Securin binding, JAK phosphorylation precise serine residue phosphorylation by CyclinB1 Cdk1, PP2A binding and autocatalytic cleavage. (pkc-inhibitors.com)
  • Five members of the Plk family have been discovered in humans and these serine/threonine kinases have emerged as key players by performing crucial functions in the cell cycle, DNA damage response and neuron biology [ 2 - 6 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • ESE-1 initiates transformation of MCF-12A cells via a non-transcriptional, cytoplasmic process that is mediated by a unique 40-amino acid serine and aspartic acid rich (SAR) subdomain, whereas, ESE-1's nuclear transcriptional property is required to maintain the transformed phenotype of MCF7, ZR-75-1 and T47D breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This has led to an improved understanding of the multilayered mechanisms of this pathway transduction proceeds as well as the molecular mechanism regulating this pathway ( 28 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Drosophila has been a powerful system for deciphering the conserved mechanisms that regulate hormone signaling, sugar and lipid homeostasis, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the nutritional regulation of development. (sdbonline.org)
  • This gene encodes a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, which cycle between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states and function as molecular switches in signal transduction cascades. (cancerindex.org)
  • To further explore these altered molecular pathways, minimal spanning tree (MST) analysis was applied, leading to the formulation of metabolic biomarker hypotheses for OC liquid biopsy. (stanford.edu)
  • Targeted therapies exploit molecular vulnerabilities unique to cancer cells and typically alter cellular signaling pathways to inhibit tumorigenic growth and promote cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, an improved understanding of the molecular signaling pathways modulated by targeted therapies is critical to enhancing the efficacy of these agents. (biomedcentral.com)
  • IKKβ kinase activity was determined using a cell IKKβ kinase activity spectrophotometry quantitative detection kit and a molecular docking study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The BiP molecular chaperone plays multiple roles during the biogenesis of torsinA, an AAA+ ATPase associated with the neurological disease early-onset torsion dystonia. (academictree.org)
  • Molecular Pathways Affected by CR" Encyclopedia , https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/12449 (accessed November 29, 2023). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The main molecular pathways affected by CR include mTOR, insulin signaling, AMPK, and sirtuins. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • It may also provide new insights into the molecular pathways that go awry in common forms of conditions such as obesity and diabetes, which represent major public health concerns [ 8 , 9 ]. (springer.com)
  • DAMPs, damage-associated tissues and the molecular target structures and pathways. (cdc.gov)
  • Based on our identified miRNA-regulated molecular machinery, an inhibitor of PDK1/Akt BX-912, an anthracycline antibiotic daunorubicin, and a multi-targeted protein kinase inhibitor midostaurin were discovered as potential repositioning drugs for treating lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • Homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs) belong to the CMGC kinase family and are closely related to dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs). (nature.com)
  • For the class II DYRK ortholog from D. melanogaster it was demonstrated that the critical tyrosine is cis -auto-phosphorylated by the nascent kinase in a transitory intermediate state during maturation at the ribosome 3 . (nature.com)
  • Lyn, a tyrosine kinase that is activated by double-stranded DNA-damaging agents, is involved in various signaling pathways, such as proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA repair. (bmbreports.org)
  • The Abelson non receptor tyrosine kinase gene was initial recognized as the mammalian homolog from the oncogenic gene products from the Abelson murine leukemia virus. (pkc-inhibitors.com)
  • Because its discovery, the c Abl family of tyrosine kinases, which includes c Abl and Abl relevant gene , has been shown to be very conserved across species and possesses been implicated in the wide number of cellular HER2 mutation processes including regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, regulation on the cell cycle, and apoptotic cell cycle arrest response to pressure. (pkc-inhibitors.com)
  • Immunologic and confocal microscopic evidence also suggested a transient but significant stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Cav-1 in β-cells briefly (for 15 min) exposed to IL-1β that was markedly attenuated by three structurally distinct inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphorylation. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Overexpression of an inactive mutant of Cav-1 lacking the tyrosine phosphorylation site (Y14F) or an siRNA-mediated Cav-1 knock down also resulted in marked attenuation of IL-1β-induced iNOS gene expression and NO release from these cells, thus further implicating Cav-1 in this signaling cascade. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Here we provide the first evidence to suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of Cav-1 and subsequent interaction among members of the Ras signaling pathway within the membrane lipid microdomains represent early signaling mechanisms of IL-1β in β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met), a member of tyrosine protein kinase receptors (TPKR), is phosphorylated during LPLI-induced proliferation, but tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) receptor has not been affected. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It was observed that CDK8-CycC positively regulates transcription activated by Mad (Mothers against dpp) , the primary transcription factor downstream of the Dpp/TGFβ signaling pathway . (sdbonline.org)
