• Pheochromocytomas and catecholamine-secreting paragangliomas have a similar clinical presentation, but the risk for associated neoplasms, risk for malignancy, and genetic testing is different between the tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Usually, extra-adrenal tumors (extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas or paragangliomas) are located in the abdomen along the sympathetic chain and constitute about 10% of sporadic cases. (medscape.com)
  • Metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are rare and challenging tumors. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Genetic testing in pheochromocytomas/ paragangliomas (including tentative study NGS)in Japan. (nii.ac.jp)
  • People with hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma develop one or more paragangliomas, which may include pheochromocytomas. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Pheochromocytomas and some other paragangliomas are associated with ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most sympathetic paragangliomas, including pheochromocytomas, produce hormones called catecholamines, such as epinephrine (adrenaline) or norepinephrine. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas are typically considered an undetermined tumor type, meaning they can be noncancerous (benign) or become cancerous (malignant) and spread to other parts of the body (metastasize). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Extra-adrenal paragangliomas become malignant more often than other types of paraganglioma or pheochromocytoma. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas can occur in individuals with other inherited disorders, such as von Hippel-Lindau syndrome , Carney-Stratakis syndrome, and certain types of multiple endocrine neoplasia . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Some paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas occur in people with no history of the tumors in their families and appear not to be inherited. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The term paraganglioma refers to any extra-adrenal or nonfunctional tumor of the paraganglion system, whereas functional tumors are referred to as extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas. (medscape.com)
  • Several genes (SDHD, SDHB, SDHC) that belong to the mitochondrial complex II have been identified as involved in the so-called pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • The recognition of molecular pathways involved in the pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma tumorigenesis has driven the development of new therapeutic options. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Genetic testing in pheochromocytoma or functional paraganglioma. (thieme-connect.com)
  • The diagnosis and management of malignant phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma is an inherited condition characterized by the growth of tumors in structures called paraganglia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Researchers have identified several types of hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma is typically diagnosed in a person's 30s. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma occurs in approximately 1 in 1 million people. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Mutations in at least four genes increase the risk of developing the different types of hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been used in metastatic and unresectable pheochromocytoma, but their value is questionable. (medscape.com)
  • PC12 cells were used to find which prion protein fragments caused neuronal dysfunction. (wikipedia.org)
  • The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century. (wikipedia.org)
  • This cell line has been used to understand the role of synaptotagmin in vesicle-cell membrane fusion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ion channels, located on the membrane of T cells, are the effectors which link antigen recognition to T cell function and gene regulation by controlling calcium homeostasis. (uc.edu)
  • A Compartmentalized Reduction in Membrane-Proximal Calmodulin Reduces the Immune Surveillance Capabilities of CD8+ T Cells in Head and Neck Cancer. (uc.edu)
  • Cellular fibronectin membrane proteins mediate the attachment of cells to collagen substrates. (novabio.lt)
  • Each reagent was used to transfect HeLa cells in a 96-well format at the indicated doses with an emerald green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing vector. (thermofisher.com)
  • A nanoscale modular design strategy was employed to synthesize six engineered, recombinant proteins intended to mimic aspects of the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin, laminin, and elastin as well as the cell-cell adhesive protein neural cell adhesion molecule. (frontiersin.org)
  • As confirmation that ligand density in these engineered systems impacts neuronal cell behavior, we demonstrate that increasing the density of fibronectin-derived RGD ligands on coated surfaces while maintaining uniform protein surface coverage results in enhanced neurite extension of PC-12 cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Therefore, this engineered protein adsorption approach allows for the facile preparation of tunable, quantifiable, and reproducible surfaces for in vitro studies of cell-ligand interactions and for potential application as coatings on neural implants. (frontiersin.org)
  • PrPC is a susceptibility to infection of 5 cell lines used or proposed for nonessential protein but, at least in mice and cows, must be manufacture of biological products, as well as other lines. (cdc.gov)
