• Elemental phosphorus exists in two major forms, white phosphorus and red phosphorus, but because it is highly reactive, phosphorus is never found as a free element on Earth. (wikipedia.org)
  • Elemental phosphorus was first isolated as white phosphorus in 1669. (wikipedia.org)
  • Elemental phosphorus was first isolated from human urine, and bone ash was an important early phosphate source. (wikipedia.org)
  • From the perspective of applications and chemical literature, the most important form of elemental phosphorus is white phosphorus, often abbreviated as WP. (wikipedia.org)
  • 5) "Phosphorus" means elemental phosphorus. (wa.gov)
  • Ingestion of elemental white or yellow phosphorus typically causes severe vomiting and diarrhea, which are both described as "smoking," "luminescent," and having a garlic-like odor. (cdc.gov)
  • Although phosphate production is a by-product of elemental phosphorus metabolism in humans, a normal phosphate concentration does not rule out an elemental phosphorus exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Detection of elemental phosphorus in environmental samples, as determined by NIOSH, and an elevated phosphorus level in food, as determined by FDA, might also indicate that an exposure has occurred. (cdc.gov)
  • A clinically compatible case in which a high index of suspicion (credible threat or patient history regarding location and time) exists for elemental white or yellow phosphorus exposure, or an epidemiologic link exists between this case and a laboratory-confirmed case. (cdc.gov)
  • Acute elemental phosphorus poisoning in man: cardiovascular toxicity. (cdc.gov)
  • The elemental phosphorus is only present as part of organic and inorganic compounds, and it is not present in a "free" form in the human body. (medscape.com)
  • 3 The concentration of phosphorus in any household laundry detergent must not exceed 1.1% by weight expressed as phosphorus pentoxide or 0.5% by weight expressed as elemental phosphorus. (gc.ca)
  • 4 The concentration of phosphorus in any commercial or industrial laundry detergent must not exceed 5% by weight expressed as phosphorus pentoxide or 2.2% by weight expressed as elemental phosphorus. (gc.ca)
  • 6 The concentration of phosphorus in any household cleaner, other than a laundry detergent, dish-washing compound, metal cleaner or de-greasing compound, must not exceed 1.1% by weight expressed as phosphorus pentoxide or 0.5% by weight expressed as elemental phosphorus. (gc.ca)
  • Elemental phosphorus can exist in several allotropes , most commonly white, red and black. (wikidoc.org)
  • Elemental phosphorus is then liberated as a vapour and can be collected under phosphoric acid . (wikidoc.org)
  • Elemental phosphorus is a white or yellow, waxy substance that burns on contact with air. (mountsinai.org)
  • You should only take elemental phosphorus under the guidance of a qualified professional. (mountsinai.org)
  • Phosphorus does not exist in elemental form in the natural environment because elemental P is extremely reactive and readily combines with oxygen (O) to form phosphate (PO 4 ). (ufl.edu)
  • In minerals, phosphorus generally occurs as phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phosphate is needed to replace the phosphorus that plants remove from the soil, and its annual demand is rising nearly twice as fast as the growth of the human population. (wikipedia.org)
  • White phosphorus is a toxic substance produced from phosphate-containing rocks. (cdc.gov)
  • White phosphorus can build up slightly in naturally, but is manufactured from phosphate rocks. (cdc.gov)
  • We usually think of phosphorus more in terms of dissolved phosphate, but (excepting the many biological forms) phosphorus actually occurs in aquariums in four different forms: dissolved inorganic phosphorus, particulate inorganic phosphorus, dissolved organic phosphorus and particulate organic phosphorus. (thekrib.com)
  • Phosphate is often referred as "phosphorus," a practice that is inaccurate and misleading. (medscape.com)
  • Many different types of foods contain phosphorus, mainly in the form of phosphates and phosphate esters [ 1 ]. (nih.gov)
  • Although phosphorus status is not typically assessed, phosphate can be measured in both serum and plasma [ 10 ]. (nih.gov)
  • However, plasma and serum phosphate levels do not necessarily reflect whole-body phosphorus content [ 1 , 11 ]. (nih.gov)
  • A multivalent nonmetal of the nitrogen group , phosphorus is commonly found in inorganic phosphate rocks . (wikidoc.org)
  • This process is similar to the first synthesis of phosphorus from calcium phosphate in urine. (wikidoc.org)
  • The authors noted that studies have shown that niacin lowers serum phosphorus by inhibiting the expression of type IIb sodium-phosphate co-transporters, which are responsible for absorption of phosphate through the gastrointestinal tract. (renalandurologynews.com)
  • The results showed that the dominant water quality parameters affecting estuarine water quality were salinity, total organic matter, nitrogen content, either in the form of ammonia, nitrate, or nitrite, and phosphorus content, especially phosphate. (who.int)
