Phosphorylates the protein kinase cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

regulates homologous recombination-dependent repair by phosphorylating BRCA2, this phosphorylation is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis. (proteopedia.org)
Compound 51 inhibited the proliferation of 13 out of 15 cancer cell lines with IC50 values between 0.27 and 6.9 muM, which correlated with the complete suppression of retinoblastoma phosphorylation and the onset of apoptosis. (proteopedia.org)
Cdk phosphorylation triggers sequential intramolecular interactions that progressively block Rb functions as cells move through G1. (proteopedia.org)
However, despite phosphorylation playing such a key role in the formation of early life, no one had ever managed to find a phosphorylating agent that could have successfully created the three different molecules necessary for life under realistic conditions and was also present upon the early Earth. (databasefootball.com)
We suggest a phosphorylation chemistry that could have given rise, all in the same place, to oligonucleotides, oligopeptides, and the cell-like structures to enclose them," said Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy, associate professor of chemistry at TSRI and the study's senior author. (databasefootball.com)
Cell cycle progression, phosphorylation, and DNA binding of cell cycle checkpoint proteins were analyzed. (nih.gov)
Although we did not identify any highly Clb2-specific substrates, we found that Clb2-Cdk1 possessed higher intrinsic kinase activity than Clb5-Cdk1, enabling efficient phosphorylation of a broad range of mitotic Cdk1 targets. (nature.com)
Displacement of DVL from the centrosome and its release into the cytoplasm on NEK2 phosphorylation is coupled to the removal of linker proteins, an event necessary for centrosomal separation and proper formation of the mitotic spindle. (muni.cz)
Phosphorylation is cell-cycle associated and modulates the ability of Hsp90 to chaperone a selected clientele, including v-Src and several other kinases. (kent.ac.uk)
CK2 (proteins kinase CK2) may phosphorylate eIF2 (eukaryotic translation initiation aspect 2) phosphorylation of eIF2 also pointed to Ser2 being a preferred site for CK2 phosphorylation. (bioinf.org)
The central/C-terminal locations also support the binding sites for CK2, whereas the phosphorylation sites because of this proteins kinase can be found in the N-terminal area. (bioinf.org)
The current presence of three lysine blocks and phosphorylation sites for proteins kinase CK2 and PKC (proteins kinase C) are quality from the N-terminal area of mammalian eIF2 [21]. (bioinf.org)
eIF2 can be a substrate for DNA-PK (DNA proteins kinase) [24], even though the phosphorylation site(s) because of this kinase never have been identified however. (bioinf.org)
Preliminary studies for the practical outcomes of mammalian eIF2 phosphorylation for proteins synthesis showed it Formoterol supplier did not influence the power of eIF2 to create the ternary complicated with GTP and Met-tRNAiMet [33]. (bioinf.org)
In today's work, we researched the phosphorylation of individual eIF2 as well as the relevance of the primary phosphorylation sites and of the complete N-terminal site of eIF2 in its discussion with some companions, in proteins synthesis and in cell viability. (bioinf.org)
Furthermore, the function of CK2 in the basal phosphorylation of the subunit continues to be explored through the use of chemical substance inhibitors and a CK2 mutant that straight alters CK2 activity inside the cell [38]. (bioinf.org)
They present that the vast majority of the mobile eIF2 can be phosphorylated in Ser2, whereas phosphorylation in Ser67 can be more restricted which mutation EIF4EBP1 at these websites alters eIF2 properties, although much less drastically compared to the truncation of the complete N-terminal site. (bioinf.org)
In this study, we found that hSulf-1 overexpression in melanoma cells can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by decreasing the protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation and limiting CDK4 nuclear import. (oncotarget.com)
Crystal structures of non-phosphorylated Pim-1 kinase demonstrate that the catalytic region adopts a constitutive active confirmation and phosphorylation does not influence its activity. (proteinkinase.biz)
Phosphorylation by mTOR of 4E-BP1 disrupts its binding to eIF4E, a protein that binds the 5'-cap structure of mRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
Activation of CDK4 requires binding of a D-type Cyclin and phosphorylation of Thr172 by the CAK kinase complex. (rndsystems.com)
Stress-induced modifications of p53 variously implicated in protein stability and/or transcriptional activity include phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitylation, as well as conformational changes and interactions with other proteins [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
Importantly, one other individual meats directly influence Aurora T localization, and phosphorylation of conserved residues in the C terminus of INCENP greatly raises Aurora B kinase activity. (smadpathway.com)
Protein phosphorylation is the most common post-translation modification of proteins and regulates many biological processes. (lu.se)
Three sequential phosphorylation events on specific residues of p27, regulate the activity of these complexes and ultimately control cell cycle proliferation or arrest. (lu.se)

