SelfishnessEffective altruismDarwinianFundamentallyBehaviorEmpathyUtilitarianismInnateReciprocityEthicalPerspectivesPsychologyEvolutionary game tSacrificeRigorousVirtueEthicsCriticallyDependsEssaysPhilosophyAcquaintanceContributionsDiscussionRandRelationshipsPhilosophersOriginsCurrentThoughtTheoryWelfarePsychologicalMoralSocialEvolutionPeopleGoodSpeciesTeachIdeasArgumentClimateExamineConstitutionWorkTraditionalTermTimeSimpleFundamentalHuman natureMindWordSenseFieldCommonSocietyMembersArticleLevelPaper
Selfishness3
- Many types of `other-regarding' acts and beliefs cannotbe accounted for satisfactorilyas instances of sophisticated selfishness, altruism,team-reasoning, Kantian duty, kinselection etc. (philpapers.org)
- We distinguish two research lines deriving from his work: one of them studies intraspecific relations of altruism and selfishness, and the other one is focused on interspecific symbiotic relations. (usal.es)
- All attempts to fit behavior into a framework of underlying selfishness vs. professed altruism are misguided. (partiallyexaminedlife.com)
Effective altruism3
- Effective altruism is the use of evidence and reason to determine the most effective ways to benefit others. (wikipedia.org)
- This story was originally published in our Sept/Oct 2023 issue as 'Effective Altruism Goes Viral' Click here to subscribe to read more stories like this one. (discovermagazine.com)
- 1Day Sooner may have missed the chance to help accelerate the arrival of COVID vaccines, but the organization itself is still cruising along, part of a larger movement inspired by the tenets of a popular philosophy known as effective altruism (EA). (discovermagazine.com)
Darwinian2
- The Case for Rational Optimism argues that the highly challenging conditions confronting early man created a Darwinian selective pressure for cooperation, even altruism, among members of a tribe. (pizet.net)
- J. Schaub’s paper on the implications of darwinian evolution for altruism and religion is a commentary on the current state of understanding in those fields. (uncommondescent.com)
Fundamentally2
- There is something other, maybe even before this self-interested system that is fundamentally more compatible with altruism than the current system. (effectivealtruism.org)
- Per my first point in this email, it's not science in particular that has overcome racism and brought tolerance… the Enlightenment is fundamentally philosophical, i.e. humanistic: it's Socratic questioning of tradition that made science possible and Cartesian doubting that followed it every step of the way. (partiallyexaminedlife.com)
Behavior2
- In the Science of ethology (the study of animal behaviour), and more generally in the study of social evolution, altruism refers to behavior by an individual that increases the fitness of another individual while decreasing the fitness of the actor. (wikipedia.org)
- In evolutionary biology, reciprocal altruism is a behavior where an animal acts in such a way that reduces that chance of success by helping another animal improve their chance of success. (thejobhuntingpodcast.com)
Empathy2
- In this blog and in other bioethical literature bioethicists discuss the proposed effects that biomedical enhancements would have, for example, to intelligence and other cognitive capacities, empathy, sunny mood, altruism, sense of justice, or to halting climate change. (ox.ac.uk)
- Here, Solnit brings to public light the findings of academic social scientists, who have discovered that in periods of disaster people more often than not behave with altruism and empathy towards each other, rather than, as conventional understanding has it, violently and selfishly. (nplusonemag.com)
Utilitarianism1
- Effective altruism's philosophical roots lie in the concept of utilitarianism. (discovermagazine.com)
Innate2
- The researchers in the Smithsonian article believe they have observed signs of innate altruism in the toddlers they've studied. (knoxfocus.com)
- Both the families of concepts that might be innate to us, and the family arising from the way we think about empirical experience, fail to contain the keys that turn the locks. (nd.edu)
Reciprocity3
- Altruism, as observed in populations of organisms, is when an individual performs an action at a cost to themselves (in terms of e.g. pleasure and quality of life, time, probability of survival or reproduction) that benefits, directly or indirectly, another individual, without the expectation of reciprocity or compensation for that action. (wikipedia.org)
- A lot of economic theory points to a system of reciprocity where altruism can be seen as a facet of strong reciprocity . (effectivealtruism.org)
- This is an argument for systems [discourse] change with altruism and other forms of reciprocity as central to this change. (effectivealtruism.org)
Ethical7
- The term altruism may also refer to an ethical doctrine that claims that individuals are morally obliged to benefit others. (wikipedia.org)
- The concept of altruism has a history in philosophical and ethical thought. (wikipedia.org)