  • The odour of combustion of this form has a characteristic garlic smell, and samples are commonly coated with white phosphorus pentoxide, which consists of P 4O 10 tetrahedra with oxygen inserted between the phosphorus atoms and at their vertices. (wikipedia.org)
  • The vast majority of phosphorus compounds mined are consumed as fertilisers. (wikipedia.org)
  • In soil, white phosphorus may stick to particles and be changed within a few days to less harmful compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • Industries use white phosphorus to manufacture chemicals used in fertilizers, food additives, and cleaning compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • White phosphorus is used by the military in various to less harmful compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • Provides a high level reference source for scientists engaged in any aspect of plant research - chemistry, biochemistry or physiology - with primary focus on the chemistry of phosphorus-containing compounds that occur naturally in the plant kingdom, and specifically in the higher plants (Plantae). (google.com)
  • There are many tables of actual data on phosphorus compounds occurring in whole plants and parts of plants. (google.com)
  • The tables provide detailed data that is needed by the food industry, agriculture, etc as many of the phosphorus compounds are common to both plants and animals. (google.com)
  • Two appendices cover other aspects including changes in phosphorus-containing compounds during germination and their accumulation during growth and senescence. (google.com)
  • Francois MR, Stephen F. Phosphorus Compounds. (medscape.com)
  • phosphorus and its compounds thereof are nutrients. (gc.ca)
  • Phosphorus triiodide reacts vigorously with water, producing phosphorous acid (H 3 PO 3 ) and hydroiodic acid (HI), along with smaller amounts of phosphine and P-P compounds. (wikidoc.org)
  • For this reason, white phosphorus that is aged or otherwise impure (e.g., weapons-grade, not lab-grade WP) is also called yellow phosphorus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acute yellow phosphorus poisoning: smoking stool syndrome. (cdc.gov)
  • An evaluation of childhood deaths in Turkey due to yellow phosphorus in firecrackers. (medscape.com)
  • Türkmen Şamdanci E, Çakir E, Şahin N, Elmali C, Sayin S. Clinical and Pathological Findings on Intoxication by Yellow Phosphorus After Ingesting Firework Cracker: A Rare Case of Autopsy. (medscape.com)
  • White (or yellow) phosphorus is the most common and most reactive of the three allotropic forms of phosphorus. (medscape.com)
  • For this reason it is also called yellow phosphorus. (wikidoc.org)
  • Recently, we showed that growth of the macroalga Lobophora variegata on the fringing reefs of Curacao was co-limited by nitrogen and phosphorus 6 , indicating that elevated DIN and DIP concentrations potentially may have major effects on these ecosystems. (nature.com)
  • Do Nitrogen and Phosphorus Additions Affect Nitrogen Fixation Associated with Tropical Mosses? (lu.se)
  • tropical cloud forest}}, language = {{eng}}, number = {{7}}, publisher = {{MDPI AG}}, series = {{Plants}}, title = {{Do Nitrogen and Phosphorus Additions Affect Nitrogen Fixation Associated with Tropical Mosses? (lu.se)
  • This study aimed to determine the total organic contents, total Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in the estuary waters of Maros as a source of brackish water for fish pond aquaculture in Maros Regency. (who.int)
  • When exposed to air, it spontaneously ignites and is oxidized rapidly to phosphorus pentoxide. (medscape.com)
  • With a melting point of 44 °C, white phosphorus is insoluble in water and above 30 °C, the particles spontaneously oxidize when in contact with the atmosphere forming phosphorus pentoxide a strong desiccant and dehydrating agent. (medscape.com)
  • White phosphorus emits a faint glow when exposed to oxygen - hence the name, taken from Greek mythology, Φωσφόρος meaning 'light-bearer' (Latin Lucifer), referring to the "Morning Star", the planet Venus. (wikipedia.org)
  • As part of the Chesapeake Clean Water Blueprint, Maryland is required to reduce phosphorus pollution 48 percent by 2025. (cbf.org)
  • The pathways shown with single symbols are pathways that might be supressed to reduce phosphorus problems. (thekrib.com)
  • The phosphorus index promotes conservation practices that reduce phosphorus loss from agricultural fields. (missouri.edu)
  • Government regulatory and cost-share programs require many farmers applying manure to assess the potential for phosphorus loss from their fields in an effort to reduce phosphorus loss from agricultural fields. (missouri.edu)
  • The results indicated that the poly aluminum chloride is the preferred one that could remove phosphorus up to 80%, followed by aluminum chloride and aluminum sulfate. (scirp.org)
  • It is suggested that the poly aluminum chloride should be the best option to remove phosphorus in water plant. (scirp.org)
  • Reducing phosphorus at its source saves municipalities the millions of dollars it would cost to remove phosphorus from storm water. (riverkeeper.org)
  • 5) While significant reductions of phosphorus from laundry detergent have been accomplished, similar progress in reducing phosphorus contributions from dishwashing detergents has not been achieved. (wa.gov)
