PLA2CytosolicTrimeresurus flavoviridis venom gland phospholipase A2Lipoprotein-associated phospholipasePhospholipidsPLA2RSecretoryEnzymeProteinActivationVenomEnzymatic activityVenomsHydrolysisCalciumActivityInhibitionEnzymesInflammatoryCPLARespiratoryLungContributesGroupInteractionSequenceResults suggest
PLA26
- The enzyme phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4, PLA2, systematic name phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase) catalyse the cleavage of fatty acids in position 2 of phospholipids, hydrolyzing the bond between the second fatty acid "tail" and the glycerol molecule: phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate This particular phospholipase specifically recognizes the sn2 acyl bond of phospholipids and catalytically hydrolyzes the bond, releasing arachidonic acid and lysophosphatidic acid. (wikipedia.org)
- Phospholipase A2 (Pla2) is required for memory retrieval, and its inhibition in the hippocampus has been reported to impair memory acquisition in rats. (springer.com)
- abstract = "Low density lipoproteins (LDL) as well as isolated apolipoprotein B (ApoB) have been shown to exhibit phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity toward phospholipids containing an oxidized or short fatty acyl chain at position 2. (tau.ac.il)
- As a step towards understanding the structure and function of phospholipases A2 (PLA2s), five cDNAs encoding Trimeresurus flavoviridis venom gland PLA2 isozymes have been sequenced. (elsevierpure.com)
- Trimeresurus flavoviridis venom gland phospholipase A2 (PLA2) genes pgPLA 1a and pgPLA 2a encode Asp-49-PLA2 and genes pgPLA 1b and pgPLA 2b encode an isozyme of Asp-49-PLA2. (elsevierpure.com)
- The main pathway is the cleavage of membrane phospholipids into lysophospholipids by the removal of a fatty acid chain by phospholipase A (PLA1 or PLA2). (hindawi.com)
Cytosolic19
- Two most notable families are secreted and cytosolic phospholipases A2. (wikipedia.org)
- Ca 2+ -stimulated translocation of cytosolic phospholipase A 2 α (cPLA 2 α) to the Golgi induces arachidonic acid production, the rate-limiting step in pro-inflammatory eicosanoid synthesis. (rcsb.org)
- 3-[3-Amino-4-(indan-2-yloxy)-5-(1-methyl-1 H -indazol-5-yl)-phenyl]-propionic acid (AK106-001616) is a novel, potent, and selective inhibitor of the cytosolic phospholipase A 2 (cPLA 2 ) enzyme. (aspetjournals.org)
- Investigation of the relocation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and annexin V in activated platelets. (ox.ac.uk)
- Cytosolic phospholipase A(2) is a Ca(2+)-dependent enzyme that acts on membrane phospholipids to release arachidonic acid, which in platelets is converted to thromboxane A(2). (ox.ac.uk)
- Annexin V is a Ca(2+)-dependent, phospholipid-binding protein, which is proposed to regulate inflammation by inhibiting cytosolic phospholipase A(2). (ox.ac.uk)
- Here, we have studied the association of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) and annexin V with platelet membranes after thrombin stimulation. (ox.ac.uk)
- In a time-dependent manner, an exact correlation was found between the membrane association of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) and annexin V. Calcium from the intracellular stores was sufficient for the relocation of intracellular annexin V and cytosolic phospholipase A(2) to platelet membranes. (ox.ac.uk)
- Activation in the presence of arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine (RGDS), which inhibits binding of fibrinogen to its adhesive ligand, does not alter the amount of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) or annexin V that binds to membranes. (ox.ac.uk)
- When activation-induced actin polymerisation was prevented by cytochalasin E, the recovery of both annexin V and cytosolic phospholipase A(2) remained unchanged. (ox.ac.uk)
- However, complete depolymerisation of the cytoskeleton with DNase I almost abolished the association of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) with the membranes, and it completely abolished the relocation of annexin V to platelet membranes. (ox.ac.uk)
- Finally, we show that cytosolic phospholipase A(2) can be specifically purified from platelet membranes by affinity chromatography on GST-annexin V and that immunoprecipitation using antibodies against cytosolic phospholipase A(2) copurify annexin V and cytosolic phospholipase A(2) from activated platelets. (ox.ac.uk)
- These findings suggest that following platelet activation with thrombin, both cytosolic phospholipase A(2) and annexin V, relocate to platelet membranes where they interact. (ox.ac.uk)
- An intact cytoskeleton seems to be a prerequisite for the interaction of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) and annexin V with platelet membranes. (ox.ac.uk)