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that act as key regulatory elements in cell cycle progression. (proteopedia.org)
This positions and activates AURKB and other components of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) at centromeres to ensure proper chromatid cohesion, metaphase alignment and normal progression through the cell cycle (By similarity). (antibodies-online.com)
Losartan has protective effect on aortic wall of rats with aortic dissection, and the mechanism may be through inhibiting transforming growth factor-beta 1 pathway, which activates downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway related proteins, and then inhibits the expansion and progression of aortic dissection. (ijpsonline.com)
Epidemiologic, animal, and laboratory studies suggest that 5-amino-salicylic acid (5-ASA) protects from the development of CRC by altering cell cycle progression and by inducing apoptosis. (nih.gov)
In this study, we hypothesized that 5-ASA restrains cell cycle progression by activating checkpoint pathways in colorectal cell lines, which would prevent tumor development and improve genomic stability. (nih.gov)
We found that 5-ASA at concentrations between 10 and 40 mmol/L affects cell cycle progression by inducing cells to accumulate in the S phase. (nih.gov)
This kinase is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression and G1/S transition. (cancerindex.org)
Myb-Related Protein B (MYBL2), a member of the MYB family of transcription factor genes, is a nuclear protein involved in cell cycle progression. (avivasysbio.com)
Mitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. (kegg.jp)
CDKs regulate the cell's progression through the phases of the cell cycle by modulating the activity of key substrates. (kegg.jp)
Using semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blots experiments, we compared changes in ETS-1 and ETS-2 expression, their protein levels, and the regulation of some of their target gene expressions at different stages of the ocular tumoral progression in the transgenic mouse model, Tyrp-1-TAg, with those in normal eyes from control mice of the same age. (molvis.org)
The kinase is involved in the regulation of cell cycle progression and apoptosis by phosphorylating e.g. (proteinkinase.biz)
In the presence of errors or damage during DNA replication, cell cycle checkpoint nodes and repair machinery work in concert to retard cell cycle progression until sufficient repair has been achieved. (bmj.com)
CDK4 may be useful as a prognostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma and its kinase activity has been reported to promote the progression of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (rndsystems.com)
Background: The putative functions of the cellular prion protein (PrP c ) are believed to be associated with cell signaling, differentiation, survival, and cancer progression. (iiarjournals.org)
Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. (hindawi.com)
Together, they are involved in the control of cell-cycle progression, transcription, and neuronal function. (umbc.edu)
Preeminent among these proteins are the cyclin dependent kinases, which upon binding to cyclins, phosphorylate numerous targets to trigger cell cycle progression. (smadpathway.com)
The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)

The profiling of compound 51 against a panel of 339 kinases revealed high selectivity for CDKs, with preference for CDK2 and CDK5 over CDK9, CDK1, CDK4, and CDK6. (proteopedia.org)
Mitogen-activated protein kinases such as RAF kinases involved in the MAPK signaling pathways and cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) involved in cell cycle regulation are prime examples of pathways implicated in cancers. (horizondiscovery.com)
Cell-cycle events are controlled by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), whose periodic activation is driven by cyclins. (nature.com)
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulatory enzymes, each consisting of a catalytic CDK subunit and an activating cyclin subunit. (kegg.jp)
Precise activation and inactivation of CDKs at specific points in the cell cycle are required for orderly cell division. (kegg.jp)
By default, CDKs are always present in a cell in an inactivated form. (jove.com)
Positive regulators include two protein groups that allow cells to pass through regulatory checkpoints: cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). (jove.com)
The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21 and p16 inhibit the activity of CDKs, such as CDK4. (medscape.com)
As a biologically important example we have studied the complex formed by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which play an essential role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (lu.se)

Molecular cloning and characterization indicated that the 48 kDa substrate, termed SksC, itself is a novel protein kinase. (elsevierpure.com)
Dependent on the substrate they act upon they can be broadly classified into 3 categories: protein kinases, carbohydrate kinases and lipid kinases. (horizondiscovery.com)
can phosphorylate substrate proteins on serine, threonine, tyrosines or histidine residues. (horizondiscovery.com)
Brown, N. R., Noble, M. E., Endicott, J. A. & Johnson, L. N. The structural basis for specificity of substrate and recruitment peptides for cyclin-dependent kinases. (nature.com)
Schulman, B. A., Lindstrom, D. L. & Harlow, E. Substrate recruitment to cyclin-dependent kinase 2 by a multipurpose docking site on cyclin A. (nature.com)
The cyclin subunit confers the substrate specificity of these complexes and differentially interacts with and activates CDK1 and CDK2 throughout the cell cycle. (wuxibiortus.com)
2005)„Structure and substrate specificity of the Pim-1 kinase. (proteinkinase.biz)
Treating SMMC-7721 cells with 5-Fu leads to apoptosis of the cells, and reduction in telomerase activity, as well as a dramatic reduction in the activated form of p70 S6 kinase, a mTOR substrate. (biomedcentral.com)
The substrate specificities of the ERK1 and ERK2 protein kinases are very similar. (proteinkinase.biz)
Suitable as substrate for kinase activity assays and for western blot analyses. (proteinkinase.biz)
Gonzalez FA, Raden DL, Davis RJ (1991) "Identification of substrate recognition determinants for human ERK1 and ERK2 protein kinases" J. Biol. (proteinkinase.biz)
1996) "A structural basis for substrate specificities of protein Ser/Thr kinases: primary sequence preference of casein kinases I and II, NIMA, phosphorylase kinase, calmodulin-dependent kinase II, CDK5, and Erk1" Mol Cell Biol. (proteinkinase.biz)