  • It is therefore the intent of the legislature to impose a statewide limit on the phosphorus content of household detergents. (wa.gov)
  • The department is responsible for notifying major distributors and wholesalers of the statewide limit on phosphorus in detergents. (wa.gov)
  • On July 15, 2010, Gov. Paterson signed into law new legislation banning the use of phosphorus in dish-washing detergents and lawn fertilizers throughout New York. (riverkeeper.org)
  • Phosphorus in wastewater has declined significantly since the 1970s because P has been reduced or eliminated in detergents. (ufl.edu)
  • The military uses white phosphorus in various types of ammunition as an incendiary agent, because it spontaneously catches fire in air. (cdc.gov)
  • Nov 17 (Reuters) - The Pentagon has acknowledged using incendiary white-phosphorus munitions in a 2004 offensive against insurgents in the Iraqi city of Falluja. (globalsecurity.org)
  • White phosphorus munitions are primarily used by the U.S. military to make smoke screens or mark targets as a signaling mechanism, but also as an incendiary weapon, the Pentagon said. (globalsecurity.org)
  • [ 1 ] Because of its reactivity, white phosphorus has been used as an incendiary agent by the military or as an igniter for munitions. (medscape.com)
  • The use of incendiary bombs - designed to start fires using materials such as napalm, white phosphorus or other dangerous chemicals - is strictly prohibited by the UN. (rt.com)
  • The human rights group Amnesty International said Tuesday Oct. 31, 2023 that civilians in southern Lebanon were injured earlier this month when Israeli forces hit a border village with shells containing white phosphorus, a controversial incendiary munition. (kron4.com)
  • For uses of Phosphorus 6C see the main Phosphorus page for materia medica from Boericke, Boger, Clarke, Hahnemann, Hering, Kent Lectures, Nash, T.F. Allen and our reversed & reworded Kent repertory. (abchomeopathy.com)
  • Little information is available about the health effects that may be caused by white phosphorus. (cdc.gov)
  • that may be caused by white phosphorus. (cdc.gov)
  • High levels of phosphorus in blood only occur in people with severe kidney disease or severe dysfunction of their calcium regulation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Phosphorus signifies an essential element in molecular biology, yet given the limited solubility of phosphates on early Earth, alternative sources like meteoritic phosphides have been proposed to incorporate phosphorus into biomolecules under prebiotic terrestrial conditions. (nature.com)
  • Bacterial and algal phosphatase activity convert dissolved organic phosphorus to phosphates. (thekrib.com)
  • Higher serum phosphorus levels, even within the normal range, may be a risk factor for coronary artery atherosclerosis in healthy young adults," the study authors write. (medscape.com)
  • Serum phosphorus levels ≥3.5 mg/dL were associated with both mild and moderate anemia. (medscape.com)
  • Almost all foods contain phosphorus, but the amounts of phosphorus are greater in animal products and high-protein foods like meats, fowl, fish, eggs, and dairy. (dummies.com)
  • the inhala tion exposure limit for white phosphorus in the workplace during an 8-hour workday at 0.1 milligram of Eating or drinking small amounts of white phosphorus white phospho rus per cubic meter of air (0.1 mg/m3). (cdc.gov)
  • Be aware of unconscious individuals with a history of percussion injuries from white phosphorus-containing munitions, who may pose an exposure hazard to the health care provider. (medscape.com)
  • White phosphorus skin exposure results in painful chemical burn injuries. (medscape.com)
  • Inhalation of white phosphorus smoke is presumed to be the least severe form of exposure, as it has not been shown to cause casualties. (medscape.com)
  • Title : Exposure to organic phosphorus sprays and occurrence of selected symptoms Personal Author(s) : Hayes, Wayland J.;Dixon, Ernest M.;Batchelor, Gordon S.;Upholt, William M. (cdc.gov)
  • However, phosphorus in seeds and unleavened breads is in the form of phytic acid, the storage form of phosphorus [ 2 ]. (nih.gov)
  • The bulk of phosphorus produced with this method is then converted to phosphoric acid that is used in agriculture for the production of fertilizers, rodenticides, fireworks and doping agent for silicon in the manufacturing of semiconductors. (medscape.com)
  • As the amount of phosphorus you eat rises, so does the need for calcium. (mountsinai.org)
  • The amount of phosphorus coming from those types has gone down a lot, and now what we are left with is agricultural and urban runoff from the landscape," he said. (wisc.edu)
  • While Maryland is on track to meet its phosphorus reduction goals statewide, soil phosphorus saturation and the potential for phosphorus runoff is not evenly distributed. (cbf.org)
  • A phosphorus index (P index) is one of the management tools that can be used to identify agricultural fields with a high potential for phosphorus losses in runoff. (missouri.edu)
  • The P index is a systematic method for integrating a wide range of field characteristics into a prediction of the potential for phosphorus loss from the field. (missouri.edu)
