AcceptorPhosphorylationBacterial phosphoenolpyruvateEnzymesUtilizationPutativeMetabolismGlucoseSubstratesProteinsCarboxykinaseTranslocationCarbohydrate transportTransporterFructoseTranscriptionalEnzyme classProteinActivityTransportMixturesExtracellularSourceNitrogenous group as acceptorEscherichiaPermeaseStreptococcusCatalyzesClostridiumCarbohydrateReactionTrehaloseUptakeFermentationCytoplasmCharacterizationQuantitativeEnzyme IIComponentConvertGrowthSimultaneouslyProcessExpressionIndustrial
Acceptor1
- This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferases) with a nitrogenous group as acceptor. (wikipedia.org)
Phosphorylation6
- The phosphorylation of a given sugar requires four proteins, two general proteins, Enzyme I and HPr and a pair of sugar-specific proteins designated as the Enzyme II complex. (nih.gov)
- Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) catalyzes the decarboxylation and phosphorylation of oxaloacetate (OAA) to form phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) in most organisms. (asm.org)
- The sucrose phosphotransferase system of Streptococcus mutans catalyzes the phosphorylation of sucrose to sucrose-6-phosphate with concomitant translocation of this disaccharide across the cytoplasmic membrane in reactions requiring intracellular phosphoenolpyruvate. (ox.ac.uk)
- Soluble proteins released by vigorous homogenization of cells with glass beads are shown to be necessary for the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation of sucrose in combination with one or more proteins that remain tightly associated with the membrane fraction. (ox.ac.uk)
- Chemotaxis towards carbohydrates is mediated, in enteric bacteria, either by the transport-independent, methylation-dependent chemotaxis pathway or by transport and phosphorylation via the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS). (ox.ac.uk)
- The modification is the "phosphorylation" of the sugar! (biologyonline.com)
Bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate1
- The N-terminal dimerization domain has the same fold as the IIA domain (PDB code 1PDO) of the mannose transporter of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS). (insa-toulouse.fr)
Enzymes3
- In Escherichia coli , besides the PEPCK reaction, there is another pathway to form PEP from C 4 -dicarboxylic acid which involves the NAD- and NADP-dependent malic enzymes (MAEA and MAEB) and phosphoenolpyruvate synthase (PPS). (asm.org)
- Resolution of the phosphotransferase enzymes of Streptococcus mutans: purification and preliminary characterization of a heat-stable phosphocarrier protein. (ox.ac.uk)
- Transcriptome sequencing revealed that all homologs induced the same general patterns with a drastic shift in gene expression profiles of leaves from that of a typical source tissue to a source-limited sink-like tissue: Transcripts encoding enzymes for plastid uptake and metabolism of phosphoenolpyruvate, fatty acid and oil biosynthesis were up-regulated, as were also transcripts encoding starch degradation. (biomedcentral.com)
Utilization6
- The PTS has also been implicated in the induction of synthesis of some catabolic enzyme systems required for the utilization of sugars that are not substrates of the PTS as well as the regulation of the activity of ADENYLYL CYCLASES. (nih.gov)
- However, glucose is the preferred carbon source and its rapid utilization depends on the phosphoenolpyruvate: carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS). (biomedcentral.com)
- PTS not only transports specific sugars but also in the absence of its substrates, stimulates, through adenylate cyclase (Cya), the production of c AMP which in turn activates the transcription of many c AMP-CRP dependent catabolic genes, including those involved in glycerol utilization [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Efficient cofermentation of D-glucose, D-xylose, and L-arabinose, three major sugars present in lignocellulose, is a fundamental requirement for cost-effective utilization of lignocellulosic biomass. (hw.ac.uk)
- To overcome this substrate utilization defect, a predicted glcG gene, encoding enzyme II of the D-glucose phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS), was first disrupted in the ABE-producing model strain Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824, resulting in greatly improved D-xylose and L-arabinose consumption in the presence of D-glucose. (hw.ac.uk)
- Carbon catabolite repression in bacteria: choice of the carbon source and autoregulatory limitation of sugar utilization. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Putative1
- putative dipeptide/oligopeptide/nickel ABC-type transport systems, periplasmic component [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Metabolism3
