Phosphorylates the retinoblastoma cdc2 protein kinase. Medical search. Frequent questions

phosphorylation of these proteins leads to cell cycle progression. (wikipedia.org)
Cdk1 phosphorylation also leads to the activation of the ubiquitin-protein ligase APCCdc20, an activation which allows for chromatid segregation and, furthermore, degradation of M-phase cyclins. (wikipedia.org)
this phosphorylation is thought to alter ATP orientation, preventing efficient kinase activity. (wikipedia.org)
instead of attempting to predict individual phosphorylation sites, we search for proteins that contain high densities of strong and weak consensus matches that are closely spaced in the primary amino acid sequence. (biomedcentral.com)
v-Jun overrides the mitogen dependence of S-phase entry by deregulating retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation and E2F-pocket protein interactions as a consequence of enhanced cyclin E-cdk2 catalytic activity. (ox.ac.uk)
In particular, hormonal activation of a conditional v-Jun-estrogen receptor fusion protein in quiescent, growth factor-deprived cells stimulates cyclin E-cdk2 activity and triggers Rb phosphorylation and DNA synthesis. (ox.ac.uk)
This kinase was shown to be responsible for the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma gene product (Rb). (ayassbioscience.com)
To map the mechanisms of aggressiveness we aimed to investigate changes in protein phosphorylation across WHO grades of human meningiomas. (nature.com)
CVT-313 treatment reduced cdk2-mediated phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) on T821, but did not affect cyclin D-cdk4/6-mediated Rb phosphorylation on S807/811. (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)
The retinoblastoma protein (RB1), a regulator of cell proliferation, is functionally inactivated in HCC by CYCLIN D/E-mediated phosphorylation. (bvsalud.org)
Cyclin-dependent kinase 3 (CDK3) is a major player driving retinoblastoma (Rb) phosphorylation during the G0/G1 transition and in the early G1 phase of the cell cycle, preceding the effects of CDK4/cyclin D, CDK6/cyclin D, and CDK2/cyclin E. CDK3 can also directly regulate the activity of E2 factor (E2F) by skipping the role of Rb in late G1, potentially via the phosphorylation of the E2F1 partner DP1. (bvsalud.org)
Each stage of the cell cycle is profiled by distinct protein complexes and phosphorylation events. (janechin.net)
It is a signal transducing adaptor protein that undergoes tyrosine PHOSPHORYLATION in signaling pathways that regulate CELL MIGRATION and CELL PROLIFERATION. (ucdenver.edu)
The mammalian genome comprises nuclear DNA (nDNA) derived from both parents and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that is maternally inherited and encodes essential proteins required for oxidative phosphorylation. (regenerativemedicine.net)

however, when phosphorylated by Cln3-Cdk1, Whi5 is ejected from the nucleus, allowing for transcription of the G1/S regulon, which includes the G1/S cyclins Cln1,2. (wikipedia.org)
A relatively well understood example is the network that controls progression of the cell cycle, where cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) couple with various cyclins over the cell cycle to regulate critical processes [ 2 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
CDK1 is also called Cell division control protein 2 (Cdc2) or p34 protein kinase, and is regulated by cyclins A, B, and E. The CDK1/cyclin A complex controls G2 phase entry and progression while the CDK1/cyclin B complex is critical for G2 to M phase transition. (umbc.edu)
The activity of this kinase is restricted to the G1-S phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits D-type cyclins and CDK inhibitor p16(INK4a). (ayassbioscience.com)
Mutations in this gene as well as in its related proteins including D-type cyclins, p16(INK4a) and Rb were all found to be associated with tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers. (ayassbioscience.com)
Here, we review new progress in the control of cyclin D-dependent cancer cell cycle and proliferation, along with identification of novel E3 ligase for the stability of cyclin D. Cullin4-RING E3 ligase (CRL4)AMBRA1 complex plays a critical role in regulating D-type cyclins through their protein destabilization to control S phase entry and maintain genomic integrity. (bvsalud.org)
Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. (novusbio.com)
This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. (lookformedical.com)

Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 also known as CDK1 or cell division cycle protein 2 homolog is a highly conserved protein that functions as a serine/threonine protein kinase, and is a key player in cell cycle regulation. (wikipedia.org)
Catalytic domain of Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase 1-like Serine/Threonine Kinases. (umbc.edu)
STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. (umbc.edu)
Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinases, Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase 2 and 3. (umbc.edu)
Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Cyclin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CDK2) and CDK3 subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. (umbc.edu)
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), are members of the serine-threonine protein kinase family and are responsible for taking control of cell cycle regulation in eukaryotic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β) signals through a serine/threonine-kinase receptor pathway. (janechin.net)