  • b) the scope of its accreditation includes the analysis performed to determine the concentration of phosphorus. (gc.ca)
  • [ 9 ] These changes result in the development of progressive anuria, decreased creatinine clearance, and increased blood phosphorus levels. (medscape.com)
  • Small amounts of white phosphorus were used in the past in pesticides and fireworks. (cdc.gov)
  • We do not know what the effects are from eating or drinking very small amounts of white phosphorus-containing substances over long periods of time. (cdc.gov)
  • A diet that includes the right amounts of calcium and protein will also provide enough phosphorus. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Fruits and vegetables contain only small amounts of phosphorus. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Soil can be tested to determine how much phosphorus it contains, and is then classified as having "low," "medium," "optimum," or "excessive" amounts. (cbf.org)
  • The kidneys, bones, and intestines regulate phosphorus homeostasis, which requires maintenance of urinary losses at equivalent levels to net phosphorus absorption and ensuring that equal amounts of phosphorus are deposited and resorbed from bone [ 1 , 7 , 8 ]. (nih.gov)
  • Sodas and other drinks containing phosphoric acid may cause excessive amounts of phosphorus intake, which can interfere with proper calcium metabolism. (dummies.com)
  • This is the first time we've seen white phosphorus used on areas with civilians in such large amounts," Ali Noureddine, a paramedic who was among the responding emergency workers, said. (kron4.com)
  • It enters the aquarium from tap water, sometimes from water treatments like pH buffers and as inorganic phosphorus wasted through the gills and kidneys of animals. (thekrib.com)
  • It is converted to particulate inorganic phosphorus by sorption and precipitation. (thekrib.com)
  • It is formed within an aquarium by sorption and precipitation of dissolved inorganic phosphorus. (thekrib.com)
  • White phosphorus is a waxy solid which burns easily and is used in chemical manufacturing and smoke munitions. (cdc.gov)
  • White phosphorus is a colorless, white, or yellow waxy solid with a garlic-like odor. (cdc.gov)
  • Munitions-quality white phosphorus is generally found as a waxy, yellow, transparent solid. (medscape.com)
  • White phosphorus is a yellow, waxy transparent solid. (wikidoc.org)
  • When your pet requires additional calcium and phosphorus, PetAg Calcium Phosphorus provides these two minerals in a highly biologically available formulation. (drugs.com)
  • Dissolved organic phosphorus* is biologically available to bacteria and possibly to algae, but I haven't found references saying it is available to plants. (thekrib.com)
  • This P 4 tetrahedron is also present in liquid and gaseous phosphorus up to the temperature of 800 °C (1,470 °F) when it starts decomposing to P 2 molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • The β form of white phosphorus contains three slightly different P 4 molecules, i.e. 18 different P-P bond lengths between 2.1768(5) and 2.1920(5) Å. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phosphorus forms individual P4 molecules. (answers.com)
  • To follow up this discovery and related future exoplanet biosignature detections, it is important to spectroscopically detect the presence of phosphorus-bearing atmospheric molecules that could be involved in the chemical networks producing, destroying or reacting with phosphine. (frontiersin.org)
  • We start by enumerating phosphorus-bearing molecules (P-molecules) that could potentially be detected spectroscopically in planetary atmospheres and collecting all available spectral data. (frontiersin.org)
  • White phosphorus (P 4 ) exists as individual molecules made up of four atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement, resulting in very high ring strain and instability. (wikidoc.org)
  • This problem is especially troubling on the Eastern Shore, where phosphorus-rich poultry litter from the area's growing poultry industry is extensively used as fertilizer. (cbf.org)
  • At the same time, not all agricultural producers will be negatively impacted by the new PMT regulations, and in fact, some will benefit from greater availability of manure fertilizer that they can readily use on fields that need additional phosphorus. (cbf.org)
  • Applying a dynamic phosphorus (P) pool simulator under different socioeconomic scenarios, we find that cropland expansion can be avoided with less than 7% additional cumulative P fertilizer over 2006-2050 when comparing with cropland expansion scenarios, mostly targeted at nutrient-depleted soils of sub-Saharan Africa. (pbl.nl)
  • However, he noted, "We've turned that cycle into a straight line and that line runs into the water" when phosphorus in the form of fertilizer is applied to farm fields, golf courses and lawns. (wisc.edu)
  • Knowing the level of Phosphorus in the soil and applying fertilizer at agronomic rates at the right time for plant uptake will decrease the risk of loss. (msu.edu)
  • Knowing the proper management for the type of fertilizer being used (manure or commercial) and the application methods that help to keep the nutrients in the field and available for crop uptake also will decrease the risk of losing the phosphorus to the environment. (msu.edu)