  • nontargeting siRNA was used as handle.A significant lessen in complete MET protein expression was accomplished immediately after this knockdown.Most significantly, MET knockdown blocked ligand-induced activation of MET and resultant downstream signaling.MET knockdown didn't influence cell growth and proliferation but considerably inhibited constitutive and HGFinduced cell migration and invasion. (pafrinhibitors.com)
  • The increased expression of endonexin II in quiescent HFF cells and differentiating PC-12 cells implies that this protein may play a more prominent role in nondividing cells. (rupress.org)
  • In addition to the monoamine (dopamine and norepinephrine) pathway, PC12 cells have been reported to express both the kynurenine and serotonin pathways. (wikipedia.org)
  • These pathways are critical in converting the energy from food into a form that cells can use. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Succinate acts as an oxygen sensor in the cell and can help turn on specific pathways that stimulate cells to grow in a low-oxygen environment (hypoxia). (medlineplus.gov)
  • the chromaffin cells settle near the sympathetic ganglia, the vagus nerve, paraganglia, and carotid arteries. (medscape.com)
  • PC12 cells stop dividing and terminally differentiate when treated with nerve growth factor or dexamethasone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Treatment of PC12 cells with nerve growth factor creates cells with long processes known as neurite varicosities, which contain small amounts of vesicles. (wikipedia.org)
  • PC12 cells treated for 10-14 days with nerve growth factor had no release of vesicles from the cell body which indicates the aggregation of vesicles in the ends of the neurites. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1907 the zoologist Ross Granville Harrison demonstrated the growth of frog embryonic cells that would give rise to nerve cells in a medium of clotted lymph . (wikipedia.org)
  • In a separate set of experiments, annexin expression levels were measured in cultures of rat PC-12 cells, a pheochromocytoma that ceases proliferation and undergoes reversible differentiation into nondividing neuronlike cells in response to nerve growth factor (NGF). (rupress.org)
  • Paraganglia are groups of cells that are found near nerve cell bunches called ganglia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It was developed in parallel to the adrenal chromaffin cell model because of its extreme versatility for pharmacological manipulation, ease of culture, and the large amount of information on their proliferation and differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • This makes PC12 cells useful as a model system for neuronal differentiation and neurosecretion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gain and loss of function studies have indicated that miRNAs play a critical role in the regulation of all key biological functions such as development, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Evidence is accumulating that small G proteins are involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. (nii.ac.jp)
  • We have found that the levels of smg p21 mRNA increase in hematopoietic leukemiae cells after their differentiation into hematopoietic cells. (nii.ac.jp)
  • We have also found that smg p25A is mainly detected inneural tissues by use of its specific monoclonal antibody, and that the levels of smg p25A mRNA increase in PC12 cells after their differentiation into neuron-like cells. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Control of muscle differentiation in BC3H1 cells by fibroblast growth factor and vanadate. (wustl.edu)
  • Ishge K, Schubert D, Sagara Y. Flavonoids protect neuronal cells from oxidative stress by three distinct mechanisms. (aaem.pl)
  • 1. Role of ion channels in T cell response and adaptation to hypoxia. (uc.edu)
  • A HIF1alpha regulatory loop links hypoxia and mitochondrial signals in pheochromocytomas. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Four pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins were identified in membranes of PC-12 cells: two members of the Gi family, Gi1 and Gi2, and two members of the Go family, Go2 and another Go subtype (possibly Go1). (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Collagen type IV is the major constituent of basement membranes and offers more physiologically relevant conditions to cells as well as improving the adherence of specific cell types i.e. (novabio.lt)
  • Thus, the three structurally related compounds, MPP + , paraquat, and analog 1, showed different effects on the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the glycolytic pathway in PC 12 cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • A contrary view regarding expression of the serotonin pathway by PC12 cells was expressed by the investigators who first established this cell line. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because the effects of local anesthetics on cellular signal transduction in neuronal cells are not well-known, the authors investigated whether they affect the MAP kinase signaling pathway using PC12 cells. (asahq.org)
  • In vitro studies based on MCF-7 cell proliferation and induction of vitellogenin in primary culture of rainbow trout hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)
  • Ferulic acid induces neural progenitor cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. (aaem.pl)
  • To investigate further the involvement of lipocortin 1 in cell proliferation, we measured lipocortin 1 levels in normal diploid human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) to determine whether its expression changed as a function of growth status. (rupress.org)