- The incorporation of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) into the membrane fraction of thrombin-activated platelets parallels that of annexin V, which suggests an interaction between the two proteins. (ox.ac.uk)
- A cellular phospholipase A 2 with an arachidonyl specificity at the sn-2 position of phosphatidylcholine, which required submicromolar calcium, was identified as a cytosolic phospholipase A 2 by immunoblot analysis. (tmu.edu.tw)
- By a cell-free enzyme activity assay and immunoblot analysis, plasmin was found to induce a translocation of the cytosolic phospholipase A 2 from the cytosol to the membrane. (tmu.edu.tw)
- Taken together, the results suggest that plasmin bound to its putative receptor and activated a GTP-binding protein coupled to calcium influx channel, followed by translocation and activation of cytosolic phospholipase A 2 in endothelial cells. (tmu.edu.tw)
- The study was based on the hypothesis that poultry PM would induce the release of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) by respiratory epithelial cells under the upstream regulation by cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) activation and subsequent formation of cyclooxygenase (COX)- and lipoxygenase (LOX)-catalyzed arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites (eicosanoids). (cdc.gov)
Trimeresurus flavoviridis venom gland phospholipase A23
- Trimeresurus flavoviridis venom gland phospholipase A2 isozymes genes have evolved via accelerated substitutions. (elsevierpure.com)
- Dive into the research topics of 'Trimeresurus flavoviridis venom gland phospholipase A2 isozymes genes have evolved via accelerated substitutions. (elsevierpure.com)
- Polymorphisms of Trimeresurus flavoviridis venom gland phospholipase A2 isozyme genes. (elsevierpure.com)
Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase9
- The imprinted gene PLA2G7 , which encodes lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 (Lp-PLA 2 ), was one of the top hypomethylated genes with an increased expression upon inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
- The aim of this study is to evaluate serum level biomarkers of atherosclerosis lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and E-selectin in patients with atherosclerotic carotid stenosis with different clinical manifestation in associated with vascular risk factors. (uran.ua)
- Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and E-selectin was measured using commercially available (ELISA) kit. (uran.ua)
- No association the serum level of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and E-selectin with common stroke risk factor such as hypercholesterinemia, smoking and body mass index were found, but positive correlation of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 with E-selectin was significant (p=0.00085). (uran.ua)
- Increasing plasma level lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and E-selectin in patients with the carotid atherosclerotic stenosis were observe. (uran.ua)
- 2014). Association between the Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Activity and the Progression of Subclinical Atherosclerosis. (uran.ua)
- Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2: role in atherosclerosis and utility as a cardiovascular biomarker. (uran.ua)
- Adjusted HR for lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (mass) (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.14-2.04 vs. HR 1.05, 95% CI.99-1.12) was higher for incident isolated AAA compared to incident isolated AD, respectively. (lu.se)
- Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity, genetics and calcific aortic valve stenosis in humans. (cdc.gov)
Phospholipids6
- Phospholipase A 1 (PLA 1 ) hydrolyzes phospholipid acyl chains at the sn -1 position of membrane phospholipids, phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) hydrolyzes acyl chains at the sn -2 position, phospholipase C (PLC) hydrolyzes the glycerol-phosphodiester bond, and phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyzes the polar group-phosphodiester bond. (nih.gov)
- Secreted phospholipases A 2 (sPLA 2 s) (EC 3.1.1.4) are a structurally related group of low-molecular-mass enzymes (14-18 kDa) that catalyse the hydrolysis of glycerophospholipids (phospholipids hereafter) at their sn -2 position, to produce lysophospholipids and free fatty acids. (ijbs.com)
- Low density lipoproteins (LDL) as well as isolated apolipoprotein B (ApoB) have been shown to exhibit phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) activity toward phospholipids containing an oxidized or short fatty acyl chain at position 2. (tau.ac.il)