In contrast, no significant alteration of apoptosis in the BCa cells with downregulated LAPTM5 was noticed. (spandidos-publications.com)
Our simulations show that, if HMGB1 is overexpressed, then the oncoproteins CyclinD/E, which regulate cell proliferation, are overexpressed, while tumor suppressor proteins that regulate cell apoptosis (programmed cell death), such as p53, are repressed. (biomedcentral.com)
The HMGB1 signal transduction can influence the cell's fate by two important processes - apoptosis and cell proliferation - which are regulated respectively by the proteins p53 and CyclinE, acting in two different signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
The protein p53 is one of the most important tumor suppressor proteins: its activation can lead to cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, or apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
In this paper, we ask the following questions: How do these proteins and their mutations change the cell's fate - apoptosis or survival - when HMGB1 signal transduction is activated? (biomedcentral.com)
Which signaling pathways are fundamental for describing HMGB1 signal transduction, and what mechanisms are responsible to explain recent results linking overexpression of HMGB1 with decrease of apoptosis (and increased cancer cell survival)? (biomedcentral.com)
Unlike apoptosis, senescence is a state of which cells are still alive and metabolically active. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, it can stimulate apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
Deletion of SWE1 in yeast increases Hsp90 binding to its inhibitor geldanamycin, and pharmacologic inhibition/silencing of Wee1 sensitizes cancer cells to Hsp90 inhibitor-induced apoptosis. (kent.ac.uk)
Indeed apoptosis is inhibited in senescent cells. (globale-dermatologie.com)
In most cancers, hSulf-1 is inactivated, which endows cancer cells with increasesed cell proliferation and metastatic activities, inhibition of apoptosis, and decreased sensitivity to radio- and chemotherapy. (oncotarget.com)
The decreased expression of hSulf-1 is closely related to cancer cell proliferation, increased metastatic activity, inhibition of apoptosis, and reduced sensitivity to radio- and chemotherapy [ 3 - 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
We detected apoptosis of hepatocarcinoma cells by TUNEL assay. (biomedcentral.com)
These results suggest that chemotherapeutic agent 5-Fu may down-regulate telomerase activity at both transcriptional level and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-dependent post-transcriptional level to facilitate hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
PI3K activates a number of signaling molecules, among which the Akt/mTOR pathway is of particular interest because of its role in inhibiting apoptosis and promoting cell proliferation [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The activation of p53 can lead to either cell cycle arrest and DNA repair, or apoptosis. (bio2009.org)
Furthermore, silencing PrP c expression with si-PRNP amplified the fucoidan-induced changes in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. (iiarjournals.org)
A successful therapy must therefore eliminate these cells known to be highly resistant to apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)

Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Bypass UAS Requirement 1 (BUR1) subfamily, catalytic (c) domain. (umbc.edu)
These proteins, including Aurora A and B, are serine/threonine kinases that are essential for cell division activities such as spindle construction, chromosome segregation, and cytokinesis. (smadpathway.com)

In addition, phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38, key members of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family regulating BCa tumorigenesis, were strongly decreased. (spandidos-publications.com)
N-SLIT2 amplifies reactive oxygen species production in response to the bacteria by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase that in turn phosphorylates NCF1, an essential subunit of the NADPH oxidase complex. (elifesciences.org)

A well-known example of a lipid kinase is phosphoinositide 3-kinase which is implicated in a number of cancers, mainly through alterations to its catalytic subunit - PIK3CA. (horizondiscovery.com)
This creates interfaces for efficient binding to CDK5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 2 (CDK5RAP2) and centrosomal Nek2-associated protein 1 (C-NAP1), two proteins of the centrosomal linker. (muni.cz)
CDC2 is a catalytic subunit of the highly conserved protein kinase complex known as M-phase promoting factor (MPF) , which is essential for G1/S and G2/M phase transitions of eukaryotic cell cycle. (caslab.com)
In response to amino acid deprivation or UV irradiation, GCN2 phosphorylates the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2a) at Ser51 and induces a delay in entry to S phase of the cell cycle. (rndsystems.com)
catalytic subunit of CK2 (CK2) inhibits its activity in proteins substrates [16]. (bioinf.org)
subunit as well as for determining that it's necessary for the discussion with eIF2 [35], which gives an answer towards the discrepancy in the outcomes obtained in prior research using endogenous phosphorylated eIF2B [35C37]. (bioinf.org)
EXPERIMENTAL Reagents and antibodies Apigenin, emodin and anti-His6 antibody had been extracted from Sigma, anti-eIF2 as well as the catalytic subunit from the PP2A (proteins phosphatase 2A) phosphatase had been from Cell Signaling Technology, anti-CK2 and anti-eIF5 had been from Santa Cruz Biotechnology and anti-eIF2 was from Cell Signaling Technology. (bioinf.org)

Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). (proteopedia.org)
Taken together, our results suggested that decreased LAPTM5 inhibited proliferation and viability, as well as induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest possibly via deactivation of ERK1/2 and p38 in BCa cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Furthermore, previous studies suggested that knockdown of LAPTM4B , another important subtype of the LAPTM family inhibited proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma ( 11 ), prostate ( 12 ) and breast cancer cells ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Recent studies have found that overexpression of the High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein, in conjunction with its receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) and toll-like receptors (TLRs), is associated with proliferation of various cancer types, including that of the breast and pancreatic. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, a number of extracellular proteins can bind to their receptors and activate signaling pathways that promote the proliferation of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
CyclinE is a cell cycle regulatory protein which regulates the G1-S phase transition during cell proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
A mutation in this gene resulting in reduced cell proliferation, and impaired cell motility and polarity, and has been identified in patients with primary microcephaly. (cancerindex.org)
SOX9 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion through BMP2 and mTOR signaling. (cancerindex.org)
Overexpression of SOX9 promoted NPC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. (cancerindex.org)
At a fundamental level, cancer is caused by an accumulation of genetic changes that result in unregulated cell growth and proliferation. (medscape.com)
Tumor suppressor genes encode proteins that normally provide negative control of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
PTEN encodes a protein kinase of the same name and functions as a tumor suppressor through regulation of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
Bowen, 2004} detected keratinocyte proliferation by PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) marking, 13,9% of keratinocytes were stained, compared with 6,4% in normal skin. (globale-dermatologie.com)
It is a negative regulator of cell proliferation. (oncotarget.com)
In normal human tissues, hSulf-1 is stably expressed, and it plays important roles in cell proliferation and differentiation [ 1 , 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
One important mechanism of carcinogenesis is uncontrolled cell proliferation caused by the excessive activation of cell proliferation signals. (oncotarget.com)
It promotes early transformation, cell proliferation and cell survival. (proteinkinase.biz)
Cell proliferation involves the replication of all cellular contents with the required energy for this to happen. (hindawi.com)
To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
This activation is necessary for both cell proliferation as well as glucose uptake and use. (hindawi.com)
Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)