  • Despite its importance, our understanding of Dvl regulation and how it propagates downstream signals has remained limited. (rupress.org)
  • The p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are downstream effectors of the Rho family small GTPases as well as a wide variety of mitogenic factors and have been implicated in cancer formation, development and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Activated TPKR could activate its downstream signaling elements, like Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt/eIF4E, PI3K/Akt/eNOS and PLC-gamma/PKC pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. (wikipedia.org)
  • This suggests the possibility that strictly regulated self-renewal mediated by Wnt signaling in cancer cells may be disturbed by the SUMOylation pathway to allow more malignant proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Downregulation of Herg1 suppresses osteosarcoma proliferation and invasion by targeting Hippo signaling pathway]. (cancerindex.org)
  • The Hippo kinase pathway is emerging as a conserved signaling pathway that controls cell proliferation, apoptosis, contact inhibition, cell migration, cell differentiation, stem cell self-renewal, genetic stability, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (oncotarget.com)
  • Chlamydia trachomatis manipulates host cellular pathways to ensure its proliferation and survival. (duke.edu)
  • Studies from a number of laboratories in the past decade have revealed that the central pathways deregulated in cancer often serve to coordinately regulate both classic oncogenic signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation and cell survival with pathways controlling cell metabolism. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In addition, compared to the mono-treatment, combination of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition with anti-mitotic or DNA damaging agents boosts more severe mitotic defects, effectually triggers apoptosis and strongly inhibits proliferation of cancer cells with functional p53. (oncotarget.com)
  • Several critical signaling pathways control cellular proliferation, migration, and polarization. (rupress.org)
  • Low power laser irradiation (LPLI) promotes proliferation of multiple cells, which (especially red and near infrared light) is mainly through the activation of mitochondrial respiratory chain and the initiation of cellular signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Other two pathways, ΔΨm/ATP/cAMP/JNK/AP-1 and ROS/Src, are also involved in LPLI-induced proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HIPKs are regulators of various signaling pathways and involved in the pathology of cancer, chronic fibrosis, diabetes, and multiple neurodegenerative diseases. (nature.com)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 can phosphorylate, and inhibit the activity of this kinase, which may be important in preventing neuronal apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The eIF2α kinases phosphorylate Ser51 of eIF2α which leads to suppression of global protein synthesis but selective enhancement of translation of some mRNAs, such as that encoding ATF4. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The kinases phosphorylate β-catenin, leading to its ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. (rupress.org)
  • Furthermore, the Wnt/β-catenin can crosstalk with other signaling pathways including Notch, FGF, Hedgehog, and TGF-β/BMP signaling cascades to form a signaling network to regulate the survival and progression of cancer cells ( 14 - 16 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)
  • Since glucocorticoids are essential for life, other cellular signaling pathways strongly regulate GR actions in many different ways, such as physical interaction via their effector transcription factors and epigenetic modifications including phosphorylation and acetylation. (brainimmune.com)
  • Furthermore, a genome-wide RNAi screen for genes that regulate cellular clock functions in human cells identified the insulin signaling pathway as the most overrepresented pathway [ 15 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a delicate and complex signal transduction pathway mediated by multiple signaling molecules, which plays a significant role in regulating human physiology and pathology. (frontiersin.org)
  • Hence PKC enzymes play important roles in several signal transduction cascades. (pkc-inhibitors.com)
  • The resulting micropeptides have been shown to participate in N6-methyladenosine modification, tumor angiogenesis, cancer metabolism, and signal transduction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MW) chemicals interact with host cells and molecules and In our daily life, we are confronted with a plethora of natural influence biologic processes such as signal transduction. (cdc.gov)
  • FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)
  • The ISR (Fig. 1 ) is a complex signaling pathway that regulates cellular responses to stress stimuli and enables either adaptation or the instigation of cell death mechanisms [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) integrated with PCR array data showed that the JAK1/STAT3 pathway was significantly altered in cells overexpressing DEFB1, suggesting this to be one of the pathways by which defensin regulates IAV replication in HBEpCs. (cdc.gov)
  • Studies have shown that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway controls cell fate and function through the transcriptional and post-translational regulation of omics networks. (frontiersin.org)
  • Therefore, precise regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling as a cancer-targeting strategy may contribute to the treatment of some malignancies. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we review the complex regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by SUMOylation and discuss the potential targets of SUMOylation therapy. (frontiersin.org)
  • The N-terminal region of the protein binds CDC2 to form a complex showing reduced H1 histone kinase activity, indicating a role as a negative regulator of CDC2/cyclin A. In addition, the C-terminal kinase domain binds to its own N-terminal region, suggesting potential negative regulation through interference with complex formation via intramolecular binding. (cancerindex.org)
  • The phosphorylation of the sodium-hydrogen exchanger regulatory factor-1 (NHERF-1) plays a key role in the regulation of renal phosphate transport by parathyroid hormone (PTH) and dopamine. (duke.edu)
  • The Cdk5-AMT signal pathway involved in regulation of DDR by TIGAR defines a new role of TIGAR in cancer cell survival and it suggests that TIGAR may be a therapeutic target for cancers. (nature.com)
  • AE1 and NBCe1), and (iii) may provide sites for regulation of transporter function via protein kinase A phosphorylation (e.g. (tcdb.org)
  • DNA methylation and histone modifications play a central role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and cell differentiation. (cipsm.de)
  • Activation of the core cascade leads to phosphorylation of YAP [ 4 - 6 ] (Yki in flies) and TAZ [ 7 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Furthermore, ATL induced apoptosis by activating the cytochrome c (cyt c)/caspase cascade signaling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Free circulating insulin activates insulin receptors on the surface of target cells eliciting a signaling cascade initiated by the activation of insulin receptor substrates (IRS 1-4) followed by phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), which manages metabolic response including PDK1 and Akt stimulation by phosphorylation. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The data demonstrate that the level of phosphorylation of Akt (pS473) decreases when phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity is inhibited by the treatment of Jurkat cells with Wortmannin. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Induction of canonical autophagy is mainly controlled by the AKT/mTOR and AMPK signaling pathways and relies on the activation and assembly of two macromolecular complexes, the ATG1/ULK1 and the Class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) complex (Figure 1 ) [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Nuclear import of Cdk/cyclin complexes: identification of distinct mechanisms for import of Cdk2/cyclin E and Cdc2/cyclin B1. (duke.edu)
  • These resistance mechanisms frequently involve reinstatement of ERK1/2 signalling and BRAFi are now deployed in combination with one of three approved MEK1/2 inhibitors (MEKi) to provide more durable, but still transient, clinical responses. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • In different immune cell types, each MiT family member is shown to play distinct or redundant roles and we expect that there is far more to learn about their functions and regulatory mechanisms in host defense and inflammatory responses. (molcells.org)
  • Dr. Otto Warburg first described, more than 80 years ago, that a fundamental biochemical difference between tumor cells and their normal counterparts was that tumor cells rely on aerobic glycolysis for ATP generation, unlike most normal differentiated cells of the body, which use mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Homeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs) are an evolutionarily conserved kinase family comprising the members HIPK1, HIPK2, and HIPK3 in vertebrates, and, additionally, HIPK4 in mammals. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, by adding various kinase inhibitors, we confirmed that the phosphorylation status of rpS3 was regulated by both Lyn and doxorubicin, and the phosphorylation of rpS3 by Lyn increased drug resistance in cells by upregulating p-glycoprotein translation. (bmbreports.org)
  • This has led to the development of a range of ERK1/2 inhibitors (ERKi) that either inhibit kinase catalytic activity (catERKi) or additionally prevent the activating pT-E-pY dual phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by MEK1/2 (dual-mechanism or dmERKi). (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, inhibitors to ERK1/2 (ERK1/2i) have also been developed to counteract ERK1/2 signalling. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Control of cyclin B1 localization through regulated binding of the nuclear export factor CRM1. (duke.edu)