- On the other hand, we found that LDL as well as isolated ApoB hydrolyse C 6 -NBD-FA from both carbon 1 and carbon 2 of these phospholipids, thus exhibiting independent and simultaneous activities of phospholipase A 1 and phospholipase A 2 . (tau.ac.il)
- Phospholipases typically hydrolyze glycerol phospholipids, but loss of iPLA2-VIA does not affect the phospholipid composition of brain tissue but rather causes an elevation in ceramides. (nih.gov)
- Secreted phospholipase A2-IIA (sPLA2-IIA) hydrolyzes phospholipids to liberate lysophospholipids and fatty acids. (jci.org)
PLA2R3
- Previous studies have measured the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) on MN. (elsevierpure.com)
- In 2009, we had a seminal moment when you published a manuscript in The New England Journal of Medicine describing PLA2R, phospholipase A2 receptor, as the antigen that was responsible for a majority of the cases of MN. (medscape.com)
- The M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) in the glomerular podocyte has been identified as the major target antigen in deposited immune-complexes. (msdmanuals.com)
Secretory1
- Secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) is a protein secreted by Clonorchis sinensis and is a component of excretory and secretory products ( Cs ESPs). (biomedcentral.com)
Enzyme4
- Raised serum activity of phospholipase A2 immunochemically related to group II enzyme in inflammatory bowel disease: its correlation with disease activity of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. (bmj.com)
- The results suggest that raised serum phospholipase A2 activity in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis was mainly attributed to the two forms of phospholipase A2 immunochemically related to group II enzyme. (bmj.com)
- Here, we analyze the role of human group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA), a bactericidal enzyme induced during acute inflammation, in innate immunity against GBS. (pasteur.fr)
- Among these proteins, annexin is known to inhibit phospholipase A2 and thus block the production of mediators and arachidonic acid metabolites such as the COX-2 enzyme, leukotrienes and prostaglandins, cytokines, interleukins, adhesion molecules and enzymes such as collagenase 24,25 . (bvsalud.org)
Protein6
- Additional types of phospholipases include phospholipase A1, phospholipase B, phospholipase C, and phospholipase D. Phospholipases A2 include several unrelated protein families with common enzymatic activity. (wikipedia.org)
- Peptide fragment from phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) activating protein (PLAP) that activates phospholipase A 2 in a dose-dependent manner (10-fold at 1 µg/ml). (enzolifesciences.com)
- Human non-pancreatic secreted phospholipase A 2 (hnps PLA 2 ) is a small (14 kDa) secreted protein of considerable biomedical interest. (soton.ac.uk)
- Components of the canonical wingless (WNT) pathway, including WNT8b, WNT10a, WNT10b, frizzled 1 and 2 and TCF4 were upregulated at the messenger RNA and protein levels following Cyclin A2 depletion. (cnrs.fr)
- In patients with Crohn's disease, serum phospholipase A2 activity decreased in parallel with clinical improvement, and correlated with serum C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. (bmj.com)
- Serum phospholipase A2 activity in patients with ulcerative colitis tends to increase in relation with endoscopic severity, and may be a more sensitive laboratory index than serum C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate to evaluate disease activity. (bmj.com)
Activation5
- In Cyclin A2-depleted normal murine mammary gland (NMuMG) cells expressing RasV12, we found that beta-catenin was liberated from the cell membrane and cell-cell junctions and underwent nuclear translocation and activation. (cnrs.fr)
- This suggests that a WNT-independent mechanism of beta-catenin activation via phospholipase C is involved in the EMT induced by Cyclin A2 depletion. (cnrs.fr)
- Chang, WC 1996, ' Characterization of phospholipase A2 activation by plasmin in cultured bovine endothelial cells ', Journal of Biomedical Science , 卷 3, 編號 1, 頁 59-66. (tmu.edu.tw)
- The generation of MMP2 is mediated by activation of phospholipase A(2) and 5-lipoxygenase. (birmingham.ac.uk)
- Poultry PM also significantly induced the release of COX- and LOX-catalyzed eicosanoids (prostaglandins, thromboxane A2 and leukotrienes B4 and C4) and upstream activation of AA LOX in the cells. (cdc.gov)
Venom2
- Venom phospholipases help to immobilize prey by promoting cell lysis[citation needed]. (wikipedia.org)
- Bothropstoxin-I (BthTx-I) is a Lys49-phospholipase A 2 (Lys49-PLA 2 ) from the venom of Bothrops jararacussu, which despite of the lack of catalytic activity induces myotoxicity, inflammation and pain. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzymatic activity2