CDK2 is regulated by cyclin E or cyclin A. Upon activation by cyclin E, it phosphorylates the retinoblastoma (pRb) protein which activates E2F mediated transcription and allows cells to move into S phase. (umbc.edu)
We show that v-Jun enables cells to express cyclin A and cyclin A-cdk2 kinase activity in the absence of growth factors and that deregulation of cdk2 is required for S-phase entry. (ox.ac.uk)
This is the first report, however, that cyclin E-cdk2, rather than D-cyclin-cdk, is likely to be the critical Rb kinase target of v-Jun. (ox.ac.uk)
The kinase complex is able to phosphorylate CDK2 and CDC2 kinases, thus functions as a CDK-activating kinase (CAK). (novusbio.com)

It is inhibited by Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKI). (biomedcentral.com)
Cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors have the potential to induce growth arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. (omecamtivmecarbilactivator.com)
However, we have shown that inhibition of CDK4/6 upregulates protein levels of RB1 and CDK6 for acquisition of drug resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors. (bvsalud.org)
Recent studies have shown that cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors can have a tremendous impact on cell cycle progression in plants. (uni-bielefeld.de)
In animals, CDK inhibitors are tightly regulated, especially by posttranslational mechanisms of which control of nuclear access and regulation of protein turnover are particularly important. (uni-bielefeld.de)
In recent years, cell cycle regulators have been shown to exhibit roles in both tumor suppression and tumor promotion, particularly cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKI) p27 kip1 and p21 cip1 14 . (biorxiv.org)

We show that it is possible to predict proteins that are likely to be targets of CDKs in S. cerevisiae by searching for proteins that contain clustered matches to the CDK consensus. (biomedcentral.com)

Cdk1-cyclin complexes are also governed by direct binding of Cdk inhibitor proteins (CKIs). (wikipedia.org)
however, v-Jun overrides this control, causing phosphorylated Rb and proliferation-specific E2F-p107 complexes to persist after mitogen withdrawal. (ox.ac.uk)
Ser/Thr-kinase component of cyclin D-CDK4 (DC) complexes that phosphorylate and inhibit members of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein family including RB1 and regulate the cell-cycle during G(1)/S transition. (ayassbioscience.com)
This cyclin and its kinase partner are components of TFIIH, as well as RNA polymerase II protein complexes. (novusbio.com)
The 48 kDa subunit, RETINOBLASTOMA-BINDING PROTEIN 4, is also a component of several other protein complexes involved in chromatin remodeling. (lookformedical.com)
It is found as a subunit of protein complexes that are in involved in the enzymatic modification of histones including the Mi2 and Sin3 histone deacetylase complexes and the polycomb repressive complex 2. (lookformedical.com)

Factors mandating cellular consequence include cell surface-receptors, cytoplasmic proteins, and nuclear proteins. (janechin.net)

The recent findings advance our knowledge for the prevention of the premature activation of the major oncogenic pathways including MYC and the cyclin D-cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) axis. (bvsalud.org)
We also summarize the strategy for inhibition of the cyclin D-associated kinases CDK4/6 and other potential cell cycle regulators for targeting cancer with altered cyclin D expression. (bvsalud.org)

It is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression. (ayassbioscience.com)
Although initially discovered as a retinoblastoma binding protein it has an affinity for core HISTONES and is a subunit of chromatin assembly factor-1 and polycomb repressive complex 2. (lookformedical.com)

It has been highly studied in the budding yeast S. cerevisiae, and the fission yeast S. pombe, where it is encoded by genes cdc28 and cdc2, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
We also show that human CDK targets are enriched for proteins that contain clustered consensus matches and, by searching human cell cycle genes, we predict several putative CDK targets, including the human orthologs of Schizosaccharomyces pombe CDC5 (CDC5L) and S. cerevisiae Cdc20p (CDC20). (biomedcentral.com)
This domain occurred 412 times on human genes ( 934 proteins). (umbc.edu)
Briefly, miRNAs are expected to account for 1-5% of the human genome and to interfere with at least 30% of the protein-coding genes ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
This domain occurred 379 times on human genes ( 874 proteins). (umbc.edu)

The CDK1 subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. (umbc.edu)
Growth factors that signal through tyrosine-kinase receptor families include the epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming-growth factor-α (TGF-α). (janechin.net)
Functional proteomics identifies protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B as a target of RhoA signaling. (ucdenver.edu)

CDK3 is regulated by cyclin C and it phosphorylates pRB specifically during the G0/G1 transition. (umbc.edu)

Wee1, conserved among all eukaryotes phosphorylates Tyr15, whereas members of the Cdc25 family are phosphatases, counteracting this activity. (wikipedia.org)
In eukaryotes, the entry into mitosis is regulated by the activation of CDC2/Cyclin B1 complex (M-phase promoting factor, MPF). (biomedcentral.com)
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential organelle responsible for protein synthesis, folding, post-translational modification of proteins and protein trafficking in eukaryotes ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes. (lookformedical.com)