- Ethical egoism, a prominent theory in philosophical literature, explores the concept of self-interest as a moral guide. (atriumantiquariat.com)
- This example highlights how ethical egoism challenges traditional notions of altruism and encourages us to critically examine our motivations behind certain actions. (atriumantiquariat.com)
- Ethical egoism is a philosophical theory that asserts individuals should always act in their own self-interest. (atriumantiquariat.com)
- The thesis starts by identifying the ethical connotations of the concept of sustainability. (aau.dk)
- The authors explain that rights are an ethical concept that is not directly concerned with human flourishing. (libertyunbound.com)
Perspectives1
- Whilst ideas about altruism from one field can affect the other fields, the different methods and focuses of these fields always lead to different perspectives on altruism. (wikipedia.org)
Psychology2
- Whether "true" altruism is possible in human psychology is a subject of debate. (wikipedia.org)
- Review of philosophical, historical, theoretical, and research literature in the psychology of sex and gender. (uwindsor.ca)
Evolutionary game t1
- Two related strands of research on altruism have emerged from traditional evolutionary analyses and evolutionary game theory: a mathematical model and analysis of behavioral strategies. (wikipedia.org)
Sacrifice2
- This note describes the evolution of the notion of alms (and by extension of altruism) from the notion of sacrifice. (wikipedia.org)
- the text "many of these things" refers to things which are sometimes called "altruistic" behaviors, but which do not fit the definition of altruism I gave (on account of being win/win, which isn't a sacrifice). (curi.us)
Rigorous1
- For one thing, certification is currently being advanced via political dominance, rather than gaining authority by reliance on rigorous philosophical argument or reason. (philarchive.org)
Virtue1
- It is not surprising, then, that she is either mentioned in passing, or not mentioned at all, in the entries that discuss current philosophical thought about virtue ethics , egoism , rights , libertarianism , or markets . (stanford.edu)
Ethics2
- Much of it depends on the semi-tautological identification of "ethics" with altruism. (loveofallwisdom.com)
- The discussion on efficacy, ethics, justice, and human nature is an important part of the whole philosophical debate, as is the discussion about the limits of philosophy, reality, and science fiction. (ox.ac.uk)
Critically1
- Whatever your career aspirations, the study of philosophy can help in strengthening your preparation, through developing your capacities to think and reason well, to deal critically and analytically with the ideas, the concepts, the problems, and the methodologies central to your chosen profession. (umass.edu)
Depends1
- If we pretend that individuals are altruistic, and that society depends on altruism, then we have no rational justification for regulated competition. (blogspot.com)
Essays2
- The term optimism comes from the Latin optimum , which translates "the best", and was first used to refer to a philosophical position by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz in 1710, in his philosophical treatise Theodicy's essays on the goodness of God, the freedom of man and the origin of evil . (conceptdaily.com)
- Her philosophical essays lack the self-critical, detailed style of analytic philosophy, or any serious attempt to consider possible objections to her views. (stanford.edu)
Philosophy4
- I am much readier to agree that there are philosophical problems insoluble by conceptual analysis, as that is usually understood, than that there are problems insoluble by philosophy taken more generously. (nd.edu)
- He had given us (for Citizen perusal) a philosophy text he was writing for our philosophical feedback. (partiallyexaminedlife.com)
- That's certainly not at all the case in philosophy, where we look to history not as a source of wisdom but as we would to another planet: to a place not immersed in our current debates and concepts where we might be able to draw some inspiration for novelty, understanding as of course you do that much we consider novelty is just a reshuffling and recasting of old material. (partiallyexaminedlife.com)
- AHEC was described as a body that "draws on experts in philosophy", suggesting that one of its roles was to deepen the level of philosophical inquiry. (griffithreview.com)
Acquaintance1
- It is bold, original, intelligent, and the product of many years of deep acquaintance with a wide range of philosophical problems and their recent treatments. (nd.edu)
Contributions1
- The first two sections recapitulate their philosophical contributions in Norms of Liberty: A Perfectionist Basis for Non-Perfectionist Politics (2005) and The Perfectionist Turn: From Metanorms to Metaethics (2016). (libertyunbound.com)
Discussion4