- Rouault M, Bollinger JG, Lazdunski M, Gelb MH, Lambeau G: Novel mammalian group XII secreted phospholipase A2 lacking enzymatic activity. (hmdb.ca)
- Secreted phospholipases A 2 (sPLA 2 s) participate in a very broad spectrum of biological processes through their enzymatic activity and as ligands for membrane and soluble receptors. (ijbs.com)
Venoms1
- The extracellular forms of phospholipases A2 have been isolated from different venoms (snake, bee, and wasp), from virtually every studied mammalian tissue (including pancreas and kidney) as well as from bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
Hydrolysis1
- The effect of poly(ethylene glycol)-phospholipid (PE-PEG) lipopolymers on phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) hydrolysis of liposomes composed of stearoyl-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (SOPC) was investigated. (ku.dk)
Calcium2
- Calcium dependent phospholipase A2 activity in the mixed micelles of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol and cholate was measured in sera of 39 patients with Crohn's disease, 40 patients with ulcerative colitis, and 40 healthy controls. (bmj.com)
- The mechanism of inhibition of Ca2+ - triggered phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activity and respiratory burst in macrophages by shown that capsaicin inhibits calcium-ionophore stimulated pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages such as generation of superoxide anion, PLA(2) activity (IC50 = 20 uM) and membrane liquid peroxidation (IC50 = 10 uM). (uni-mysore.ac.in)
Activity5
- There are atypical members of the phospholipase A2 family, such as PLA2G12B, that have no phospholipase activity with typical phospholipase substrate. (wikipedia.org)
- The phospholipase A2 activity was significantly raised in those sera of the patients with active Crohn's disease and those with moderate and severe ulcerative colitis. (bmj.com)
- The major phospholipase A2 activity derived from the sera was separated into two peaks by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. (bmj.com)
- The results suggest that serum phospholipase A2 activity may serve as an additional indicator of disease activity. (bmj.com)
- Exogenous surfactant significantly reduced global phospholipase activity (P 0.001) and subtype-IIA (P 0.005) and increased dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (P 0.001) and surfactant adsorption (P 0.001). (ucm.es)
Inhibition2
- However, suppression of the WNT pathway using the acetyltransferase porcupine inhibitor C59 did not reverse EMT whereas a dominant negative form of TCF4 as well as inhibition of phospholipase C using U73122 were able to do so. (cnrs.fr)
- Phospholipase A2 is well known for its role in liver fibrosis and inhibition of tumour cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzymes1
- Ivanušec A, Šribar J, Križaj I. Secreted Phospholipases A 2 - not just Enzymes: Revisited. (ijbs.com)
Inflammatory2
- These phospholipases are involved in cell signaling processes, such as inflammatory response. (wikipedia.org)
- Aims: Human atherosclerotic plaques express markers of macrophage/dendritic cells as well as high levels of inflammatory proteins such as secreted phospholipase A2 type IIA (sPLA2-IIA). (uva.es)
CPLA1
- Here, we studied the contribution of Ca2+-independent phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)), and the role of the MAP kinase family as well as both cPLA(2) and iPLA(2) mRNA expression by RT-PCR in oxLDL toxicity to GP8.39 cells in vitro. (unict.it)
Respiratory1
- and 3) verify whether phospholipase A2 is linked to respiratory outcomes. (ucm.es)
Lung1
- Subtype-IIA is the main phospholipase isoform in preterm lung, although subtype-IB may be significantly expressed. (ucm.es)
Contributes1
- Our findings will broaden our knowledge on how Cyclin A2 contributes to EMT and metastasis. (cnrs.fr)
Group2
- The phospholipase A2 active fractions were immunochemically characterised using specific antibody directed against human group II phospholipase A2 purified from rheumatoid synovial fluid. (bmj.com)
- We hypothesized that phospholipase A2 group IVA (PLA2G4A) expression is upregulated in granulosa cells (GC) at ovulation. (bioone.org)
Interaction1
- preterm neonates are treated with exogenous surfactant, but the interaction between surfactant and phospholipase is unknown. (ucm.es)
Sequence1
- Phospholipases A2 can be classified based on sequence homology. (wikipedia.org)
Results suggest1
- These results suggest that the production of soluble EMMPRIN, phospholipase A(2) and 5-lipoxygenase activities are sites for potential therapeutic intervention. (birmingham.ac.uk)