  • Activation of the Cyclin B/Cdc2 kinase complex triggers entry into mitosis in all eukaryotic cells. (duke.edu)
  • Consequently, most cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)/cyclin complexes are localized to the nucleus when active. (duke.edu)
  • Dysregulation of CDK8 (Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8) and its regulatory partner CycC (Cyclin C) , two subunits of the conserved Mediator (MED) complex, have been linked to diverse human diseases such as cancer. (sdbonline.org)
  • The co-transcriptional regulatory binding site on the lipins is a conserved LxxIL motif, which is distinct from the active site. (aocs.org)
  • However, recent studies have suggested that BRAFi/MEKi and ERK1/2i resistance can arise through activation of a parallel signalling pathway leading to activation of ERK5, an unusual protein kinase that contains both a kinase domain and a transcriptional transactivation domain. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • While previous publications have established ESE-1's transcription factor function, we have reported that ESE-1 initiates transformation of MECs via a novel non-nuclear, non-transcriptional mechanism [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. (wikipedia.org)
  • Herein, we demonstrated that rpS3 and Lyn interact with each other, and the phosphorylation of rpS3 by Lyn, causing ribosome heterogeneity, upregulates the translation of p-glycoprotein, which is a gene product of multidrug resistance gene 1. (bmbreports.org)
  • Furthermore, this analyses confirmed the positive roles of CDK9 and Yorkie in regulating Mad-dependent gene expression in vivo. (sdbonline.org)
  • In this study, we aim to leverage these metabolic changes as potential biomarkers for assessing ovarian cancer.A functional module-based approach was utilized to identify key gene expression pathways that distinguish different stages of ovarian cancer (OC) within a tissue biopsy cohort. (stanford.edu)
  • Elucidating the function of the mutated gene, ALMS1 , is critical for the development of specific treatments and may uncover pathways relevant to a range of other disorders including common forms of obesity and type 2 diabetes. (springer.com)
  • Here we report that antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and other ligands for the nuclear receptor PPARγ dramatically upregulate oxidized LDL receptor 1 (OLR1) in adipocytes by facilitating the exchange of coactivators for corepressors on the OLR1 gene in cultured mouse adipocytes. (jci.org)
  • Previous study revealed that the protective effect of TIGAR in cell survival is mediated through the increase in PPP (pentose phosphate pathway) flux. (nature.com)
  • These functions are important for maintaining cellular homeostasis and are regulated through several pathways. (bmbreports.org)
  • Together, our results reveal that ITCH pro-tumorigenic functions in breast cancer are mediated, at least in part, through inactivation of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway. (oncotarget.com)
  • These diverse actions of glucocorticoids are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily and functions as a hormone-dependent transcription factor. (brainimmune.com)
  • Methylations on nucleosomal histones play fundamental roles in regulating eukaryotic transcription. (bvsalud.org)
  • Axin recruitment to the PM represents a key step in β-catenin stabilization, which ultimately leads to β-catenin nuclear translocation to act as a coactivator of transcription with T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor (TCF/LEF) at Wnt target genes. (rupress.org)
  • In a PCR array analysis of 84 transcription factors, either overexpressing DEFB1 or siRNA silencing of DEFB1 expression significantly modulated the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). (cdc.gov)
  • Phosphorylation of these oncoproteins leads to a complex formation between YAP or TAZ and 14-3-3 or to their β-TRCP-dependent proteasomal degradation [ 6 , 8 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • ATL exerts its anti-tumor effects in human GBM cells at least in part via NF-κB/COX-2-mediated signaling cascades by inhibiting IKKβ kinase activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, inactive p53 is not associated with a susceptible cytotoxicity of Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition and could rather foster the induction of polyploidy/aneuploidy in surviving cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • This suggests that DNA replication following escape from G1 arrest in drug is more error prone and provides a potential explanation for the DNA damage observed under long-term RAF-MEK-ERK1/2 pathway inhibition. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Lee SL, Thomas P , Fenech M. Extracellular amyloid beta 42 causes necrosis, inhibition of nuclear division, and mitotic disruption under both folate deficient and folate replete conditions as measured by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay. (academictree.org)
  • Within this pathway, Dishevelled interprets and propagates signals from 19 Wnts engaging 10 Frizzled (Fzd) receptors/co-receptors embedded in the plasma membrane (PM). For years, interest in how Dishevelled receives, interprets, and relays this information has been immense. (rupress.org)
