PhosphoinositideProteinHydrolysisSignaling pathwayPhosphatidylinositolIsoformsEnzymeRegulationStimulationProstaglandinGammaGeneIsoformActivationSerumCalciumBetaExpressionReceptorsMajorTypePhosphoinositideInhibitorEnzymesCatalyze the hydrolysisCytosolicPLA2G6PLD1Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphateMiceTumor cells1999ProteinsSelectivelyLocalizationMembranePhosphodiesteraseNuclearFunctionalRegulateActivityGroupCellAcidActs
Phosphoinositide1
- A phosphoinositide phospholipase C subtype that is primarily regulated by its association with HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEINS. (curehunter.com)
Protein3
- Phospholipase C delta 4 (PLCδ4) is a nuclear protein involved in cell proliferation and senescence in mesenchymal stromal stem cells. (nih.gov)
- The expression of protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzymes and the effects of PKC activation on myocardial phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity, platelet-activating factor (PAF) generation and eicosanoid release were studied in spontaneously beating cultured rat cardiomyocytes. (unige.ch)
- The physiological activator of protein kinase C (PKC), diacylglycerol, is formed by hydrolysis of phosphoinositides (PI) by phospholipase C (PLC) or phosphatidylcholine by phospholipase D (PLD). (reading.ac.uk)
Hydrolysis2
- This gene encodes a member of the phospholipase C family, which catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to generate the second messengers diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). (wikipedia.org)
- The stimulation of PI hydrolysis after 10 min by 0.1 microM ET-1 (about 12-fold) was much greater than for BK or PE (each about four-fold), and did not correlate with translocation of nPKC delta or nPKC epsilon (Clerk A. Bogoyevitch MA. (reading.ac.uk)
Signaling pathway1
- Phospholipase C delta-4 overexpression upregulates ErbB1/2 expression, Erk signaling pathway, and proliferation in MCF-7 cells. (nih.gov)
Phosphatidylinositol4
- Phospholipase C enzymes play a critical role in many cellular processes by hydrolyzing phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate into two intracellular second messengers, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. (nih.gov)
- 1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCD3 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- Mammalian phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) (see IPR000909 ) isoforms gamma and delta. (embl.de)
- In animal tissues, phosphatidylinositol is the primary source of the arachidonic acid required for biosynthesis of eicosanoids, including prostaglandins, via the action of the enzyme phospholipase A2. (hmdb.ca)
Isoforms1
- Phospholipase C isoforms delta 1 and delta 3 from human fibroblasts. (wikipedia.org)
Enzyme2
- Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Delta Like 1 Homolog (dLK1) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (tuberculosisdrugresearch.org)
- Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Delta Like 1 Homolog (dLK1) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids. (tuberculosisdrugresearch.org)
Regulation1
- Regulation of phospholipases C and D in rat ventricular myocytes: stimulation by endothelin-1, bradykinin and phenylephrine. (reading.ac.uk)
Stimulation1
- Stimulation of cardiomyocytes with 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) led to a rapid increase in particulate-bound PKC activity, a response attributed to the activation of alpha-, delta- and zeta- type PKCs but not beta-type PKC. (unige.ch)
Prostaglandin2
- Translocation of PKC alpha, delta and zeta was accompanied by simultaneous increases in cellular lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC), PAF, 15(S)-hydroxy-5,8,-11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostacyclin (PGI2) generation, suggesting that one or more of these isoenzymes directly or indirectly activates a PLA2 in these cells. (unige.ch)
- Interestingly, staphylococcal exotoxins have been implicated in the activation of phospholipase A2 and subsequent prostaglandin release (22, 23). (koeki-data.org)
Gamma2
- Western blotting analysis indicated that these cells contain PKC alpha, beta, delta and zeta, but not PKC gamma or epsilon. (unige.ch)
- There are four CaMKII isozymes, designated alpha, beta, gamma and delta, which may or may not be co-expressed in the same tissue type. (thermofisher.com)
Gene1
- This gene encodes a member of the delta class of phospholipase C enzymes. (nih.gov)
Isoform2
- Cloning of a novel phospholipase C-delta isoform from pacific purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) gametes and its expression during early embryonic development. (ox.ac.uk)
- In the present study, we describe the isolation of a cDNA encoding a novel PLC isoform of the delta (delta) subclass, PLC-deltasu, from the egg of the Pacific purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. (ox.ac.uk)
Activation4
- PKC alpha, delta and/or zeta therefore appear to play an important role in the PMA-mediated activation of cardiomyocyte PLA2, an event leading to subsequent production of PGI2, PGE2, 15-HETE, lyso-PC and PAF in this tissue. (unige.ch)