Identification of a cyclin-cdk2 recognition motif present in substrates and p21-like cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. (nature.com)
4 , 10 There is evidence to suggest that these proteins respond to DNA damage by phosphorylating one or more substrates, including p53, c-Abl, and replication protein A (RPA), to recruit proteins to regions of DNA repair and/or to activate radiation signal transduction pathways. (bmj.com)
Glucose and glutamine are the 2 major substrates used by cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. (umbc.edu)

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. (novusbio.com)
Kinases are a large family of enzymes with over 500 encoded in the human genome and all share a highly conserved kinase domain. (horizondiscovery.com)
The ATM gene encodes a large protein that belongs to a family of kinases possessing a highly conserved C-terminal kinase domain related to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase domain. (bmj.com)

To investigate the effect of losartan on vascular remodeling and transforming growth factor-beta and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway. (ijpsonline.com)
Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to measure the thickness and diameter ratio of the aortic media of mice in each group, Masson staining was used to observe the content of collagen fibers in the aorta of mice in each group, elastic fibers in the aorta of mice in each group were stained, and transforming growth factor-beta and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway protein expression. (ijpsonline.com)
The BUR1 subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. (umbc.edu)

Development of Highly Potent and Selective Diaminothiazole Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases. (proteopedia.org)
Increasing evidence indicates that senescent cells could be a promising new target for therapeutic intervention known as senotherapy, which includes depleting senescent cells, modulating SASP and restoration of senescence inhibitors. (frontiersin.org)
The activity of this kinase first appears in mid-G1 phase, which is controlled by the regulatory subunits including D-type cyclins and members of INK4 family of CDK inhibitors. (cancerindex.org)
These findings demonstrate that Hsp90 chaperoning of distinct client proteins is differentially regulated by specific posttranslational modification of a unique subcellular pool of the chaperone, and they provide a strategy to increase the cellular potency of Hsp90 inhibitors. (kent.ac.uk)
Cyclin-CDK inhibitors (CKIs), such as p16Ink4a, p15Ink4b, p27Kip1, and p21Cip1, are involved in the negative regulation of CDK activities, thus providing a pathway through which the cell cycle is negatively regulated. (kegg.jp)
Small molecule inhibitors designed to target the DNA damage sensors, such as inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM), ATR, CHK1 and WEE1, impair smooth cell cycle modulation and disrupt efficient DNA repair, or a combination of the above, have demonstrated interesting monotherapy and combinatorial activity, including the potential to reverse drug resistance and have entered developmental pipelines. (bmj.com)
The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the interplay among HIPK2, p300, and p53 in p53 acetylation and apoptotic transcriptional activity in response to drug by using siRNA interference, p300 overexpression or deacetylase inhibitors, in cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)

Cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases, or CDK. (jove.com)

Moreover, some studies demonstrated that LAPTM5 was highly expressed in malignant B lymphomas and involved in B cell malignancies ( 10 ), involving in negative regulation of cell surface T and B cell receptor by promoting lysosome degradation ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
They participate in two different transcriptional regulation processes, suggesting an important link between basal transcription control and the cell cycle machinery. (novusbio.com)
If some important proteins are mutated or there are defects in the signaling mechanisms, normal cell growth regulation will break down, possibly leading to the occurrence of cancer in the future. (biomedcentral.com)
In the present study, up-regulation of SOX9 was observed in both NPC tissues and different NPC cells. (cancerindex.org)
Up-regulation of telomerase activity is thought to be a critical step leading to cell transformation. (biomedcentral.com)
5-Fu and rapamycin were synergistic in regards to down-regulation of telomerase activity in hepatocarcinoma cells. (biomedcentral.com)
CDK4 shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleus as part of its role in cell cycle regulation. (rndsystems.com)
Plays a role in the regulation of the mitotic cell cycle progress and the onset of mitosis. (icr.ac.uk)
8 , 9 The protein is a member of a novel family of large proteins, which show sequence homology to the catalytic domain of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, 3 and are implicated in cell cycle regulation, signal transduction, and the response to DNA damage. (bmj.com)
More generally, bioinformatics analyses have shown that ~15% of all phosphorylated residues are buried in the non-phosphorylated state, suggesting that transient exposure might be a general mechanism involved in protein regulation. (lu.se)