This protein is highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28 and S. pombe cdc2. (ayassbioscience.com)

Crk-associated substrate p130(Cas) interacts with nephrocystin and both proteins localize to cell-cell contacts of polarized epithelial cells. (ucdenver.edu)

Putative target residues can be predicted by searching for matches to the consensus for a particular kinase. (biomedcentral.com)
The PCM is an ordered lattice that anchors a large number of microtubule (MT)-associated proteins, many of which bear putative coiled-coil domains, a tertiary structure known to facilitate protein-protein interactions [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Cell cycle progression is governed by a complex network of cyclin-dependent kinases that define not only the phase of the cell cycle, but also the timing of transitions between phases 13 . (biorxiv.org)

Cdk1 is a small protein (approximately 34 kilodaltons), and is highly conserved. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, human CDK1 is capable of rescuing fission yeast carrying a cdc2 mutation. (wikipedia.org)
Cdk1 is comprised mostly by the bare protein kinase motif, which other protein kinases share. (wikipedia.org)
Cdk1, like other kinases, contains a cleft in which ATP fits. (wikipedia.org)
In addition to this catalytic core, Cdk1, like other cyclin-dependent kinases, contains a T-loop, which, in the absence of an interacting cyclin, prevents substrate binding to the Cdk1 active site. (wikipedia.org)
Cdk1 also contains a PSTAIRE helix, which, upon cyclin binding, moves and rearranges the active site, facilitating Cdk1 kinase activities. (wikipedia.org)
This may be due to compensation provided by CDK1 (also called Cdc2), which can also bind cyclin E and drive the G1 to S phase transition. (umbc.edu)

Retroviral vectors expressing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) against CDC2 caused efficient deletion of CDC2, cellular G2/M arrest concluding in apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation in human glioma cells U251 and SHG-44 cell lines ex vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
The effects of POP inhibition and knockdown on the proliferation of cultured human estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) MCF7 and T47D, and ER-negative (ER-) MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines and the MCF12A non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line were tested by analyzing their influence on cell proliferation (WST-1 assay), cell viability (trypan blue exclusion assay), and cell cycle arrest (cell cycle analysis, cell cycle regulator proteins expression). (cancerindex.org)
Various physiological and pathological conditions such as glucose starvation, inhibition of protein glycosylation and oxidative stress may cause an accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to the unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy. (spandidos-publications.com)

Protein kinases are critical to cellular signalling and post-translational gene regulation, but their biological substrates are difficult to identify. (biomedcentral.com)

Real-Time PCR was used to determine the level of CDC2 mRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
Activated and released IRE1α acts as an RNase to initiate transcription of XBP1 mRNA and it becomes a transcriptional activator for unfolded protein response (UPR) gene targets, such as BiP and calreticulin ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Consistent with this, mRNA and protein levels of the invadopodia key components, cortactin and MT1-MMP, peak at 14 hours post-release. (biorxiv.org)

NEK6 belongs to the never in mitosis A (NIMA)-related kinases family and is a mitogen/threonine kinase with 313 amino acids. (hindawi.com)

This degradation is mediated by at least two domains indicating the presence of at least two different pathways impinging on ICK1/KRP1 protein stability. (uni-bielefeld.de)

Immunohistochemistry indicated that CDC2 are negative and TUNEL are positive in tumors treated with recombinant retrovirus. (biomedcentral.com)

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 is a key regulator of G1 PHASE of the CELL CYCLE. (bvsalud.org)

Protein kinases are ubiquitous components of cellular signalling networks [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
A family of cellular proteins that mediate the correct assembly or disassembly of polypeptides and their associated ligands. (lookformedical.com)

Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. (lookformedical.com)

Phosphorylated cycE interacts with Fbw7. (uth.edu)

Following ex vivo study, viral particles containing small interfering RNA for CDC2 were subsequently injected into xenogeneic graft tumor of nude mice and the weight of human glioma xenografts, survival and resulting phenotypic changes of target gene were investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
For subcutaneous tumors, injection of CDC2-shRNA retroviruses significantly decreased tumor weight and volume compared with control. (biomedcentral.com)

Appropriate regulation of CDC2 is essential for the entry into mitosis. (biomedcentral.com)

We show that cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) consensus motifs are frequently clustered in CDK substrate proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, we examine co-clustering of the CDK consensus motifs with the 'cy' or RXL motif [ 17 ], which is known to be important in determining which CDK-cyclin complex will phosphorylate a given substrate. (biomedcentral.com)
Crk-Associated Substrate Protein" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ucdenver.edu)
Crk-associated substrate was originally identified as a highly phosphorylated 130 kDa protein that associates with ONCOGENE PROTEIN CRK and ONCOGENE PROTEIN SRC. (ucdenver.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Crk-Associated Substrate Protein" by people in this website by year, and whether "Crk-Associated Substrate Protein" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (ucdenver.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Crk-Associated Substrate Protein" by people in Profiles. (ucdenver.edu)