- We have measured activation of these phospholipases by endothelin-1 (ET-1), bradykinin (BK), or phenylephrine (PE) in ventricular myocytes cultured from neonatal rat. (reading.ac.uk)
- Acute opioid effects are mediated by inhibition of adenylate cyclase (reductions in intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentrations) and activation of phospholipase C. (mhmedical.com)
- Both alpha- and delta-toxin are well-characterized staphylococcal virulence factors, mediating a variety of pathological effects, including hemolytic activity, dermonecrosis, inflammasome activation, abscess formation, leukocyte oxidative burst, and reduced macrophage phagocytic killing (10,C14). (koeki-data.org)
Serum2
- Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Delta Like 1 Homolog from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (tuberculosisdrugresearch.org)
- Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Mouse Delta Like 1 Homolog (dLK1) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates or other biological fluids. (tuberculosisdrugresearch.org)
Calcium1
- One of the key mechanisms involved in triggering intracellular calcium release is the generation of the second messenger inositol-1,4,5-phosphate (IP(3)) by the phospholipase C (PLC) class of enzymes. (ox.ac.uk)
Beta1
- The following product was used in this experiment: Phospho-CaMKII alpha/beta/delta (Ser235) Polyclonal Antibody from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # PA5-105641, RRID AB_2817069. (thermofisher.com)
Expression1
- It was proposed that this expression of specific staphylococcal toxins governed increased mortality, namely, alpha-toxin and delta-toxin. (koeki-data.org)
Receptors1
- Humans and animals alike naturally synthesize endocannabinoids, chemical compounds that activate the same receptors as delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active component of marijuana ( Cannabis sativa ). (medscape.com)
Major2
- Secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) are major components of Bothrops snake venoms. (fapesp.br)
- Three major opioid receptor types were first identified: mu (μ, with subtypes μ 1 and μ 2 ), kappa (κ), and delta (δ). (mhmedical.com)
Type1
- The autoantigens include glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel (VGCC), metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 (mGluR1), and glutamate receptor delta (GluRdelta). (springer.com)
Phosphoinositide2
- A phosphoinositide phospholipase C subtype that is structurally defined by the presence of an N-terminal pleckstrin-homology and EF-hand domains, a central catalytic domain, and a C-terminal calcium-dependent membrane-binding domain. (bvsalud.org)
- Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) plays a critical role in the initiation of receptor mediated signal transduction through the generation of the two second messengers, inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate and diacylglycerol from phosphatidylinositol 4, 5 bisphosphate. (novusbio.com)
Inhibitor8
- This translocation was impaired by the phospholipase C inhibitor U-73122, which also substantially reduced apoptosis. (ox.ac.uk)
- 1) EPA acts as an inhibitor of the enzyme delta-5-desaturase (D5D) that produces Arachidonic Acid (AA) primarily from Omega-6. (myaquaomega.com)
- VU0155069 (CAY10593), compound 69, is a selective phospholipase D1 ( PLD 1) inhibitor with an IC 50 value of 46 nM in vitro. (medchemexpress.com)
- Halopemide is a potent phospholipase D ( PLD ) inhibitor, with IC 50 s of 220 and 310 nM for human PLD1 and PLD2, respectively. (medchemexpress.com)
- ML-270) is a potent and selective pharmacological phospholipase D1 ( PLD1 ) inhibitor with an IC 50 of 3.7 nM. (medchemexpress.com)
- VU 0364739 hydrochloride is a highly selective phospholipase D2 ( PLD2 ) inhibitor with IC 50 s of 20 and 1500 nM for PLD2 and PLD1, respectively. (medchemexpress.com)
- A3373, a novel chemical inhibitor of Phospholipase D1 (PLD1) and PLD2, with IC 50 of 325 nM and 15.15?μM, respectively, inhibits LPS-induced immune response and plays important roles in autoimmune arthritis, bone demineralization and osteoclastogenesis. (medchemexpress.com)
- BML-280 (VU0285655-1) is a potent and selective phospholipase D2 (PLD2) inhibitor. (medchemexpress.com)
Enzymes3
- Two of the strains (CIGBR23 and CIGBG1) also excreted lipases and proteases, and CIGBG1, in addition to these enzymes, also produced phospholipase and hydrogen sulfide. (sld.cu)
- The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. (joplink.net)
- Moreover, the two gamma-type enzymes, but not the beta and delta isozymes, are subject to activation by a number of protein tyrosine kinases which associate with their SH2 domains and induce their activation by phosphoryation. (novusbio.com)
Catalyze the hydrolysis2
- This gene encodes a member of the phospholipase C family, which catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to generate the second messengers diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). (wikipedia.org)
- The phospholipase A2 enzyme family, including PLA2G4D, catalyze the hydrolysis of glycerophospholipids at the sn-2 position and then liberate free fatty acids and lysophospholipids (Chiba et al. (nih.gov)
Cytosolic1
- The phospholipases are either cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha/beta/delta/zeta (PLA2G4A/B/D/F) (Ghomashchi et al. (reactome.org)