About 24% of these proteins were phosphorylated more efficiently by Clb5-Cdk1 than Clb2-Cdk1. (nature.com)
Targets of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1. (nature.com)
CDK1, also named as CDC2, belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family and CDC2/CDKX subfamily.CDC2 plays a key role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (caslab.com)
Functions through the formation of specific serine/threonine protein kinase holoenzyme complexes with the cyclin-dependent protein kinases CDK1 or CDK2. (wuxibiortus.com)
Along with Cdk1/cyclin N, members of the Aurora/Ipl1 kinase family are also crucial regulators of mitosis. (smadpathway.com)

This kinase, as well as CDK4, has been shown to phosphorylate, and thus regulate the activity of, tumor suppressor protein Rb. (cancerindex.org)
It helps regulate the transition to S PHASE and its kinase activity is inhibited by CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR P18. (bvsalud.org)

Cyclin E/CDK2 prevents oxidative stress-mediated Ras-induced senescence by phosphorylating MYC. (proteopedia.org)
The kinase complex is able to phosphorylate CDK2 and CDC2 kinases, thus functions as a CDK-activating kinase (CAK). (novusbio.com)
Loss of both CDK4 and CDK2 increases neural stem cell differentiation. (rndsystems.com)
We hypothesize that a dynamic equilibrium between the dominant buried state and an transiently open, kinase-accessible state is present in the p27-cyclin A-CDK2 complex, and aim to test this hypothesis through the use of unbiased molecular dynamics and metadynamics simulations. (lu.se)

Fisher, D. L. & Nurse, P. A single fission yeast mitotic cyclin B p34 cdc2 kinase promotes both S-phase and mitosis in the absence of G1 cyclins. (nature.com)
Strategies that increase replicative stress while lowering cell cycle checkpoint thresholds may allow unrepaired DNA damage to be inappropriately carried forward in replicating cells, leading to mitotic catastrophe and cell death. (bmj.com)

DVL accumulates during the cell cycle and associates with NIMA-related kinase 2 (NEK2), which is able to phosphorylate DVL at amultitude of residues, as detected by a set of novel phospho-specific antibodies. (muni.cz)
How do buried residues get phosphorylated? (lu.se)
If these residues are inaccessible to kinases, how do they get phosphorylated then? (lu.se)

MCT aggregates on and activates the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) of pulmonary artery endothelial cells to trigger endothelial damage and, ultimately, induces pulmonary hypertension. (wikipedia.org)
In response to DNA damage, the checkpoint kinase ATM phosphorylates and activates Chk2, which in turn directly phosphorylates and activates p53 tumor suppressor protein. (kegg.jp)
The presence of replication stress activates the DNA damage response and downstream checkpoint proteins including ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related kinase (ATR), checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), and WEE1-like protein kinase (WEE1), which trigger cell cycle arrest while protecting and restoring stalled replication forks. (bmj.com)

Moreover, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase was triggered by decreased LAPTM5 as well, which could lead to delayed BCa cell growth. (spandidos-publications.com)
Aging kidney and CKD share many common characteristic features with increased cellular senescence, a conserved program characterized by an irreversible cell cycle arrest with altered transcriptome and secretome. (frontiersin.org)
Cellular senescence is characterized by an irreversible and permanent cell cycle arrest coupled with altered transcriptome and secretome. (frontiersin.org)
It specifically negatively regulates the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway to induce cell cycle arrest. (medscape.com)
Structure-guided point mutations in either CAPN7 MIT domain disrupted IST1 binding in vitro and in cells, and depletion/rescue experiments showed that the CAPN7-IST1 interaction is required for: 1) CAPN7 recruitment to midbodies, 2) efficient abscission, and 3) NoCut checkpoint arrest. (elifesciences.org)
Eukaryotic cells respond to DNA damage by activating signaling pathways that promote cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. (kegg.jp)
In many cell lines, exposure to rapamycin results in a relatively small decrease in overall protein synthesis (~15-20%), but dose result specifically in G1 cell cycle arrest. (biomedcentral.com)
Activation of p21 or p16 therefore causes cell cycle arrest. (medscape.com)
The p19ARF protein, which is encoded by the same locus as p16, also leads to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the ability of MDM2 to inactivate TP53. (medscape.com)

Dishevelled (DVL) is a key scaffolding protein and a branching point in Wnt signaling pathways. (muni.cz)
The cell cycle is strictly regulated and controlled by a complex network of signaling pathways [ 1 ], comprised of hundreds of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
It can reduce the sulfation of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) and inhibit various growth factor receptor-mediated signaling pathways. (oncotarget.com)
Maintaining genomic integrity is of utmost importance to eukaryotic cells, which have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to ensure speed, accuracy, and an adequate pool of nucleotide and replication factors as well as high-fidelity repair pathways to correct errors occurring during DNA replication. (bmj.com)
Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)

The encoded protein is phosphorylated by cyclin A/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 during the S-phase of the cell cycle and possesses both activator and repressor activities. (avivasysbio.com)
Cyclin-dependent Kinase 4 (CDK4) is a 303 amino acid (aa) member of the Ser/Thr kinase family with a predicted molecular weight of 33.7 kDa. (rndsystems.com)
Results: Fucoidan treatment significantly inhibited growth and reduced cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) expression in HT29 colon cancer cells. (iiarjournals.org)
Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, Fungal Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase Bypass UAS Requirement 1 and similar proteins. (umbc.edu)
BUR1, also called SGV1, is a yeast Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinase (CDK) that is functionally equivalent to mammalian CDK9. (umbc.edu)
Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 associates with CYCLIN D and phosphorylates RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN during G1 PHASE of the CELL CYCLE. (bvsalud.org)

activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase. (proteopedia.org)
Serine/threonine-protein kinase that phosphorylates histone H3 at 'Ser-3' (H3T3ph) during mitosis. (antibodies-online.com)
It is required in higher cells for entry into S-phase and mitosis. (caslab.com)
When B levels drop, the cell exits mitosis and divides. (jove.com)
Cytokinesis begins after chromosome separation in mitosis and ends when the cell divides. (jove.com)