  • In summary, lipocortin 1 expression exhibited a positive correlation with cell proliferation in HFF cells. (rupress.org)
  • PC12 cell line use has given much information to the function of proteins underlying vesicle fusion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fluorescent microscopy of transiently transfected mammalian cells expressing Phi-Yellow proteins. (evrogen.com)
  • Suitability of Phi-Yellow proteins to generate stably transfected cells has been proven by Marinpharm company. (evrogen.com)
  • Glass therefore usually has to be coated with proteins that enhance cell adherence and growth (e.g., poly-D-lysine or collagen). (novabio.lt)
  • Extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen provide an attachment framework for the adhesion and growth of certain cell types in vivo, and can also be used for cell attachment to plate surfaces in vitro. (novabio.lt)
  • 1999. Transactivation activity of human, zebrafish, and rainbow trout aryl hydrocarbon receptors expressed in COS-7 cells: Greater insight into species differences in toxic potency of polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxin, dibenzofuran, and biphenyl congeners. (cdc.gov)
  • Pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin or intracellular infusion of the GDP analogue guanosine-5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) was without effects on the control Ca2+ channel current but abolished its hormonal inhibition. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Octn1/2- and Mate1-expressing cells showed the intracellular accumulation of oxaliplatin. (bvsalud.org)
  • The biosynthesis and storage of catecholamines in chromaffin cell tumors may differ from the biosynthesis and storage in the normal medulla. (medscape.com)
  • Each reagent was used to transfect HEK 293, HeLa, LNCaP, HepG2, and A549 cell lines in a 96-well format, and GFP expression was analyzed 48 hours post-transfection. (thermofisher.com)
  • Overexpression of miR-339 downregulated Sirt2 expression, while knockdown of miR-339 upregulated Sirt2 expression in human SH-SY5Y cells and rat PC12 cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Nanovesicle-targeted Kv1.3 knockdown in memory T cells suppresses CD40L expression and memory phenotype. (uc.edu)
  • and Holland Laboratory American Red level of expression of PrPC ( 11,12 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Mammalian cells transiently transfected with PhiYFP and PhiYFP-m expression vectors produce bright fluorescence in 10-12 hours after transfection. (evrogen.com)
  • Dibucaine and tetracaine at clinical concentrations were found to inhibit the activation of MAP kinase and the expression of c-Fos mediated by L-type Ca2+ channels in PC12 cells. (asahq.org)
  • SIGNALS initiated by neurotransmitter release are transferred to the nuclei of the postsynaptic cells to activate specific programs of gene expression, thus influencing synaptic functions. (asahq.org)
  • For comparison, the expression of annexin V (also called endonexin II) was measured in HFF cells. (rupress.org)
  • In contrast, the expression of annexin II (also called calpactin I) and annexin IV (also called endonexin I) remained relatively unchanged in growing and quiescent HFF cells. (rupress.org)
  • The vesicles hold catecholamines, mostly dopamine, but also limited amount of norepinephrine, and release of these neurotransmitters give rise to spikes due to changes in current similar to chromaffin cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • These cells are popular because they are able to synthesize and release catecholamines in a similar manner as dopaminergic neurons and adrenal medullary chromaffin cells [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Pheochromocytomas occur in both children and adults. (medscape.com)
  • Their embryological origin with neuroblastic cells means they can easily differentiate into neuron-like cells even though they are not considered adult neurons. (wikipedia.org)
  • We examined effects of three structurally related pyridinium compounds, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP + ), paraquat, and l-methyl-4-(4'- nitrophenyl) pyridinium (analog 1), on the energy metabolism in pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • It delivers exceptional transfection efficiency with improved cell viability for the widest range of hard-to-transfect and common cell types including HEK 293, HeLa, LNCaP, HepG2, and A549 cell lines (Figure 1) . (thermofisher.com)
  • In the fifth week of fetal development, neuroblastic cells migrate from the thoracic neural crest to form the sympathetic chains and preaortic ganglia. (medscape.com)
  • Of specific interest is the role that nanoscale cell-surface interactions play in the biocompatibility of neural implants. (frontiersin.org)
  • 3,4 MAP kinase is highly expressed in the central nervous system, primarily in such postsynaptic structures as neuronal cell bodies and the bases of the proximal dendrites. (asahq.org)
  • Biochemical studies have suggested a voltage-dependent dihydropyridine-sensitive catecholamine release in adrenal chromaffin cells. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Cell cultures exposed to transmissible spongiform agent contaminating some component of culture medium, encephalopathy agents and propagated for 30 passages* especially bovine serum ( 13 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Growing viruses in cell cultures allowed preparation of purified viruses for the manufacture of vaccines . (wikipedia.org)