  • Protein phosphorylation of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) is central to the myriad of functions that these ubiquitous receptors perform in biology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Members of the family of nuclear receptors, the three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ take part in the modulation of these pathways. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Abnormal activation of this pathway plays an essential role in chemoradiotherapy resistance ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Plk1, the most thoroughly characterized member among the mammalian Plks, has multiple important roles in mitosis and cytokinesis, such as centrosome maturation, bipolar spindle formation, kinetochore-microtubule dynamics, activation of the anaphase promoting complex, chromosome segregation and execution of cytokinesis [ 3 , 4 , 13 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Distinct cellular stresses cause the phosphorylation and activation the eIF2α kinases PERK, PKR, GCN2 and HRI. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We recently reported that the activation of H-Ras represents one of the signaling steps underlying the interleukin-1β (IL-1β)−mediated metabolic dysfunction of the islet β-cell. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Among them, the sirtuin, AMP-activated protein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, p53, and insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathways are most widely studied. (frontiersin.org)
  • Lipins are cytosolic phosphatidate phosphatases (PAPs) involved in the glycerolipid biosynthesis pathway. (aocs.org)
  • p53 represses the promoter of Polo-like kinase 1, whereas Polo-like kinase 1 inhibits p53 and its family members p63 and p73 in cancer cells lacking functional p53. (oncotarget.com)
  • We sought to identify PKA phosphorylation sites in PLIN5 and assess their functional relevance in cultured cells and the livers of mice. (uci.edu)
  • Developments in next-generation sequencing and advances in bioinformatics have revealed novel insights into the roles and functions of lncRNAs, including their potential to encode functional micropeptides [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • and they play roles in human genetic diseases, with functional disorders causing diseases. (tcdb.org)
  • To map the minimal functional nuclear localization (NLS) and nuclear export (NES) signals, we fused in-frame putative NLS and NES motifs between GFP and the SAR domain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Beta-arrestin 2, a receptor-regulated MAP kinase scaffold protein, is found to interact with, and stimulate the phosphorylation of this kinase by MAP kinase kinase 4 (MKK4). (wikipedia.org)
  • The emergence of these findings, suggesting a direct control of cellular metabolism by tumorigenic pathways, has helped fuel explosive growth in this area of cancer research. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Perilipin 5 S155 phosphorylation by PKA is required for the control of hepatic lipid metabolism and glycemic control. (uci.edu)
  • We detected phosphorylation on S155 and identified S155 as a functionally important site for lipid metabolism. (uci.edu)
  • The adipocyte is the major site of fatty acid storage in the body and plays a critical role in maintaining normal glucose and lipid homeostasis. (jci.org)
  • Abnormally activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in promoting malignant tumor occurrence, development, recurrence, and metastasis, particularly in cancer stem cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this regard, restoration of p53 in tumor cells with loss or mutation of p53 will reinforce the cytotoxicity of combined Polo-like kinase 1 therapy and provide a proficient strategy for combating relapse and metastasis of cancer. (oncotarget.com)
  • NM23-H1 (also known as NME1) was the first identified metastasis suppressor, which displays a nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) and histidine protein kinase activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We herein demonstrated that CADM1 interacts with Hippo pathway core kinases and enhances the phosphorylation of YAP1, and also that the membranous co-expression of CADM1 and LATS2 predicts a favorable prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. (cancerindex.org)
  • The Hippo kinase pathway is emerging as a conserved signaling pathway that is essential for organ growth and tumorigenesis. (oncotarget.com)
  • Recent reports based on proteomic studies have identified many SUMOylated substrates that play important roles in the development and progression of cancer. (frontiersin.org)
  • Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones secreted from the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex, and play numerous important roles in the maintenance of internal homeostasis by influencing activities of virtually all organs and tissues, such as the brain, liver, skeletal muscles and the immune-related organs and cells [1]. (brainimmune.com)
  • Increasing evidence has indicated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play various important roles in the development of cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, our results uncover a regulatory mechanism for histone demethylations by JMJs. (bvsalud.org)