Quality control test: Antibody Reactive Against Recombinant Protein. (novusbio.com)
CCNH (AAH05280, 1 a.a. ~ 110 a.a) partial recombinant protein with GST tag. (novusbio.com)
Antibody reactivity against cell lysate and recombinant protein for WB. (novusbio.com)
The anti-eIF2 antibody grew up in rabbits immunized using the recombinant proteins, as well as the immunoglobulin small fraction was extracted from Formoterol supplier sera by Proteins ACagarose Formoterol supplier chromatography (Amersham Biosciences). (bioinf.org)

[ 1 ] His prediction was subsequently supported by the cloning of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene ( RB1 ) and by functional studies of the retinoblastoma protein, Rb. (medscape.com)

Neuronal differentiation and cell-cycle programs mediate response to BET-bromodomain inhibition in MYC-driven medulloblastoma. (cancerindex.org)
Cell fate decisions within these hierarchical brain cell lineages are tightly controlled and irreversible: e.g. cells in the state of differentiation will not turn into progenitor cells or stem cells. (stanford.edu)
This is especially true for malignant glioma cells, which simultaneously express markers of different lineages and states exhibiting incomplete differentiation. (stanford.edu)
IL-21 regulates Th17 cell homeostasis enhances the differentiation of storage B cells and antibody-secreting plasma cells and promotes the maintenance of Compact disc8+ T-cell replies. (bio2009.org)

Conclusion: Combination of fucoidan with silencing of PrP c has a synergic effect on the inhibition of HT29 colon cancer cell growth. (iiarjournals.org)

Avoid freeze-thaw cycles. (novusbio.com)
Store at -20°C. Avoid freeze / thaw cycles. (caslab.com)
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. (rndsystems.com)
For long term storage, store at -20C in small aliquots to prevent freeze-thaw cycles. (avivasysbio.com)

In addition to its role in glucose metabolism, this pathway also regulates the redirection of free amino acids to protein synthesis via the mTOR-signaling pathway. (hindawi.com)

It has been shown to activate the cell division cycle 2, cyclin D1, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 genes. (avivasysbio.com)
This domain occurred 399 times on human genes ( 920 proteins). (umbc.edu)
Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)

Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. (novusbio.com)
Claudia earned her PhD (Dr. rer.nat) at the Institute for Molecular Pathology (IMP) in Vienna, where she trained in cancer signaling, and identified crucial regulators of growth factor receptor kinase signaling. (stanford.edu)
At these checkpoints, positive and negative regulators promote or inhibit a cell's continuation through the cell cycle. (jove.com)

In addition, MCT strengthens this effect by binding to the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPR2), which is a transmembrane receptor. (wikipedia.org)

pRB functions as a negative regulatory transcription factor during the G1 to S phase cell cycle transition. (medscape.com)
Internal regulatory checkpoints ensure that a cell's size, energy reserves, and DNA quality and completeness are sufficient to advance through the cell cycle. (jove.com)
Each origin is initiated by a combination of regulatory proteins that prepare the chromatin for replication before synthesis (S)-phase entry. (bmj.com)
be classified into subsets including Th1 Th2 Th17 T follicular helper (Tfh) and regulatory (Treg) cells predicated on their cytokine profile and/or features.8 Pathogenic HIV/SIV infections of human beings and RMs are connected with key perturbations from the relative percentage of the various CD4+ T-cell subsets. (bio2009.org)
Eukaryotes have evolved complex regulatory systems to ensure the cell cycle continues in a timely and appropriate way. (smadpathway.com)
The CPC includes, as well as Aurora B, three regulatory subunits: the inner centromeric protein, Survivin, and Borealin/Dasra W. Beginning in prophase, the CPC localizes to condensing chromosomes and steadily concentrates at the internal centromere where one function would be to correct poor Infectious causes of cancer spindle kinetochore devices. (smadpathway.com)

GSE76211) ( 3 , 4 ), revealing a significantly upregulated gene in BCa tissues, the lysosomal-associated protein multispanning transmembrane 5 (LAPTM5). (spandidos-publications.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CMGC family of serine/threonine protein kinases. (cancerindex.org)
What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
The protein encoded by this gene, together with spectrin and actin, constitute the red cell membrane cytoskeletal network. (cancerindex.org)
RB1 encodes the protein pRB and was the first tumor suppressor gene to be molecularly defined. (medscape.com)
Indeed, in a clone of cells, only one of the alleles is expressed, because the same X chromosome is inactivated by lyonisation{Allen, 1992}, in a clone, whereas in normal {Nakamura, 2001} skin (polyclonal), the inactivated HUMARA gene allele isn't always on the same X chromosome. (globale-dermatologie.com)
Frequent inactivating mutations of the ATM gene have been reported in patients with rare sporadic T cell prolymphocytic leukaemia (T-PLL), B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL), and most recently, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). (bmj.com)
For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)

These ingredients are nucleotides such as DNA and RNA which store genetic information, lipids which congregate together to form structures like cell walls, and amino acids or peptides which carry out the main function of cells. (databasefootball.com)