- Our discussion of Rand's philosophical views, especially her moral-political views, draws from both her non-fiction and her fiction, since her views cannot be accurately interpreted or evaluated without doing so. (stanford.edu)
- How is a distinction made between sense and nonsense in the discussion of philosophical problems? (roangelo.net)
- The term, sociot, was probably first used as a key concept by Rousseau in discussion of social relations. (benjaminbarber.org)
- Next, the thesis outlines the philosophical discussion of moral motivation focusing on the question whether moral belief alone can incite action. (aau.dk)
Rand1
- As a result, most of the serious philosophical work on Rand has appeared in non-academic, non-peer-reviewed journals, or in books, and the bibliography reflects this fact. (stanford.edu)
Relationships1
- The latter are predicated upon social relationships, whilst altruism does not consider relationships. (wikipedia.org)
Philosophers1
Origins2
- Questions of origins and evolution are interpreted differently in different cultures, and as Mathisen shows, these concepts are not viewed with the same importance nor with the same presuppositions that generally pertain in America and western Europe. (uncommondescent.com)
- Schaub analyzes the work of Pascal Boyer and Scott Atran among others, showing how their evolutionary and anthropological theories of the origins of religion are intimately tied to the evolution of altruism, a subject of much debate and research during the second half of the 20th century. (uncommondescent.com)
Current1
- In the current climate debate, sustainability as concept has come to designate the actions necessary to avoid radical climate change and protect what people find valuable. (aau.dk)
Thought3
- Philosophical questions impact our thought process in different ways. (expertscolumn.com)
- The school of thought differs drastically when it comes to answering deep or philosophical questions. (expertscolumn.com)
- At any rate, its author emerges as a large-scale contrarian, impatiently opposed to many movements in contemporary philosophical thought, and quite happy to suppose that it does not take much to show that they are largely wrong-headed. (nd.edu)
Theory3
- We will look at how concepts from evolutionary theory, natural selection, and biology can be adapted to help you succeed in your career. (thejobhuntingpodcast.com)
- Even apart from the fact that Kant's theory of the "categories" as the source of man's concepts was a preposterous invention, his argument amounted to a negation, not only of man's consciousness, but of any consciousness, of consciousness as such. (aynrandlexicon.com)
- methodological altruism following Levinas's theory of the constitution of subjectivity through otherness, this paper uncovers an alternative foundation for the very notion of optimizing calculation - no longer as a self-centered initiative, but rather as an other-centered response. (philpapers.org)
Welfare2
- In simple terms, altruism is caring about the welfare of other people and acting to help them. (wikipedia.org)
- Altruism is a concept that Webster defines as the unselfish regard or devotion to the welfare of others. (knoxfocus.com)
Psychological3
- Eleonore Neufeld, " Psychological essentialism and the structure of concepts . (umass.edu)
- Those who adhere to this philosophical or psychological model are known as optimists. (conceptdaily.com)
- Pessimism is the philosophical and psychological tendency totally contrary to optimism, that is, the one that assume ours is the worst of all possible worlds And that everything that could go wrong will. (conceptdaily.com)
Moral2
- in essence, is the concept of man as a heroic being, with his own happiness as the moral purpose of his life, with productive achievement as his noblest activity, and reason as his only absolute. (stanford.edu)
- By analyzing Hannah Arendt (Arendt) and Alenka Zupančič´ (Zupančič) theories of action in a sustainability context, this study seeks to answer how we might strengthen motivation for action based on moral principles such as altruism and the common good. (aau.dk)
Social1
- This question, derived both from Marcel Mauss's sociological analysis of the social norm of gift-giving and from Emmanuel Levinas's phenomenological analysis of the idea of 'otherness,' leads to the problem of whether it is possible to model altruism with the tool of optimization. (philpapers.org)
Evolution1
- By examining the evolution of the concept of sustainability as well as the classic definition of sustainability based on the World Commission on Environment and Developments report Our common future (1987), the thesis concludes that sustainability asks of people to act with consideration for both a global populace and future generations - thereby acting for the good of others. (aau.dk)
People1
- It has a rational, philosophical basis that is accessible to intelligent people. (blogspot.com)
Good4
- Altruism can be distinguished from feelings of loyalty or concern for the common good. (wikipedia.org)
- I disagree that altruism is always good but I don't think it is bad. (curi.us)