- Unlike the majority of homofermentative Lactobacilli , L. sanfranciscensis uses heterofermentative metabolism, processing sugars into either lactic acid or alcohol. (kenyon.edu)
- Metabolism is required for chemotaxis to sugars in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. (ox.ac.uk)
- The CcpA regulon comprises genes involved in sugar uptake, fermentation and amino acids metabolism, confirming the role of CcpA as a link between carbon and nitrogen pathways. (studyres.com)
Glucose5
- Nevertheless, due to the high number of sugar transporters, E. coli uses preferentially few systems to grow in glucose as the sole carbon source. (encyclopedia.pub)
- Once in periplasmic space, glucose is transported into the cytoplasm by several systems, including the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS), the ATP-dependent cassette (ABC) transporters, and the major facilitator (MFS) superfamily proton symporters. (encyclopedia.pub)
- E. coli preferentially uses glucose in the presence of sugar mixtures, preventing using other carbon sources. (encyclopedia.pub)
- Several transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms control the preferential use of glucose over other sugars. (encyclopedia.pub)
- Additionally, numerous transporters with overlapping sugar specificities for monosaccharides increase the potential capability to transport glucose [ 6 ] , indicating the extraordinary capability and plasticity of transporting and growing glucose as a carbon source. (encyclopedia.pub)
Substrates2
- In enzymology, a phosphoenolpyruvate-protein phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.3.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction phosphoenolpyruvate + protein histidine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } pyruvate + protein Npi-phospho-L-histidine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are phosphoenolpyruvate and protein histidine, whereas its two products are pyruvate and protein Npi-phospho-L-histidine. (wikipedia.org)
- The bacterial sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) that catalyzes the transfer of the phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate to its sugar substrates (the PTS sugars) concomitant with the translocation of these sugars across the bacterial membrane. (nih.gov)
Proteins5
- Sugar transport-related sRNA regulator N-term, Bacterial extracellular solute-binding proteins [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- The EcoCyc database describes 532 transport reactions, 480 transporters, and 97 proteins involved in sugar transport. (encyclopedia.pub)
- Among them, 97 proteins are involved in sugar transport ( Table 1 ). (encyclopedia.pub)
- The N-terminal amino acid sequence of FBP (ADTSVCLI-) was similar to that of several sugar-binding proteins from other species of bacteria. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Structural prediction of sugar-binding proteins functional in chemotaxis and transport. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Carboxykinase1
- The pckA gene, encoding the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), was cloned by PCR amplification from the purple nonsulfur bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris No. 7. (asm.org)
Translocation3
- The EIIC type-4 domain forms the PTS system translocation channel and contains the specific substrate-binding site. (expasy.org)
- An example is PEP group translocation or the phosphotransferase system , which is a distinct method used by bacteria for sugar uptake where the source of energy is from phosphoenolpyruvate . (biologyonline.com)
- PTS or the phosphotransferase system is a group translocation system present in bacteria that aids in the uptake of sugar. (biologyonline.com)
Carbohydrate transport1
- Chemotaxis to sugars was inducible and occurred with the induction of carbohydrate transport systems and with substrate incorporation. (ox.ac.uk)
Transporter1
- Encodes a hexose sugar transporter that is expressed in pollen. (or.jp)
Fructose3
- PTS system, fructose-specific IIABC component [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- The chemoattractant fructose was transported by a fructose-specific PTS system, but transport through this system did not appear to cause a chemotactic signal. (ox.ac.uk)
- It is concluded that fructose is transported into A. radiobacter and related organisms via a periplasmic fructose/mannose-binding-protein-dependent active-transport system, in contrast to the phosphotransferase system used by many other species of bacteria. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Transcriptional1
- Research efforts to date have focused on identifying how either components of the phosphoenolpyruvate-phosphotransferase system (PTS) or global transcriptional networks affect the regulation of virulence factors, but not the synergistic relationship between the two. (umd.edu)