Here we show that Swe1Wee1 phosphorylates a conserved tyrosine residue (Y24 in yeast Hsp90 and Y38 in human Hsp90? (kent.ac.uk)

The researchers also discovered that when DAP was in the room-temperature water, and it was capable of phosphorylating amino acids and it also helped these amino acids link themselves into short protein chains. (databasefootball.com)
Increased GCN2 activity in solid tumors enhances the production of amino acids and contributes to tumor cell survival in conditions of nutrient deprivation. (rndsystems.com)

ERK1 / 2 differentially phosphorylates a variety of nuclear (Elk-1, c-Myc), cytosolic (MNK1/2, Raf) and cytoskeletal (MAP2, Tau) targets. (proteinkinase.biz)
Identification of mosquito proteins that differentially interact with alphavirus nonstructural protein 3, a determinant of vector specificity. (cdc.gov)
Mosquito proteins that differentially interacted with CHIKV nsP3 or ONNV nsP3 were identified. (cdc.gov)

The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)

hSulf-1 reduces the sulfation of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) in the extracellular matrix and inhibits binding between various cell growth factors and their receptors. (oncotarget.com)
Furthermore, HIF-1 actively limits the mitochondrial consumption of pyruvate at two levels: (i) through the enzyme PDK (PDH-kinase), which in turn inhibits PDH activity preventing the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA, and thereby limiting mitochondrial metabolism of pyruvate [ 6 ] and (ii) through the direct activation of LDH [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)

Proteins involved in the ATM-and-Rad3-related kinase (ATR)-dependent S-phase checkpoint response (Chk1 and Rad17) were also phosphorylated but not ataxia telengectasia mutated kinase. (nih.gov)
Our data demonstrate that 5-ASA causes cells to reversibly accumulate in S phase and activate an ATR-dependent checkpoint. (nih.gov)
ATR-Chk1-mediated protein degradation of Cdc25A protein phosphatase is also a mechanism conferring intra-S-phase checkpoint activation. (kegg.jp)
Generally, levels of a given cyclin are low during most of the cell cycle but abruptly increase at the checkpoint they most contribute to (G 1 cyclins are an exception, as they are required throughout the cell cycle). (jove.com)
Members of this kinase family have been shown to function in DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint control following DNA damage. (bmj.com)

The Clb5-specific targets include several proteins (Sld2, Cdc6, Orc6, Mcm3 and Cdh1) involved in early S-phase events. (nature.com)
p53 is a transcription factor whose expression is increased by DNA damage and blocks cell division at the G1 phase of the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. (medscape.com)
When this complex forms the CDK can phosphorylate a target protein which alters it's function and initiates the cell to advance to the next phase. (jove.com)
For instance, during G1, when one type of cyclin, named D, is synthesized and binds to a CDK, the cell transitions into S phase, as another cyclin, E, peaks and forms a complex with CDK to promote DNA replication. (jove.com)
Cyclins can be categorized as G 1 , G 1 /S, S, or M cyclins based on the cell cycle phase or transition they are most involved in. (jove.com)
It promotes the transition from G1 to S phase by phosphorylating and inactivating RB1. (rndsystems.com)
p27 is a protein that binds to and prevents the activation of different G1 and S phase cyclin-CDK complexes. (lu.se)

The crosstalk is regulated by tumor suppressor proteins, including ARF, P21 and FBXW7, which are also frequently mutated in many cancers. (biomedcentral.com)

Treating SMMC-7721 cells with Rapamycin, a specific mTOR inhibitor, significantly reduce hTERT protein level but did not affect hTERT transcription. (biomedcentral.com)

Phosphorylates FOXP3 and negatively regulates its transcriptional activity and protein stability (By similarity). (wuxibiortus.com)

Phosphorylates CABLES1 (By similarity). (proteopedia.org)

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that functions as the major effector of the Ras protein, a small GTPase. (proteinkinase.biz)

Molecular Cell, 37 (3). (kent.ac.uk)
High molecular weight cytokeratin (1/68kD, 19/56,6 kD) was replaced by simple cytokeratin (8/52kD, 18/45kD) which is found in neoplasic cells. (globale-dermatologie.com)
Overall, hSulf-1 function in melanoma cells provides an ideal molecular treatment target. (oncotarget.com)
Shah N, Pang B, Yeoh KG, Thorn S, Chen CS, Lilly MB, Salto-Tellez M. (2008) "Potential roles for the PIM1 kinase in human cancer - A molecular and therapeutic appraisal" Eur J Cancer. (proteinkinase.biz)

In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)

It plays a key role in the formation of many enzymes and proteins. (databasefootball.com)

An early event in the signal transduction pathway induced by these cell-cell interactions is the rapid inactivation of a flagellar protein kinase that phosphorylates a 48 kDa flagellar protein. (elsevierpure.com)
Involved in signal transduction, cell cycle control and DNA repair. (lu.se)

Altered responsiveness to co- oup the nucleus accumbens reflect the behavioral approaches that incorporate caine and increased immobility in the forced swim test associated with elevated cAMP response ele- memory of associations between the extinction-like processes may have effi- ment binding protein in nucleus accumbens. (lu.se)
HHVs replicate in the host cell nucleus. (medscape.com)
Temporal distribution studies identify hnRNPA1 and NP co-localize in the same cellular milieu in both nucleus and mitochondria in NP-transfected and IAV-infected mammalian cells. (cdc.gov)