- I may not be an expert on toddlers, but I am a scientist and I have a good working knowledge of the philosophical concept of morality. (knoxfocus.com)
- Without the pretense of altruism, status signaling would require actual accomplishments, not just professing "good" beliefs and feelings. (blogspot.com)
Species1
- Were a species to form the right concepts, it would not have our problems, but that species is not us, either as we are, or even as we might become. (nd.edu)
Teach2
- Before you can teach physics itself there are fundamental, underlying concepts which must be known. (australiantimes.co.uk)
- It's also worth noting that the resistance to addressing pedagogy in graduate education may be practical, as well as philosophical: Teaching someone to teach is hard. (chronicle.com)
Ideas2
- By 1958, Rand's novels, increasingly philosophical, had won her ideas a sufficiently devoted following for her to form, in association with psychologist Nathaniel Branden (with whom she later broke), an official "Objectivist" philosophical movement, complete with journals and lecture courses. (stanford.edu)
- Discussions that stem from answering deep or philosophical questions bring about interesting theories that lead to innovative ideas. (expertscolumn.com)
Argument1
- As philosophical argument I do not think this goes very far, not by itself anyway. (loveofallwisdom.com)
Climate1
Examine1
- Based on an ethnographic study within a Swedish public psychiatric organisation, this article applies the concept of commodification to examine this trend. (bvsalud.org)
Constitution1
- We packed to get in an few justice constitution on a neglectful concept. (flexipanel.com)
Work1
- [ 1 ] Nevertheless, her interest in philosophical knowledge continued long after she had created this world in her magnum opus, Atlas Shrugged , her last work of fiction. (stanford.edu)
Traditional1
- This concept is the basis of traditional Chinese medicine that tries to reestablish balance in treating disease. (knoxfocus.com)
Term1
- Starting small: I think part of the issue may be confusion about the term "altruism", which is sometimes defined in ways other than the way Objectivism defines it. (curi.us)
Time2
- The distorting mechanism is man's conceptual faculty: man's basic concepts (such as time, space, existence) are not derived from experience or reality, but come from an automatic system of filters in his consciousness (labeled "categories" and "forms of perception") which impose their own design on his perception of the external world and make him incapable of perceiving it in any manner other than the one in which he does perceive it. (aynrandlexicon.com)
- When the question asked is philosophical, girls like to take their time with answers. (expertscolumn.com)
Simple1
- So in this episode of The Job Hunting Made Simple, I discuss a few exciting concepts that contextualize career management, recruitment and selection, and job progression in a new light. (thejobhuntingpodcast.com)
Fundamental1
- By understanding the nation as a market, Adam Smith carries out a fundamental dissociation of the concept of space from that of territory. (counter-currents.com)
Human nature1
Mind1
- Above all, her key concept of mind is full of vagueness and contradictions. (complete-review.com)
Word2
- The word altruism was popularized (and possibly coined) by the French philosopher Auguste Comte in French, as altruisme, for an antonym of egoism. (wikipedia.org)
- You can view everything in brackets [] as a helper word(s) in case the concept being expressed is unfamiliar. (effectivealtruism.org)
Sense1
Field2
- She distinguishes this carefully and consistently from specific scientific argumentation, making the all-important point that a scientist outside their special field has no particular claim to philosophical acumen. (complete-review.com)
- Also at the heart of the problem may be the unexamined assumption that teaching (not coincidentally, a historically feminized field) is more vocation than profession - an expression of discipline-based enthusiasm, or altruism, or love. (chronicle.com)
Common1
- It is a spiritual disposition with many points in common with the concept of hope , and completely opposed to that of pessimism. (conceptdaily.com)
Society1
- The concept of society did not come until much later during the Enlightenment period. (benjaminbarber.org)
Members1
- Introductory EA Fellowships are the default way that EA university groups introduce new members to EA concepts. (effectivealtruism.org)
Article1
- This article presents a list of philosophical questions to ask girls. (expertscolumn.com)
Level1
- We believe the skills acquired through philosophical training at the college level are valuable whatever one's ultimate career turns out to be. (umass.edu)
Paper1
- E. Mathisen’s paper comparing philosophical and religious approaches to the problem of â€Å"origins†shows that the American tendency to separate into â€Å"pro-evolution†and â€Å"pro-design†camps doesn’t map very well onto other cultures, (uncommondescent.com)