Enzyme class1
- The systematic name of this enzyme class is phosphoenolpyruvate:protein-L-histidine Npi-phosphotransferase. (wikipedia.org)
Protein7
- Other names in common use include phosphoenolpyruvate sugar phosphotransferase enzyme I, phosphopyruvate-protein factor phosphotransferase, phosphopyruvate-protein phosphotransferase, sugar-PEP phosphotransferase enzyme I, and phosphoenolpyruvate:protein-L-histidine N-pros-phosphotransferase. (wikipedia.org)
- 1] "Lactose transport system of Streptococcus thermophilus: a hybrid protein with homology to the melibiose carrier and enzyme III of phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase systems. (tcdb.org)
- We have partially purified phosphotransferase enzyme I and have purified a heat-stable phosphocarrier protein (HPr) to apparent homogeneity, by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography from the soluble fraction. (ox.ac.uk)
- While it is known that the PTS can affect activity of the Mga virulence regulator, further characterization of the mechanism by which sugars and its protein domains affect activity have not been studied. (umd.edu)
- Presence of protein constituents of the gram-positive bacterial phosphotransferase regulatory system in Acholeplasma laidlawii. (ucsd.edu)
- Binding- protein-dependent sugar transport by Agrobacterium radiobacter and A. tumefaciens grown in continuous culture. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- GO:0008982 F:protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sugar phosph. (tcdb.org)
Activity1
- In this study, we expressed hPARP1 enzyme in the baculovirus system and tested its activity. (whocc.org.cn)
Transport3
- Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS), a major carbohydrate active transport system. (expasy.org)
- Efficient growth and associated production and yield of desired products depend on the efficient sugar transport capabilities, sugar catabolism through the central carbon catabolism, and the efficient carbon flux through specific biosynthetic pathways. (encyclopedia.pub)
- Tijdens deze verwerking wordt de geoogste sla versneden, gewassen, verpakt en daarna gekoeld opgeslagen voor transport en verkoop. (scriptieprijs.be)
Mixtures1
- The Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum, known for its excellent capability of producing ABE (acetone, butanol, and ethanol) solvent, is limited in using lignocellulose because of inefficient pentose consumption when fermenting sugar mixtures. (hw.ac.uk)
Extracellular1
- Not only does the sugar molecules are transported from the extracellular space to the bacterial cell but also get modified. (biologyonline.com)
Source1
- This sugar is the primary carbon and energy source for large-scale biotechnological processes and provides faster and optimum growth compared with other carbon sources. (encyclopedia.pub)
Nitrogenous group as acceptor1
- This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferases) with a nitrogenous group as acceptor. (wikipedia.org)
Escherichia5
- The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent glucose-phosphotransferase system from Escherichia coli K-12 as the center of a network regulating carbohydrate flux in the cell. (nih.gov)
- Phosphoproteins and the phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli: evidence for IIImannose, IIIfructose, IIIglucitol, and the phosphorylation of enzyme IImannitol and enzyme IIN-acetylglucosamine. (nih.gov)
- Mechanism-based inhibition of enzyme I of the Escherichia coli phosphotransferase system. (ox.ac.uk)
- Four phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) derivatives, carrying reactive or activable chemical functions in each of the three chemical regions of PEP, were assayed as alternative substrates of enzyme I (EI) of the Escherichia coli PEP:glucose phosphotransferase system. (ox.ac.uk)
- Fouet, A., Arnaud, M., Klier, A. and Rapoport, G. Bacillus subtilis sucrose-specific enzyme II of the phosphotransferase system: expression in Escherichia coli and homology to enzymes II from enteric bacteria. (enzyme-database.org)
Permease2
- ABC-type antimicrobial peptide transport system permease component [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- Novel phosphotransferase system genes revealed by bacterial genome analysis--a gene cluster encoding a unique Enzyme I and the proteins of a fructose-like permease system. (ecmdb.ca)
Streptococcus4
- Streptococcus salivarius urease expression: involvement of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- St Martin, E.J. and Wittenberger, C.L. Characterization of a phospho enol pyruvate-dependent sucrose phosphotransferase system in Streptococcus mutans . (enzyme-database.org)