  • Cyanobacteria growth was enhanced in these conditions by the combined addition of ammonium nitrate, urea, and phosphorus fertilizer. (cdc.gov)
  • Growth also occurred when using either ammonium nitrate or urea fertilizer with no additional phosphorus input, suggesting that phosphorus was not limiting the cyanobacteria at the time of sample collection. (cdc.gov)
  • Quite apart from the underlying determinants, the associations seen in this study suggest that high phosphorus levels might help to identify young adults for whom modifiable risk factors might be screened and managed more aggressively. (medscape.com)
  • The combination of high phosphorus intakes with low calcium intakes increases serum PTH levels, but evidence is mixed on whether the increased hormone levels decrease bone mineral density [ 2 , 4-6 ]. (nih.gov)
  • Phosphorus standard is also known as black phosphorus. (answers.com)
  • One of the forms of red/black phosphorus is a cubic solid. (wikidoc.org)
  • Black phosphorus has an orthorhombic structure (C mca ) and is the least reactive allotrope, it consists of many six-membered rings which are interlinked. (wikidoc.org)
  • [3] [4] A recent synthesis of black phosphorus using metal salts as catalysts has been reported. (wikidoc.org)
  • higher phosphorus concentrations in runoff carry more phosphorus to a stream or lake. (missouri.edu)
  • We sought to determine whether higher phosphorus levels are associated with anemia in a large diverse population without CKD and early CKD. (medscape.com)
  • Higher phosphorus levels were associated with a greater likelihood for anemia in a population with early CKD and normal kidney function. (medscape.com)
  • Costs and benefits will shift geographically based on the location of fields that can use additional phosphorus. (cbf.org)
  • Dosages for phosphorus, as well as other nutrients, are provided in the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) developed by the Food and Nutrition Board at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Several studies suggest that higher intakes of phosphorus are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. (mountsinai.org)
  • Phosphorus, like nitrogen and other nutrients, is vital to crops. (cbf.org)
  • Calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D are essential nutrients for proper bone and teeth development. (drugs.com)
  • However, the availability of nutrients, especially N and phosphorus (P), can influence BNF rates drastically. (lu.se)
  • It is produced in aquariums from organic phosphorus by bacterial and algal phosphatase activity. (thekrib.com)
  • Particulate organic phosphorus* isn't available to plants and algae, but is available to animals. (thekrib.com)
  • Water entering the estuary has an impact on high concentrations of total organic matter, increased concentrations of Total N, and phosphorus. (who.int)
  • If you work in industries that use or manufacture white phosphorus or munitions containing white phosphorus. (cdc.gov)
  • munitions containing white phosphorus. (cdc.gov)
  • Since most exposures to white phosphorus occur in the military setting with the use of munitions, a history frequently is obtained easily. (medscape.com)
  • Environmental risk assessment of white phosphorus from the use of munitions - a probabilistic approach. (medscape.com)
  • Excess phosphorus contributes to dead zones-areas with low levels of oxygen where marine life cannot live-in creeks, rivers, and the Chesapeake Bay. (cbf.org)
  • However, like nitrogen, when there is more phosphorus in the soil than the crops can take up, the excess runs off the field and into nearby streams. (cbf.org)
  • In addition to how much excess phosphorus is in the soil, the Phosphorus Management Tool (PMT) takes into consideration the slope of the land, type of soil, and proximity of waters-all factors that affect the likelihood that excess phosphorus will find its way into local waterways. (cbf.org)
  • Future applications of manure will be limited in these areas and farmers will need to implement techniques that remove some of the excess phosphorus or draw it down slowly. (cbf.org)
  • Excess phosphorus also can reduce water clarity, cause fish kills, increase drinking water treatment costs and reduce the quality of drinking water. (missouri.edu)
  • MU Extension publications G9181, Agricultural Phosphorus and Water Quality , and G9182, Managing Manure Phosphorus to Protect Water Quality , have additional information on the impact of excess phosphorus on stream and lake water quality and the factors affecting phosphorus loss from agricultural fields. (missouri.edu)
  • Reservoirs often receive excess nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) lost from agricultural land, and may subsequently influence N and P delivery to inland and coastal waters through internal processes such as nutrient burial, denitrification, and nutrient turnover. (springer.com)
  • This new statewide ban will help to protect waters from harmful algae blooms like those that occur in New York City's reservoirs from excess phosphorus pollution. (riverkeeper.org)
  • Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for all crops, yet its excess negatively affects public health , the environment , and the economy. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the air, white phosphorus reacts rapidly with oxygen to produce relatively harmless chemicals within minutes. (cdc.gov)
  • In water with low oxygen, white phosphorus may degrade to a highly toxic compound called phosphine, which eventually evaporates to the air and is changed to less harmful chemicals. (cdc.gov)
  • Pronounced hwt fs'fr-s) phosphine, which eventually evaporates to the White phosphorus is a colorless, white, or yellow air and is changed to less harmful chemicals. (cdc.gov)
  • The most important commercial use of phosphorus-based chemicals is the production of fertilisers . (wikidoc.org)
  • For simplicity, biological uptake of phosphorus isn't included in the sketch. (thekrib.com)
  • One of the most important methods is reducing the amount of phosphorous applied to fields that have the highest risk of phosphorus runoff, which pollutes local waters, especially on the Eastern Shore. (cbf.org)
  • Enter the Phosphorus Management Tool (PMT), a science-based method of identifying the fields that contain the most phosphorous and have the highest risk of phosphorus runoff. (cbf.org)
  • In the form of phospholipids, phosphorus is also a component of cell membrane structure and of the body's key energy source, ATP. (nih.gov)
  • In white phosphorus, phosphorus atoms are arranged in groups of 4, written as P4. (wikipedia.org)
  • The glow of phosphorus is caused by oxidation of the white (but not red) phosphorus - a process now called chemiluminescence. (wikipedia.org)
  • The two most common allotropes are white phosphorus and red phosphorus. (wikipedia.org)
  • This has been illustrated by calculations of the magnetically induced currents, which sum up to 29 nA/T, much more than in the archetypical aromatic molecule benzene (11 nA/T). Crystalline structures of some phosphorus allotropes White phosphorus exists in two crystalline forms: α (alpha) and β (beta). (wikipedia.org)
  • White phosphorus is the least stable, the most reactive, the most volatile, the least dense and the most toxic of the allotropes. (wikipedia.org)
  • White phosphorus gradually changes to red phosphorus. (wikipedia.org)
  • This transformation is accelerated by light and heat, and samples of white phosphorus almost always contain some red phosphorus and accordingly appear yellow. (wikipedia.org)
  • When exposed to oxygen, white phosphorus glows in the dark with a very faint tinge of green and blue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Owing to its pyrophoricity, white phosphorus is used as an additive in napalm. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is the standard form for white phosphorus. (answers.com)
  • This fact sheet answers the most frequently asked health questions (FAQs) about white phosphorus. (cdc.gov)
  • White phosphorus has been found in at least 77 of the 1,416 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (cdc.gov)
  • What is white phosphorus? (cdc.gov)
  • White phosphorus reacts rapidly with oxygen, easily catching fire at temperatures 10 to 15 degrees above room temperature. (cdc.gov)
  • White phosphorus is used by the military in various types of ammunition, and to produce smoke for concealing troop movements and identifying targets. (cdc.gov)
  • What happens to white phosphorus when it enters the environment? (cdc.gov)
  • White phosphorus can enter the environment when it is made, used in manufacturing or by the military, or accidentally spilled during transport and storage. (cdc.gov)
  • In water, white phosphorus reacts with oxygen within hours or days. (cdc.gov)
  • White phosphorus can build up slightly in the bodies of fish that live in contaminated lakes or streams. (cdc.gov)
  • In deep soil or sediments with little oxygen, white phosphorus may remain unchanged for many years. (cdc.gov)
  • How might I be exposed to white phosphorus? (cdc.gov)
  • Breathing contaminated air near a facility that is using white phosphorus. (cdc.gov)
  • Eating contaminated fish or game birds from sites containing white phosphorus. (cdc.gov)
  • Drinking or swimming in water that has been contaminated with white phosphorus. (cdc.gov)
  • Touching soil contaminated with white phosphorus. (cdc.gov)
  • How can white phosphorus affect my health? (cdc.gov)
  • Most of what is known about the effects of breathing white phosphorus is from studies of workers. (cdc.gov)
  • Most of what is known about the effects of eating white phosphorus is from reports of people eating rat poison or fireworks that contained it. (cdc.gov)
  • Breathing white phosphorus for short periods may cause coughing and irritation of the throat and lungs. (cdc.gov)
  • Breathing white phosphorus for long periods may cause a condition known as "phossy jaw" which involves poor wound healing of the mouth and breakdown of the jaw bone. (cdc.gov)
  • Skin contact with burning white phosphorus may burn skin or cause liver, heart, and kidney damage. (cdc.gov)
  • We do not know whether or not white phosphorus can affect the ability to have children or cause birth defects in people. (cdc.gov)
  • How likely is white phosphorus to cause cancer? (cdc.gov)
  • The EPA has determined that white phosphorus is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity in humans. (cdc.gov)