2010) "Pim1 promotes human prostate cancer cell tumorigenicity and c-MYC transcriptional activity. (proteinkinase.biz)
11. Amsel, A. & Roussel, J. Motivational properties of ences in post-transcriptional processes spark interest in the development of frustration: I. Effect on a running response of the (protein redistribution, degradation), pharmacotherapies that selectively reg- addition of frustration to the motivational com- plex. (lu.se)

Phosphorylates ERCC6 which is essential for its chromatin remodeling activity at DNA double-strand breaks (PubMed:29203878). (wuxibiortus.com)
This study investigated changes in mTOR pathway and telomerase activity in hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 treated with chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu). (biomedcentral.com)
Serine 970 of RNA helicase MOV10 is phosphorylated and controls unfolding activity and fate of mRNAs targeted for AGO2-mediated silencing. (cdc.gov)

TP53 encodes the protein p53, which is known as the "guardian of the genome. (medscape.com)
This locus, however, also encodes a protein from an alternative reading frame, designated p19ARF. (medscape.com)

This cyclin forms a complex with CDK7 kinase and ring finger protein MAT1. (novusbio.com)
It is a component of the kinase complex that phosphorylates the repetitive C-terminus of RNA polymerase II. (caslab.com)
The BUR1/BUR2 complex phosphorylates the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. (umbc.edu)

Whether these cell development effects will also be exerted on mammalian cells hasn't however been explored. (bioinf.org)
The websites phosphorylated on mammalian eIF2 have already been mapped at Ser2, Ser67 (both targeted by CK2), Ser13 (targeted by PKC) and Ser218 [targeted by PKA (proteins kinase A)] [21]. (bioinf.org)
Her research identified conserved mechanisms of cell fate determination in mammalian brain progenitors and led to a paradigm shift in understanding how brain progenitor cells self-renew and differentiate. (stanford.edu)
Here we report that human hnRNPA1 physically interacts with the nucleoprotein (NP) of IAV in mammalian cells at different time points of the viral replication cycle. (cdc.gov)

Crystallization and Structural Determination of ABLT315I:AP24534 The kinase domain of murine ABLT315I was coexpressed with YopH protein tyrosine phosphatase in E. coli as described previously and purified in the clear presence of AP24534 to near homogeneity using metal affinity, Mono Q, and measurement exclusion chroma tography. (smadpathway.com)

Hartsough MT, Mulder KM (1995) "Transforming growth factor beta activation of p44mapk in proliferating cultures of epithelial cells" J Biol Chem. (proteinkinase.biz)

Moreover, resynthesis of new flagellar proteins following deflagellation was not accompanied by increases in transcript levels of SksC, suggesting that expression of this soluble protein kinase might not be restricted to flagella. (elsevierpure.com)
Immunoblot analysis indicated that expression of SksC was ubiquitous: this soluble protein was found in both flagella and cell bodies and was expressed throughout the cell cycle and gametogenesis. (elsevierpure.com)
Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
Let us underline nevertheless that such cytokeratin expression is found in embryonic cell lines and that the study only concerned 10 specimens. (globale-dermatologie.com)
In most cancer cell lines and tumor tissues, hSulf-1 expression levels are markedly decreased. (oncotarget.com)
Materials and Methods: PrP c expression was suppressed in HT29 human colon cancer cells by utilizing small-interfering RNA (si-PRNP), and cells were subsequently used to study the antiproliferative and anticancer effects of fucoidan treatment of HT29 human colon cancer cells. (iiarjournals.org)
To examine its role in cells, our RNA-seq analysis showed that the expression of S970D causes decreased expression of MOV10 enhanced Cross-Linking Immunoprecipitation (eCLIP) targets compared to WT. (cdc.gov)
To better understand the cellular components controlling alphavirus vector specificity, a cell culture model system of the anopheline restriction of CHIKV was developed along with a protein expression strategy. (cdc.gov)

Our previous results indicate that 5-ASA improves replication fidelity in colorectal cells, an effect that is active in reducing mutations. (nih.gov)
Most mutations in ATM result in truncation and destabilisation of the protein, but certain missense and splicing errors have been shown to produce a less severe phenotype. (bmj.com)
However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)

Anatomy17

Organisms9

Chemicals and Drugs156

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Phenomena and Processes53

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Phosphorylation26

Progression19

CDKs9

Substrate12

Apoptosis21

Serine-Threoni2

Mitogen-activa2

Subunit7

Proliferation21

Substrates4

Highly conserved3

Phosphoinositide 3-Kina3

Inhibitors8

Cyclins and cyclin-depende1

Regulation10

Cdk15

Regulate2

CDK24

Mitotic2

Residues3

Activates3

Arrest9

Pathways7

Cyclin-dependent6

Mitosis5

Recombinant4

RETINOBLASTOMA PROTEIN1

Differentiation4

Inhibition1

Freeze-thaw cycles4

Signaling pathway1

Genes3

Regulators3

Receptor1

Regulatory6

Gene8

Peptides1

Tyrosine residue1

Amino acids2

Differentially3

CDK41

Inhibits2

Checkpoint5

Phase7

Tumor suppressor1

Inhibitor1

Negatively regulates1

Similarity1

Extracellular1

Molecular4

Transcription1

Enzymes1

Signal transduction2

Nucleus3

Transcriptional2

Activity3

Encodes2

Complex3

Mammalian4

Phosphatase1

Biol Chem1

Expression8

Mutations3