In addition HIV-1 Vpr protein alters the cell-cycle regulation by hijacking centrosome functions. (biomedcentral.com)

Signaling specificity is conferred by receptors and mediated through associated-kinases. (janechin.net)
Cannabinoid is a family of complex chemicals (terpenophenolic compounds) that exert most of their actions by binding to and activating specific Gαi protein-coupled receptors named as cannabinoid receptor, CB1 (Central receptor) and CB2 (Peripheral receptor) respectively [ 4 - 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (ayassbioscience.com)
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. (novusbio.com)

Retroviral vectors expressing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeted against CDC2 were designed and transducted into human glioma cell line ex vivo in order to downregulate the expression of CDC2. (biomedcentral.com)
Western Blotting was used to determine the level of expression of CDC2 protein as measure to quantify down regulation of CDC2 expression along with use of flow cytometry to investigate effect of shRNAs on cell cycles and detection of apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Human glioma tissue microarrays indicated the positive expression rates of CDC2/CyclinB1 with a positive correlation with pathologic grades (r = 0.982, r = 0.959, respectively). (biomedcentral.com)
Increasingly numerous results have demonstrated overexpression of CDC2/Cyclin B1 in various tumors however there is still no report of CDC2/Cyclin B1 expression in clinical samples from patients with gliomas. (biomedcentral.com)
Tissue microarrays (TMAs) including I-IV grade clinical glioma samples was used to determine the prognostic effect of the CDC2/Cyclin B1 expression in gliomas on different grades. (biomedcentral.com)
Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)

Further we demonstrate that ICK1/KRP1 is an unstable protein and degraded by the 26S proteasome in the nucleus. (uni-bielefeld.de)
and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell. (lookformedical.com)
Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. (lookformedical.com)
Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus. (lookformedical.com)

Also phosphorylates SMAD3 in a cell-cycle-dependent manner and represses its transcriptional activity. (ayassbioscience.com)
Phosphoproteomic techniques have been widely employed to identify kinase activity, which may lend itself to pharmaceutical blockade. (nature.com)

In this study an attempt has been made to understand the molecular pathological basis of tumorigenesis which led to an identification of an oncogene, CDC2, and an epigenetic strategy has been evaluated to control the tumorigensis by downregulating this oncogene. (biomedcentral.com)
For mice implanted with intracranial gliomas, treatment of CDC2-shRNA retroviruses increased survival times compared with control. (biomedcentral.com)
Quality control test: Antibody Reactive Against Recombinant Protein. (novusbio.com)
Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. (lookformedical.com)

New regulatory targets were discovered and novel functions of known proteins were uncovered. (janechin.net)

inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α), PRKR-like ER kinase (PERK) and activating transcription factor-6 (ATF-6). (spandidos-publications.com)
A retinoblastoma-binding protein that is involved in CHROMATIN REMODELING, histone deacetylation, and repression of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION. (lookformedical.com)

This cyclin forms a complex with CDK7 kinase and ring finger protein MAT1. (novusbio.com)

Proteins which bind to DNA. (lookformedical.com)
The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases. (lookformedical.com)

Lacking proteosomal function on aggregates of unfolded proteins, ER stress may induce autophagic machinery. (spandidos-publications.com)

Downregulation of CDC2 could potentialy inhibit human gliomas cells growth ex vivo and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
To reveal the roles of CDC2/Cyclin B1 in human malignant gliomas, CDC2 in glioma cell line, it was down-regulated by retrovirus vectors expressing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) ex vivo and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)

Purvalanol, a novel cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, is referred to as a strong apoptotic inducer which causes cell cycle arrest in various cancer cells such as prostate, breast and colon cancer cell lines. (spandidos-publications.com)

The repeating structural units of chromatin, each consisting of approximately 200 base pairs of DNA wound around a protein core. (lookformedical.com)

Anatomy16

Organisms9

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs163

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Phenomena and Processes43

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Phosphorylation14

Cyclins8

Serine7

CDK24

Inhibitors6

CDKs1

Complexes6

Nuclear Proteins1

CDK42

Subunit2

Genes5

Tyrosine3

CDK31

Eukaryotes4

Pombe1

P1301

Putative2

Progression1

Cdk17

Inhibition3

Substrates1

MRNA3

Mitogen1

PATHWAYS1

Immunohistochemistry1

Regulator1

Cellular2

Saccharomyces1

Interacts1

Tumor2

Mitosis1

Substrate6

Cell cycle regu1

Receptors2

Encoded by this gene2

Expression6

Nucleus4

Activity2

Control4

Targets1

Transcription2

Complex1

BIND2

Induce1

Vivo2

Arrest1

Chromatin1