  • There are no studies available in people or animals that suggest white phosphorus causes cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • Is there a medical test to show whether I've been exposed to white phosphorus? (cdc.gov)
  • It has a match-like or garlic-like, acrid odor, but do not depend on odor for detection of white phosphorus. (cdc.gov)
  • Indoor Air: White phosphorus can release into indoor air as smoke. (cdc.gov)
  • Water: White phosphorus can contaminate water. (cdc.gov)
  • Food: White phosphorus cannot be used to contaminate food. (cdc.gov)
  • Outdoor Air: White phosphorus can enter outdoor air as smoke. (cdc.gov)
  • Agricultural: If white phosphorus releases as smoke, it is unlikely to contaminate agricultural products. (cdc.gov)
  • However, particles of white phosphorus that do not react with air may contaminate agricultural products. (cdc.gov)
  • White phosphorus absorbs into the body when inhaled, ingested, or through skin contact. (cdc.gov)
  • White phosphorus reacts rapidly with oxygen, easily lakes or streams. (cdc.gov)
  • In soil, white phosphorus may stick to room temperature. (cdc.gov)
  • white phosphorus may remain unchanged for many years. (cdc.gov)
  • White phosphorus can enter the environment when from sites containing white phosphorus. (cdc.gov)
  • been contaminated with white phosphorus. (cdc.gov)
  • The EPA has listed white phosphorus as a Hazardous is from studies of workers. (cdc.gov)
  • The EPA requires that spills or accidental the effects of eating white phosphorus is from reports of releases into the environment of 1 pound or more of people eating rat poison or fireworks that contained it. (cdc.gov)
  • white phosphorus be reported to the EPA. (cdc.gov)
  • The Pentagon says white phosphorus is a conventional munition that is not outlawed or illegal or banned by any convention. (globalsecurity.org)
  • In the November 2004 Marine-led offensive in Falluja that involved fierce urban fighting, the Pentagon acknowledged using white phosphorus weapons against enemy fighters in a what they called a "shake-and-bake technique. (globalsecurity.org)
  • Patients who have ingested white phosphorus present with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. (medscape.com)
  • [ 10 ] 11 Inhalation of white phosphorus fumes can result in chemical pneumonitis. (medscape.com)
  • Aviv U, Kornhaber R, Harats M, Haik J. The burning issue of white phosphorus: a case report and review of the literature. (medscape.com)
  • White phosphorus burns and arsenic inhalation: a toxic combination. (medscape.com)
  • Frank M, Schmucker U, Nowotny T, Ekkernkamp A, Hinz P. Not all that glistens is gold: civilian white phosphorus burn injuries. (medscape.com)
  • Okazaki A, Takeda Y, Matsuda Y, Shibata K, Kasahara K. Chemical Pneumonitis Caused by Inhalation of White Phosphorus Fumes. (medscape.com)
  • Gonzalez-Andrade F, Lopez-Pulles R. White phosphorus poisoning by oral ingestion of firecrackers or little devils: current experience in Ecuador. (medscape.com)
  • Muller D, Avissar YY, Kimchi S, Grafit A. An analytical method to identify traces of white phosphorus on burned victim clothes. (medscape.com)
  • Witkowski W, Surowiecka-Pastewka A, Biesaga M, Gierczak T. Experimental Comparison of Efficiency of First Aid Dressings in Burning White Phosphorus on Bacon Model. (medscape.com)
  • White phosphorus commonly is found in hand grenades, mortar and artillery rounds, and smoke bombs. (medscape.com)
  • Most injuries associated with white phosphorus are the result of accidents due to either human or mechanical error. (medscape.com)
  • White phosphorus can cause significant injury and death, and its use by the military has been highly criticized. (medscape.com)
  • White phosphorus is highly lipid soluble and, as such, is believed to have rapid dermal penetration once particles are embedded under the skin. (medscape.com)
  • Few studies have investigated the degree of tissue destruction associated with white phosphorus injuries. (medscape.com)
  • Oral ingestion of white phosphorus in humans has been demonstrated to result in pathologic changes to the liver and kidneys. (medscape.com)
  • The ingestion of a small quantity of white phosphorus can cause gastrointestinal complaints such as nausea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting. (medscape.com)
  • During the latest news briefing, State Department spokesperson Jen Psaki veered away from answering an AP journalist's question about the reported use of white phosphorus bombs by Kiev's army. (rt.com)
  • According to the video, "it's very likely that white phosphorus" was used, Shoebridge added. (rt.com)
  • Red phosphorus may be formed by heating white phosphorus to 250°C (482°F) or by exposing white phosphorus to sunlight. (wikidoc.org)
  • Red phosphorus does not catch fire in air at temperatures below 240°C, whereas white phosphorus ignites at about 30°C. (wikidoc.org)
  • FILE - A shell that appears to be white phosphorus from Israeli artillery explodes over Aita al-Shaab, a Lebanese border village with Israel, south Lebanon, on Oct. 15, 2023. (kron4.com)
  • The organization said it verified three other instances of Israel's military dropping white phosphorus on Lebanese border areas in the past month, but Amnesty said it did not document any harm to civilians in those cases. (kron4.com)