  • This vaccine was made possible by the cell culture research of John Franklin Enders , Thomas Huckle Weller , and Frederick Chapman Robbins , who were awarded a Nobel Prize for their discovery of a method of growing the virus in monkey kidney cell cultures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Quiescent HFF cell cultures were induced to proliferate by either subculture to lower cell density, EGF stimulation, or serum stimulation. (rupress.org)
  • Activation and degranulation of CAR-T cells using engineered antigen-presenting cell surfaces. (uc.edu)
  • Cell viability was then assessed by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cells treated with 500 μM MPP + for a day reduced cell viability to ~70% as compared to control group. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lipofectamine 3000 reagent is a specially formulated gentle transfection reagent that is optimized for plasmid delivery into CHO cells with high efficiency and low cell toxicity. (thermofisher.com)
  • Spectacular increase in transfection efficiency and dramatic decrease in cell toxicity. (thermofisher.com)
  • Both linoleic acid and arachidonic acid are able to inhibit MPP + -induced toxicity in PC12 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A defect in KCa3.1 channel activity limits the ability of CD8+ T cells from cancer patients to infiltrate an adenosine-rich microenvironment. (uc.edu)
  • In pediatric congenital heart disease (CHD) patients, manipulation of resident progenitor cells may provide important new approaches to improving outcomes. (stanford.edu)
  • Some drug transporters have been identified as platinum complex transporters in kidney or tumor cells, but not yet in DRG. (bvsalud.org)
  • These organic conductors provide safe electrical stimulation of tissue while avoiding undesirable chemical reactions and cell damage. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cell culture or tissue culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • After the cells of interest have been isolated from living tissue , they can subsequently be maintained under carefully controlled conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants. (wikipedia.org)
  • In practice, the term "cell culture" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes , especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture , fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes ). (wikipedia.org)
  • The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture . (wikipedia.org)
  • [12] He suggested that the potentialities of individual cells via tissue culture as well as that the reciprocal influences of tissues on one another could be determined by this method. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since Haberlandt's original assertions, methods for tissue and cell culture have been realized, leading to significant discoveries in biology and medicine. (wikipedia.org)
  • In human SH-SY5Y cells, the luciferase assay implied that Sirt2 was likely a target of miRNA-339. (hindawi.com)
  • This high quality microplate can be utilized in your cell based assay for superior results. (novabio.lt)
  • Treatment of PC12 cells with dexamethasone differentiates them into chromaffin-like cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, Atm deficiency is associated with elevated levels of ROS that could render cells alot more sensitive to any additional imposed tension as well as 17-DMAG treatment method. (cd31-signal.com)
  • In the siRNA-control cells, Fig. 4c, the surface is even more tightened toward the origin when when compared with the handled cells, Fig. 4d, indicating the synergistic result has been decreased right after treatment method with siRNA for HSP70. (cd31-signal.com)
  • After NGF treatment, PC-12 cells expressed fivefold higher levels of endonexin II and 32-fold higher levels of calpactin 1. (rupress.org)
  • The easy protocol, exceptional plasmid DNA delivery, and the ability to effectively generate stable cell lines makes Lipofectamine 3000 reagent, the perfect reagent for CHO cell transfection experiments. (thermofisher.com)
  • Collagen type I is suitable for endothelial and epithelial cells, muscle cells and hepatocytes. (novabio.lt)
  • We used undifferentiated PC-12 cells to study the effect of epinephrine and carbachol on transmembranous currents. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) is one of the most widely used non-human mammalian cell lines. (thermofisher.com)
  • Fluorescent microscopy of stably transfected mammalian cells expressing PhiYFP in cytosol. (evrogen.com)
  • 1995]. When expressed in mammalian cells, this variant provides green fluorescent labeling of mitochondria. (evrogen.com)
  • Most cells require a surface or an artificial substrate to form an adherent culture as a monolayer (one single-cell thick), whereas others can be grown free floating in a medium as a suspension culture . (wikipedia.org)
  • PC12 cells have been researched to evaluate the potential for pharmaceutical alternation of dopamine metabolites such as DOPAL, an autotoxin implicated in the pathology of Parkinson's disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on dopamine release from PC12 cells. (cdc.gov)
  • We identified 12 platinum transporters expressed in DRG with real-time PCR, and their transiently overexpressing cells were established. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pretreatment of the cells with 1 mM (ethylenedioxy)-diethyl-enedinitrilotetraacetic acid or 5 micron nifedipine blocked the MAP kinase activation induced by 50 mM KCl, whereas pretreatment with 2 microM omega-conotoxin GIVA did not. (asahq.org)