PLA2G61
- 2004), 85 kDa calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (PLA2G6) (Larsson et al. (reactome.org)
PLD11
- Activation of phospholipase D1 (PLD1) by Arf has been implicated in vesicle transport and membrane trafficking. (embl.de)
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate1
- 1-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCD3 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Mice3
- 1. Genetic ablation of phospholipase C delta 1 increases survival in SOD1(G93A) mice. (nih.gov)
- Sleep patterns in wild-type (PLCβ4 +/+ ) and phospholipase C β4-deficient (PLCβ4 −/− ) mice. (biomedcentral.com)
- b - c Representative hypnograms, fast Fourier transformation-derived delta (0.5-4 Hz) power, and EMG activity over 24 h in the PLCβ4 +/+ and PLCβ4 −/− mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumor cells1
- In at least some tumor cells, sigma antagonists cause calcium-dependent activation of phospholipase C and concomitant calcium-independent inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase pathway signaling. (hw.ac.uk)
19991
- 1999), group XVI phospholipase A2 (PLA2G16) (Duncan et al. (reactome.org)
Proteins2
- Coordinated activities of GC β (synthesizes cGMP) and PDEδ (hydrolyzes cGMP) regulate cGMP levels that activate PKG, leading to phospholipase C (PLC)/inositol triphosphate (IP3)-mediated Ca2+ release, phosphorylation of multiple proteins in the glideosome, and initiation of ookinete gliding. (pberghei.eu)
- The ARFs are a family of 21,000 M(r) proteins with biological roles in constitutive secretion and activation of phospholipase D. The structure of ARF-1 complexed to GDP determined from two crystal forms reveals a topology that is similar to that of the protein p21 ras with two differences: an additional amino-terminal helix and an extra beta-strand. (embl.de)
Selectively1
- Calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that selectively hydrolyzes glycerophospholipids in the sn-2 position (PubMed:14709560). (nih.gov)
Localization1
- Proteolytic activation of Notch induced by ligand is based on the correct polarized sorting and localization of the Notch ligand Delta, the Notch receptor and its trafficking partner Sanpodo (Spdo) . (sdbonline.org)
Membrane4
- At the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, phosphatidylcholine (PC) is hydrolyzed and has one of its acyl chains cleaved off by a phospholipase A2 to form 1-acyl lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). (reactome.org)
- 2) EPA has a similar function to corticosteroids and competes with phospholipase A2, which is necessary for the release of AA from the membrane where it is stored. (myaquaomega.com)
- Notch and Delta that localise apically and basally at the pIIa-pIIb interface are expressed at low levels and their residence time at the plasma membrane is in the order of minutes. (sdbonline.org)
- How Delta can effectively interact with Notch to trigger signalling from a large plasma membrane area remains poorly understood. (sdbonline.org)
Phosphodiesterase1
- 3'-5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), cGMP-dependent protein kinase G (PKG), phosphodiesterase delta (PDEδ), and guanylate cyclase beta (GC β ) have been shown to be crucial for ookinete motility in the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. (pberghei.eu)
Nuclear2
- Apoptosis was accompanied by a rapid (within 15 min) nuclear translocation of protein kinase C (PKC)-delta and subsequent lamin B1 disassembly. (ox.ac.uk)
- These data suggest that nuclear translocation and kinase activity of PKC-delta are both necessary for saturated fatty acid-induced apoptosis. (ox.ac.uk)
Functional1
- Functional association between Arf and RalA in active phospholipase D complex. (embl.de)
Regulate1
- It is proposed that Strat and Rab8 act at the exit of the Golgi apparatus to regulate the sorting and the polarized distribution of Notch, Delta and Spdo. (sdbonline.org)
Activity2
- We also showed that EGCG treatment increased phospholipase C (PLC) activity, and the same results were obtained with cGMP inducer treatment. (cheric.org)
- Clusters whose assembly relies on Bazooka and Sanpodo activities are also positive for Neuralized , the E3 ligase required for Delta activity. (sdbonline.org)
Group1
- phospholipase A2 group IVA [Source:HGNC Sym. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Cell3
- Furthermore, lamin B1 disassembly and apoptosis were decreased by cell transfection with a dominant-negative mutant form of PKC-delta. (ox.ac.uk)
- Loss of Strat causes cell fate transformations associated with an accumulation of Notch, Delta and Spdo in the trans-Golgi network (TGN), and an apical accumulation of Spdo. (sdbonline.org)
- In multiple cell lineages, Delta-Notch signalling regulates cell fate decisions owing to unidirectional signalling between daughter cells. (sdbonline.org)
Acid1
- It is proposed that Phospholipase D-derived phosphatidic acid promotes ectopic Notch signalling by increasing receptor endocytosis and inhibiting Sanpodo trafficking towards acidic endosomes. (sdbonline.org)
Acts1
- 2009). PLBD1 acts as a phospholipase A2 but in addition has the propensity to hydrolyze the lysophospholipid formed in its initial reaction. (reactome.org)