- Lunsford, R.D. and Macrina, F.L. Molecular cloning and characterization of scrB , the structural gene for the Streptococcus mutans phospho enol pyruvate-dependent sucrose phosphotransferase system sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase. (enzyme-database.org)
- Sato, Y., Poy, F., Jacobson, G.R. and Kuramitsu, H.K. Characterization and sequence analysis of the scrA gene encoding enzyme IIScr of the Streptococcus mutans phospho enol pyruvate-dependent sucrose phosphotransferase system. (enzyme-database.org)
Catalyzes1
- Phosphotransferases that catalyzes the conversion of 1-phosphatidylinositol to 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. (wakehealth.edu)
Clostridium2
- Clostridium difficile en microscopie à contraste de phase. (pasteur.fr)
- In addition, overexpression of the sucrose-specific PTS system ( scrA ) from Clostridium acetobutylicum accelerated the sucrose transport. (biomedcentral.com)
Carbohydrate2
- The phosphoenolpyruvate-carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) is a multistep chemical process that regulates the intake and use of carbohydrates by bacteria. (emerging-researchers.org)
- The mutant grew as well as the wild-type strain on the non-PTS sugar lactose, and grew better than the parent when another non-PTS sugar, galactose, was the sole carbohydrate. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Reaction1
- The phosphoenolpyruvate: glycose phosphotransferase, a multiprotein system consisting of both soluble and membrane-bound components and with an associated chemical reaction which can be measured in cell-free extracts, has considerable potential for attaining this goal. (nih.gov)
Trehalose1
- Authors [see attached] raise the possibility that the seemingly harmless addition of a sugar called trehalose to the food supply might have contributed to this disease epidemic. (genewhisperer.com)
Uptake1
- To optimize energy usage, bacteria have developed an integrated control system to preferentially uptake carbohydrates that support rapid growth. (nih.gov)
Fermentation1
- Moreover, with the gene arginine repressor ( argR ) deleted, the ethanologenic mutant P8S10 showed great inhibitors-tolerance and finally accumulated ~ 34 g/L ethanol (a yield of 0.39 g/g sugars) from pretreated cane molasses in 5 L tank by fed-batch fermentation. (biomedcentral.com)
Cytoplasm1
- The system, which is found only in prokaryotes, simultaneously transports its substrate from the periplasm or extracellular space into the cytoplasm and phosphorylates it. (expasy.org)
Characterization2
- Hybrid Approaches to Structural Characterization of Conformational Ensembles of Complex Macromolecular Systems Combining NMR Residual Dipolar Couplings and Solution X-ray Scattering. (nih.gov)
- Success of this project will result in the identification and characterization of antimicrobial compounds that inhibit the bacterial PTS system and regulate biofilm formation. (emerging-researchers.org)
Quantitative1
- It also has the unique ability to convert sugars to electricity, oxidizing the sugars to carbon dioxide with quantitative electron transfer to graphite electrodes in microbial fuel cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzyme II2
- This enzyme is a component (known as enzyme II) of a phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent, sugar transporting phosphotransferase system (PTS). (expasy.org)
- This enzyme is a component (known as enzyme II) of a phospho enol pyruvate (PEP)-dependent, sugar transporting phosphotransferase system (PTS). (enzyme-database.org)
Component2
Convert1
- Effective biorefinery systems could convert these biomasses to bioproducts, such as bioethanol from sugarcane sucrose in Brazil. (biomedcentral.com)
Growth1
- Growth of wild-type cells on limiting concentrations of lactose resulted in very low levels of urease expression compared with growth on PTS sugars. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Simultaneously1
- Some bacteria simultaneously translocate and phosphorylate disaccharides via the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PEP-PTS). (unl.edu)
Process2
- Biofilm formation causes problems in many branches of industry, including the medical and food process industries, as well as industrial water systems. (emerging-researchers.org)
- It was demonstrated that by using E. coli PPA652ara, it was possible to design a production process for 3HB from a mixture of glucose, xylose and arabinose where all sugars were consumed. (biomedcentral.com)
Expression1
- In contrast, under similar conditions, urease expression in ptsI18-3 was restored to levels seen in the parent growing on PTS sugars. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Industrial1
- PHAs are typically synthesized in bacteria from sugars or lipids and have industrial interest due to their properties as thermoplastics and elastomers [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)