  • Light alters histone methylation in plants via nuclear α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. (bvsalud.org)
  • To activate canonical signaling, Wnt ligands bind to a Fzd receptor/co-receptor complex to initiate signaling at the PM. This Wnt/receptor complex recruits Dvl to Fzd where Dvl serves as a binding partner for Axin. (rupress.org)
  • Since the discovery of Polo kinase in Drosophila in 1988 [ 1 ], the Polo-like kinase (Plk) family has been attracting enormous attention, both in academia and in pharmaceutical industry. (oncotarget.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • In this review, we address the intertwined relationship of these two key molecules by fighting each other as eternal rivals in many signaling pathways. (oncotarget.com)
  • Further analysis of two overlapping deficiency lines and mutant alleles led to identification of genetic interactions between the CDK8-CycC pair and the components of the Decapentaplegic (Dpp, the Drosophila homolog of TGFβ, or Transforming Growth Factor-β) signaling pathway. (sdbonline.org)
  • The integrated stress response is a signaling pathway activated in cancer cells in response to both dysregulated growth and metabolism, and also following exposure to many therapies that appears one such targetable pathway for improved treatment of these diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Altered expression of the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway in ovarian cancer: metabolic biomarkers and biological implications. (stanford.edu)
  • Emerging evidence has shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from gut bacteria play a crucial role in microbiota-host interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Polo-like kinase 1, a pivotal regulator of mitosis and cytokinesis, is highly expressed in a broad spectrum of tumors and its expression correlates often with poor prognosis, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. (oncotarget.com)
  • Due to the significance of impaired autophagy in these diseases, there is increased interest in studying pathways and targets involved in maintaining efficient autophagic functions as potential therapeutic targets. (hindawi.com)
  • This review summarizes current information regarding the reported roles of lncRNA-encoded micropeptides in cancer, and explores the potential clinical value of these micropeptides in the development of anti-cancer drugs and prognostic tumor biomarkers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Signaling is initiated when the Wnt ligand binds to the Frizzled receptor on the cell membrane and the LDL receptor-associated protein 5/6 (LRP5/6) co-receptor. (frontiersin.org)
  • Pathogenic Signal Sequence Mutations in Progranulin Disrupt SRP Interactions Required for mRNA Stability. (academictree.org)
  • Furthermore, the deleterious aftereffect of missense mutations can occur not merely from immediate disruption of CAPN3 function(s), but additionally from disruption from the protein's structural integrity, that could affect its intra or intermolecular protein lead and interactions to decreased stability or altered localization. (exposed-skin-care.net)
  • Phosphorylation-dependent scaffolding role of JSAP1/JIP3 in the ASK1-JNK signaling pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ribosomal protein S3 is a protein component of the ribosome, which is a cellular structure that plays a central role in protein synthesis. (bmbreports.org)
  • Hence, rpS3 may play a major role in B-cell growth and differentiation and be associated with acute myeloid leukemia along with PML. (bmbreports.org)
  • The Abl loved ones of kinases has been proven to perform a significant role in neuronal growth and the latest studies have shown that c Abl, precisely, may perhaps be an important player in neurodegenerative conditions. (pkc-inhibitors.com)
  • However, it remains unexplored if TIGAR plays an important role in DNA damage and repair. (nature.com)
  • We have previously reported that TIGAR plays a pro-survival role in cancer cells through increase PPP flux 19 . (nature.com)
  • Here, we provide an overview of the ISR and the role the various ISR pathway components play in hematologic malignancies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We also conclude that XXT5 plays a dominant role in the synthesis of XXXG-type XyGs, while XXT3 and XXT4 complementarily contribute their activities in a tissue-specific manner. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is well established that inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) play a major regulatory role in the selective destruction of insulin-producing β-cells, resulting in the onset of type 1 diabetes ( 1 - 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The periodontal ligament (PDL), connective tissue located between the cementum of teeth and alveolar bone of the mandibula, plays an important role in the maintenance and regeneration of periodontal tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The circadian rhythm plays a chief role in the adaptation of all bodily processes to internal and environmental changes on the daily basis. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In conclusion, the reduction in IAV copy number in DEFB1 overexpressing cells suggests that beta-defensin-1 plays a key role in regulating IAV survival through STAT3 and is a potential target for antiviral drug development. (cdc.gov)