  • Human rights advocates say the use of white phosphorus is illegal under international law when the white-hot chemical substance is fired into populated areas. (kron4.com)
  • The group said it had verified photos that showed white phosphorus shells lined up next to Israeli artillery near the tense Lebanon-Israel border. (kron4.com)
  • The Amnesty report is the latest in a series of allegations by human rights groups that Israeli forces have dropped shells containing white phosphorus on densely populated residential areas in Gaza and Lebanon during the ongoing Israel-Hamas war. (kron4.com)
  • The rights group said it also verified cases of white phosphorus shelling on the border town of Aita al Shaab and over open land close to the village of al-Mari. (kron4.com)
  • Amnesty and Human Rights Watch have also reported an alleged case of white phosphorus shelling in a populated area of the Gaza Strip during the current Israel-Hamas war but have not verified civilian injuries from it. (kron4.com)
  • Burns frequently are second and third degree because of the rapid ignition and highly lipophilic properties of white phosphorus. (medscape.com)
  • This is linked to a legacy of phosphorus over-application and the fast drainage of agricultural fields to tidal waters through a network of drainage ditches. (cbf.org)
  • Phosphorus loss from an agricultural field is determined by the interaction of many different characteristics of the field. (missouri.edu)
  • no single measurement or indicator is sufficient to predict phosphorus loss susceptibility of an agricultural field. (missouri.edu)
  • The content of phosphorus and its fraction in the substrate mixture undergoing fermentation in the real agricultural biogas plant and in the digestate was determined. (mdpi.com)
  • It also explains the element's paradox-phosphorus brings agricultural plenty but can lead to devastation in waterways. (wisc.edu)
  • Assessing the phosphorus cycle in European agricultural soils: Looking beyond current national phosphorus budgets. (bvsalud.org)
  • Phosphorus (P) in onsite sewage treatment and disposal systems (hereafter referred to as septic systems) is a concern because P can impair water quality at much lower concentrations compared with nitrogen. (ufl.edu)
  • The addition of both nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate and urea) at the concentrations used in this study, in the absence of phosphorus, was deleterious to both the Chlorophyta and cyanobacteria. (cdc.gov)
  • However, the phosphorus is stored in a form that is not absorbed by humans. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Phosphorus levels correlate with atherosclerosis in both animal models and humans with advanced chronic kidney disease, but whether this relationship exists among individuals with normal kidney function is unknown," write Robert N. Foley, from the Cardiovascular Special Studies Center, United States Renal Data System, and the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, and colleagues. (medscape.com)
  • In humans, phosphorus makes up about 1 to 1.4% of fat-free mass. (nih.gov)
  • Phosphorus in the wastewater comes from toilet wastes as well as bath, laundry, and kitchen wastewater. (ufl.edu)
  • Phosphorus recovery from wastewater may be a requirement in Sweden in the future. (susana.org)
  • An intermediate target is that by 2015, at least 60 per cent of the phosphorus in wastewater shall be restored to productive soil, of which half should be returned to arable land. (susana.org)
  • In Turkey from 1997-2012, 16 deaths of children ages 2-15 years old were attributed to the ingestion of phosphorus firecrackers. (medscape.com)
  • Phosphorus, an essential mineral, is naturally present in many foods and available as a dietary supplement. (nih.gov)
  • Too much phosphorus is generally caused by kidney disease or by consuming too much dietary phosphorus and not enough dietary calcium. (mountsinai.org)
  • further heating results in the red phosphorus becoming crystalline. (wikidoc.org)
  • Most of the phosphorus in the body is found in the bones and teeth. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The main function of phosphorus is in the formation of bones and teeth. (medlineplus.gov)
  • About 85% of the body's phosphorus is in bones and teeth. (mountsinai.org)
  • Phosphorus helps filter out waste in the kidneys and plays an essential role in how the body stores and uses energy. (mountsinai.org)
  • Phosphorus is so readily available in the food supply that deficiency is rare. (medlineplus.gov)
  • excesses of phosphorus may alter calcium balance, and phosphorus deficiency may lead to energy and metabolic problems. (dummies.com)
  • The serum phosphorus level may vary based on the etiology, trending towards higher values with reduced kidney function and lower values with vitamin D deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • The delicate balance between calcium and phosphorus is necessary for proper bone density and prevention of osteoporosis. (mountsinai.org)
  • Phosphorus plays a major role in physiological functioning, including energy production, cellular replication and bone mineral metabolism. (medscape.com)